Thought the lecture was great enough, turns out the Q&A is even better. This guy is a legend, he should write a book and win the Nobel prize for literature lol
Most enjoyable. Articulate and able to present complex ideas is a readily comprehensible form. His book is one of the best popular science books out there. Not just because of the subject matter but because it is so well written. I could not put it down. Highly recommended.
I disagree with Sean on the superhero part. The Higgs-Man (Professor Higgs? The incredible Higgs?) could have the power to alter the Higgs field any way he wanted. Which gives him the power to: - Disintegrate things and people at will by lowering the Higgs field around them - Give things and people enormous mass, essentially freezing them - Vibrate the Higgs field so violently that lots of Higgs particles are created, the Higgs-beam! Marvel, I hereby claim the rights to this idea!
Why yes you do. And we should spend a hundred times more. We spent 3000 billion on some weapons that were never there. We spent more money, bailing out the banks, than has been spent on science in a thousand years. 9 billion?? Peanuts, and really an insult to humanity!!
Thanks! And as I understand it, the total Energy Density is determined by how quickly the universe expands, right? And is the ratio of Dark Energy to Dark Matter derived from that expansion as well?
No. it's percentage of Energy Density [ED] 73% ED = Dark Energy 22% ED = Dark Matter 4.5% ED = Normal matter [protons, neutrons & electrons] < 0.3% ED = Neutrinos 0.01% ED = Radiation [photons] The above numbers should add up to 100%, but they don't because of small rounding errors in the first three quantities For more information Google for Astronomer Ethan Siegel's post called "Yes, we really, REALLY need Dark Matter!" on his excellent "Starts With a? Bang!" Blog
I did not expect googling "Energy is not conserved." to actually just lead to that blog, especially 10 years and many Google search changes later, but it actually works!
Part 2 of 2: Therefore it makes sense to measure the amount of energy in each cubic metre of space ~ the Energy Density [ED]. Dark Energy [DE] increases at the same rate as inflation because the ED of DE is constant at all times ~ that's why DE is sometimes called a cosmological constant. The total amount of Dark Matter [DM] appears to be constant so its density will fall with inflation. This must mean [as you write yourself] the ratio of DE to DM is derived from inflation.
Quantumchromodynamics, the theory of the strong force that holds quarks together via a force field in which gluons act as force carriers, was verified by a plethora of experiments and analyses over the last 30 years. Meaning: the gluon picture provided a huge set of very specific mathematical predictions which ALL were found to match precisely the data. Whatever your "warped fields" theory is, it must have a very similar structure to, if not identical with, this already established theory.
There's something I don't get (well, there's a lot actually, but this one I can put into words) 14:03 : "About 4% of the universe is ordinary matter" I hear that a lot, but what does it mean? 4% of what, of all the energy in the universe?
Wow! this was absolutely brilliant. But, I really hate that you didn't name the physicist who pissed on his colleague's experiment!! I couldn't find it on google either:(
What should I prove? You didn't say anything substantial, it's merely an idea. Where's your mathematical model, correlation with experiments and predictions for new findings? How does your mechanism interact with the other known features of physics? What problems do you want to solve with it and what was your process of insight/ideas in developing the hypothesis? Then we could talk. (And you will be proven wrong)
Mass(in kilograms)=Charge squared(in Coulombs squared)x 10^-7 divided by distance(between two charges in meters). That's the origin of mass and how Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation can be used by NASA with high accuracy because it is actually Coulomb's Law of electromagnetic interaction in disguise (Newton didn't disguise it, because in 1687 very little was then known of electricity although something was known of magnetism).
Part 1 of 2:- Nobody is sure what Dark Matter is but a favourite is Weakly Interacting Massive Particles. Did WIMPs come into existence at the same time as baryonic matter? There's no standard way to define the total energy of the universe [regardless of whether the universe is spatially finite or infinite]. There isn't even any way to define the total mass-energy of the *observable* universe. There's no standard way to say whether or not mass-energy is conserved during cosmological expansion!!
No it has 'dark' because they don't interact with the electromagnetic force(light), the strong & weak nuclear forces. Except for dark matter which interacts with gravity. Dark energy doesn't interact with the 4 laws of physics. Which means we do not know what are they really and their properties.
actually dark matter could be interacting via the weak force! the weak force is weak enough so the we wouldn't have noticed the "dark" matter by now, if it was interacting weakly. Hence there are several possible candiates proposed as dark matter which do interact weakly, like new types of neutrinos or "WIMPS"
9 billion dollar investment on the LHC. I wonder what the true "spinoff" to such a large amount of money is? What type of power or advantage do these investors hope they get their hands on from these great experiments? You just don't spend that kind of money so scientists can have their questions answered.
Well first, yes, there is still some humanity left in this world, states are not 100% capitalistic and thus really do spend money for the pursuit of human curiosity. Other than that, as sean said: which kind of spin off you will get is not clear beforehand, but there always has been spinoffs. Like the web of computers invented by CERN in order to be able to calculate through the massive amounts of data, which turned into the frickin world wide web. I mean, this is the defining "spinoff" of the millenium and may i say, on par with the invention of fire and stuff like that
This is too-long-ago to ask a good question, But the question is still good: (how) Does the Higgs Boson determine the mass of a photon trapped in a mirror-box...?
But, trapped in a mirror-box (or an atom) the photon adds a velocity-squared (v²) term to the kinetic energy (Kᴇ) of the box (or atom): which explains the mass of all particles-energy (a photon) convolved (trapped) within itself...the question is still good... (add to that, photons interact with photons, e.g. e⁺+e⁻ ↔ γ↾+γ⇂ .)
+Raymond K Petry Ronald de Rooji is right, the photon does not interact with Higgs Field and it has no mass. But its true that the box has a mass because of the photon inside (because of photon energy). This was answered by Einstein in 1905. He showed that the mass of an object is a measure of its internal energy.
'yeeahh-buuut' how does absorbing a photon change the rest mass of an atom, or a proton, Einstein showed some of that too... either the Higgs field interacts with rest mass-or it does not: electrons are made of photons [half] a pair of 511 keV gamma rays, so something in the "process-of-photons" does-interact with the Higgs field... and it's not, the rest mass...
Space is a calculation done by consciousness in order to interpret the data that comes into it. It is a mathematical function defined by the larger consciousness system (LCS). Scientists are expecting to see the edge of the Universe and they will never find it because is all virtual and it generates itself as long as you stare at it. It’s like AutoCAD model space. It’s infinite and a virtual generated space. As crazy as that sounds the Space is the same and consciousness is the computer
Why do all these speakers rate every question as "Very Good"? "That's a very good question,...[and so on]". This basically means that these questions were really *not* very good.
Why do people say "Pleased to meet you" when they don't know who you are, or "I'm fine, how are you?" even if they feel a bit poorly? Ans: because these little courtesies are the oil that helps humans rub along together. It's just part of being a good lecturer: help your students feel comfortable.( Also, it provides a few extra seconds to prepare an answer.)
Sean is just so likable, I love him and his lectures, especially the "biggest ideas in the universe" series :)
Thought the lecture was great enough, turns out the Q&A is even better. This guy is a legend, he should write a book and win the Nobel prize for literature lol
Yep, He already wrote a book 📖
Sean is by far the best explainer of the hardest stuff in the particle physics!
Agreed. He's like a lessy hipstery version of Brian Cox.
Alive today. I miss Feynman, Sagan, etc
Man, I wish I had the intelligence, passion, and knowledge of one of these scientists.
Passion gets you a long way. Never say never
Most enjoyable. Articulate and able to present complex ideas is a readily comprehensible form. His book is one of the best popular science books out there. Not just because of the subject matter but because it is so well written. I could not put it down. Highly recommended.
Sean makes it so fun to learn new stuff.
Absolutely love 💘
THANK YOU DR.SEAN CARROLL...!!!
I disagree with Sean on the superhero part.
The Higgs-Man (Professor Higgs? The incredible Higgs?) could have the power to alter the Higgs field any way he wanted. Which gives him the power to:
- Disintegrate things and people at will by lowering the Higgs field around them
- Give things and people enormous mass, essentially freezing them
- Vibrate the Higgs field so violently that lots of Higgs particles are created, the Higgs-beam!
Marvel, I hereby claim the rights to this idea!
Wow!!! Just, Wow!!! This is awesome.
Why yes you do. And we should spend a hundred times more. We spent 3000 billion on some weapons that were never there. We spent more money, bailing out the banks, than has been spent on science in a thousand years. 9 billion?? Peanuts, and really an insult to humanity!!
Thanks!
And as I understand it, the total Energy Density is determined by how quickly the universe expands, right?
And is the ratio of Dark Energy to Dark Matter derived from that expansion as well?
No. it's percentage of Energy Density [ED]
73% ED = Dark Energy
22% ED = Dark Matter
4.5% ED = Normal matter [protons, neutrons & electrons]
< 0.3% ED = Neutrinos
0.01% ED = Radiation [photons]
The above numbers should add up to 100%, but they don't because of small rounding errors in the first three quantities
For more information Google for Astronomer Ethan Siegel's post called
"Yes, we really, REALLY need Dark Matter!" on his excellent "Starts With a? Bang!" Blog
The particle or particles you are trying to identify may be what makes up some kind of firmament to a universe bubble
16:50 chess analogy... what a badass!!
I did not expect googling "Energy is not conserved." to actually just lead to that blog, especially 10 years and many Google search changes later, but it actually works!
Part 2 of 2: Therefore it makes sense to measure the amount of energy in each cubic metre of space ~ the Energy Density [ED]. Dark Energy [DE] increases at the same rate as inflation because the ED of DE is constant at all times ~ that's why DE is sometimes called a cosmological constant.
The total amount of Dark Matter [DM] appears to be constant so its density will fall with inflation. This must mean [as you write yourself] the ratio of DE to DM is derived from inflation.
Quantumchromodynamics, the theory of the strong force that holds quarks together via a force field in which gluons act as force carriers, was verified by a plethora of experiments and analyses over the last 30 years. Meaning: the gluon picture provided a huge set of very specific mathematical predictions which ALL were found to match precisely the data. Whatever your "warped fields" theory is, it must have a very similar structure to, if not identical with, this already established theory.
Me: "oh this video looks interesting, I'll just watch a few minutes... HOLY CRAP I'VE BEEN WATCHING FOR HALF AN HOUR."
Don't coach your child to ask your question in the hopes that he will come across as a child genius.
We can tell.
Stop it great idea!!!!!!!!!!
23:39 my computer ran out of electricity.... why do i find this amazing lol
There's something I don't get (well, there's a lot actually, but this one I can put into words)
14:03 : "About 4% of the universe is ordinary matter"
I hear that a lot, but what does it mean? 4% of what, of all the energy in the universe?
Wow! this was absolutely brilliant. But, I really hate that you didn't name the physicist who pissed on his colleague's experiment!! I couldn't find it on google either:(
And I know now
What should I prove? You didn't say anything substantial, it's merely an idea. Where's your mathematical model, correlation with experiments and predictions for new findings? How does your mechanism interact with the other known features of physics? What problems do you want to solve with it and what was your process of insight/ideas in developing the hypothesis? Then we could talk. (And you will be proven wrong)
By interacting with the Higgs field.
I thought branes were string fields?
Mass(in kilograms)=Charge squared(in Coulombs squared)x 10^-7 divided by distance(between two charges in meters). That's the origin of mass and how Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation can be used by NASA with high accuracy because it is actually Coulomb's Law of electromagnetic interaction in disguise (Newton didn't disguise it, because in 1687 very little was then known of electricity although something was known of magnetism).
Incorrect
Part 1 of 2:- Nobody is sure what Dark Matter is but a favourite is Weakly Interacting Massive Particles. Did WIMPs come into existence at the same time as baryonic matter? There's no standard way to define the total energy of the universe [regardless of whether the universe is spatially finite or infinite]. There isn't even any way to define the total mass-energy of the *observable* universe. There's no standard way to say whether or not mass-energy is conserved during cosmological expansion!!
No it has 'dark' because they don't interact with the electromagnetic force(light), the strong & weak nuclear forces. Except for dark matter which interacts with gravity. Dark energy doesn't interact with the 4 laws of physics. Which means we do not know what are they really and their properties.
actually dark matter could be interacting via the weak force! the weak force is weak enough so the we wouldn't have noticed the "dark" matter by now, if it was interacting weakly.
Hence there are several possible candiates proposed as dark matter which do interact weakly, like new types of neutrinos or "WIMPS"
Awesome
How about my feelings ,
9 billion dollar investment on the LHC. I wonder what the true "spinoff" to such a large amount of money is? What type of power or advantage do these investors hope they get their hands on from these great experiments? You just don't spend that kind of money so scientists can have their questions answered.
Well first, yes, there is still some humanity left in this world, states are not 100% capitalistic and thus really do spend money for the pursuit of human curiosity.
Other than that, as sean said: which kind of spin off you will get is not clear beforehand, but there always has been spinoffs. Like the web of computers invented by CERN in order to be able to calculate through the massive amounts of data, which turned into the frickin world wide web.
I mean, this is the defining "spinoff" of the millenium and may i say, on par with the invention of fire and stuff like that
This is too-long-ago to ask a good question, But the question is still good: (how) Does the Higgs Boson determine the mass of a photon trapped in a mirror-box...?
No, because the photon does not interact with the Higgs field at all. That is why it travels with the speed of light and not slower (in a vacuüm).
But, trapped in a mirror-box (or an atom) the photon adds a velocity-squared (v²) term to the kinetic energy (Kᴇ) of the box (or atom): which explains the mass of all particles-energy (a photon) convolved (trapped) within itself...the question is still good... (add to that, photons interact with photons, e.g. e⁺+e⁻ ↔ γ↾+γ⇂ .)
Raymond K Petry The question is still bad
+Raymond K Petry Ronald de Rooji is right, the photon does not interact with Higgs Field and it has no mass. But its true that the box has a mass because of the photon inside (because of photon energy). This was answered by Einstein in 1905. He showed that the mass of an object is a measure of its internal energy.
'yeeahh-buuut' how does absorbing a photon change the rest mass of an atom, or a proton, Einstein showed some of that too... either the Higgs field interacts with rest mass-or it does not: electrons are made of photons [half] a pair of 511 keV gamma rays, so something in the "process-of-photons" does-interact with the Higgs field... and it's not, the rest mass...
Open youtube
See Sean Carroll documentary in recommendations
Open documentary
Click thumb up
Okay, now I'm ready to watch the documentary
23:15 laptop ran out of electricity
What is a laptop ?
i uploaded more videos like you asked
how do gluons get their mass?
Energy (quantum chromodynamic binding energy)
Electromicroscience is not as near as cool as contrast theory !
Pl Q10 Z
No se CT किओ Judge
Questions seemed set up, That's a great question 🤔 🙄
I have noticed that
It will be sad to lose all this knowledge... if NASA is right.
What are you talking about?
Well, we're STILL all waiting for you to explain what on earth you were talking about.
I have my suspicions of course.
I cant even remember now. Something they said about the degradation of the environment.
Slanghappy
Hmm....
Alzheimers?
Nobody bought his book
The auspicious calf antenatally coach because message feraly rain absent a insidious duck. royal, fearful fearless scale
I thought that the other guy was Brain Cox
Iam fully aware, u hired Fmale !!!! And give her a money to go with me!!!!
Space is a calculation done by consciousness in order to interpret the data that comes into it. It is a mathematical function defined by the larger consciousness system (LCS). Scientists are expecting to see the edge of the Universe and they will never find it because is all virtual and it generates itself as long as you stare at it. It’s like AutoCAD model space. It’s infinite and a virtual generated space. As crazy as that sounds the Space is the same and consciousness is the computer
+STEFAN BADARA It does sound pretty crazy.
Why do all these speakers rate every question as "Very Good"? "That's a very good question,...[and so on]". This basically means that these questions were really *not* very good.
Why do people say "Pleased to meet you" when they don't know who you are, or "I'm fine, how are you?" even if they feel a bit poorly? Ans: because these little courtesies are the oil that helps humans rub along together. It's just part of being a good lecturer: help your students feel comfortable.( Also, it provides a few extra seconds to prepare an answer.)
That is a very good question Nehmo.
By interacting with the Higgs field.