Why Japan is Hollowing Out a Mountain
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.พ. 2025
- Japan is building something huge inside a mountain.
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Corrections and clarifications:
When complete, the cavern will be 94m high.
The observatory sits 600m below the mountain peak
The water in the tank undergoes further treatment with Ion exchange resin and other means
to create water so pure that the transmitted light does not attenuate for more than 100 metres
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Additional footage and images courtesy of Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo / NHK Enterprises, Inc.
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I recall watching a documentary about the first version back in the 1980s.
Apparently, divers were needed for inspection and maintenance. When they entered, the water was so pure that the divers had fears of heights and falling because visually, they could not see the water, despite feeling it around them through their suits.
I hope they didn't pee in their wet suits. In diving there are 2 kinds of people - those who pee in wet suits and those who lie.
Milwaukee city water supply is also inspected by divers (obviously not this big). The guide who gave the tour to my hydrogeology class said that the divers had to be cautioned and regularly reminded not to remove their masks. The lack of visible particles made it easy to forget they were submerged.
Heard these are multidimensional and cross space time communication devices...
That is wild
@@BobConnor-n2g any sane person would give them fully sealed dry suits with rebreathers to keep the water clean.
For the same price, NYC renovated 30 feet of space in grand central.
It's the bureaucracy man. So many middlemen and subcontractors cutting huge checks and doing the work very slowly
American workers are slackers also
oh wow.. and in switzerland it takes 10 fucking years to build a bicycle lane of 2km
I blame the Cowboys of old wild wild west....for American's problems today
So many westerners only interested in becoming managers. All lazy. The truth is the US needs immigration because the locals can’t handle physical work.
My physics professor told my class about this project back when it was still being planned.
Amazing how it's finally getting realised now
I thought I had a hair on my laptop screen. I kept trying to flick it off, only to realize it is your profile picture...
I wish i could say the same
@@MalcolmfromNYare you still flicking 😂
Recognized
@@selcouthconcepts Lol these never work on dark mode. Cause if they made the backround black you wouldnt see the hair or bug whatever.
A lot of people talking about the cost...for an advanced first world nation to build this in the middle of a solid mountain for well below $1bn is incredible.
For comparison, in the UK, £500m will get you about 10% of a cut and cover tunnel through relatively flat countryside, and won't include all the legal crap that precedes construction (if it even happens)
Also, the timeframe is staggering: considering they started in 2021 and are due to be online in 2027. Wonder how much of HS2 will be completed by then?!
Like the Hindhead tunnel on the A3?
*"Hinckley Point C power station enters the chat"*
meanwhile here, they wanna build a $10b highway lmao
Just one of the legacy of Japan's economic bubble........😁
5:16 "water so pure it's capable of dissolving metal" ... The University of Tokyo will be proud of how you are sharing this great project with the world.
Yes, that how it has been described previously (water in Kamiokamde) . Basically, ultra-pure water starts to exhibit some pretty strange behaviour being both alkaline and acidic at the same time as water starts dissolving itself creating hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) which then react with anything.
@@ZvonimirZelenika This is a load of bullshit. H3O+ and OH- ions are present in water at any purity. What was actually said is that water has "features of an acid and an alkaline", not that it is acidic and alkaline at the same time.
It was described as follows: "Water that’s ultra-pure is waiting to dissolve stuff into it", meaning that pure water has a tendency to dissolve other molecules in it, but that does not mean it can really dissolve macroscopic metallic objects.
@@div_tmno he is clearly referencing the research paper by Doctor Imap, Ussay where they observed water that had been essentially stripped of its moisture , and in that state it became almost identical to stomach acid
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
@@VS257Since you're paying for it, they'd rather that you're not too familiar with it's cost.
I remember recommending that you create a video for Hyper Kamiokande a few months back. Thank you for actually doing it and making people aware of the experiment! 👏🏽
Big infrastructure projects like bridges and dams are pretty cool, but huge science experiments like this are just awesome. I'd love to hear more about the engineering challenges behind gravity wave detectors, telescopes, particle accelerators and such.
As far as i know, even the biggest failed projects serve us to advance. Because when this amount of dedication and budget goes into a science project, it's almost inevitable for something new not to be discovered/invented.
Even if nothing happens, something older can be improved. Or, at the worst of it, it puts a stop sign to a dead end.
So it's always interesting.
@@slemangerdy8407 Sure you didn't mean to write "for something new *NOT* to be discovered" ?
Agreed Fred should definitely do a video on DUNE and LIGO/VIRGO. A bit unrelated but within Physics is also ITER - the most complicated machine humankind has built. A lot of construction quirks within all those experiments!
I worked in that tank during the summers of 2001 and 2002 for the upgrade and rebuild! My PhD thesis was on techniques to better estimate the cosmic muon backgrounds for sites like superK. Cheers!
I love these huge science experiments, I wish more of humanity's efforts went towards knowledge.
Particle physics has gotten to the point where much of the experimentation is of massive scale and massive expense.
And a substantial amount of the particle theory is so far out there that it can't be tested (eg string theory) and thus has attracted significant self criticism by some particle physicists pointing out that it's dubious science (science needs to be testable, or, as they say, falsifiable, to be meaningful, and a lot of bleeding edge particle theory cannot be, so is it physics or is it philosophy?)
There is a lot of physics that can be done for $600mm that this neutrino experiment costs. For instance, high temperature superconductor research is much less costly and potentially far more impactful.
That the world wide web is accounted for as a practical spinoff of particle physics is telling. It's got nothing to do with physics per se.
There's nothing wrong with physics for the sake of physics, but again, when one particle experiment costs $600mm, there is a lot of other physics that could be done with these dollars (yen, euros, etc).
@@sirsneakybeaky that's like saying the more maths we know the better physics can be, but it's not gotten to the point maths is so advanced that it's value to return is now exceptionally low. The same is true for this experiment
Understanding is more sorely needed for this species.
@@cv990a4 There are plenty of tests of string theory, experimental string theory has been an active field for decades, and no modern particle physics has not "attracted significant self criticism by some particle physicists pointing out that it's dubious science " this is just a weird myth.
The idea that "There is a lot of physics that can be done for $600mm that this neutrino experiment costs. " is just irrelevant even if it was true, physics research is not a zero-sum game. If you defund particle physics experiments, that money does not go towards other physics experiments. For one example of many, when the SSC was defunded, $billions were freed up. Did other physics projects get any more money than they were projected to before it was cancelled? ... No, physics research as a whole just got $billlions less funding.
Same. Really wish that efforts would go to this instead of war technology
Living my childhood dream as one of the scientists in the Super-K and Hyper-K collaborations, so it’s awesome to see our experiments getting hyped up 🤘 (I’m on the team chasing neutrinos coming from massive star explosions in space, or “supernovae”)! We’re excited for the physics we can do through the rest of Super-K’s lifetime and then on to Hyper-K. Keep an eye out for our field-the future is even brighter than that Cherenkov radiation you mentioned 😎 thanks for the video!
(And never hesitate to ask a Super-K/Hyper-K scientist about what they do because I think we could all talk for hours about it haha)
Ok, lemme bite, What is the future prospects of said Research?
what can we build with the results?
tax dollars@@drextrey
@@drextrey no future, knowledge is its own purpose.
@@drextrey the prospective applications of this experiment are, right now, endless. The medical advancements via early stage detection mechanisms, the massive possibilities in computing, raw processing, internet, telecommunications, imaging, etc. The reason why there has been such an intense advancement in science and technology over the past two centuries is because the frontiers of science are being broken and expanded by such pioneers who do seemingly "useless" experiments.
Physicist rizz:
Baby, you’ve got a Cherenkov future 😏
As a physics nerd, I freaked out when I saw the thumbnail. Makes sense putting this in the mountain. Awesome video!
in the USA we have the benefit of really deep underground mines to reuse for this purpose... exactly why some of the US based ones have been at Soudan mine (MN) and Homestake mine (SD). I drove past the Homestake a few years ago, and it was amazing pondering how much gold and how much science came out of that site.
As a rational thinking person, I freaked out when I thought of earthquakes 😂
Timestamped Highlights
00:28
🌍 The Hyper Kamiokande is a massive structure being built in Japan, costing over half a billion dollars, and is the largest neutrino observatory in the world.
01:43
🏔 The structure is hidden deep in Mount Nugo, which provides excellent insulation from background radiation, making it ideal for spotting neutrinos.
04:24
🚧 The construction process involves drilling and blasting through rock to create a cavern, which will eventually be filled with 260 million liters of water.
06:46
🔬 The observatory will detect neutrinos by observing the weak glow called cherenkov radiation produced when neutrinos collide with electrons in the water-filled cavern.
08:55
🌐 Advancements in particle physics have led to various applications, including medical scans, tumor diagnosis, and treatments for diseases, as well as improved weather forecasting and information sharing systems.
09:57
🎙 Learn more about the Hyper Kamiokande and other construction topics on the world's best construction podcast, available on various platforms.
Summarized by @NoteGPT
Nice little physics lesson to start us off. One note is that neutrinos do interact with other matter (or else how would we detect them) it’s just extremely rare. That’s why we need a giant vat of water under a mountain, to act as a filter, reducing all the noise of other particle interactions which would far exceed any interactions by neutrinos. As you mention later, it is the interaction with an electron that the observatory measures. Anyways, love the channel!
What could we possibly learn from detecting the glow from these rare collisions?
We don’t really know ahead of time with these things but when we figured out how electrons work for example we learned about the photovoltaic effect, Einstein’s Nobel Prize which gave us solar panels. When we studied alpha and beta decay that gave us Radiology, medical imaging, PET and CT scans.
@@ddmarsh21 Maybe if there's some variation in the glow then we would have at least some observable effect to theorize about.
@@karlwithak. Most likely. I don't see what detecting the faint flash can possibly tell them. Unless there is some kind of variation in the flash we don't understand that would allow theories to be tested on it. Seems like a huge waste of money.
@@The1stDukeDroklar without these "huge waste of money" our civilization wouldn't advance to current level.
"How do you build something like this in the middle of a mountain?"
Dwarves: "Hold our beer."
A Balrog of Mordor "Yes, come in".
😂😂 ikr!? 😂😂
PBS Nova had a great 1 hour show about an American project like this years ago. The divers said floating in the water to do maintenance was unnerving as the clear water made you feel like you were floating in space.
Yep, water with no impurities is clearer than any glass so a light source that can illuminate the bottom of an empty 80m deep tank would also illuminate the bottom of the same tank filled with pure water. And if there's one thing scarier than not being able to see the bottom of really deep water it would be when you CAN see the bottom of really deep water.
is there a video where we can se them swimming in such clear water? @krashd
That is so trippy, I want to try it.
@@krashdBut why is that scarier than not seeing the bottom?Knowing that something has an end should be more reassuring than not knowing, right?
@@FlipTheBardyea it isn't scarier
Great video! Physicist here. You got one thing slightly wrong:
All particles are either of type boson (spin is a whole number & that is usually a force transmitting particles) or fermion (spin ist NOT a whole number & that is usually some kind of matter). Neutrinos are of type fermion (some kind of matter) and quite heavy for their size, but they hardly react with any force we know off. On the particle level, measuring something is the same as interacting with it. And since neutrinos do not really interact with other particles, it is absurdly hard to measure them - or even show they exist. That is also why neutrinos are good possible candidates for what constitutes dark matter. And since dark matter is a huge topic (gaping whole in current cosmology), neutrinos are especially interesting.
Thanks for shining light on this topic. The construction side itself is already nuts. Love it!
You are not a physicist
What is the purpose of this very expensive work? Essentially what will be done with it, in laymens terms, as I am not a scientist but I found this video interesting and want to understand something about it.
How does a neutral wire work and why do we need it?
So, these are the “scientist experts” I should trust then? Who wants to bet this is a gigantic experiment that will lead to nowhere, and billions of taxpayer dollars will be flushed down the toilet? Still, the lights will be pretty. By the time they finish, I’ll be dead anyway.
@@karlwithak. ? Are you being sarcastic here
I did a summer job helping rebuild the last one after a major failure in 2000. Kamioka and Toyama are wonderful places to live and work. Another neutrino project you may want to check out would be the Tower Sudan mine experiment in Northern Minnesota.
Finally, Japan’s getting its own stargate base.
Or a Gundam or NERV base
Yeah, NERV probably. They're ramping up military spending again.
Diagnosis: advanced brain-rot by popular couture
Ummm, hello, Godzilla incubator?
We need Sean to come back in a fast and furious/stargate crossover where they find a secret warehouse of "space racers" and "drift" into outer space
This is super informative
It is indeed. I like technology
Japan never ceases to amaze me!
If you want to cease being amazed by Japan, just look up their prison system.
Nissan, Kawasaki Pokemon, Honda Toyota
What amazes you the most??
@@technoman9000 good prisons sytem. Very strict but also safe. No raping or stabbing each other, or stealing or bullying between inmates. I'd rather go to japan prison than an american one
@Dr.Kay_R the only thing overhyped is America, because things made by Caucasian men tend to be overrepresented, often to the point of distorting information.
For real, they ate 2 nukes and are still thriving.
My friend’s brother worked on the IceCube neutrino detector at the south pole. He worked on doing the drilling, using a hot water drill to holes that they dropped strings of detectors into. It is ,I believe, 1 cu km in size.
Excellent video in the B1M classic style. More of this, less product placement and advertisement. Thank you.
Seriously this is just a cover story for them to build a space to contain Godzilla.😂
What
1954 called, they want their Godzilla joke back
😂😂😂
So true lol
😂😂😂😂😂 maybe
Next up: KAMIOKANDE ENDGAME
Cameo Candy
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
As a Particle Physicist, please next time get some consulting from an actual scientist it's painful to listen to at times...
First our known matter is made out of Fermions and Bosons, Quarks, smallest building blocks of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus are Fermions as well as electrons and neutrinos, while all interactions vectors are called Bosons.
Neutrinos are amongst the lightest and least interactive particles, talking about size is a smidge misleading, and I would refrain of using regular sizes to compare particles. Note that they do interact, which you stated later in your video, but the initial claim of not interacting is wrong, they do but with very low probability, which explains why the target needs to be so big.
In the case of CERN we never detect directly neutrinos, as you mentioned their probability of interaction is quite small, so even if we have a repetition rate that is quite high (40MHz collision rate, the actual data taking is quite smaller but whatever) we detect all the particles that do interact and then look at the missing momentum in the event, which indicates that something left the detector without interacting.
You can detect neutrino from accelerator but in this case the intensity of the neutrino beam is high because they are specifically generated to be shot in a certain direction.
It is noted that the Cherenkov radiation is coming from the electron being kicked around moving faster than the speed of light in the medium and not the neutrino itself.
Otherwise interesting to see a video about HyperK and the engineering behind it. If you are interested you could look into the civil engineering of the LHC or for that matter the FCC, it's quite interesting.
@@VS257 because it's underground
Does Thanos show up?
Thanks for always bringing out the best informative videos on TH-cam!
I don't think they lingered on this fact enough, those detectors could notice a flashlight being used on the moon! That's so impressive my brain just shut off for a minute
This is why I have so much respect and admire the Japanese. They are making inventions and technology that will sustain their country. I assume that once it is built and full of water that they will keep it full by cycling salt water through filtration systems and then pump it into the mountain to keep the water level high for all their people and never run out. Infinite fresh water now if only America could get on board and start doing things like this for the people rather than fight amongst ourselves over politics and other stupid topics. We need to get it together as a species or we are doomed. Bless everyone and be safe
I would like some Hyper Cameo Candy, please, Mr Wonka.
Candy! That's what I was thinking too, I had to look up how it is spelled because it's not in the description.
hyper-kamiokande
cameo candy indeed.
"What cameo did your candy give? I got James Belushi."
Finally! They are building Cerebro!
I wonder when we will get the mega or ultra Kamiokande?
KAMIOKANDE ENDGAME
Mecha-Kamiokande (vs. Godzilla)
Shhh!! No! Mega Ultra Kamikokande is Legend!
EXTREME ULTRA SUPER KAMIKOKANDE
Hope never, children dieing in africa country no water
If you ever get the chance to go see Kamioka, I definitely recommend it. Wonderful little village.
You can also get tours of the construction site if you are lucky.
I remember someone once saying that if we could ever figure out a way to reliably create and detect neutrinos, we could just beam information right through the planet from anywhere to anywhere without any obstacles or chance of interception, significantly reducing communication lag on the internet and making more secure long distance communication. This experiment may be a step towards that.
Slight problem: how do you filter out the background neutrino "noise"? At Earth's orbit, 65 billion neutrinos from the Sun pass through every square centimetre every second. So if you are standing on the equator at solar noon on an equinox - ie. when the Sun is directly overhead - about 50 trillion neutrinos pass through your head every second. Just from the Sun.
@@JonMartinYXD Double tap. Just pulse the signal twice. The odds of a signals pattern being identical twice at the receiver is astronomical, and when dealing with a data stream it will be a long complex pattern, it wont happen randomly, least of all twice.
@@JonMartinYXD there is radio waves every where but we can still use our phones.
neutrino internet lets go
@@boogusnutsack5926 I'm pretty sure the solution to that problem is simpler than figuring out how to "send" neutrinos at will easily. Building giant accelerators make it anything but easy.
diving in there must be a surreal experience
Astrum and B1M have finally crossed paths
I thought this said autism and I was like "yup" lol. Water Towers are one of my SI's
Don't you think what the engineering team are trying to do is amazing ❤.
Thank you for sharing 👋 greetings from England 🏴 Simon and Beth ❤❤❤
Canada did a similar project with SNO in an underground mine and heavy water. Cool stuff.
Imagine finding this eons later inside a mountain using geothermal scans or sonar or something. You would be totally mindblown.
Crazy how i have never heard of such a massive science project! I need to know more about this? Where can i find more video about this?
Japan is on an whole another level....
FYI, while smaller, there was been a neutrino detector like this in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) was a neutrino observatory located 2100 m underground. The detector was turned on in May 1999, and was turned off on 28 November 2006. The SNO collaboration was active for several years after that analyzing the data taken. It used a 6-meter-radius (20 ft) sphere with 1000 tons (1M kg) heavy water, and was suspended in a vessel which was filled with normal water to provide both buoyancy for the vessel and radiation shielding. It had about 9,600 detectors.
I heard about these kind of projects before. However, did not know there is such a huge one!!
For a moment I thought I'm watching a Kurzgesagt video.
great video!
I saw this is Episode 1 of "3 Body Problem" in Netflix
The pure water doesn't dissolve metal, it absorbs ions
Japan world most strong country best cars ❤❤😮❤❤❤
They want you to THINK thats a big water tank. That's actually where the gundam is going to go.
There’s me thinking it would be used for collecting rain water lol
Nice vid 👍
First thought when I saw the video on my main page, "Oh Japan is building a neutrino detector, I seen that before." Then I noticed the "water tank" and recalled that Japan has also built some pretty crazy flood control systems. So I then though, "hmm, maybe this is some new flood control system I haven't heard about. I should check it out." Video starts and then I suddenly know the truth, "oh, it is a neutrino detector after all, just one so big it makes all the others look like child's toys. Still neat."
I too thought it's just a bigger reservoir against floods. Turned out way more interesting.
very interesting, thank you for the video
I was going to say at the start, that we AUS did it back in the 50-60's, to build the Snowy Mountains Scheme water and power supply facility for NSW and VIC ! But this, which I thought was similar, is entirely different.
Bravo Japan ! Fantastic effort, Japan just to catch a bunch of Neutrinos !
Snowy 2.0 is a disaster right now, they had a cave in and got the TBM stuck, will be 3 times over budget and late
@@again5162 Like a great many of these projects, the budget is always too small. So "over budget" just means that the people who set the budget were incompetent.
Remember reading about it when they build the Super (something), I still get a headache thinking about it, but it is really cool.
Japan ❣️
Best ❤ Information 👌👌
That, dear Fred, was a masterclass in engaging, entertaining, enlightening and most evidently; smilingly relaxed presentation.
Bravo ragazzo and thanks a bundle.
love the pbs spacetime-esque visuals
Isn't the icecube detector at the south pole the largest?, its a cubic kilometer of ice filed with sensors
Thank you for mentioning this. I was almost certain their claim of the largest neutrino detector was false due to icecube.
he said biggest tank in the world. Not biggest detector. I haven't heard about the south pole icecube detector, but if it's not a tank his statement is still valid.
@@shellcase1436 he said both, largest detector at 2.10
@@shellcase1436 nope, said "largest neutrino observatory" at ~2:06
@@rylandrcYes, there are a lot of mistakes in this video.
Knew as soon as I saw the thumbnail. Some of the most fascinating astronomy we undertake.
It's so hard to wrap my head around neutrinos. I think of it this way: a neutrino is so, so tiny, that even atoms are spaced so far apart - like stars are to us - that they can pass through without interfering with them. I've no idea if that's the correct way of looking at it though :D
My favorite megastructures are the ones that are built just for the pursuit of knowledge
They're gonna build evangelions
Which is why they're building a Geo Front.
It’s always worth it to study the universe as discoveries often happen when least expect them
Fresh clean water for super ramen soup 🍲
Wow, the Japanese are fast and efficient. Innovative too! A particle collider is a far bigger expense and this seems better!
Havent watched the video yet but im calling it: neutrinos
Sounds like a new hip nite spot
Hey come try out the bacardi shot shot shots at the neutrinos place
Salsa
Pit bull guest appearance
Neutrinos
The Japenese are always doing some cool stuff
Hello Kitty hideout
Wow! Thank you!
What blew my mind here is how sensitive the sensors are " It can detect torch been used in the Moon"
I screamed 😮
you hiding something up there?
Japan has been doing this for years. It is nothing new, just that Japan has the brains to do it.
6:52 i wanna live here! 😭😭
That looks like Gokayama (area), Nanto (city), Toyama (prefecture), Japan (country).
@@AndyGneiss such a beautiful place.
I live in Japan and I had NO idea that an insane project such as this is being built
@@VS257 I live outside Japan, but knew about the super kamiokande of Japan that detected neutrino oscillation, and 2015 Nobel prize in physics won by a Japanese scientist for it. That was 2nd Nobel prize awarded for working in super kamiokande. But never knew its hyper version is being built.
Thank you Fred!
1:31 Yay my shot of CERN (CMS) made it to the B1M!
Mind Blowing
WHAT HAVE THE ROMANS EVER DONE FOR US HEY?
Lol! Best comment!
@@H53. Indeed. What did I mean? What did they mean? What DID the Romans ever do for us? Really makes you think. How often do you think about the fall of Rome old boy?
I'M BRAIN AND MY WIFE IS BRAIN TOO!
I don’t know but Tim Berners Lee definitely did NOT come up with the means to share this video.
He made the earliest version of the web fairly quickly on his Mac. (Not the internet.) The web is simply a protocol for sharing info, sort of like Google Docs is, but simpler. There were other competitors to the web, as well.
The critical part was the INTERNET, which Lee was not a part of. That took decades and teams of scientists and universities and DARPA coordinated it all using massive sums of government money and resources.
Easy to get this confused when England is obsessed with how their citizen Lee created the web… while never mentioning their cousin, the USA, actually created the internet.
This is SPARTA
It's pretty ironic that to detect the smallest particles in the universe, you need the worlds biggest room.
_Insert Conspiracy Theory Here_
It's for when water supply goes low in a few years 😊
It's to hide Godzilla there
It looks like how the pyramids were built from the inside
The neutrino is the is the center of gravity of a 5th dimensional entity traveling freely thru the universe, and cern is trying to collect and harness the unlimited power but will just end up creating a black hole.🤯🤯😂
Guys listen I feel like I've figured out how to evolve animals into true thinkers like us. We just need to all as a human species only server animals cooked food like we did as dumb cavemen and eventually their brains will be rewired and eventually evolve to have more complex thought. 😮😮😮
There are many different neutrino observatories functioning across the world.. The IceCube in Antarctica is another particularly interesting one. There is a lot of information about these devices on wikipedia for those who are interested.
When I saw the title I thought to myself "The Japanese do what the Japanese do, we do not question the Japanese"
Thank you.
Looks like a next Bioshock plot. The city in a mountain.
When did B1M finally go 4k? I like the upgrade!
Alright who's here from 3 Body Problem
Looks just like the project from 3 body problem
😂 I was watching it's, when I saw a scene of this and remember watching this documentary about it but I can't remember what it was called
What’s that ?
Me🎉🎉
Nah mate, I watch this kind of stuff all the time; basic recomend
coolest project i have seen in a while
How can I sign up for regular updates about this. This is very interesting!
The Super-Kamiokande is so beautiful looking despite being just a big test tank.
They have one in Sudbury Canada
Interesting. Thanks.
🙏🙏 Thanks for the information
Make sure when you create the tunnel you make it to where people can walk on it on both sides to get from vehicle/train. Also make it big enough to let rescue crews be able to move freely and turn around in cave with their vehicles to avoid having to shut cave down due to dangerous hazards. Also make sure you have a two way strip inside because of traffic flow being blocked on one side could cause horrible delays and angry people. Also put a slow speed limit so if someone wrecks it doesn’t do much damage to the people in the cave, the vehicle driven, and the cave itself. Just a little tip or too you probably are aware of.
Fred please continue this as a science based construction series. A few examples being LIGO/VIRGO, ICECUBE, DUNE and ITER. All huge and complicated construction projects in the name of science.
Interesting and Informative.. Thank you💫
This is amazing
Amazing 😮
At one night in 1974 a young Harvard physicist was playing with a mathematics known to be Lie algebra. With surprise he discovered a way to unify all the particle physics in terms of a beautiful mathematical framework. The model he discovered called SU(5) Grand Unified Theory and if it is correct proton should undergo decay. One of the purpose of this giant water tank is to detect that decay. Now its time to wait to see what it can discover.
5:15 Water so pure it can dissolve metal? What is the tank lined with?
You talked about the water being clean and also talked about the way a neutron is observed indirectly by striking an electron.
Since this is the case. Wouldn't be better to use something like saltwater as there are more electrons in that than pure water?
Already a lot of neutrons but with more electrons you have more collisions and therefore more to observe.
The water needs to be ultra pure because even the tiniest amount of radioactive stuff dissolved in the water would swamp the measurements with noise. Would be stupid to go deep into a mountain to get rid of all radiation only to then bring it into the tank with the water. The part about "dissolving metal" is BS, probably a mistranslation.
Too many things in this video that blow my mind. 🤯
Tajikistan 🇹🇯 ❤
I wonder what were the precautions taken against earthquakes since Japan is so vulnerable
Japanese know how to build quake resistant buildings Im sure they thought of everything,, see NHK Tokyo sky tree construction for example
The 6:30 claim that it needs to withstand the massive pressure from all the water, it doesn’t work like that. It only needs to work against 70 meter water column so that’s roughly 7 bar