Why the Big Bang Definitely Happened | Space Time | PBS Digital Studios
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 พ.ค. 2024
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We pretty much know for sure that the universe was once extremely small, and extremely hot. And we know that something set it in motion, expanding rapidly and continuing to do-so today. But the actual moment of ‘the Big Bang’ is still a bit of a grey area within physics. The theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics disagree on this pivotal “beginning of time,” and physicists continue to search for an all-encompassing theory to unify the study of our universe. On this week’s Space Time, we begin to discuss the current state of the Big Bang Theory, and where it could go from here.
FURTHER READING:
Overview of Big Bang theory
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
Timeline of the Big Bang
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronol...
MinutePhysics made a truly superb video on what the Big Bang really is:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3MWR...
Kurzgesagt does a great job describing some of the events of the very early universe:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNDGg...
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COMMENTS:
Brendon Binns
• LIGO's First Detection...
David Mulyk
• LIGO's First Detection...
John Proctor
• LIGO's First Detection...
Lawrence Stanley
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gw-i_...
______________________
Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)
His answer to the last question, the "so what" question, was so great. I love when people are like "who cares about (insert scientific discovery here), it doesn't impact me in "the real world,"" when all scientific discoveries end up opening doors to other discoveries, that end up leading to others, which end up making smart phones possible, for example. I'm looking at you, quantum physics lol, you have my gratitude.
All scientific discoveries matter in the grand scheme of human understanding, but if you only care about what it can do for you, then chill, the discoveries trickle down to material things, such as smartphones, as I previously stated. Can you imagine not having your smartphone? Well thanks to our discoveries in the field of quantum physics, smartphones are now a thing.
Chill with the smartphones buddy haha, they’re a cancer on humanity
completely agree i am personally grateful and extremely fascinated by space, science, physics, chemistry, scientific theories and the list is just endless. im kind of dissapointed to have few people to talk about the reasoning for the big bang being incorrect or correct and other scientific theories. all in all, science is underrated
@@spursfan7134 Because no one sees these things, my friend, have you ever seen a star explode before, my friend?
@@user-xu9ji4dd4e I see the Sun explode every day
Who cares about the Big Bang theory it doesn’t impact me in the real world
11:59, the most beautiful words I have heard in years.
"What a beautiful song, I will be humming it to my self with the other nerds as these observations grant a stunning insights into the fundamental nature of spacetime. I will still appreciate the impractical beauty, after those insights allow me to ride my inflaton powered antigravity warpship to the stars. At that point I will not be so worried about the price of gas."
@Aeternalis Armentarius No heavier than air object is capable of flying. If God had wanted humans could fly, he would have given them wings. Keep repeating yourself that, together with: diseases are caused by bad air, bite a bullet while your leg is amputated due an exposed fracture, pregnancy is the obligatory consequence of sex, the Earth is flat...
@@MariaMartinez-researcher i hope u don t mean these
When he said that, in my head I was like "myyy man"
Expanding faster than light is a lie. Space was there before the Big Bang as we can see from the expansion of matter in space. The observed expansion rate of the universe was slower (68 Mpc - Hubble Tension) than the current (73 Mpc) expansion rate. Dark Energy is just a slow process that gains space into the observable universe. It is very likely that Dark Energy couldn't make an expand faster than light, and then reduce it in the middle. If scientists say that the expansion of the universe will continue forever because of the current expansion rate, then they should accept that the expansion rate of the universe could be slower than the current expansion rate earlier because the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation showed a slow expansion rate. According to scientists, the inflationary Big Bang should make Monopole particles separately. But scientists couldn't find Monopole particles. And there were a lot of empty areas between matter areas. And the universe was flat and it couldn't emerge from a curved singularity. Likely, a lot of energy collisions filled an area (center) of the universe after the contraction of the previous universe. Probably, scientists hide details that falsify the standard model of cosmology. If accelerated particles (energies) are exchanged from one side of the universe to another side of the universe between the center, then they could touch each other when there are a lot of accelerated particles in very distant areas. So the temperature of each side of the universe could be somewhat similar after the crossover of energy from one side to another.
whoever tf animated this deserves an award
The same people that animate all of these pictures of space and these fake NASA missions
Yes
@@tobeforgottenisworsethande8995 watch every one of his videos and try to say the same thing again.
Thanks 🙏
Dude, it's not animated. Queen Elixabeth filmed it all
The story of discoveries about the nature and physical laws of our universe sounds like any group of people putting together a jigsaw puzzle piece by piece. Figuring out where the next piece fits, how it relates to the other pieces, what the final picture looks like.
That was such an epic burn at the end, PBS Space Time, I think the excess heat may have just created another baby universe.
sick double bern bro
+Jared Tami stop
+boo Jay Yes it will be a great day when we can stop our fascination with little shinny pretty metals and rocks, beating each other with ever bigger sticks and toys, and really go outside and play in the yard instead of being trapped in momma's pak-n-play; wondrous as it is. Then too momma can stop being sick from all the gas fumes.
Top comment please :)
That guy who was talking about the discovery of waves are meaningless is just straight up delusional. It is with the discoveries that seem meaningless that has brought almost if not all of technology today. A person that can't see the importance of scientific discovery is just really sad.
completely agree with you!
ditto. people tend to dismiss what they can't comprehend.
"It remains just a song that nerds sing to their kids at night."
So were quantum mechanics and semiconductors 60 years ago.
And now semiconductors are being put to work lowering the cost of borrowing money, and thus probably also the cost of gas. Fundamental research has absolutely no use at all, until it does.
Except it has no use until capitalism gets overthrown, because until then it's just the worst members of society making irrational, egoistic decisions for everyone else.
@@bacicinvatteneaca It's in fact mostly mediocre members of society making some good and some bad decisions for everyone else. And it happens in most societies, regardless of whether they are capitalistic or not. In fact it's only in non-capitalistic societies that you might indeed find the worst members making irrational, egoistic decisions for everyone else.
The singularity is not something we are confident about but the low entropy state of the early universe is something we can be confident about.
Brilliant response to those whose horizons are limited to the price of beans.
+Acleron The price of beans is of vital importance to our society, if you dare disagree i will raise the price of beans
+mbanana23456 I possess a priceless magic bean. For the use of your cow I will GIVE you this bean. It will give you unlimited horizons, and also immortality, for you will be celebrated in song and mirth forevermore.
+mbanana23456 jokes on you, never liked beans anyway
In response to the comment about this being irrelevant to the average person: not necessarily true. When Einstein came up with special relativity, it was much like this -- a "song" -- but it led to, many years later, the technology of GPS which is used by almost everyone around the world. That is the beauty of science! Our basic human nature is to question and explore what we think we know about the universe, then apply it to create technology which enhances our lives.
lasso atrain
I think Einstein's theory of relativity was intended as a joke but somebody gave Einstein praise for it and all the other followers signed on.the math doesn't make sense .light radiates in all directions so that over an area it creates an arc. Light creates a circle the source is the center . So that to square it's speed is not possible because you can not square a circle and any formula or equation or what have you derived by a circle does not apply to a square and visa versa. If you have ever explored squaring a circle you would undetstand that a circle and a square are not related numbers related to squares are not applicable for circles . The speed of light is derived from a circle .The theory should use pi if anything. To square the speed implys an area .that's what square is a side times it's self and there for is the area if a square .light travels in all directions making a circle the area of the square does not fit in the circle .If you use 1 second of light it makes a circle with the radius of 186,000 miles if you square 1 second of light the light would fall short of reaching the corner of the square .The equation does not describe anything relative to the speed of light. Simple proof take two lines 4 inches long take one of the lined and make a circle so it's circumfrance would be 4 inches . Now take the other line and make a square so it's perimeter is 4 inches. Now calculate the area within. The square is 1 inch .a 4 inch line made into a square would have sides 1 inch long the area length x width
1 x 1 = 1 square inch
The circle has a circumfrance of 4. Inched its area works out to 1.2732 where the square is only 1w inch. The square of the speed of light has no relationship to light. Yes I know we put a man in the moon and they have proven it us correct but even Einstein said one day someone is going to find out he was wrong.
@@lassoatrain "light radiates in all directions so that over an area it creates an arc. Light creates a circle the source is the center "
You're mistaking a light source for light itself.
Light, otherwise known as a photon, is a type of particle and travels in a straight line, therefore most of the math you've brought up is unrelated.
I realize I must be wrong or one of you genisis would had already called a foul. You don't understand that light any part if light like any math, equation , calculation, derivative applied to a circle must originate from a circle .if it was a product that derives from a square it is not possible to apply it to a circle and hope it to be accurate. And visa versa. It is a proven s science . The ray traveling in a straight line is not really a straight line it is more a cord since it is a product of a circle and time is what makes it a circle.. all radiating out from the source at the same time but from an ark . It's hopeless to explain unless you have explored squaring the circle
Simple take two 4 inch lines and make a square out of 1 of the lines or would have sides 1 inch long .a 1inch square 1x1 = 1 square inch
Take the other line that is 4 inches long and make a circle calculate the area of a circle with a 4 inch circumference. They are not the same .It don't matter what is relative the math from a square can not apply to a photon because the energy that light carries is generated from a circle . Light radiates in all directions and it doesn't matter if only a pin hole is allowing light to escape one photon at a time it is still derived from a. Circle but I must be wrong with so many geniuses being correct. But still even though they all deserve a pat on the back from one another not one of them can explain the missing mass.
@@lassoatrain
The speed of light is a velocity.
A measurement of Distance over Time, circles have nothing to do with it.
The shape of an object in motion is irrelevant to its measured velocity, it will still traverse a specific linear distance over a specific duration of time.
I am sorry if I sound like a jerk .I'm working on that first chance I get . Don't hold me to it though I can't promise anything at the present time .But I will keep it in the back ground somewhere. :)
I learned what the definition of scientific theorly and hypothesis were when I was in 7th grade science class. Why is it that so many people don't seem to understand what a scientific theory is and think it is just some kind of wild guless? They can't all be home schooled.
they can all have limited access to proper education or just be ignorant. Remember, the longer and well polished your argument is, the more will people tend to just go "lol no"
To Quote a wise man by the name of Frank:
"In this day and age of the internet, ignorance is a choice. And they're still choosing ignorance"
Lol "A theory can never be proven, but must be "testable" through observation or experimentation", so tell me, how tf can we "observe and experiment" on somthing like space eventhough we have NEVER been there in 1931 when the big bang theory was first discovered? Because George's was going off of Albert Einsteins laws of gravitation, and for this "big bang theory" to even be remotely true, einsteins theories MUST be 100% accurate, and its not. Maybe you people are the delusional ones thinkin this big bang theory actually happened even though there is 0 evidence to even support that theory 🤣 thats why its still a theory after YEARS "studying" lol "theory" "scientic theory" doesn't matter, KEY word, THEORY lol as long as that word is involved, nobody will fully believe that bs lol
In the case of the big band theorly it is a guless because it's not a fact. I guess you're 7th grade English was as good as you're 7th grade science
Really!??? Home schooled ??? Who has been winning the spelling Bee's and scoring the highest on the SAT's??? Maybe if you didn't have a public education your comments wouldn't be so ignorant......
The part at 5:26 is really understated and masterfully done. I slowed down the video to get a better look at the incredible visual representation of the formation of the whole universe, and incidentally heard how well his audio lines up with the meaningful events in the animation. Really well done +PBS Space Time
Woah, throwing major fire at that last comment.
+systempatcher yeah for real, no idea matt was such a savage
threw fire at the comment, threw the comment into a raging star, threw the star into a blackhole. And I enjoyed every second of it, I'll be singing that song all week.
My admiration for these videos is only compounded by the fact that they trained a werewolf to present them.
This is easily the greatest (pop)physics channel on TH-cam and, for all we know, the entire universe.
"I won't be so worried about the price of gas."
OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Sick burn at the end dude.
Irritating for people who think so narrow mindedness.
If wasn't for research, they would be complaining how does messing with materials help me plant crops or feed the cattle, instead of the presently mind numbing concern about gasoline prices and idiot construct of an economic system that puts ironically puts them in to debt in a way renting yet convincing them they own it thus must maintain it.
As for gasoline price or price of energy, such numb skulls should be demanding their government create an Apollo project to develop ITER and Wendelstein 7x like projects.
But instead they demand tax breaks for oligarchs and their apple cart corporations to then get urinated on by the same, and then demand to have a military that has the scope as if we're already fighting 100 world wars at once during peacetime.
You should have dropped the mic @ the end bro LMAO! Yeah Heinrich Thurston, to a crisp!
Yeah, cretins like gas guy are what's wrong with this planet right now. Science could easily had been a few centuries into the future by now if not for influence of types like him through the history :(
@@jmitterii2
What the fucking Huh?
All these athesits attacking religon for no reason. What a sad life yall live, and an even sadder one in hell
We've waited 14 billion years already and now you're gonna make us wait one more week? Gah!
I think one point of scientific research that people sometimes miss is that just because it might not have a direct relevance to people now, doesn't mean that it won't be relevant at some point. Scientific discovery can lead to things or concepts that people would have no concept of without the science first being discovered. That's one reason why it's so important to fund and preserve scientific research
It took the universe 13,8 billion years to create Matt's alpha power stance.
HUGE props to the video editing and effects team/person. Visually descriptive and interesting, but never distracting. Pretty much perfect!
Beautiful editing, something often overlooked
Hats off to the fantastic video editing in this particular episode!
Two questions:
1) how do we know that red shifting is caused by expansion and not due to the light loosing energy over the massive distances it is travelling. If e=hf then f=e/h, ie if the light looses energy then it would also decrease the frequency. Perhaps light travelling in the vacuum of space is not "unimpeded" but actually faces "friction" ie "bumping" into the quantum particles that pop into existence briefly even in a vacuum.
2) how do we know the small differences in the CMB are not due to the microwaves being "blocked" from our perspective by things like gas clouds or something more opaque to microwaves?
The light wont loose energy because its is travelling in a vacuum right? There is nothing in space which can cause the light to lose energy..if any please spot..because i am unaware of it.
We'd be able to measure this decrease in light energy on the Earth, since we are literally millions of miles closer to the sun in early January compared to early July. We'd also be able to measure these via any of the myriad space probes which have been MUCH closer to the sun and much farther away than we are.
Finally, we DO see some things non-red-shifted, like Andromeda. Andromeda is millions of light years away, and is blue shifted. It's heading toward us.
Because it is assumed that the laws today have been the very same across the magnificent changes that occurred in the past...
If the universe has a gravitational field then distant galaxies look reddish since their light looses more frequency according to more distance light has to travel against the cosmic gravitational field (see pioneer anomaly ). Thus no expansion is needed.
You seem to be assuming that the gravitational field is getting stronger in proportion to how far away from US you look. Ignoring the fact that that's inside-out from how the gravity we know works, and the observation that this would actually mean gravity was getting stronger as you go back in time MUCH too fast to NOT be detectable over the course of a year or two, today, that's an assumption that's way huger than the one saying the universe is expanding.
Also, if gravity WERE increasing as you go back in time, stars much earlier than us WOULD NOT WORK, and black holes from early times would be WAY more common than galaxies. Think about that...
--Dave, the physicists have thought about this and already rejected it because it doesn't agree with observation, in other words
"Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds." -Albert Einstein
I feel sad for people that always need to find immediate practical applications for things like the gravitational wave confirmation. Sometimes, just staring at the stars, looking at the Hubbles deep field image or smelling a flower is so profoundly meaningful, so moving, I don't care that it doesn't pay the bills. Why? Because for those moments, the bills don't matter. Nothing matters but the beauty of it all.
The beauty of something is determined by the perspective of the viewer, to some it may be looking into space or smelling a flower, to others it may be helping the world or finding use from the odd or new
Bills in comparison to the existence of the universe are completely irrelevant. Bills are a human construct. The universe is so much more vast and beyond that. Beyond us
What is life that if not a profound experience? An adventure of all adventures. Full of wonder and strife, beauty and dread. Light and dark.
Maybe all the answers are pointless.
To me science is just like religion. Both have a very useful function but theories and beliefs are the same thing. Little pieces of truth surrounded by imagination and presumptions. JMO
How you paying for your internet? Ho do you get around? I assume gas powered transportation🤷🏻
As long as people are struggling to survive in this world still Full of opression, you not gonna say this people to shut up
Simply super great! I would like to be as clear and impressive in my explanations! Thank you!!
A great way to end the video! At the same time, I need to admit that these videos and concepts, while magnetically attracting my brain, are also cooking it 🤯 so many concepts I don't know/feel beyond my grasp
Am I the only one who always sees the world map in that? 5:23
Right one is africa-eurasia and the center one is Americas.
And I think that's Cthulu in the South Pacific. Illuminati confirmed?
lol
+براہمداغ OMG I was totally thinking that when I was watching the video. I think there is a name for that 'condition': Pareidolia
That might be some kind of pareidolia..
Earth Map is of a sphere with land patches flattened out
the CMBR is also a map of a spherical universe with patches
also, the choice of blue on either maps (for water and temperature) could lead to such an illusion
I had EXACTLY the same thought. Even down to the colouration of blues for the oceans and the yellow/orange gives the colour of an arid landscape.
Just a coincidence though right? ;)
well thats just a theory, a Big Bang Theory. thanks for watching
+wowcat instantly disliked
see what you did there. funny.
+FireShell7 no, instantly truth!
+wowcat lol
I love how he finally described what a scientific theory entails versus the colloquial usage of it.
Also, yay game theory!
baboonga
a 20 minute process in the universe is a mind blower
I really loved the *inflaton powered anti-gravity warpship* thing 😅😂🖐️💯
I'd like to think that the universe is just one among an infinite number of universes. Multiverse FTW.
....then prove it....
Quanta Block Theory postulates that we live in one singular universe comprised of infinite realities within one finite system. Like a layered block with infinite parallel lines forming a lattice, with dark matter being massive in expected scale due to its containing the vastness of cosmic information within our universe.
In response to the last comment you read; there's already a long list of things this could hypothetically be used for, among other things some say its possible it will replace radio waves in the future, which basically means we'll all have wifi that can move through walls, entire houses and even the earth itself.
OMG......those last lines......you nailed it
Had no clue this channel exists! Great video, love the PBS content
7:58 "How can we be so CONFIDENCE" Ahhhh!
Roads? Where we're going we don't need roads.
incredible channel.. and i just loved that last 10 secs :)
1:45 The red shift is not irrefutable evidence of expansion. Its just generally accepted. it could easily be caused by some other factor that causes light to redshift over long distances e.g. quantum decoupling of the wave energy.
There many other avenues that provides confirmation of red shift based on distance and expansion. It is not just a simple postulate.
@@robertspence7766 I'm not arguing that redshift doesn't occur. I'm postulating that the reason it is occuring may not be entirely due to expansion and the doppler effect. e.g. Photons may not be fully understood. Perhaps they lose energy as they travel through space due to some effect other than expansion and scientists are confirming expansion by measuring the redshift and erronsously assuming a begets b begets a. " We know the universe is expanding because redshift is caused entirely and only by expansion and we see redshift. ". When in fact if red shift is not caused entirely and only by expansion, then measuring redshift will give an inacurate figure for expansion
Great video BTW. I like that you guys have added the floor
who likes these videos even before you watch them
+Chase Carter I got about halfway through...
Your response to that last "comment" was absolutely beautiful...Bravo.:D
I remember when I was a young lad of 10^(-32) seconds. Now I'm an old man of 10^(-30) seconds.
Nothing else new or interesting will happen in my life.
-- said the universe.
The Ultimate Reductionist .
My infinite and one universe shattered forever by finite poetic creatures and gullible scientist and their big bang Priest.
@@EinsteinKnowedIt preist🤣
@@bamb8s436Correction. I'm your personal high Priest
The one thing I never quite understood with the big bang (and where my GR class ended) is the explanation of the extreme inflation from a point of extreme density. The energy density must have been so large that the entire universe should have been a black hole. Then why would it find a way to expand? Does it mean black holes could do the same and decide that bending space-time that much is not so fun afterall and expand (from their point of view)? If so, could it mean that the region space-time within each black hole is a new universe that cannot be accessed from ours?
In other words, what's the difference, in general relativity, between the early universe and a black hole?
GREAT QUESTION: I have this same Question in my head for the past 1 year. This is one reason I believe inflation theory is wrong. But until someone finds a better theory we have to work with this idea. Anotther angle. If the cosmological constant makes the universe expand then did it cause inflation. Well if it did then it could not be 'constant' this is why i think even the so called cosological constant is not a constant. But again we have no better theory or even any observations to contradict this directly. The one clue we have is super nova of stars. when a star collapses under its gravity it shoudl become a white dwarf, nuetron star or blackhole. Why then do they explode to form super nova. An explanation i saw in another video is that it is due to neutrinos that form decay of nuetrons / proton (?) that results in explosive force. Then perhaps this mechanism holds the key to what happened at the time of the so called inflation or what caused an explosion of what should have been or become a black hole.
That last answer was epic! Epic!
"In the pahst, people were rigid and dogmatic, unwilling to consider they might be wrong about something fundamental. But today,
nothing has changed."
XD nice one
Scientist are more rigid and dogmatic and in love with their minds creation than ever! Irony wasted.
The big bang word may not be proper, I suspect it came about because of the expansion, it gives the impression some explosion is causing the expansion. Another video says space is what is really expanding, even beyond light speed beyond some event horizon. It's hard maybe impossible to determine local galaxy motion of billions of light years away and if the matter we see was flung out from a central point or if we are just seeing expanding space we see.
@@tensevo I know many scientists who are rigid, but not a single one who is dogmatic. Many of them won't even feel uneasy when your conclusions contradict their assumptions, as long as your methods are valid.
@@lonestarr1490 Because then it's seen as 'something we know more about now', rather than 'something which disagrees with our belief'. The difference is subtle but very important.
Space is like understanding art. Sometimes Art is ahead of what is needed to understand the “real world” and be of practical use.
Oh i so loved how he answered the gentleman who said this knowledge is impractical..
I am more appreciative of these Space Time videos than I can express. It's the next best thing to having Carl Sagan back again! (BTW, you should follow his example and get some beautiful music to accompany your videos.) There are many entertaining and mind-blowing videos about Relativity or Quantum Mechanics, but few actually deepen the real understanding of the average intelligent and well-informed viewer. Many of yours do! Thank you! (I do not wish to give the impression that this _particular_ video deepened my understanding much. It didn't. But it was still informative and enjoyable. I'm glad I saw it, and I thank you for it.)
My question is not highly pertinent to this particular video, but I think that it is important. I read in some authoritative text that, though we typically think of quantum wave functions being collapsed by observations, which are inherently mental, the reality is that such collapses are routinely caused by the development of entirely non-mental conditions. As I recall, we purportedly know this because we have instruments which are capable, on their own, of taking measurements that involve the collapses of quantum wave functions. (I imagine that any measurement of an elementary particle would be such a measurement. It would be interesting to try to figure out what kinds of measurements do _not_ involve such a collapse.)
However, this seems at best to beg the question. Suppose I examine such an instrument and find a record of a supposedly wave-collapsing measurement of a particle at 17:00 yesterday. How can I know it was not the case that, until I observed the record, the instrument and the particle were in joint superposition, in each component of which the instrument recorded that the particle was in a different state? (Actually, it would seems that, in some tiny minority of the components of the joint superposition, the instrument was unable to record the state of the particle, e.g., due to the two objects being too far apart.) Indeed, to me this seems the much more natural interpretation of my observation, given the general principle that unobserved particles are in superposition.
This leads to a less important but still interesting question, though it may not be answerable at this point in the history of science. When one observes a macroscopic object (e.g., a scientific instrument), what determines which of its particles have their wave functions collapsed?
Thank you very much for giving attention to my enquiry.
James Arthur Watson
Buckeye Lake, OH
Ohio State University
Incredibly interesting video's! Very very very well done! Thanks! Although my highschool teacher would point out that you should say "Kelvin" and not "degrees Kelvin", but I'm not such a nitpicker 😁
Thanks! I'm learning something more about this subject. I really need to watch more videos on here. ;) Will browse through them ALL later on. Got no rush.. awesome fucking channel. Go science!
Apply cold water to the burned area on Lawrence Stanley.
I was pleased at how he essentiality said 'hey LS, what you worry about is trivial, stop talking.'
+Thyrne excuse my ignorance but who is that?
+Erick Capitanio it's the last featured comment's username of the person who said this discovery didn't matter.
+Erick Capitanio Just some random TH-cam commenter.
i was just about to go to sleep, and thwn i saw you ipload this a minute ago, thanks...
I came across this video... And you have gained one more subscriber now.. nice content man
I love the way you explain things. If speaking from your own knowledge, I would love to get you to discuss the reason you think redshift for light is the same as for sound. There are plenty of reasons to suspect the redshift has little to do with acceleration or speed and more to do with the effect of compressed plasma. It is a demonstrable effect and can even be "seen" on cosmic scales.
But that's just a theory... a space theory!
+Icewind007 Give a better one then.
+Icewind007 Give a better one then.
***** What theory? I'm really out of the course here. :
+gatolocoses of all the things, the last thing I expected would be a game/film theory reference.
***** Oh, ok, my bad.
OK so this may be a silly question, but if the universe is expanding in the sense that space itself is being stretched, why is the matter (stars, atoms, humans) not also being stretched due to this expansion?
My guess would be because of the four fundamental forces (although Gravity is now a distortion of space time) that holds matter together. While the absent of matter (space) is expanding.
+ElectroMechaCat Not a silly question at all! The answer is that, while space is expanding on the largest scales of the universe so that distant galaxies appear to be moving apart from each other, it is NOT expanding within gravitationally bound object like galaxies, or even clusters of galaxies. In a sense galaxies do hold themselves together gravitationally to resist this expansion, but that same gravity actually changes the shape of space and stops the expansion within these galaxies.
+PBS Space Time Is it not more correct to say that it IS expanding but the scale of the expansion is so small relative to the gravity within say a person's body, that the new space is not noticed because the mass collapses in on the new space faster than the space can separate the individual bits of the mass. On larger scales this is no longer true since the gravity between galaxies is insufficient to compensate for the expansion, and also because the magnitude of expanded space between 2 points is dependent on the distance between them, which makes it even harder for gravity to compensate since the expansion is greater while gravity is weaker, on large scales.
+PBS Space Time So is the idea that eons into the future, intelligent beings would not be able to see neighboring galaxies false? They would be able to see galaxies in their home clusters but not further beyond? And to the 'nerdy song' guy, they said the same thing about the electrons and photons you used to send that message.
+ElectroMechaCat
1. The stretching is only noticeable at great distances... even on the scale of the solar system it is not a measurable phenomenon.
2. Matter is not attached to space, it can easily move through space.
3. Since the forces holding things together isn't changing and is more than strong enough to counteract this tiny stretching.
Imagine two toy boats in a tub. If you pour water in between them they will move apart. But if they are attached by a string, they will not. The string is much stronger than the current trying to pull them apart.
This is the best video on big bang theory for beginners.
Awesome video. I realise that gravitational-wave detection is still quite a new area but I wonder if there is any correlation between distance-from-earth and the frequncy of black hole mergers, as this may give some indication of where space is more densely populated by black holes? Also in the future it would be nice to take these measurements from a distant satellite and compare to see if there is any relativistic aspect at play in relation to where and how often we measure the gravitational effects of black hole mergers, but this is probably a long way off...
Every time I hear "just a theory" I just wanna slap the person saying it.
It's just fitting the data and programming the installations to the desired outcome.
crackerwv yea its getting annoying i mean i like learning science But Learning Theories -.- Ugh!!
I mean thats just People THOUGHTS nothing more Than THOUGHTS!
And like even Their "Great" scientist ( Stephen Hawking ) once said that There was NOTHING before
" the Big Bang " So how could've be that Possible
If people arent dumb enough They should know that NOTHINGNESS CANT create life
This so called " Scientist " are just dumb -.- wait not dumb But IGNORANTs
And like "Evolution" ? LOL
Bruh Are they dumb?
Not sure if the apparent idiots are just trolling or are legitimate idiots... :(
crackerwv shut up idiot, no one believes space sex ever happened, and as far as the "spinning ball" part goes well then I can't help you kiddo go to a psychiatrist I have seen the curve with my own eyes. There is no doubt it is a ball. Your pressure density and buoyancy are not forces (except buoyancy which is actually a result of gravity) .
And finally, not only your luminiferous ether can disproven in a thousand other ways, but luminiferous ether also disproves your flat earth, infact it disproves any model with a day/night cycle. So have good time dealing with your retardation, you have no proof that the earth isn't spinning.
can you show me a working 24 hour day/night cycle please? I have asked many flat-earthers but none of them could provide me with one.
My ADD makes watching these videos so hard xD
same
+Hunter Roberts i may have add too, i stopped three or more times when watching the video
+Hunter Roberts
Your ADD makes what?
+Hunter Roberts
Sorry, I have read the rest just now, yeah watching the video is cool.
+Hunter Roberts
I disagree, the videos are not so hard.
Loved the final comments regarding the price of gas!
To the person that complained about the observation of gravitational waves as merely a song sung by nerds: Nearly every convenience, efficiency, and optimization of your modern life was once just a twinkle in a nerd's imaginative eye. Cell phones, cars, planes, computers, TH-cam... these things were imagined and carried from theory through applied science and made reality through the persist efforts of nerds throughout time. But you probably already knew that if you're watching PBS Space Time on TH-cam.
For my part, I believe gravity technology--machines that harness the power of gravity directly--are the next great discovery of human science. It is literally the main problem keeping us trapped on our own planet. Once the critical mental leaps are made, the conceptual picture clarified, and the numbers crunched, look out. Mining asteroids, vacation trips around our solar system, even interstellar travel may become commonplace. So it's a song worth singing, if only to inspire us.
Next time can we talk about the cosmological principle and how things like the Great GRB Wall are calling into question the homogeneity of the universe?
I think the implications of our idea being possibly wrong that the universe is homogeneous on the largest scale would be a pretty good topic!
If space is expanding, and space is inseparable from time, wouldn't that mean that time is expanding too? If that's the case, how can we predict that primordial nucleosynthesis proceeded for "around 20 minutes"? How do we measure 20 minutes in the context of a universe that's exactly 20 minutes old? Wouldn't 20 minutes qualify as _forever_ during that period?
I hope he responds to you question
+Ryan MacFarlane Spacetime is measured by the geodesic bro.
I think if u apply Einstein's theory of relativity , we can show that time has evolved as well....as in..the very second now.. wasnt the same second back then...therefore that 20 minutes....should be multiplied by great numbers....to estimate what 20 minutes was back then in comparison to our 20 min now.
+Ryan MacFarlane Actually, time contracts as one gets older.
+Ryan MacFarlane Well the thing is, in a very large universe we can more easily observe time dilation because there are somewhat flat parts of spacetime between very large bodies and then extreme curvature of spacetime near and around those bodies. But if we take all the matter and shove it into a very small universe, all spacetime in that universe would probably experience about the same curvature, meaning that relative to any point, time and space are related about the same. Now due to the extreme curvature, that 20 minutes would probably be a lot longer to us, but I assume Matt means 20 minutes relative to all the stuff in that tiny universe, not to people existing on a planet billions of years in the future.
I experience massive expansion in my Jim Jams
Last response to viewer at the end of the video... I think it’s spelt W-R-E-K-T 😂😭😂
Nice burn at the end. :)
this makes me want to study 14 years to research in physics. Thats insane, I hate working... how did u...
+Emile Locas Go for it, mate. Do your best in math class or you'll be pondering the thermodynamics of a factory oven while packing goods at a conveyor belt, like me.
I do quite enjoy physical labor, though :).
Firefox is red, Explorer is blue. Google+ sucks and Chrome does too. I'm pretty good in math. but science right now is learning shit by heart, but idiot booring shit. so i dont know em XD
ill try m8. I wont do for you
7:30 "How can we be so confidence?"
Technological developments made for the sake of easier space exploration have also directly given us improvements here on the ground. Things such as medical science and treatment breakthroughs, better and cheaper building materials and processes, improvements in transportation technology and energy recycling, huge improvements in computer tech, etc. What we've done to go to and survive in space has helped everyone here on earth too from the very beginning.
Another great video. Thanks!
Hello Matt and PBS Space time. I have a question for your video on the edge of the universe. Is it true that a flat universe can be closed and simply connected, i.e. finite but infinitely repeating? As I undertand the geometry of certain tori (plural of torus), they can be flat in the sense that straight lines remain parallel without diverging or converging and form closed circles. If that is true, can any test distinguish between an infinite flat universe and a closed and simply connected flat universe?
The question that currently comes to mind is whether or not the innitial size of the universe would've required it be inside/on the other side of a black hole?
I have a question. I'm not an expert on this So I'm sure some people will find this question stupid but you have to ask questions in order to learn.
-So.. to come to this theory, we are told we can just rewind time all the way back to this one single point. I read a study on something called "Time Symmetry." This is where they say 2 objects (in this case they use 2 black holes orbiting each other) will orbit in the exact same way they normally would when you rewind time, just in reverse.
When they add a 3rd black hole, it is a chaotic orbit. If you rewind time in this simulation, the orbits are way different than the original orbit in reverse.
If this is the case and if my understanding of time symmetry is correct, how can we know if everything was correctly traced back to this point?
It's a long question lol but any feedback would be awesome.
That's the 'Three Body Problem' right? So, just because we can't figure out the exact motions in one case of complex orbits doesn't mean we can't calculate where a single object moved. That's all you have to do: take one galaxy at a time. Measure how much the frequency of light has been stretched; and so know it's speed and direction (towards or away only with red shift. Not side to side). A range of galaxies near and far gives rates of expansion at different distances. (Like 70 kilometers per sec per megaparsec [ about 3+ million light years]. So 140 km/s for 2 units away, 210 km/s for 3 units away, ect.
Those black holes, even if 3 are on a complex orbit, will travel with the galaxy they are in. So just measure the speed and direction of that galaxy and rewind the film.
Basically, you don't need a perfect reversal of all matter from an explosion to figure out when it was all clumped up close together initially. If you know the speed and direction of the big pieces you are pretty well set.
One important note: all galaxies are moving away from us due to expansion of space. So you are reversing the direction until the visible universe comes to a point. Without that known fact you'd surely be S.O.L.
As far as not being able to reverse time itself: that's an entropy problem. But were not trying to reverse time in a literal sense, just extrapolate trajectories and speeds in the negative direction (i.e. back to us.) Not sure if that resolves the question, but its my two bits.
@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 damn, that was one of the best responses to a question I've ever had.
That makes sense. Thanks for the response. Also, thanks for a respectful reply. I've had people before with a very negative attitude to a question but you have to ask questions in order to learn. ☺
@@c_money8080 Thank you. I always thought asking questions was the hard part. Thinking you know things is easy. Usually it's those people that have the knee-jerk response. Asking intelligent questions is the highest level of knowledge in my opinion. Thanks for the question.
Is it true that an awesome beard grants superpowers?
yes
I knew it! :)
+bala5984. not true the power don't come from the bead it comes from being awesome enough to grow a beard that op in the first place ;)
+bala5984 Grants supernovas.
bala5984 no it's not the beard it what makes the beard aka op power will rule the world
"i will be humming it to myself, with the other nerds"
When I heard that line I bursted some of the water i was drinking out of my nose, that's how funny it is.
I just had to come back to this video to reassure myself there was intelligent people somewhere in the world...
If that's your goal, don't look at the comments.
Ill be humming it to myself :D youre the best
Fucking slam dunk for science at the end there
Lawrence Stanley done got destroyed.
The bitch got roasted
7:57 "How can we be so confidence". heh
Amazing video and channel tho. 1M sub this year !
Maybe he shouldn't be so confident.
Check this out.
th-cam.com/video/p8lKQMEYYLw/w-d-xo.html
In science, theories and laws often happen in an counter-intuitive way :
In several cases, a law was proposed, verified to apply consistently, THEN, a theory got developed to explain why and how that law did exist.
It's like this :
We note that some phenomenon seems to obey some pattern.
We study that apparent pattern and establish that it is repeatable, making it into a law.
This mean that there is something solid that we don't yet understand and is worth investigating.
After much studies and experiments, someone propose a theory to describe the nature of that law.
The law of gravity is such a case as it precede the theory of gravity.
+PBS Space Time All TH-cam links provided in the description are broken.
The last question pretty much sums up the ignorance (and what may be the downfall) of humanity; too invested in self interests
+TajwarC I think it's good to address that kind of question, though. So many people just ignore science news because they don't see the value of it. We need some of those shallow people to check in and ask such questions from time to time. Then when the answer comes, it'll help educate some folks out there in their short-sighted world.
It also is great for public relations, and helps attract investors. Exploring the frontiers of science isn't cheap.
You both have unconstrained vision. The fact is the average person doesn't need to know or care about any of this, and the world still goes on.
Stuart Morrow still goes on tell the sun expands and burns off life from the planet...
Huh. We'd better browbeat the IQ-100 idiots of the world into caring about SCIENCE!, then. That makes sense. Thanks, Jason.
Univers is Universal !!!! On going création and distruction
LOL @ Lawrence Stanley's comment. Good on... whatever his name is (the newer host) for taking the high road. I myself sometimes cannot be so classy with people such as that, or the other types.
Don't tell Vsauce I love this channel more =P.
To all the people preaching in the comments, and upset with this video because of their own religious biases, here's the reality;
I don't know, and you don't either. Simple as that.
... I don't mean to offend but the second line sounded like a stubborn child.
I get where you are coming from, but before you comment, take 10 sec to think about what you are saying. It might bite you in the future.
Foofu these are a couple comments to others I thought may be interesting for you, no offense if blunt
god is outside of time in an eternal dimension we cannot understand. We simply can’t comprehend it ...yet. Like a blind person from birth trying to understand color. He can’t imagine it until he receives sight. Or a fish trying to imagine what life outside of water is like, it only knows that watery reality like we understand spacetime as linear. But I encourage you to seek the truth and live life as with an eternal purpose. Our life is being recorded in the quantum field of space time. Quantum entangled with the universe, god, and good and evil. There is a place for the righteous and those who live for sin.
it’s easy to blame him for our original sin through the first man. God is outside of time and knows the future already. You are predestined from birth through your own free will. Sadly you sound like you will exist through the rest of eternity in torment glorify the creative being in his just punishment for your willful ignorance. You will never be 100% sure what comes next until you die, never. We’ll see who gets the last laugh. All I know is you’ve been given the choice and choose to be a fool. Fooling yourself
because looking at the universe, life, and existence in general. It’s hard to say it’s all a random cosmic accident. It’s no more likely the universe to have been an accident than be intelligently designed. If I’m wrong it’s fine, if your wrong you burn. Don’t kid yourself, seek the truth with faith.
check out Electric universe
HeatRS God knows ur lost
doueven footnite predestination is real and so is willful ignorance
The ending was just great ....:)
Every beginning is within time and there can't be an effect without cause. This is undeniable logic. How can we combine that with the big bang theory? If we leave logic, we can just as good talk gibberish, if we follow it, there can't be something coming from nothing.
No one said that. Go look at lawrence krauss's speech where he explains how the universe came to be
*Certain* people: Nuh uh, my 4000 year old space manga says thats wrong
6,000* sped
Kelvin in degrees. That's a big no no.
+Peter Rabitt ayyyy I see what you did there
I bet that Lawrence Stanley would write the same "but it's impractical!" comment back when EM waves were discovered, and yet today he is able to send his comment to the whole wide world only because of the EM waves, back then he would have to use postal services!
Love these!
If you're having trouble wrapping your mind around the idea that the entire Universe was once contained in something very small. It might help to think about your own origin. At the moment of your conception you were incredibly tiny literally about the size of this period(.) My point isn't to say the processes are similar, but rather to point out tiny things becoming much bigger things is actually pretty common.
***** "My point isn't to say the processes are similar, but rather to point out tiny things becoming much bigger things is actually pretty common."
😂😂🤣 Humans aren't explosions
... no that isn't a good analogy.
one takes the matter from the parent, which had more matter than the child and was being fed more matter as the 9 months passed.
The big bang's problem is not that it was small, it was the fact that you can't have matte before the big bang unless matter is a 4th-dimensional constant. Good luck explaining that with being pregnant.
MIC DROP
acapellascience 42nd like for you.
I'll never understand why people who claim to not give a shit about something still watch videos about that topic, then take time out of their day to tell everyone how little they care, as did the last commenter that Matt mentioned.
How the Universe Was Made , the show, put a connection between magnetism and the creation of atoms that explains a lot of actions that things in the universe do.