It's great to see you back to getting videos out. This is genuinely one of my favorite series on TH-cam, as it's not every day someone rebuilds their entire car. I mean I guess on TH-cam maybe, but nobody else I'm subscribed to is doing it, and definitely not with your sense of humor. Also, despite never touched a welder in my life, but having seen some people make some absolute snotsplosions on TH-cam, those welds aren't that bad. Excited to see more.
To get the rear cross member lined up in the factory they lined it up with the Solihull-Stonehenge Ley Line and it was welded in place by Welsh Virgins. I think you did very well considering....
There’s nothing in this world I respect more than a guy going balls deep into a DIY restoration. That you take the time to document this in such an articulate, interesting, hilarious and beautifully produced fashion for complete strangers on the internet without requiring any kind of financial commitment from them is mind blowing, especially considering the level to which the work is completed. Truly excellent work mate, keep it up. We’re right here with you👍
@@GeoffreyCroker I the UK we have Kiwi boot and shoe polish. it's not made from fruit, it isn't edible and you cannot weld with it. But you can polish more than shoes and boots with it!
Personally, I would have bought a new rear crossmember with extensions and saved a load of effort, time and welding. That being said, I watched every minute and enjoyed every second. Top stuff young man!
I'm a new subscriber and absolutely loving what you're doing. I have a 1963 swb petrol, with a genuine 46k on the clock, but it needs all the usual work. When I retire in a few years, hopefully it will keep me sane until I pass it on to my daughter, along with the promise she'll never sell it. Old Land Rovers become one of the family.
I sandblasted mine first just to see what I had . It looked similar to yours. There were so many new holes when it came back I realized even if I repaired it there would be areas that were thinner than when new so the overall strength and safety of the chassis would be compromised. So I bought a brand new galvanized chassis. With all the cost of a rear chassis member front irons outriggers, time and effort and rust protection and future rust breaking out it was a no brainer. Plus the mot guy is always happy with the chassis now Phil
Having worked at Solihull in 1960's , your progress has been 'entertaining' , should point out I seem to remember the chassis was sand blasted and dipped when I worked on Land Rovers
I spent all day yesterday breaking down my 1961 Series 2 - wondering about replacing the chassis or repairing it, then saw this video! Can't wait to see the next part!
Dear Geoffry. Though I am a simple woodworker and have nothing to do with welding, I just stumbled over the last issue of your Landrover restauration videos. As I am a Landrover adict already since many years (2 Discos, 1 Defender td4 and 1 Freelander td4) I was realy touched by the way you are restoring this old beauty. Herewith you have a new subscriber. Stay safe and have a good and sound 2021. Regards from Germay, Robert
I don't want you to feel responsible but your videos are part of the reason I bought a 1994 Discovery. I may rue the decision but for now I am enjoying it.
Very good work and entertaining! I just discovered this series by accident. The level of detail and explaination is great, even for someone familiar with automotive systems. I like that you take the time to show the details and basic operation of the components for those who may not know. I'm an auto enthusiast, who has a soft spot for old Land Rovers. However these are rare in the US and astronomically expensive if you can find one. These videos show me the particulars of a vehicle I'll probably never get the chance to own or experience. Keep up the good work. I know you'll finish this, just because of the sheer investment in a project like this. My current project is nearing $35K US at the moment! Your name is greatness just by itself!
This is a great series and when a new episode pops up I’m genuinely excited. I think it’s the honesty projects at home take forever you don’t have a team there helping you and that’s why it takes more than a week to finish. Like all projects I look forward to never seeing it 100% finished.
Brings back memories of a Series 2A LWB Truck Cab I had. Total nightmare of a job, chassis rails packed full of mud and rotten to hell. I spent a two week works shutdown, ripped the body off, repaired the chassis, renewed all of the electrics and the brakes and rebuilt it. It was still a noisy, slow and cold vehicle but at least it wasn't going to fall to pieces on me. I vowed never to buy another one. For reference, Landrover didn't build the chassis; that was GKN Sankey at Telford, UK. They're still making chassis for Landrover today and I came across a stack of a dozen or do Series 1 chassis stacked in their yard outside if the test lab I was working in. For a while, under Ford's ownership, a company called Thompson (I think) built the chassis but when they went bust the official receivers tried to force a price increase out of Ford on the basis they could stop the assembly line at Solihull if they didn't get the extra money. Ford contacted GKN and Stadco (Shrewsbury, UK) and within 72 hours had a new line of supply in place.
your range of skills and level of craftsmanship is truly enjoyable to view. your rear brackets seem to line up with the elevation and so that leaves one simple dimensional measurement to mess up so I'm going with a hard YAY.
Great stuff - as ever your content is highly informative and entertaining. As a ham fisted Clampet who has trouble managing a spanner I find your videos really interesting and make me feel that I can also 'give it a go.' That said, between you and my Land Rover Defender Haynes manual have cost me a lot of money and my local garage owner is now set to retire with all the addition business I have given him. On his behalf please keep this stuff coming and he has informed me he has seen a fishing boat he would like to buy...
I am right there with you on chassis repairs and redoing any previous attempts of repair with a slight smirk as I remove someone else’s “repairs”! Also! Loving the 80’s synth music. 👍🏻
Man Geoffrey, talk about doing a restoration, nice work! The patch work is what it is and it fills the voids. At least you can see where water and rust issues exist and deal with modifications to address those issues. Pity you don't have a tank big enough to throw it into for a good Zinc plating treatment.. Can't wait to see the next episode, stay safe and Cheers from Canada!
I like the small patch approach. It's good that you can eventually get back to good metal to weld to. What I like in particular is that you're running decent beads with the welder. the "stack o dimes" look that prevails on youtube obviously hasn't got to you yet. I imagine it came from tig welding but people mig like it now. I feature some welding and like to run a decent bead myself. I must say your welder is nice and smooth and quiet. Mine makes quite a racket and you can hear the big solenoid clicking in and out. Mart.
Your vids are great. I have subscribed to many channels over the years and occasionally delete one or the other if I don't watch them. Yours has always had a spot in my line up. Every time you bless us with a new vid i am just recommitting to being a subscriber. Great work keep it up.
The "imaginary" line is very likely a jig line. Kinda like 0 in architecture/engineering. It makes no sense unless you have all the bits in, and without them it could be anywhere, even on the second floor. :)) Edit: Patching is perfectly acceptable in an enclosed structure. As long as the welds are good, you can make it a quilt if you want. Molten metal is molten metal after all. I've seen a lot of comments in other repair videos on chassis that stem from people who don't really understand structure or argue based on regulation, which is more than often an umbrella ruling, meant to avoid inexperienced people from building rolling disasters. Simpler to ban all, rather than deal with mishaps. As you made it, perfectly acceptable, and it has just as good structure as the original. Some could argue that fixing a chassis shouldn't be done because of crash safety, but that's a problem solely reserved for modern cars. Good old iron pigs like the Land Rover don't particularly care about these kinds of things. TLDR: it might behave differently than the OG, but it's just as strong, if not stronger. Encloses chassis for the win.
Another entertaining videao. You are a good welder too! You need a flap disc for the grinder - smoothes off welds in seconds. So much better than grinding discs
I must say, every time a new video is coming up I get really excited! Love the videos and pls continue to make them they are both amusing and really funny to watch! Ps. Pro tip weld from the top and down and not from the bottom and up, u will see a huge difference in weld
Not entirely true, vertical up welds provides better material penetration. Vertical down is more suited to thin sheet metal which doesn’t require the high penetration.
Great video again :) Dont know about you but the Air compressor for when back when I worked on my series frame was for fires started from undercoating LOL
While it doesn't matter for this build; strength of the chassis is not just based on more steel and more welds, stress and fatigue are big problems. Chassis flex a lot, different thickness boundaries and welds can create stress risers leading to fatigue and premature failure
Since we are on the topic of rust. I recently build a tub out of 3mm steel that I really should have made out of stainless. It has a little bit of water sitting at the bottom. How long do you think it will last before it rusts through?
That chassis is in pretty good condition for one of those things all things considered fella. The checker plate addition is the sort of high class unique repair I would have done...its Kiwi ya know!
Overlapped sheets of metal with a paper-thin gap between them, also known as a sponge, a breeding-ground for rust. I'm not surprised that overlapped section of the frame from the past crossmember repair rotted out! It'll be right now though, all that good metal welded in proper-like! Ahh, what a tease! XD
For someone who IS a welder, i can indeed say he did pretty well! When tacking, i would have bumped the voltage up a bit to get it started smoother, without the stuttering :)
Great video's man, very well edited with a crunch of humor and very interesting images. Love the Landrover Restoration series mix with technical superior metric love. You 'r doing good man... Thumbs up from the other side of the world; Belgium! Looking forward...
Although a lot more complicated and time consuming I use C shaped or D shaped patches,curve at each end and bevel edges to avoid vertical stress riser points
Nice work. I enjoy your content AND your sense of humour. Besides, I'm Canadian, eh, and I may have said it before (sorry) but us ungrateful colonials need to stick together.
May i offer a tip from my experience, albeit limited, with MIG welding? When welding vertically with MIG, it seems to work alot better to weld from top to bottom, rather than opposite. It seems that any "runs" or "buggers" will be absorbed by the weld, as you move down. Pulsing the weld, as you did a few times, is naturally also a good option! Keep up the good work!
Not entirely true, vertical up welds provides better material penetration. Vertical down is more suited to thin sheet metal which doesn’t require the high penetration.
WOW 2 videos in less than a year?!?
The best thing in 2020 by far
I genuinely muttered '... my god' when I saw the notification. Made my day.
Don't..you might scare him away!
He’s spoiling us..
He even adds (1/4), could there be more in 2020?!?!?
I can smell all the metal work just from watching
Both of y’all’s channels have Inspired me so much to work on my own vehicles and restore them. It’s so cool seeing both creators interacting!
I can feel the itch on my arms. :))
LOL I can taste the metal boogers LOL from all that
New Fiero build video soon? :)
Thanks for recomending this channel. Awesome restorations
It's great to see you back to getting videos out. This is genuinely one of my favorite series on TH-cam, as it's not every day someone rebuilds their entire car. I mean I guess on TH-cam maybe, but nobody else I'm subscribed to is doing it, and definitely not with your sense of humor. Also, despite never touched a welder in my life, but having seen some people make some absolute snotsplosions on TH-cam, those welds aren't that bad. Excited to see more.
Thanks man 👍
Don't know if you have already, but if you like this sort of stuff check out Project Binky. It's right up your alley ;)
@@MrGvella Yes! And Aaron Cake's Cosmo
To get the rear cross member lined up in the factory they lined it up with the Solihull-Stonehenge Ley Line and it was welded in place by Welsh Virgins. I think you did very well considering....
Surprised you did it without the thick denims that the lads in Solihull wore
There’s nothing in this world I respect more than a guy going balls deep into a DIY restoration. That you take the time to document this in such an articulate, interesting, hilarious and beautifully produced fashion for complete strangers on the internet without requiring any kind of financial commitment from them is mind blowing, especially considering the level to which the work is completed. Truly excellent work mate, keep it up. We’re right here with you👍
Lol! ”The sheer speed this vehicle travels at”.
So you can use a Kiwi to weld...
Oh yeah. They're everywhere. Just hangin around. We use them for food, hammers, pillows.
* get * bloody things are everywhere
@@GeoffreyCroker I the UK we have Kiwi boot and shoe polish. it's not made from fruit, it isn't edible and you cannot weld with it. But you can polish more than shoes and boots with it!
@Abel Harbour Kiwi is slang for new zeelander.
A great way to start your day is with Geoffrey
Personally, I would have bought a new rear crossmember with extensions and saved a load of effort, time and welding.
That being said, I watched every minute and enjoyed every second. Top stuff young man!
I really do enjoy your voice overs you have the same kinda humour as myself. Thanks for letting us be part of your rebuild journey
I'm a new subscriber and absolutely loving what you're doing. I have a 1963 swb petrol, with a genuine 46k on the clock, but it needs all the usual work. When I retire in a few years, hopefully it will keep me sane until I pass it on to my daughter, along with the promise she'll never sell it. Old Land Rovers become one of the family.
WOWZER! 2 videos in less than a year?! WE FEEL SPECIAL THANX!
I sandblasted mine first just to see what I had . It looked similar to yours. There were so many new holes when it came back I realized even if I repaired it there would be areas that were thinner than when new so the overall strength and safety of the chassis would be compromised. So I bought a brand new galvanized chassis. With all the cost of a rear chassis member front irons outriggers, time and effort and rust protection and future rust breaking out it was a no brainer. Plus the mot guy is always happy with the chassis now Phil
Having worked at Solihull in 1960's , your progress has been 'entertaining' , should point out I seem to remember the chassis was sand blasted and dipped when I worked on Land Rovers
Nice work. Clamping that piece of RHS and using spray paint as a template is one of the cleverest things I’ve seen in a while.
I spent all day yesterday breaking down my 1961 Series 2 - wondering about replacing the chassis or repairing it, then saw this video! Can't wait to see the next part!
Dear Geoffry. Though I am a simple woodworker and have nothing to do with welding, I just stumbled over the last issue of your Landrover restauration videos. As I am a Landrover adict already since many years (2 Discos, 1 Defender td4 and 1 Freelander td4) I was realy touched by the way you are restoring this old beauty. Herewith you have a new subscriber. Stay safe and have a good and sound 2021. Regards from Germay, Robert
I don't want you to feel responsible but your videos are part of the reason I bought a 1994 Discovery. I may rue the decision but for now I am enjoying it.
I will NEVER be responsible for someone buy a disco. 😂
FASTEST click and like all month. Can't get enough man! Keep the resto going!!
Starting a new exciting job and 2 Croker videos in one week. Best week ever!!!
Very good work and entertaining! I just discovered this series by accident. The level of detail and explaination is great, even for someone familiar with automotive systems. I like that you take the time to show the details and basic operation of the components for those who may not know. I'm an auto enthusiast, who has a soft spot for old Land Rovers. However these are rare in the US and astronomically expensive if you can find one. These videos show me the particulars of a vehicle I'll probably never get the chance to own or experience. Keep up the good work. I know you'll finish this, just because of the sheer investment in a project like this. My current project is nearing $35K US at the moment! Your name is greatness just by itself!
This is a great series and when a new episode pops up I’m genuinely excited. I think it’s the honesty projects at home take forever you don’t have a team there helping you and that’s why it takes more than a week to finish. Like all projects I look forward to never seeing it 100% finished.
Thanks Don 👍
Watched, liked, looking forward to the next one already.....
Brings back memories of a Series 2A LWB Truck Cab I had. Total nightmare of a job, chassis rails packed full of mud and rotten to hell. I spent a two week works shutdown, ripped the body off, repaired the chassis, renewed all of the electrics and the brakes and rebuilt it. It was still a noisy, slow and cold vehicle but at least it wasn't going to fall to pieces on me. I vowed never to buy another one.
For reference, Landrover didn't build the chassis; that was GKN Sankey at Telford, UK. They're still making chassis for Landrover today and I came across a stack of a dozen or do Series 1 chassis stacked in their yard outside if the test lab I was working in. For a while, under Ford's ownership, a company called Thompson (I think) built the chassis but when they went bust the official receivers tried to force a price increase out of Ford on the basis they could stop the assembly line at Solihull if they didn't get the extra money. Ford contacted GKN and Stadco (Shrewsbury, UK) and within 72 hours had a new line of supply in place.
< Sees 1/4 >
Yessssss! Keep up the very good work! I'm learning a lot, I've got a 1959 Nash that needs a lot of this same love
your range of skills and level of craftsmanship is truly enjoyable to view. your rear brackets seem to line up with the elevation and so that leaves one simple dimensional measurement to mess up so I'm going with a hard YAY.
♥️ even the landrover adverts by youtube were worth a watch!
Good work spray painting the tab locations!
Saves time and money.
Great stuff - as ever your content is highly informative and entertaining. As a ham fisted Clampet who has trouble managing a spanner I find your videos really interesting and make me feel that I can also 'give it a go.' That said, between you and my Land Rover Defender Haynes manual have cost me a lot of money and my local garage owner is now set to retire with all the addition business I have given him. On his behalf please keep this stuff coming and he has informed me he has seen a fishing boat he would like to buy...
I am right there with you on chassis repairs and redoing any previous attempts of repair with a slight smirk as I remove someone else’s “repairs”! Also! Loving the 80’s synth music. 👍🏻
This is one of my favorite channels - I’m jealous of everyone who just discovers this and gets to binge all your videos lol
Darn, already watched this on patron. Got my hopes up for a second. Maybe next year.
The next part is coming soon. Half way through editing.
I'm liking these frequent uploads. 😃
This has encouraged me.....
To buy a new chassis for my 90.
"... because of the sheer speed this vehicle travels at..."
😂😂😂
Humour drier than the Sahara, I've missed that!
Superb work with the graphics overlays on this!
Man Geoffrey, talk about doing a restoration, nice work! The patch work is what it is and it fills the voids. At least you can see where water and rust issues exist and deal with modifications to address those issues. Pity you don't have a tank big enough to throw it into for a good Zinc plating treatment.. Can't wait to see the next episode, stay safe and Cheers from Canada!
I am working on a 1979 109.
Back of chassis is good. Have new cab outriggers that are too wide.
Your videos are useful and motivating.
I like the small patch approach. It's good that you can eventually get back to good metal to weld to. What I like in particular is that you're running decent beads with the welder. the "stack o dimes" look that prevails on youtube obviously hasn't got to you yet. I imagine it came from tig welding but people mig like it now. I feature some welding and like to run a decent bead myself. I must say your welder is nice and smooth and quiet. Mine makes quite a racket and you can hear the big solenoid clicking in and out. Mart.
Great job, always makes me envious when I someone with all the tools for a job like that!
Great to have you back and seeing some good progress
I never doubted it would fit. Extraordinary effort and work there, Geoffrey !
"precision", "sheer speed" ROFL! Great story teller.
*Me bored, browsing YT on a Thursday night:* :/
*Me when I see a new Land Rover video:* 8)
This video gave me motivation to get back to my suzuki samurai that right now is made exclusively out of rust! Great job, can't wait for next parts!
After a whiskey im just happy that you did this instead of me. As always above and beyond. Great video.
I thoroughly enjoy all your videos! LR restoration is a dream of mine...
おお、板バネのレストアに続けてラダーフレームのレストア!!これはめったに観れないというか、初めて観れました。日本車の現行車でラダーフレームを採用しているのはジムニーのみ。新型ディフェンダーもモノコック。いかにジムニーが希少かつ稀有な新車かが分かります。ジムニーは日本の誇りですね。
Thanks for posting another video!
When I fixed the frame on mine, I made the rear cross member a fully enclosed box which mimicked the original shape.
Your vids are great. I have subscribed to many channels over the years and occasionally delete one or the other if I don't watch them. Yours has always had a spot in my line up. Every time you bless us with a new vid i am just recommitting to being a subscriber. Great work keep it up.
The "imaginary" line is very likely a jig line. Kinda like 0 in architecture/engineering. It makes no sense unless you have all the bits in, and without them it could be anywhere, even on the second floor. :))
Edit:
Patching is perfectly acceptable in an enclosed structure. As long as the welds are good, you can make it a quilt if you want. Molten metal is molten metal after all. I've seen a lot of comments in other repair videos on chassis that stem from people who don't really understand structure or argue based on regulation, which is more than often an umbrella ruling, meant to avoid inexperienced people from building rolling disasters. Simpler to ban all, rather than deal with mishaps.
As you made it, perfectly acceptable, and it has just as good structure as the original. Some could argue that fixing a chassis shouldn't be done because of crash safety, but that's a problem solely reserved for modern cars. Good old iron pigs like the Land Rover don't particularly care about these kinds of things.
TLDR: it might behave differently than the OG, but it's just as strong, if not stronger. Encloses chassis for the win.
Just finished binge watching all 13 and 1 addendum episodes. Impressed, well done. Entertaining, informative and educational. Thank you.👍
Love the video very informative, great narrative, totally love your humour, the sheer speed ha ha you crack me up in the best way possible
Thought youtube was showing me an old video in my main feed, what a pleasant surprise!
Thanks for sharing, I really like your style. I've been looking forward to more Land Rover videos, I'm glad to see you back at it
FYI where you are welding metal to metal you can put well through primer on both surfaces to help protect even though they get welded closed
Another entertaining videao. You are a good welder too! You need a flap disc for the grinder - smoothes off welds in seconds. So much better than grinding discs
I use flap discs at the end for the final smooth. I can't afford flap discs for the rough grinding though. Those things are mucho expensive!
I've been looking forward to a new episode, thanks Geoffrey!
I wish you did this full time! Your videos are genuinely excellent. I think it is the kiwi commentary that makes them! Can’t wait for the next. 👍👍👍👍
Juste woke up, a new video: the day starts very well!
Thank you. 😄
I must say, every time a new video is coming up I get really excited! Love the videos and pls continue to make them they are both amusing and really funny to watch!
Ps. Pro tip weld from the top and down and not from the bottom and up, u will see a huge difference in weld
Not entirely true, vertical up welds provides better material penetration. Vertical down is more suited to thin sheet metal which doesn’t require the high penetration.
Enjoying this restoration. Just started my own Series 3 109” and have a few chassis issues 😬
Great video again :) Dont know about you but the Air compressor for when back when I worked on my series frame was for fires started from undercoating LOL
Your videos are a serious work of art.
What you are doing is worthy! What a great truck to restore👍
Love your attention to detail and just getting it done even if it’s not 100% needed. Keep up the good work Bloke 👍👍
i will probably never ever do this
but i learned alot from watching this :D
Hi Geoffrey, I like the dry humour - brings a smile to my face. You are making this look easy and I rather suspect it is not. Masterclass. BobUK
While it doesn't matter for this build; strength of the chassis is not just based on more steel and more welds, stress and fatigue are big problems. Chassis flex a lot, different thickness boundaries and welds can create stress risers leading to fatigue and premature failure
I'm so excited to see this thing in its finished form.
Just as I start to tackle my own chassis and bulkhead repair. Thank you good sir!
Good luck 👍 Hope it goes better than mine!
Since we are on the topic of rust. I recently build a tub out of 3mm steel that I really should have made out of stainless.
It has a little bit of water sitting at the bottom. How long do you think it will last before it rusts through?
Welcome back, we've missed you ..
Nice ironic welding 👍 the best sort. Looking forward to the next installment.
Great stuff!
Excellent to see how well this is coming along. I like the finish quality. Will be interested in your thoughts on preserving the chassis.
Awesome Geoff! Keep em coming
Lovely to have found your channel and the similar journey we're on. Great quality filming too 👌
Yessss! You have no idea how happy I get when I see you post a new video.
That chassis is in pretty good condition for one of those things all things considered fella. The checker plate addition is the sort of high class unique repair I would have done...its Kiwi ya know!
Overlapped sheets of metal with a paper-thin gap between them, also known as a sponge, a breeding-ground for rust.
I'm not surprised that overlapped section of the frame from the past crossmember repair rotted out!
It'll be right now though, all that good metal welded in proper-like! Ahh, what a tease! XD
I completely enjoy every video you put out. Your humor has me cracking up. Keep up the great work!
Geoff - I think I looked to long and hard and now have Arc Eye! Great episode - thanks.
Great video!!! Please keep the pace with the uploads
Hi Geoff,
Cool video... I will be tuning in to see the next episode...
Take care
Paul,,
For someone that is "not a welder", man you can weld!
For someone who IS a welder, i can indeed say he did pretty well!
When tacking, i would have bumped the voltage up a bit to get it started smoother, without the stuttering :)
Cheers for another a good video.
Glad you’re back. Brilliant channel.
Just brilliant Geoff. You put a lot of professionals to shame. Next vid please🤭
Yet another great piece of entertainment. Thank you Geoffrey
Reminds me of "Suntan Hands" from Project Binky. (If, somehow, you don't know what that is, go look it up.)
I do love these styles of video you create.
Great video's man, very well edited with a crunch of humor and very interesting images. Love the Landrover Restoration series mix with technical superior metric love. You 'r doing good man... Thumbs up from the other side of the world; Belgium! Looking forward...
Awesome to see you posting regularly - love it.
Although a lot more complicated and time consuming I use C shaped or D shaped patches,curve at each end and bevel edges to avoid vertical stress riser points
Lovely work and some good giggles Mr Croker. Thanks
Nice work. I enjoy your content AND your sense of humour. Besides, I'm Canadian, eh, and I may have said it before (sorry) but us ungrateful colonials need to stick together.
May i offer a tip from my experience, albeit limited, with MIG welding? When welding vertically with MIG, it seems to work alot better to weld from top to bottom, rather than opposite. It seems that any "runs" or "buggers" will be absorbed by the weld, as you move down.
Pulsing the weld, as you did a few times, is naturally also a good option!
Keep up the good work!
Not entirely true, vertical up welds provides better material penetration. Vertical down is more suited to thin sheet metal which doesn’t require the high penetration.
The spray paint trick for those tabs was genius.