C4 Pathway Carbon Fixation

C3 Cycle : • Photosynthesis - Calvi...
Photorespiration : • Photorespiration Pathway
In this video we have discussed the C4 Pathway in Plants which avoids the Photorespiration pathway in plants .
C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch-Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules. It is one of three known processes for carbon fixation. "C4" refers to the four-carbon molecule that is the first product of this type of carbon fixation.
C4 fixation is an elaboration of the more common C3 carbon fixation and is believed to have evolved more recently. C4 overcomes the tendency of the enzyme RuBisCO to wastefully fix oxygen rather than carbon dioxide in the process of photorespiration. This is achieved by ensuring that RuBisCO works in an environment where there is a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen. CO
2 is shuttled via malate or aspartate from mesophyll cells to bundle-sheath cells. In these bundle-sheath cells CO
2 is released by decarboxylation of the malate. C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to capture more CO
2 in the mesophyll cells. PEP carboxylase (three carbons) binds to CO
2 to make oxaloacetic acid (OAA). OAA then makes malate (four carbons). Malate enters bundle sheath cells and releases the CO
2. These additional steps, however, require more energy in the form of ATP. Using this extra energy, C4 plants are able to more efficiently fix carbon in drought, high temperatures, and limitations of nitrogen or CO
2. Since the more common C3 pathway does not require this extra energy, it is more efficient in the other conditions.
In C3 plants, the first step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis involves the fixation of CO
2 by the enzyme RuBisCO into 3-phosphoglycerate. However, due to the dual carboxylase and oxygenase activity of RuBisCo, some part of the substrate is oxidized rather than carboxylated, resulting in loss of substrate and consumption of energy, in what is known as photorespiration.
In order to bypass the photorespiration pathway, C4 plants have developed a mechanism to efficiently deliver CO
2 to the RuBisCO enzyme. They use their specific leaf anatomy where chloroplasts exist not only in the mesophyll cells in the outer part of their leaves but in the bundle sheath cells as well. Instead of direct fixation to RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle, CO
2 is incorporated into a four-carbon organic acid, which has the ability to regenerate CO
2 in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells can then use this CO
2 to generate carbohydrates by the conventional C3 pathway.

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Sir tomorrow is my exam and I could not understand c4 cycle. imagine how much this 3 minute video helped me. i am greatful for you sir. thank u so much

[@hussainbiology]

All the best

[@sanajoshi1416]

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[@hussainbiology]

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[@hussainbiology]

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Thank you

[@hussainbiology]

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[@beingmyself6163]

Your way of teaching is wonderful. Thank you. Hoping to see more such videos...

[@hussainbiology]

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Nice explained 😍

[@hussainbiology]

Glad you liked it

[@bhatsaimanabi7724]

Best for revision 💞

[@hussainbiology]

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[@bhatsaimanabi7724]

No sir I didn't mean that ...I mean I have a biologically test tmrw n this is a life saver ♥️

[@jaisankar6147]

Nice explanation sir.Thanks a lot👍

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@juliojaime3117]

The phosphogycolate (PGAL) produced through photorespiration while it does get fixed to be a phosphoglycerate (PGA) it’s a C-2 and not a C-3.

[@learnersparadise5092]

Excellent 👍👍👍

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Nidhi for appreciation....

[@chelseawilliams8493]

Super helpful, thank you!

[@hussainbiology]

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[@shaikhhabib3810]

Thank you so much for such a nice explanation ☺️

[@Girl_in_the_white_coat]

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[@hussainbiology]

You are welcome..Keep sharing and supporting ✌️

[@dr.muzafarhussain9821]

Add more vedios...nice job

[@hussainbiology]

InshaAllah

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[@hussainbiology]

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[@navyajose9231]

Thankyou for help understand better

[@lui7948]

Thankyou❤

[@hussainbiology]

You're welcome 😊

[@mousamkisku5985]

The enzyme required for the co2 fixation in c4 cycle is.? (1) PEP carboxylase (2)RUBP oxygenase (3)RUBP carboxylase (4)PGA dehydrogenase ...
Sir right answer Bata dijye.

[@hussainbiology]

PEP Carboxylase

[@marxiewasalittlegirl]

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[@hussainbiology]

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[@hussainbiology]

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2:39 started 😂

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[@poojagagdani1017]

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[@hussainbiology]

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[@hussainbiology]

Most welcome ... Keep sharing and supporting

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[@induchoudhary2810]

Can u please uploads topics of enzymes please

[@hussainbiology]

Hi Smaira , i have put out atleast 4 videos under processing which will occupy next 4 Mondays and then i will consider making videos on Enzymes...😊😊

[@palakbaliyan6678]

Sir, according to ncert, rubisco is absent in mesophyll cells

[@hussainbiology]

Yes in case of C4 plants ( so that these plants evade Photorespiration )

[@palakbaliyan6678]

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[@hussainbiology]

@@palakbaliyan6678 most welcome..✌️

[@soldiergaming7060]

Is this cycle connected with microbial physiology

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Jazakallah

[@shivabharghavi1209]

Super

[@dattaacharr5247]

thank you so musch it helped melott tocalculate atp

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps

[@PranayBrajabashi]

First sugar in c4 plant ?

[@Nico-rj6ml]

I‘m from India 🇮🇳

[@hussainbiology]

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[@M_5787]

Thankyou sir

[@rupalichakraborty4814]

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Why this channel is under ratted...why???

[@hussainbiology]

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[@priyadas4322]

Mesophyll cells lack RuBiSCO enzyme...so make changes in your content

[@hussainbiology]

watch from 2:10 and see what i have said there ( in C3 plants we have Rubisco in Mesophyll cell and in c4 plants it is absent )

[@priyadas4322]

I think you have taken my comment in otherwise way..there is my no intention to make u feel low...but being a viewer I can only give honest review..your way of explanation was quite a confusing one about this particular topic C4 pathway ... otherwise u r doing an excellent job keep doing...plz again it's a request don't take it in a negative way

[@hussainbiology]

@@priyadas4322 no worries Priya... It is all good.... Lots of love

[@madmaxxxx245]

Please sir aapne bhut ache se smjhaya pr corbon nhi carbon hota hai . Bhut irritating tha

[@hussainbiology]

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[@Mbbsakii]

Sir ..how many atps are used in c4 plants

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[@anchithasanukumar3736]

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explaination 👍

[@happymoon5266]

RubisCO absent in mesophyll cell 😑

[@bhuvanrupchandsathe3810]

Yes it is absent because chloroplast in mesophyll cells have more granas and less Stroma to perform only C4 cycle while the C3 cycle is performed in bundle sheat cells with no grana in their chloroplast

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[@ZEALOT47]

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[@hussainbiology]

Apologies

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Thank you so much sir

[@hussainbiology]

Most welcome

[@rupalichakraborty4814]

Thanks