I think the most ironic thing is that both empires were destroyed by the Turks in the western roman by the Hun Turks in the eastern roman by the Ottoman Turks.
@@KOMUTAN_KENDAL The Huns did some damage, but they did not destroy the western Empire. The Goths, Germans etc. delivered the final blow, alongside the internal decay of the empire. And the Huns were originally from northern China, known as the Xiong-Nu.
Well, Romulus Augustulus was not really the last emperor of the west. Iulius Nepos had a stronger claim to the title of western Augustus, while he was in exile in Dalmatia, which lasted until his assassination in 480. Not only that, Syagrius also had an incredibly strong claim. After the assassination of Maiorianus, and the beginning of a line of puppet emperors in the west controlled by the Germanic kingdoms, Syagrius rebelled, and refused to pronounce the new emperors as legitimate, instead preserving Roman rule in Northern Gaul, which lasted until 486. Also, the famed Roman general Flavius Belisarius briefly took the role of western emperor in 539, in order to decieve the Ostrogoths. And even further still, Romano-Britons set up a kingdom in Northern Wales known as the Kingdom of Gwynedd, which claimed (with some genealogical proof) descent from the Britonnic Western Roman Emperor, Magnus Maximus. Gwynedd lasted until 1283, when it was conquered by the Kingdom of England. So, it's complicated :P
@@resurrection3D U don't know that. Maybe byzantinne could have sued for peace and pleadged as a vassal and striked the ottomans when the opportunity came
@@jimmyyork841 I do know that the Ottomans wanted Constantinople no matter what, the peace and vassal option had already been attempted before with no luck, there was literally 0 options of saving that city, not even the best Emperor of all time could have saved that city, it had little to no money, barely any men, good weaponry, barely any cannons, etc. No way ever could Constantinople be saved.
@@KraNisOG There was a Roman Republic in the 1800s based on the old republic. In the city the drain covers still say SPQR Culturally we are very fond of Rome. There are Groups who want to be Roman again, and like Luis said we were Romans again, led by Mussolini but he rushed and got too involved with natseeism rather than Roman fascista
Constantine Palaiologos himself in the end proclaimed Constantinople the "refuge for Christians, hope and delight of all HELLENES". George Phrantzes, History, 3.6.
"Present your shield, swords, arrows, and spears to them, imagining that you are a hunting party after wild boars, so that the impious may learn that they are dealing not with dumb animals but with their lords and masters, THE DESCENDANTS OF THE GREEKS AND THE ROMANS." Constantine Palaologus XI speaks in front of his officers and allies before the final siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed Bey George Sprantzes - The Fall of the Byzantine Empire 1453 primary source from the war.
The last summer, in the great Port of Greece, Piraeus, the Metropolis church of the city made a beautiful statue of the Constantine XII Palaeologos out of the Metropolitan church
Constantine XI Palaiologos is my favorite emperor ever. He showed what it means to be a leader to a nation. This world needs more leaders like this man
Me and the alien homies cried during season 1453 of earth 😭 the final episode of Rome when this legendary city fell was so sad that final stand scene gave me chills and this man’s speech was was incredible 😭 Then early in the first few seasons of the 2000s I got my chance to be in the show I hope we can bring Rome back
I agree, and indeed many Ottomans were honourable men whilst many Christians were not. It is sometimes unfortunate that the best of us find ourselves to be enemies.
Lol, you guys are still supporting the slaughter of Armenians, Kurds, you are still occupying Cyprus, to this day. Not to mention the support to rigorist current of islam. Turkey has always been a plague upon the West
IAM SORRY SIR BUT TURKS DONT BELONG TO THE Mediterranean......YOU ARE MULTIPUL NATIONS ONE NATION OF YOU ITS FROM Azerbaijan AND TURKMENISTAN WHAT ARE YOU DOING HERE THANK YOU.
In case there's any confusion, 'Αγία Σοφία' can translate as Saint Sophia or Holy Wisdom. The church's name is 'Church of the Holy Wisdom'. Gr proper: 'Ναὸς τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας'..... There is a Saint Sophia ('Sophia the Martyr', 'Sophia of Rome'...venerated both by Catholics & Orthodox), but it's not named for her.
[Konstantinos Palaiologos Final Speech] ".. Now he is threatening to capture the city of Constantine the Great, your home the place to which every Christian fugitive turned for aid and *the guardian of all Greece* .." -Leonard of Chios
@@skyeorange-k8w Fraudulent and peace breaker : 1 However, Emperor Constantine’s diplomatic relations with Venice ( in Italy) were complicated by his aggressive actions toward the republic while despot of the Morea ( in Greece). Specifically, Constantine’s capture of Patras ( Greece), a port city in the Moreote northwest, irritated Venice ( catholic)and characterized the future emperor as a maverick. In the fifteenth century, the city of Patras was administered by its Latin archbishop, Pandolfo Malatesta, under the suzerainty of the Papacy. The Venetians briefly held possession of the city between 1408 and 1419, but sold the city to the Latin ruler of Epiros, Carlo II Tocco, who later placed the city under Rome’s protection. However, the Venetians still coveted Patras as a commercial center and conducted a brisk trade within the city. They also still viewed the city as a target for Venetian territorial expansion in the Morea, as Patras was located across the Corinthian Gulf from their base of Naupaktos. However, after John VIII established his brother Constantine in the northwest Morea as despot, the port city was a prime target for him as well. The despot did not waste time attacking the city. Constantine moved against Patras in 1428, shortly after his arrival in the Morea. However, even with the aid of his brothers John and Thomas, the despot could not capture the city. He accepted instead an annual tribute of 500 gold coins from the city’s defenders. While the Venetians in Naupaktos were not pleased with this arrangement between Patras and Despot Constantine, it still allowed them to maintain their commercial ties to the city as before. Constantine’s subsequent actions surprised Venetian observers. Almost immediately, he laid siege to the city once again, this time with a larger, more committed army. The despot actively engaged the defenders, barely escaping death during a skirmish when archers killed his horse from under him. After a brief but intense struggle, the defenders and the despot reached an agreement, since the bishop was traveling through Italy during Constantine’s sieges of Patras. If he did not return after a month, the defenders would surrender to Constantine and proclaim him their overlord. When the metropolitan did not return in the allotted time, Patras surrendered to Despot Constantine, although the city’s citadel, defended by men loyal to the bishop (including some Venetians), did not surrender for another twelve months. Constantine’s occupation of Patras annoyed the Venetians and frustrated their plans for domination over the city. In addition, the Byzantine capture of Patras threatened the status of Venetian mercantile interests in the city, as the despot could force new taxes to finance his further Moreote campaigns. Despot Constantine’s actions against Patras would become important after his accession to the throne in 1449, as the military campaign established him as a maverick in Venetian eyes. Even twenty years later (1453), the Republic of Venice viewed Constantine as a threat to their possessions in Greece and throughout the Levant, and was reluctant to provide him with aid. " Source: Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453) Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006 Author: Adam William Hellebuyck. Page: 83,84
@@skyeorange-k8w Fraudulent and peace breaker emperor : 2 "Since Byzantium was essentially a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottaman sultan often oversaw changes in leadership. When John VIII died on October 31, 1448 without an heir, his two brothers Constantine and Demetrios contested the Byzantine throne. While Demetrios, a fervent opponent of the west, had the support of the anti-Unionist faction in Constantinople, Constantine was significantly more popular both in the Morea and in Constantinople. In addition, he possessed the support of his mother, Empress Helena, which added overwhelming credibility to Constantine’s claim to the empire. However, since the Byzantines were technically vassals of the Ottoman sultan, Constantine agreed to submit the Byzantine succession to Murad-II ( Ottaman sultan at that time) for arbitration. Such an act of deference was extremely uncharacteristic of Constantine, especially because of his previous actions toward the Ottomans. On December 6, 1448, George Sphrantzes ( one of the chief advisor) led an embassy to Murad’s court, and Constantine was chosen as the Byzantine emperor. The new emperor hoped that his deference to Ottoman authority would help pacify the sultan while he deliberated on ways to combat the Turks. Once Sphrantzes returned from his embassy, the emperor sent Murad lavish gifts to commemorate a new period of peace between them. Through this episode, Constantine showed false obsequiousness toward Murad-II in order to mask his true anti-Turkish sentiments. This was shown through his attacks in Greece during and after the Crusade of Varna. ( Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453) Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006 Author: Adam William Hellebuyck. Page:41,42 ) "Emperor Constantine XI’s actions toward the Turks while despot of the Morea (from 1443 to 1448) show that he preferred to take decisive, aggressive action against the Ottomans, and that his acts of deference were merely a stalling tactic. The emperor, while ruling southern Greece, was clearly anti-Turkish in his views and policies. Constantine’s earliest actions against the Ottomans coincided with the Crusade of Varna, launched from Hungary in 1444. The Byzantines learned of the crusade in 1443, when John VIII went on a hunting expedition with the Italian traveler Cyriacus of Ancona.The Greeks thought of the crusade in two ways. First, they believed that if the Hungarians could fight their way to Constantinople, the city’s immediate encirclement would be relieved. They could then concentrate on re-conquering Thrace from the weakened Turks. Second, the Greeks of the Morea, Constantine included, counted upon the crusade to provide a necessary distraction so that they could reoccupy portions of central Greece.The despot used the distraction that the Western crusaders provided to conquer several cities and towns from the Turks in Attica and Thessaly. The chronicler Doukas explains that Constantine “foresaw the total destruction of the Turks” during his campaign throughout late 1444 and 1445. While the despot ( Constantine-XI) made considerable gains early in the campaign, once the crusaders were defeated at Varna, the sultan could focus his attention upon the Greeks. Despite overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Constantine refused to return control of the conquered territories to Sultan Murad II. Instead, he prepared for battle at the newly refortified Hexamilion wall across the Isthmus of Corinth. The Byzantines of the Morea also placed more emphasis upon exploiting human weaknesses in siege warfare than upon technological advantage, since they did not possess the financial resources necessary to outpace the Ottomans in military technology. Therefore, the isthmus walls were built in a medieval fashion, and did not possess any defensive artillery to discourage an Ottoman assault. Constantine misjudged the quality of his fortifications, as Murad, using gunpowder artillery, smashed through them and routed the defenders. The Turks took over 60,000 prisoners, and Constantine barely escaped with his life. This episode shows Constantine’s tendency toward rash, aggressive actions against the Ottoman Turks even before his accession to the Byzantine throne. ( Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453) Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006 Author: Adam William Hellebuyck. Page:44,45,46 )
Romans never surrendered. Greeks never surrendered. My ancestors revolted 120 times during the 400 years of ottoman occupation and 120 times this led to genocide. The 121th gave us back our freedom. Ottomans have left nothing to the global civilization and will be forgotten by history
those interested, some monumental works regarding the Greek Byzantine Empire by three experts of Byzantine History, include; Warren Treadgold; “A Concise History of Byzantium”, “A History of the Byzantine State and Society”, “Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081”, “The Byzantine Revival, 780-842”. Gustav Schlumberger; “Un empereur byzantin au dixieme siecle: Nicephore Phocas”, “Byzance et les croisades”, “Récits de Byzance et des croisades”, “ Le siege la prise et le sac de Constantinople par les Turcs en 1453”. Sir Steven Runciman; “Byzantine Civilization”, “The Fall of Constantinople 1453”, “The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence”, “Byzantine Style and Civilization”, “The Last Byzantine Renaissance”. Masterpieces.
Here’s a reminder: Napoleon, for the whiles of his campaigns, had the advantage, he escaped exile once and likely had the opportunity to escape it again, letting his own depression get the best of him for failing France, which still lived without him, and his 11 year or so campaign. This man, however, has the technological disadvantage, THOUSANDS of years of the Roman Empire, all of that would die tomorrow and everyone knew it. He held his head high, and became one of the most renowned Roman, yes, emperor of all time.
They did, both Leonard of Chios (an eyewitness) and Laonikas Chalkokondyles, (a contemporary) say the Romans actually deployed cannon against the Turks although they didn't use them much as the recoil shook the walls. The Italian soldiers had quite a few troops armed with firearms.
The most sad thing about the eastern Roman empire that lasted more than 1000 years is how little ordinary people know about it, even Greeks that are being taught about it in schools. It was the peak of humanity and it is honestly sad that westoids had to forcefully insert their HRE narrative, to the point that it had to be renamed to Byzantine. The neologisms surrounding Greek history and culture is a travesty.
Imagine if Islam rose in times of Augustus, Hadrian, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius, all rebellious muslims would be crucified from Borders of Arabia to Rome along the road like the enemies of deserved. Sadly all great things must vanish one day.
Constantine XI Emperor of the Romans "The city has fallen and I am still alive!" Mehmed II Caeser of Rome " Constantinople ether I take you or you take me!" Two great men fighting for their destiny
No problem, the whole of Leonard's letter is in 'The Siege of Constantinople 1453: Seven Contemporary accounts', translated by John Melville-Jones. I have a reference to it in the end credits.
The speech in this is actually in Latin because it was written by Archbishop Leonard but the later version by Psuedo-George Sphrantzes can be found in the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae under George Sphrantzes.
@@EasternRomanHistory during that time population in constantinapolis used to speak both latin and greek?!? Here in turkey battle of manzikert is being thought as the battle which opened anatoli to turks.At the begginin of the battle Sultan(also commander) of the army gave a speech to boost the morale of the soldiers and that speech was said to be in persian.
@@bansheee1 Leonard was form Genoa, Catholic bishop of the Island of Chios. He was an ally of the defenders during the siege and reported back to the Pope what he saw after it fell. The Greeks themselves did not speak Latin and the westerners in the capital would have been speaking Italian and so on. However, the language of the Catholic church was Latin.
@@EasternRomanHistoryYeah but Constantine would have spoken Greek, as he was Greek, not Latin so who cares if the script was in Latin, if you were there at that moment in time you would have heard μαλακα not pizza
This speech is recorded by someone who was actually at the siege, the other is by an author that wrote one hundred year later and was based on this speech.
@@EasternRomanHistory you may use endonyms εnδοnems if you understand the etymology of this word as a neologism.But you miss the proper name of a place that still exist and has a history through the ages and pronounced the same throughout the years, for your own ,understanding I was really amazed for your endonymical pronunciation which indeed was abhorred, incomprehensible and subtly is trying to change the history HOW you will pronounce The Massacre of Hios? In 1822 Your way ,nobody will know where is this place and what has happened there........
@@EasternRomanHistory the endonym of CHIOS IS HIOS OR Χίος IN GREEK learn what an endonym is and use it properly And do not try to teach me the etymology of a greek word
Sorry I meant Exonym, I pronounce it the English way since Chios looks like chi-iota-omicron-sigma. You sound like a bit of a linguist, perhaps you might try your hand at editing several of these ERE primary sources which are written in Greek. The History of Nikephoros Gregoras needs a new edition. Perhaps you should make a few enquires. Let me know how you get on!@@dimitriosvlissides5781
@@EasternRomanHistory please try to to use the endonyms in order to make sense ,particularly in people's names ,topography ,cities names etc I know is sometimes dificult to consult someone with knowledge of the language that you reference is made upon a name s pronunciation but it will make a lot of sense
The last Roman Emperor as an Hellene should I be sad I don’t think so they slaughtered us like swine when we didn’t accept Christianity. The only thing in common the Hellenes had with the Eastern Roman Empire was at the end the Roman spoke Greek
Was already weak and surrounded by Turks, prolonged due to great walls. Looted by crusaders and neglected by holly Christians from west. Islam, Arabs and Muslims should be thankful to stand and fought the Christians, Turks had great service
In reality, whatever the ideological or religious differences between Christian Byzantine Greeks and Muslim Turks, they were not necessarily natural enemies. On the contrary, on an everyday basis Greeks and Turks interacted quite peaceably for much of the first half of the fifteenth century. They were neighbours and trading partners and noticeably adopted aspects of each other’s customs and language. Although they might disagree over whether Jesus Christ was God incarnate or simply a prophet.... What created the conflict were the policies pursued by those in power, whether ambitious Ottoman sultans who sought to promote themselves from leaders of a tribe to rulers of an empire, or meddlesome Byzantine emperors who believed that they could improve their precarious position by ill-judged stratagems. Indeed, political ambition rather than dogma lay behind most late medieval wars.Otherwise there would have been no Hundred Years War (1337-1453) between the Christian English and the equally Christian French and no clash between the Muslim Ottomans and their co-religionists and fellow Turks, the Karamanids. Book: THE End of Byzantium Author: Jonathan Harris Edition: 2010 Page - xxi
Its even more sad when you think that no kingdoms in the west helped them. Only those that volunteered helped but with their numbers being so small that it doesn't even matter since they're only delaying the fall.
The decline of Byzantium is one of the saddest arcs in the World History anime.
The Decline of Rome, The decline of our civilisation, it is a very sad event.
@@sandrojones8068 agreed
Don't worry. Roma est aeterna.
@@sandrojones8068 agreed x2
those stupid civil wars even when the turks besiege Bursa .
Isn't it ironic that both the Western and Eastern Roman Empires last emperors were named after both of their founders (Romulus and Constantine).
Roaming constantly
4 romes French Latin Greek Russian
I think the most ironic thing is that both empires were destroyed by the Turks in the western roman by the Hun Turks in the eastern roman by the Ottoman Turks.
@@KOMUTAN_KENDAL The Huns did some damage, but they did not destroy the western Empire. The Goths, Germans etc. delivered the final blow, alongside the internal decay of the empire. And the Huns were originally from northern China, known as the Xiong-Nu.
@@KOMUTAN_KENDAL no the western Roman Empire was mainly destroyed by Germanic barbarians
Well, Romulus Augustulus was not really the last emperor of the west. Iulius Nepos had a stronger claim to the title of western Augustus, while he was in exile in Dalmatia, which lasted until his assassination in 480. Not only that, Syagrius also had an incredibly strong claim. After the assassination of Maiorianus, and the beginning of a line of puppet emperors in the west controlled by the Germanic kingdoms, Syagrius rebelled, and refused to pronounce the new emperors as legitimate, instead preserving Roman rule in Northern Gaul, which lasted until 486. Also, the famed Roman general Flavius Belisarius briefly took the role of western emperor in 539, in order to decieve the Ostrogoths.
And even further still, Romano-Britons set up a kingdom in Northern Wales known as the Kingdom of Gwynedd, which claimed (with some genealogical proof) descent from the Britonnic Western Roman Emperor, Magnus Maximus. Gwynedd lasted until 1283, when it was conquered by the Kingdom of England.
So, it's complicated :P
“The city has fallen, and I am still alive.”
Last words of Constantine XI before charging into battle, never to be seen again.
Rome: Founded by a Romulus, fell under a Romulus.
Constantinople: Founded by a Constantine, fell under a Constantine.
History has its own humour...
Romolus Augustulus reigned over Ravenna not Rome...
@@carlosaugustodinizgarcia3526 and Rome inspired by romulus name
The Last Emperor was one of the best
If he was the best he would have saved the Empire.
@@jimmyyork841 no he wouldnt lol it was impossible not even augustus could save the empire if he was in constantine's position
@@resurrection3D U don't know that. Maybe byzantinne could have sued for peace and pleadged as a vassal and striked the ottomans when the opportunity came
@@jimmyyork841 I do know that the Ottomans wanted Constantinople no matter what, the peace and vassal option had already been attempted before with no luck, there was literally 0 options of saving that city, not even the best Emperor of all time could have saved that city, it had little to no money, barely any men, good weaponry, barely any cannons, etc. No way ever could Constantinople be saved.
Generally aren’t the last one by being the best.
Rome: Falls
Everyone: "I'm something of a Roman myself"
Me, italian, part Roman italian:
“I’m something of a Roman myself”
@@sandrojones8068 Do you know why Italy hasn't proclaimed itself the Roman Republic/Empire/Kingdom/Et cetera?
@@KraNisOG Oh, they did. It was mighty FASCIST ITALY
@@KraNisOG There was a Roman Republic in the 1800s based on the old republic.
In the city the drain covers still say SPQR
Culturally we are very fond of Rome.
There are Groups who want to be Roman again, and like Luis said we were Romans again, led by Mussolini but he rushed and got too involved with natseeism rather than Roman fascista
Me Greek: I am a Roman.
a glorious end to a glorious empire
As a greek from the island of Chios, I wanna inform that Chios is pronounced like: "He-os"
Constantine Palaiologos himself in the end proclaimed Constantinople the "refuge for Christians, hope and delight of all HELLENES".
George Phrantzes, History, 3.6.
The capture of Trebizond is also sad as well
Its a topic I look forward to covering in the future.
@@EasternRomanHistory look forward to it
"Present your shield, swords, arrows, and spears to them, imagining that you are a hunting party after wild boars, so that the impious may learn that they are dealing not with dumb animals but with their lords and masters, THE DESCENDANTS OF THE GREEKS AND THE ROMANS."
Constantine Palaologus XI speaks in front of his officers and allies before the final siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed Bey
George Sprantzes - The Fall of the Byzantine Empire 1453 primary source from the war.
Where were the latins?!!!!
@@heinrich3088 byzantines didn't know latin
@@jasons2199
Those in Italy and Rome did, though they were few
Well mehmed proved himself
And heaven was granted for him ,and he ahowed That allah is their lord and master
@@adnanhameed7600 your time has come
The last Emperor of the Romans. May he rest in peace!
The last summer, in the great Port of Greece, Piraeus, the Metropolis church of the city made a beautiful statue of the Constantine XII Palaeologos out of the Metropolitan church
Constantine XI Palaiologos is my favorite emperor ever. He showed what it means to be a leader to a nation. This world needs more leaders like this man
He was half Slavic, a Serb by his mom.
Me and the alien homies cried during season 1453 of earth 😭 the final episode of Rome when this legendary city fell was so sad that final stand scene gave me chills and this man’s speech was was incredible 😭
Then early in the first few seasons of the 2000s I got my chance to be in the show I hope we can bring Rome back
Yea this dude was a beast. They went out with a bang
Constantine is finally back. He used the Earthquake to shake the Ottomans apart and prepare to retake Constantinople! Amen!
What an amazing speech!
Just used this video for school, regarding one of my important projects. I can't thank you enough :). Have a nice day!
Glad to hear that.
with great respect and love from Turkey, don't do politics when treating people. friendship shall last among neighbours.
Same old song...
I agree, and indeed many Ottomans were honourable men whilst many Christians were not. It is sometimes unfortunate that the best of us find ourselves to be enemies.
Lol, you guys are still supporting the slaughter of Armenians, Kurds, you are still occupying Cyprus, to this day.
Not to mention the support to rigorist current of islam.
Turkey has always been a plague upon the West
IAM SORRY SIR BUT TURKS DONT BELONG TO THE Mediterranean......YOU ARE MULTIPUL NATIONS ONE NATION OF YOU ITS FROM Azerbaijan AND TURKMENISTAN WHAT ARE YOU DOING HERE THANK YOU.
You could always return Constantinople ya know?
That's a damn good speech.
This made me cry a little
In case there's any confusion, 'Αγία Σοφία' can translate as Saint Sophia or Holy Wisdom. The church's name is 'Church of the Holy Wisdom'. Gr proper: 'Ναὸς τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας'..... There is a Saint Sophia ('Sophia the Martyr', 'Sophia of Rome'...venerated both by Catholics & Orthodox), but it's not named for her.
Love how you used the Monster Hunter game theme music in this video. Matches very well the speech and makes great pump up.
[Konstantinos Palaiologos Final Speech]
".. Now he is threatening to capture the city of Constantine the Great, your home the place to which every Christian
fugitive turned for aid and *the guardian of all Greece* .."
-Leonard of Chios
Love this content! Great video!
Constantine XI should be remembered as one of the heroes of Western civilization.
Should be declared a Saint in the Orthodox church!
@@skyeorange-k8w
Fraudulent and peace breaker : 1
However, Emperor Constantine’s diplomatic relations with Venice ( in Italy) were complicated by his aggressive actions toward the republic while despot of the Morea ( in Greece). Specifically, Constantine’s capture of Patras ( Greece), a port city in the Moreote northwest, irritated Venice ( catholic)and characterized the future emperor as a maverick. In the fifteenth century, the city of Patras was administered by its Latin archbishop, Pandolfo Malatesta, under the suzerainty of the Papacy. The Venetians briefly held possession of the city between 1408 and 1419, but sold the city to the Latin ruler of Epiros, Carlo II Tocco, who later placed the city under Rome’s protection. However, the Venetians still coveted Patras as a commercial center and conducted a brisk trade within the city. They also still viewed the city as a target for Venetian territorial expansion in the Morea, as Patras was located across the Corinthian Gulf from their base of Naupaktos.
However, after John VIII established his brother Constantine in the northwest Morea as despot, the port city was a prime target for him as well. The despot did not waste time attacking the city. Constantine moved against Patras in 1428, shortly after his arrival in the Morea. However, even with the aid of his brothers John and Thomas, the despot could not capture the city. He accepted instead an annual tribute of 500 gold coins from the city’s defenders. While the Venetians in Naupaktos were not pleased with this arrangement between Patras and Despot Constantine, it still allowed them to maintain their commercial ties to the city as before.
Constantine’s subsequent actions surprised Venetian observers. Almost immediately, he laid siege to the city once again, this time with a larger, more committed army. The despot actively engaged the defenders, barely escaping death during a skirmish when archers killed his horse from under him. After a brief but intense struggle, the defenders and the despot reached an agreement, since the bishop was traveling through Italy during Constantine’s sieges of Patras. If he did not return after a month, the defenders would surrender to Constantine and proclaim him their overlord. When the metropolitan did not return in the allotted time, Patras surrendered to Despot Constantine, although the city’s citadel, defended by men loyal to the bishop (including some
Venetians), did not surrender for another twelve months. Constantine’s occupation of Patras annoyed the Venetians and frustrated their plans for domination over the city. In addition, the Byzantine capture of Patras threatened the status of Venetian mercantile interests in the city, as the despot could force new taxes to finance his further Moreote campaigns. Despot Constantine’s actions against Patras would become important after his accession to the throne in 1449, as the military campaign established him as a maverick in Venetian eyes. Even twenty years later (1453), the Republic of Venice viewed Constantine as a threat to their possessions in Greece and throughout the Levant, and was reluctant to provide him with aid. "
Source:
Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453)
Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006
Author: Adam William Hellebuyck.
Page: 83,84
@@skyeorange-k8w
Fraudulent and peace breaker emperor : 2
"Since Byzantium was essentially a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottaman sultan often oversaw changes in leadership. When John VIII died on October 31, 1448 without an heir, his two brothers Constantine and Demetrios contested the Byzantine throne. While Demetrios, a fervent opponent of the west, had the support of the anti-Unionist faction in Constantinople, Constantine was significantly more popular both in the Morea and in Constantinople. In addition, he possessed the support of his mother, Empress Helena, which added overwhelming credibility to Constantine’s claim to the empire. However, since the Byzantines were technically vassals of the Ottoman sultan,
Constantine agreed to submit the Byzantine succession to Murad-II ( Ottaman sultan at that time) for arbitration. Such an act of deference was extremely uncharacteristic of Constantine, especially because of his previous actions toward the Ottomans.
On December 6, 1448, George Sphrantzes ( one of the chief advisor) led an embassy to Murad’s court, and Constantine was chosen as the Byzantine emperor.
The new emperor hoped that his deference to Ottoman authority would help pacify the sultan while he deliberated on ways to combat the Turks. Once Sphrantzes returned from his embassy, the emperor sent Murad lavish gifts to commemorate a new period of peace between them.
Through this episode, Constantine showed false obsequiousness toward Murad-II in order to mask his true anti-Turkish sentiments. This was shown through his
attacks in Greece during and after the Crusade of Varna.
( Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453)
Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006
Author: Adam William Hellebuyck.
Page:41,42 )
"Emperor Constantine XI’s actions toward the Turks while despot of the Morea (from 1443 to 1448) show that he preferred to take decisive, aggressive action against the Ottomans, and that his acts of deference were merely a stalling tactic. The emperor, while ruling southern Greece, was clearly anti-Turkish in his views and policies. Constantine’s earliest actions against the Ottomans coincided with the Crusade of Varna, launched from Hungary in 1444. The Byzantines learned of the crusade in 1443, when John VIII went on a hunting expedition with the Italian traveler Cyriacus of Ancona.The Greeks thought of the crusade in two ways. First, they believed that if the Hungarians could fight their way to Constantinople, the city’s immediate encirclement would be relieved. They could then concentrate on re-conquering Thrace from the weakened Turks. Second, the
Greeks of the Morea, Constantine included, counted upon the crusade to provide a
necessary distraction so that they could reoccupy portions of central Greece.The despot used the distraction that the Western crusaders provided to conquer
several cities and towns from the Turks in Attica and Thessaly. The chronicler Doukas
explains that Constantine “foresaw the total destruction of the Turks” during his campaign throughout late 1444 and 1445. While the despot ( Constantine-XI) made considerable gains early in the campaign, once the crusaders were defeated at Varna, the sultan could focus his attention upon the Greeks. Despite overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Constantine refused to return control of the conquered territories to Sultan Murad II. Instead, he prepared for battle at the newly refortified Hexamilion wall across the Isthmus of Corinth. The Byzantines of the Morea also placed more emphasis upon exploiting human weaknesses in siege warfare than upon technological advantage, since they did not possess the financial resources necessary to outpace the Ottomans in military technology. Therefore, the isthmus walls were built in a medieval fashion, and did not possess any defensive artillery to discourage an Ottoman assault. Constantine misjudged the quality of his fortifications, as Murad, using gunpowder artillery, smashed through
them and routed the defenders. The Turks took over 60,000 prisoners, and Constantine barely escaped with his life. This episode shows Constantine’s tendency toward rash, aggressive actions against the Ottoman Turks even before his accession to the Byzantine throne.
( Thesis: Foreign relations and the end of byzantium - the use of personal diplomacy during the reign of Constantine-XI Palaiologs. (1448-1453)
Thesis submitted in University of Michigan on 2006
Author: Adam William Hellebuyck.
Page:44,45,46 )
Konstantinos Dragatsis Paleleologos the last Emperor of the Romans. Morior Invictus my emperor...
These martyrs were the true victors of the world. Latin and Greek united in the charity of divine charity
Rest in peace brave heirs of the Roman Empire
As a Ottoman decent I respect This man he is such a great historical figure may he rest in peace in heaven
Thanks for not using the anachronism ''Byzantine''. Also, the fall of the Romei - is at least in 1/2 done by the West, the Pope and the 4th Crusade.
Romans never surrendered. Greeks never surrendered. My ancestors revolted 120 times during the 400 years of ottoman occupation and 120 times this led to genocide. The 121th gave us back our freedom. Ottomans have left nothing to the global civilization and will be forgotten by history
Don’t forget about all the amazing furniture they gave us
Excellent channel, subscribed.
Thank you for the sub!
Very inspiring as it is;
If only the city hadn't been so greatly weakened by the disastrous 4th crusade. Oh well, they held as long as they could against overwhelming odds.
Great vid!
those interested, some monumental works regarding the Greek Byzantine Empire by three experts of Byzantine History, include;
Warren Treadgold;
“A Concise History of Byzantium”,
“A History of the Byzantine State and Society”,
“Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081”,
“The Byzantine Revival, 780-842”.
Gustav Schlumberger;
“Un empereur byzantin au dixieme siecle: Nicephore Phocas”,
“Byzance et les croisades”,
“Récits de Byzance et des croisades”,
“ Le siege la prise et le sac de Constantinople par les Turcs en 1453”.
Sir Steven Runciman;
“Byzantine Civilization”,
“The Fall of Constantinople 1453”,
“The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence”,
“Byzantine Style and Civilization”,
“The Last Byzantine Renaissance”.
Masterpieces.
Here’s a reminder: Napoleon, for the whiles of his campaigns, had the advantage, he escaped exile once and likely had the opportunity to escape it again, letting his own depression get the best of him for failing France, which still lived without him, and his 11 year or so campaign. This man, however, has the technological disadvantage, THOUSANDS of years of the Roman Empire, all of that would die tomorrow and everyone knew it. He held his head high, and became one of the most renowned Roman, yes, emperor of all time.
Excellent appraisal of the last Roman Emperor
Did the defenders of Constantinople have early firearms? I know of the great Ottoman cannon.Well done! God bless Constantinople!
They did, both Leonard of Chios (an eyewitness) and Laonikas Chalkokondyles, (a contemporary) say the Romans actually deployed cannon against the Turks although they didn't use them much as the recoil shook the walls. The Italian soldiers had quite a few troops armed with firearms.
The Fall Of Rome
Time too see the last roman emperor
The most sad thing about the eastern Roman empire that lasted more than 1000 years is how little ordinary people know about it, even Greeks that are being taught about it in schools. It was the peak of humanity and it is honestly sad that westoids had to forcefully insert their HRE narrative, to the point that it had to be renamed to Byzantine. The neologisms surrounding Greek history and culture is a travesty.
Μπράβο!
Don't mind me
just cutting onions
That speech make me want to cry😢😢😢
French author Jean Raspail wrote about Constanine XI (as "Colonel Dragases") in Camp of the Saints.
The fact venetians helped the Byzantium is in itself a pretty ironic thing.
Rome is not yet lost.
Imagine if Islam rose in times of Augustus, Hadrian, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius, all rebellious muslims would be crucified from Borders of Arabia to Rome along the road like the enemies of deserved. Sadly all great things must vanish one day.
In that situation Islam probably would’ve taken Christianity’s place as the successor of western paganism.
2:22 Constantine confirmed the union of the churches? The Catholic church couldn't care less what happened to Orthodox Christianity.
*Augustus, Julian, Constantine. They're ALL watching!*
May 29th 1453.Never forget....
The only outside chance they had would be a sneak attack at night.
“You will meet these BREASTS as men should “ 4:48 😂
Whoops, must have been a Freudian slip.
He also said at the end i delivere you my sceptre, please save it.
The Sceptre of Constantine xi appeared in the funeral Constantine II of Greece.
Constantine XI Emperor of the Romans "The city has fallen and I am still alive!"
Mehmed II Caeser of Rome " Constantinople ether I take you or you take me!"
Two great men fighting for their destiny
Mehmed was a child bapist and was gae.
Alright you got me. I'll subscribe
The font was a nice reference.
Could you give a direct source for where you got your translation of the speech? I kinda want to read it myself. :D
No problem, the whole of Leonard's letter is in 'The Siege of Constantinople 1453: Seven Contemporary accounts', translated by John Melville-Jones. I have a reference to it in the end credits.
this is how a city falls with glory and dignity
I won't cry.
I won't cry.
Amazing speech.
Makes me wanna liberate Istanbul again.
GF: Honey why are you crying?
Me:
I'm crying again.
What a great and lengthy speech. After it was ended, the Ottoman already won
The Byzantine Empire was one of the greatest civilizations this world has ever seen.
i wonder if we can listen to the original greek version somewhere.I
The speech in this is actually in Latin because it was written by Archbishop Leonard but the later version by Psuedo-George Sphrantzes can be found in the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae under George Sphrantzes.
@@EasternRomanHistory during that time population in constantinapolis used to speak both latin and greek?!? Here in turkey battle of manzikert is being thought as the battle which opened anatoli to turks.At the begginin of the battle Sultan(also commander) of the army gave a speech to boost the morale of the soldiers and that speech was said to be in persian.
@@bansheee1 Leonard was form Genoa, Catholic bishop of the Island of Chios. He was an ally of the defenders during the siege and reported back to the Pope what he saw after it fell. The Greeks themselves did not speak Latin and the westerners in the capital would have been speaking Italian and so on. However, the language of the Catholic church was Latin.
@@EasternRomanHistoryYeah but Constantine would have spoken Greek, as he was Greek, not Latin so who cares if the script was in Latin, if you were there at that moment in time you would have heard μαλακα not pizza
one day. Our Holy city will belong to the blessed mother again.
Curious, whats the song playing at 7:43 i've heard it on one of tyrannicon's vids before
That would be healing winds from Soul Calibur II.
excellent video. But one problem, I don't think I can contain myself in a later message without offending the Turks.
WE ARE ROMANS
I assume he said that in Greek.
Yes. Although the account this survives in, Leonard, wrote it in Latin, which bares a stroke of irony.
not in my life time but one day constantinople will be ours
Ottoman Sultans also respected his heroism.
What’s the difference between this one and the previous one ?
This speech is recorded by someone who was actually at the siege, the other is by an author that wrote one hundred year later and was based on this speech.
what a tragedy
One thing i know is that the Empire can call the ERH channel, A home!
he could've said sasageyo Rage my soldiers. Kidding aside, that was an epic last stand
1 day before the Roman Empire ended forever😭😭😭
Constantine XI is one of the best Christian warrior heroes, his bravery is legendary level.
Final Fantasy Tactics soundtrack. Most excellent
Its time to reclaim Constantinople, its part of Greece 🇬🇷 and it will be back to Greece
Yes!
Wrong it belongs to Thrace.
It's part of Rome, my brother
@@joshspeed6301 thrace belong to Greece
@@rvscitoold3816 no it was not Constantinople inhabited first by megarians from the ancient greek state of megaris
I don't that the fall of Byzantium was ever inevitable.
I think Constantine XI would have been a great emperor if he was in a different era. He was dealt an extremely shitty hand.
One day, that city will be free
Hahaha love that monster hunter music but it felt kinda out of place here though.
A queda de Constantinopla em 1453 compara-se à queda de Berlim em 1945.
559 years
BIJI KURDISTAN 🇬🇷❤️🇮🇷
The Archibishop of CHIOS ISLAND is pronounced as HEOS NOT AS HAËOS IN GREEK is ΧΊΟΣ .
I use exonyms (non-native words) for foreign proper names.
@@EasternRomanHistory you may use endonyms εnδοnems if you understand the etymology of this word as a neologism.But you miss the proper name of a place that still exist and has a history through the ages and pronounced the same throughout the years, for your own ,understanding I was really amazed for your endonymical pronunciation which indeed was abhorred, incomprehensible and subtly is trying to change the history
HOW you will pronounce The Massacre of Hios? In 1822
Your way ,nobody will know where is this place and what has happened there........
@@EasternRomanHistory the endonym of CHIOS IS HIOS OR Χίος IN GREEK learn what an endonym is and use it properly
And do not try to teach me the etymology of a greek word
Sorry I meant Exonym, I pronounce it the English way since Chios looks like chi-iota-omicron-sigma.
You sound like a bit of a linguist, perhaps you might try your hand at editing several of these ERE primary sources which are written in Greek. The History of Nikephoros Gregoras needs a new edition. Perhaps you should make a few enquires. Let me know how you get on!@@dimitriosvlissides5781
@@EasternRomanHistory please try to to use the endonyms in order to make sense ,particularly in people's names ,topography ,cities names etc I know is sometimes dificult to consult someone with knowledge of the language that you reference is made upon a name s pronunciation but it will make a lot of sense
I'm proud to be named Constantine.
The last Roman Emperor as an Hellene should I be sad I don’t think so they slaughtered us like swine when we didn’t accept Christianity. The only thing in common the Hellenes had with the Eastern Roman Empire was at the end the Roman spoke Greek
Was already weak and surrounded by Turks, prolonged due to great walls. Looted by crusaders and neglected by holly Christians from west. Islam, Arabs and Muslims should be thankful to stand and fought the Christians, Turks had great service
This guy sounds like hes crying
I can't understand it SMH
In reality, whatever the ideological or religious differences between
Christian Byzantine Greeks and Muslim Turks, they were not necessarily natural enemies. On the contrary, on an everyday basis Greeks
and Turks interacted quite peaceably for much of the first half of the fifteenth century. They were neighbours and trading partners and
noticeably adopted aspects of each other’s customs and language. Although they might disagree over whether Jesus Christ was God
incarnate or simply a prophet.... What created
the conflict were the policies pursued by those in power, whether ambitious Ottoman sultans who sought to promote themselves from leaders
of a tribe to rulers of an empire, or meddlesome Byzantine emperors
who believed that they could improve their precarious position by ill-judged stratagems. Indeed, political ambition rather than dogma lay behind most late medieval wars.Otherwise there would have been no Hundred Years War (1337-1453) between the Christian
English and the equally Christian French and no clash between the
Muslim Ottomans and their co-religionists and fellow Turks, the Karamanids.
Book: THE End of Byzantium
Author: Jonathan Harris
Edition: 2010
Page - xxi
I like your channel, but the history of the Eastern Roman is almost always depressing.
Thank you. It perks up more often than one might think.
Its sad that Constantinopole wasnt liberated for so long
Its even more sad when you think that no kingdoms in the west helped them. Only those that volunteered helped but with their numbers being so small that it doesn't even matter since they're only delaying the fall.
Ive fallen and cant get up😅😅😅😅😅😅😅
The foundation of Istanbul started with a magnificently tragic demise of last ruler of Constantinople.
Istabul is modern
The bad ending