The stuff she said about ATP 'absorbing' the energy and that's how its made is completely wrong btw. ATP is made via ATP synthase. As the electrons pass through the electron transport chain they pump H+ across the membrane into the lumen, building a proton gradient. These H+ then pass down the proton gradient via ATP synthase, forming ATP.
+Alfie Bru I agree, I was wondering the same thing. The H+ proton gradient in the process of chemiosmosis is what actually generates ATP via the ATP Synthase, like you said.
I am about to I actually low-key thought they were right and now after the comments I recognize info that I saw in my textbook with ATP synthase and now I realized I wasted 8 min before my exam in two hours
I am sorry, but watching this video while sitting in an IB Biology lesson (2nd year of IB) I noticed that this video is filled with false information of how this process takes place. I request this video to be taken down if possible so that it doesn't hinder students who are revising.
Yep, sure is: it should definitely be taken down. Normally not a fan of Pearson but I figured they'd appreciate an email about these clowns using their copyrighted images in their video!
One huge mistake is that energy is not just passed to "ATP" to form ATP, it happens through chemiosmosis (i.e. a proton gradient that spins atp synthase to form ATP from ADP). ATP does not just absorbed energy from the electron transport chain in the luman. Also, the sole job of Cyt. b6/f is not just to transport electrons, it contributes to the Q- pool, and dumps H+ in the luman to make ATP in both non-cyclic, but more importantly, cyclic e- flow .
This is correct, energy is used from the electron to travel more hydrogen ions (H+) to the tylokoid space. These ions (and other hydrogen ions) are then "pushed out" through a ATP-synthase beacuse of diffusion and the ATP-synthase take use of this work/energy to create ATP! But then of course, it is not entirely incorrect to say that the electron transport use the gained energy to create ATP-synthase. It's just more steps and surely there are other steps in the whole process all together that are simplyfied.
sebastian cuello This is very dangerous..imagine people answer this way in their final examination. Speaking of that, my biology(cell) paper is just at this 2.30pm. Wish me luck!
The photon does not just excite the electrons exclusively, it excites the chlorophyll a (p680) molecule in the reaction center. The whole molecule moves up, not just the electrons.
Nonononono... I'm watching to learn not teach. ATP is not "absorbed," technically. The cytochrome complex uses the (e-) to pump H ions into the thylakoid space from the stroma. The high concentration of H ions inside the thylakoid stx. is higher than in the stroma. H ions then flow through the protein ATP-Synthase back into the stroma (down their concentration gradient) to level out the solute concentrations. The solute in this case are the H ions. This flow of protons (H+) through ATP-Synthase powers the phosphorylation of ADP, turning it into ATP. I'm really sorry I love biology and I can't leave this be.
PS2 and PS1 both are a part of generating NADPH, since they are included in non-cyclic flow. PH1, however does not technically "generate" NADPH, ferredoxin and ferredoxin NADP+ does. PS1 is just apart of the cycle.
I am sorry but some detail are incorrect. Though the general picture is correct. Electron movement sequence in photosystem 2 is particularly incorrect. When light hits a light absorbing molecule like chlorophyll it forms an exciton (electron hole pair) then the excition migrates to the P680 where an electron is promoted to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of p680. Pheophytin almost immediately captures that excited electron on P680 and carries it away to plastoquinone etc. That leaves a "hole" (positive charged) in p680 hence p680+. The hole is the driving force in ripping the electron off of water. Also light don't bounce around in the light harvesting complex, it is the exciton diffusion. I won't go into details of that but in essence energy is transferred from individual chlorophyll molecules to p680.
I would disagree that the electron is 'ripped off water'. The splitting of a water molecule in the stroma breaks water into oxygen, 2 electrons and 2 H+ ions. Since the P680 has been oxidised it becomes P680+. Now, P680+ has an affinity for an electron to become neutral again and it draws up the electron that comes from the water molecule which has already split. :) You use lovely biological terminology, well done
+Arnold Appolis Water doesn't simply split. In fact we don't know exactly how water is split, but what we do know is that: 1. it requires a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself to oxidize water, 2. it does rip the electrons from the water molecule in order to split it, and 3. electrons do not float around freely, instead they are transferred through a series of electron accepting compounds.
By reading the comments, it looks like people here never heard about the OEC oxigen evolving complex, which has 4 Mn to take 4 electrons from 2H2O. In fact 2H2O --- > o2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The 4 e- are absorbed by the 4 Mn for every 2 molecules of water.
Watching videos for my class tomorrow for me to learn more and validate what I knew. And this video somehow showed me that I have learned for I have spotted mistakes. Great effort though. Maybe they're just nervous and messed up some info. Thank you still and also to the people who commented the correct info.
thanks FUCKING much for being clear and simple ! even if there is that little mistake that people seems to clarifiy in the comments it surely juste saved me my future exam ! thx again for being more clear than a teacher who is paid to do it poorly
Ha, "just another protein" that one is actually important because it pushes an H+ against the concentration gradient, depleting some of the electrons' energy, which is then used in chemiosmosis latter on. The other ones aren't as important though just the BBF complex
It's a good basis if you are completely lost but some info is misleading. Thank you guys for giving it a try. I know how hard it is to make videos for the world to see. Please fix and reupload if possible.
hello this is correct. This is the LINEAR ELECTRON FLOW. The one that you guys are talking about with the inclusion of ATP Synthase is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. Linear Electron Flow is obviously NON CYCLIC whilst the Electron Transport Chain is CYCLIC. Linear consists of: Photosystem 1 and 2 and complex proteins. ETC consists of 4 Complex proteins and an ATP Synthase. Thank you
The photon is the one that excites the P680 and causes it to becomes excited and lose electrons thereby forming the cationic radical. I’m order to return this radical back to its ground state, that is when H2O is hydrolised. So water donates electrons to the P680 radical and reduces it back to its ground state. While the electron lost from p680 is transferred to plastoquinone.
By reading the comments, it looks like people here never heard about the OEC oxigen evolving complex, which has 4 Mn to take 4 electrons from 2H2O. In fact 2H2O --- > o2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The 4 e- are absorbed by the 4 Mn for every 2 molecules of water.
You refer to the complex around the reaction center as a light harvesting complex, this is incorrect. That is an antenna complex, light harvesting complexes just associate with photosystems, and they do not contain a reaction center (see "Biology of Plants" pg. 130).
They made a lot od mistakes.. Plants use ATP and NADPH for Calvin cycle..And in second part of fotosynthesis they adopt CO2 from the air and use that energy ( ATP and NADPH) for synthesize sugar(glucose)..they dont make sugar from ATP and NADPH!!
You state that chloroplasts are found on leafs, this is not the only place they are found (see Biology of Plants book). Your picture of a sunflower has a photosynthetic stem.
ya benjamin and Alfie talk true, i gotta bring some truth in this 'cause u said (in the video) that the electron who goes to PQ is coming from the water its not really that. I explain : . the electron who go first to the PQ is taken by the photonic energy FROM the A chlorophyle is the reactional center(P680) and AFTER the electroneutrality need to be restored, and THEN a molecule named Z is reducing H2O to take an electron. and "give" it to the reactional center P680 who need to have an electron to be electricaly neutral AND have a possibility to receive another excitation from photons. THEN he can give another electron to the PQ who need 2 electrons to carry it to the cytochrom b6f. PQ is now PQ²- take 2H+ from the stroma become PQH2, go to the cytochrom b6f give 2H+ . then the Pc took the 2e-(2H+) from b6f and go to the PS1, and its the same working way in the PS1 (but with different molecules). I cant explain all because its too long ^^but its important to understand that the e- is taken from the P680 and AFTER an e- is coming from the water. Have a nice day =)=) Ps: sry for my english im french ^^
ATP is not made in the way you describe. The electron move along the ETC as you described losing a Little energy along the way. It is analogous to passing an object from person to person down the stairs. The object is losing a little bit of potential energy with each pass. The energy doesn’t just disappear of course, but is used to pump protons from the stroma side to the lumen side of the membrane. It is the energy stored in that gradient which is used to make ATP. When the protons flow through ATP synthase, it powers the phosphorylation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Understanding how energy is converted from state to state is essential to understanding photosynthesis.
In photo system 2 the electrons go to reaction center to p700 and get activated moving up to PRIMARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR not the reaction center which it is in.
In second part plant uses CO2...This is light part(first) and in dark part(second) of fotosynthensis,the plant adopts CO2 and in proces called Calvin cycle,it makes sugar..
aaaa upon reading the comments, the happiness i felt immediately faded. i was struggling bcoz i didn't get our lesson and i thought i get it now because i completely understood how they explained photosystem II and I. then when I read the comments my face went from 🥰😆 to 😳😭 LMAOOOOOO WHY TF DIDN'T I READ THE COMMENTS FIRST! HNGGGG I WASTED MY TIME TAKING NOTES🙄 BUT TY STILL BUT PLEASE TAKE DOWN THIS VIDEO.
its a good video, the question im trying to answer is how. need more detail. it is a very complex process and you did a good job. thank you for time and effort
Please take this down there are lots of students (much like myself) that rely on videos and animations to make sense of coursework but lots of info in this video is incorrect and I just wrote down "Energy is absorbed by ATP and then ATP is made" in my notes and then realized what I wrote... seriously take this down or reupload it with fixed errors.
Waaaw photosystems are enzymes wtf man dont confuse people who are already confused. There are a network of complex structures electron transport chains acceptors and other complexes that harvest solar energy .
beautifully explained thank you guys... you should do every bio chapter like this! the break down is genius and well explained! i just subscribed keep up the good work!
Lovely video, although the biological terminology needs some improvement. In photosystem II, when the photoexcited electron is transferred to the series of proteins in the electron transport chain, a redox reaction occurs. Also, the electron is transferred in this transport chain because each successive protein molecule is more electronegative than the previous protein molecule, hence the successive protein molecule will pull the electron towards itself. This exergonic fall of electrons to a lower energy level provides energy and hence the gradient for the synthesis of ATP. :)
The ETC generates ATP by a Proton pump like Alfie Bru stated. Also the second guy said that the Primary electron acceptor in photosystem I is the reaction complex. That was wrong.
The stuff she said about ATP 'absorbing' the energy and that's how its made is completely wrong btw. ATP is made via ATP synthase. As the electrons pass through the electron transport chain they pump H+ across the membrane into the lumen, building a proton gradient. These H+ then pass down the proton gradient via ATP synthase, forming ATP.
+Alfie Bru //Thanks:)
+Alfie Bru I agree, I was wondering the same thing. The H+ proton gradient in the process of chemiosmosis is what actually generates ATP via the ATP Synthase, like you said.
I paused the video right when she said that and looked for this comment. I wanted to make sure I wasn't wrong lol
Alfie Bru there is literally so much misinformation in this video
I don't blame the misunderstandings, the topic is too complex
please take this down, I was about to fail a class until I read the comments lol.
I am about to I actually low-key thought they were right and now after the comments I recognize info that I saw in my textbook with ATP synthase and now I realized I wasted 8 min before my exam in two hours
same bro
Same bruh I got exam tomorrow
I am sorry, but watching this video while sitting in an IB Biology lesson (2nd year of IB) I noticed that this video is filled with false information of how this process takes place. I request this video to be taken down if possible so that it doesn't hinder students who are revising.
Yep, sure is: it should definitely be taken down. Normally not a fan of Pearson but I figured they'd appreciate an email about these clowns using their copyrighted images in their video!
One huge mistake is that energy is not just passed to "ATP" to form ATP, it happens through chemiosmosis (i.e. a proton gradient that spins atp synthase to form ATP from ADP). ATP does not just absorbed energy from the electron transport chain in the luman. Also, the sole job of Cyt. b6/f is not just to transport electrons, it contributes to the Q- pool, and dumps H+ in the luman to make ATP in both non-cyclic, but more importantly, cyclic e- flow .
4:32 THIS IS NOT HOW ATP IS MADE. ATP is made via ATP-synthase (a protein). Be careful
you are right ATP is not created through the decrease of energy of electrons through the ETC, this video is going to feed people the wrong answer
This is correct, energy is used from the electron to travel more hydrogen ions (H+) to the tylokoid space. These ions (and other hydrogen ions) are then "pushed out" through a ATP-synthase beacuse of diffusion and the ATP-synthase take use of this work/energy to create ATP! But then of course, it is not entirely incorrect to say that the electron transport use the gained energy to create ATP-synthase. It's just more steps and surely there are other steps in the whole process all together that are simplyfied.
sebastian cuello This is very dangerous..imagine people answer this way in their final examination. Speaking of that, my biology(cell) paper is just at this 2.30pm. Wish me luck!
Thanks
Warning: Content in here is incorrect
I'm german but I prefer this video for learning. I thought I hated this topic till this moment, I understand this shit now. Thanks.
congratz... you took the beautiful truth... called it shit and understood it wrong with bad material exluding ATP synthase
same here.
The photon does not just excite the electrons exclusively, it excites the chlorophyll a (p680) molecule in the reaction center. The whole molecule moves up, not just the electrons.
Nonononono... I'm watching to learn not teach. ATP is not "absorbed," technically. The cytochrome complex uses the (e-) to pump H ions into the thylakoid space from the stroma. The high concentration of H ions inside the thylakoid stx. is higher than in the stroma. H ions then flow through the protein ATP-Synthase back into the stroma (down their concentration gradient) to level out the solute concentrations. The solute in this case are the H ions. This flow of protons (H+) through ATP-Synthase powers the phosphorylation of ADP, turning it into ATP. I'm really sorry I love biology and I can't leave this be.
Thanks Ruslan Bryan! You just clarified some of the things I wasn't sure of
PS2 and PS1 both are a part of generating NADPH, since they are included in non-cyclic flow.
PH1, however does not technically "generate" NADPH, ferredoxin and ferredoxin NADP+ does. PS1 is just apart of the cycle.
I have never heard of a "sugar complex," usually people say that ATP and HADPH goes on to help run the Calvin Cycle.
the girl has no idea what shes talking about; but she has a great ability to memorize!
neither did
I am sorry but some detail are incorrect. Though the general picture is correct. Electron movement sequence in photosystem 2 is particularly incorrect. When light hits a light absorbing molecule like chlorophyll it forms an exciton (electron hole pair) then the excition migrates to the P680 where an electron is promoted to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of p680. Pheophytin almost immediately captures that excited electron on P680 and carries it away to plastoquinone etc. That leaves a "hole" (positive charged) in p680 hence p680+. The hole is the driving force in ripping the electron off of water. Also light don't bounce around in the light harvesting complex, it is the exciton diffusion. I won't go into details of that but in essence energy is transferred from individual chlorophyll molecules to p680.
I would disagree that the electron is 'ripped off water'. The splitting of a water molecule in the stroma breaks water into oxygen, 2 electrons and 2 H+ ions. Since the P680 has been oxidised it becomes P680+. Now, P680+ has an affinity for an electron to become neutral again and it draws up the electron that comes from the water molecule which has already split. :) You use lovely biological terminology, well done
+Arnold Appolis Water doesn't simply split. In fact we don't know exactly how water is split, but what we do know is that: 1. it requires a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself to oxidize water, 2. it does rip the electrons from the water molecule in order to split it, and 3. electrons do not float around freely, instead they are transferred through a series of electron accepting compounds.
By reading the comments, it looks like people here never heard about the OEC oxigen evolving complex, which has 4 Mn to take 4 electrons from 2H2O. In fact 2H2O --- > o2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The 4 e- are absorbed by the 4 Mn for every 2 molecules of water.
I wanted to ask something. What is p680 and p700?
The ATP isn't "absorbing" energy. It's done through ATP-synthase and H+ ion movement to be short. Rest of the demonstration is very good. Thank you.
Watching videos for my class tomorrow for me to learn more and validate what I knew. And this video somehow showed me that I have learned for I have spotted mistakes. Great effort though. Maybe they're just nervous and messed up some info. Thank you still and also to the people who commented the correct info.
In PS1, the reaction center is not at the top, it's really at the bottom, where the reaction occurs for that process.
I feel like you don't really know what you're talking about lmao
she doesnt XD
very well explained thank you, i didn’t understand most things i watched until this
thanks FUCKING much for being clear and simple ! even if there is that little mistake that people seems to clarifiy in the comments it surely juste saved me my future exam !
thx again for being more clear than a teacher who is paid to do it poorly
bro the coughs 5:05 in the background shooooookkkkk meeee wallah
thought someone was behind me frl
Ha, "just another protein" that one is actually important because it pushes an H+ against the concentration gradient, depleting some of the electrons' energy, which is then used in chemiosmosis latter on. The other ones aren't as important though just the BBF complex
It's a good basis if you are completely lost but some info is misleading. Thank you guys for giving it a try. I know how hard it is to make videos for the world to see. Please fix and reupload if possible.
After PS1, its not "NADP+ reductase," its ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR for short).
hello this is correct. This is the LINEAR ELECTRON FLOW. The one that you guys are talking about with the inclusion of ATP Synthase is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. Linear Electron Flow is obviously NON CYCLIC whilst the Electron Transport Chain is CYCLIC. Linear consists of: Photosystem 1 and 2 and complex proteins. ETC consists of 4 Complex proteins and an ATP Synthase. Thank you
"the energy its absorbed by ATP, and then ATP is made." that confused me even more, but thank you!
THATS NOT WHATS GOING ON. THEY ARE WRONG!! I know this comment is 8 months old but still😭😭
The photon is the one that excites the P680 and causes it to becomes excited and lose electrons thereby forming the cationic radical. I’m order to return this radical back to its ground state, that is when H2O is hydrolised. So water donates electrons to the P680 radical and reduces it back to its ground state. While the electron lost from p680 is transferred to plastoquinone.
yes, details are incorrect. one is at the water splitting and another at the ATP formation.
By reading the comments, it looks like people here never heard about the OEC oxigen evolving complex, which has 4 Mn to take 4 electrons from 2H2O. In fact 2H2O --- > o2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The 4 e- are absorbed by the 4 Mn for every 2 molecules of water.
You refer to the complex around the reaction center as a light harvesting complex, this is incorrect. That is an antenna complex, light harvesting complexes just associate with photosystems, and they do not contain a reaction center (see "Biology of Plants" pg. 130).
Lovely explained very difficult topic in very easy in manner simply to say superb
Welp I’m going to fail, literally just watched this 15 minutes before an exam.
They made a lot od mistakes.. Plants use ATP and NADPH for Calvin cycle..And in second part of fotosynthesis they adopt CO2 from the air and use that energy ( ATP and NADPH) for synthesize sugar(glucose)..they dont make sugar from ATP and NADPH!!
You state that chloroplasts are found on leafs, this is not the only place they are found (see Biology of Plants book). Your picture of a sunflower has a photosynthetic stem.
don't know why but m chocking just by hearing the way she is talking
Videos like this keeps me from being a sex slave to instructors to get an A
ya benjamin and Alfie talk true, i gotta bring some truth in this 'cause u said (in the video) that the electron who goes to PQ is coming from the water its not really that. I explain :
. the electron who go first to the PQ is taken by the photonic energy FROM the A chlorophyle is the reactional center(P680) and AFTER the electroneutrality need to be restored, and THEN a molecule named Z is reducing H2O to take an electron. and "give" it to the reactional center P680 who need to have an electron to be electricaly neutral AND have a possibility to receive another excitation from photons.
THEN he can give another electron to the PQ who need 2 electrons to carry it to the cytochrom b6f. PQ is now PQ²- take 2H+ from the stroma become PQH2, go to the cytochrom b6f give 2H+ . then the Pc took the 2e-(2H+) from b6f and go to the PS1, and its the same working way in the PS1 (but with different molecules).
I cant explain all because its too long ^^but its important to understand that the e- is taken from the P680 and AFTER an e- is coming from the water.
Have a nice day =)=)
Ps: sry for my english im french ^^
.
Your explain very clearly and fantastic ❤
ATP is not made in the way you describe. The electron move along the ETC as you described losing a Little energy along the way. It is analogous to passing an object from person to person down the stairs. The object is losing a little bit of potential energy with each pass. The energy doesn’t just disappear of course, but is used to pump protons from the stroma side to the lumen side of the membrane. It is the energy stored in that gradient which is used to make ATP. When the protons flow through ATP synthase, it powers the phosphorylation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Understanding how energy is converted from state to state is essential to understanding photosynthesis.
please dont follow this video most of the info are fals
3:03
Oxygen radical, actually. "Oxygen molecule" usually refers to Oxygen's diatomic form of O₂
Good teacher they really know how to teach
This video has a lot of lapses and incorrect information about the whole process. Particularly regarding ATP synthesis
u guys are so good at explaining this!! way better than any teacher! good work guys! Thanks xx
In photo system 2 the electrons go to reaction center to p700 and get activated moving up to PRIMARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR not the reaction center which it is in.
You got some stuff wrong here.
who is the primary electron acceptor??
I'm 2 years late but I believe it's pheophytin. :)
Guys, thank you for saving me, i got a test tomorrow and your video was great for studying. Greetings from Mexico.
At which step is CO2 removed from the air and turned into sugar?
In second part plant uses CO2...This is light part(first) and in dark part(second) of fotosynthensis,the plant adopts CO2 and in proces called Calvin cycle,it makes sugar..
aaaa upon reading the comments, the happiness i felt immediately faded. i was struggling bcoz i didn't get our lesson and i thought i get it now because i completely understood how they explained photosystem II and I. then when I read the comments my face went from 🥰😆 to 😳😭 LMAOOOOOO WHY TF DIDN'T I READ THE COMMENTS FIRST! HNGGGG I WASTED MY TIME TAKING NOTES🙄 BUT TY STILL BUT PLEASE TAKE DOWN THIS VIDEO.
What is 680nm and 700nm ?
If everyone in these comments already know how these systems work, why are y’all even watching this video?
4:31 THIS IS NOT HOW ATP IS MADE. ATP is made via ATP-synthase (a protein)
please read the comments before following through with this video
i like it but please use 2H2O IN PHOTO 2 so that 2 electrons are produced and to combine with (H+) IN PHOTO 1 form (H-)
What is the meaning p680 and p700??
a whole chapter down to just 8 minutes nice
amazing overview! thank you
Doesn't ATP and NADPH need to go through the Calvin cycle now in order to produce sugar/glucose ????
An electron is lost when light hits photosystem 2 and the breakdown of water replaces it
You have explained it very nicely 😊 I got it thanks
Complete RUBBISH!
PS-2 are absent in -
1. C4 plant
2. C3 plant
3. CAM plant
4. C4 and CAM plant
5. none
Thank you guys! This was really helpful! I read like three different texts about it and didnt get it all, but now I know how it works! Thanks again :)
I'm french and I've finally understand this topic !!! yeah !! thank you very much to have done this video !!! :*
I really hope you know what you're talm'bout because I didn't understand a bit of the chapter or my prof's lecture. GREAT JOB! EXCELLENT!!!
Whats the difference of P680 and chlorophyll a?
No difference. P680 is an example of chlorophyll a. So is P700
okay this is epic
Photons dont bounce between pigments-_-
Wow, good good
its a good video, the question im trying to answer is how. need more detail. it is a very complex process and you did a good job. thank you for time and effort
Do you have any videos that follow this structure for Cellular plant respiration? This is a really useful revision aid! Thank you!
I love refering this video to friends
Please take this down there are lots of students (much like myself) that rely on videos and animations to make sense of coursework but lots of info in this video is incorrect and I just wrote down "Energy is absorbed by ATP and then ATP is made" in my notes and then realized what I wrote... seriously take this down or reupload it with fixed errors.
Waooo amazing... Thanks.. 🙂🙂
Great video. Captures the big picture, just a slight error on how ATP is generated. Other than that, great explanation!(:
This video isn't completely accurate. Would be nice if you redid it with more accurate information...
Waaaw photosystems are enzymes wtf man dont confuse people who are already confused. There are a network of complex structures electron transport chains acceptors and other complexes that harvest solar energy .
nice explanation initially
This is cool!
Could you guys do stuff on light independent reactions and also other stuff in the scheme of work
This video just saved my grade in bio
beautifully explained thank you guys... you should do every bio chapter like this! the break down is genius and well explained! i just subscribed keep up the good work!
Thanks for this video l get more information from this.
This was such a good video it helped so much!!
Lovely video, although the biological terminology needs some improvement. In photosystem II, when the photoexcited electron is transferred to the series of proteins in the electron transport chain, a redox reaction occurs. Also, the electron is transferred in this transport chain because each successive protein molecule is more electronegative than the previous protein molecule, hence the successive protein molecule will pull the electron towards itself. This exergonic fall of electrons to a lower energy level provides energy and hence the gradient for the synthesis of ATP. :)
In 2021
not clear explanation, confusing one
Thank you soo much! So helpful I'm studying for a test!
Thank you so much guys... You helped a lot...
this was amazing
good job
Bangla is my mother language
iyi hazirlanmis
The ETC generates ATP by a Proton pump like Alfie Bru stated. Also the second guy said that the Primary electron acceptor in photosystem I is the reaction complex. That was wrong.
well this vid helped me to get an A in my test~ so thanks!
I should have found this earlier... Mindblowing 🙀
awesome!
Liked this 👏🏿👏🏿
thank you so much
thank you for this
Congratulations , you are very good teachers !