What is the circular economy? | CNBC Explains

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 138

  • @Dark__Thoughts
    @Dark__Thoughts 4 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    What I like about this, is the fact that it would favor quality again, instead of incentivizing a product to break down after the warranty runs out (if it even has one), while mass producing one after another new model to replace the old one as soon as possible.

  • @anupamappar5456
    @anupamappar5456 5 ปีที่แล้ว +81

    This is actually beneficial for companies because they can hold on to customer for years. For example if the bulb gets fused instead of buying a new bulb of some other company.. customer would have to use the bulb of same company as he is already paying subscription for it. This is also a downside for the customers though as it would be tough for them to switch companies of same product..

    • @rifkyprakoso9288
      @rifkyprakoso9288 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If you want to switch companies, you can just return your old stuff to the previous company and purchase the same new stuff from a competitor company that applied the circular supply chain model as well. The subscription doesn't have to last a lifetime.

    • @NiffirgkcaJ
      @NiffirgkcaJ 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@rifkyprakoso9288 but there's a contract, it's much more easier to just let a contract expire, then make a new one with another company.

    • @avengers9286
      @avengers9286 ปีที่แล้ว

      Great comment. This made me understand the circular economy in depth.

    • @qazwsxedcrfvtgb8877
      @qazwsxedcrfvtgb8877 ปีที่แล้ว

      This is not a circular economy this is communism disguised as a circular economy. Imagine if a billionaire owned everything in your house.

  • @SkillSlate
    @SkillSlate ปีที่แล้ว +2

    🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
    00:00 🌟 Circular economy leases products, changing ownership and disposal approach.
    00:32 🔄 Linear economy relies on 'take, make, dispose', assuming infinite resources.
    01:00 💡 Circular model: Make, use, return; lease products like lightbulbs.
    01:27 🛍️ Companies like H&M embrace circular strategies, recycle old garments.
    02:24 💰 Transitioning to circular economy could boost GDP, but involves costs.
    02:49 💼 Challenges include redesigning supply chains, logistics, and mindset shift.
    Made with HARPA AI

  • @richardgregory3684
    @richardgregory3684 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    "Lots of companies are looking for ways to get involved". Yeah I bet they are. They'd just LOVE for everyone to become a dependent renter.

  • @olebrasderuiter1200
    @olebrasderuiter1200 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    You can also own stuff in a circular economy you don’t have to lease everything as long as the dispose part is done differently then it is done today

  • @fatinamira8939
    @fatinamira8939 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1


    LCA is a “game changer” for circular economy

    Keywords (finite resources, business model, circular supply chain)

    Take-use-dispose

    Make-use-return

    Production-consumption- repair-manufacturing-waste management

  • @vevelombez6082
    @vevelombez6082 6 ปีที่แล้ว +37

    Dude, that was magic at 0:02

  • @clairedorey4081
    @clairedorey4081 5 ปีที่แล้ว +46

    Unfortunately H&M only recycles 10-15% of the clothes that are returned to them:( The rest go to developing countries or are disposed of:( Read their latest sustainability report - it's all there closer to the end of report.

    • @sunnyinamorata6574
      @sunnyinamorata6574 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      most are resold as ukay- ukay or like thrft shops.

    • @Callmeqaver
      @Callmeqaver 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Account99 How is it not bad? Low quality fruits and vegetables are already dumped in developing countries, you want us to lower our standard of living by accepting lower quality clothes too? Its like there is no concept of equity

    • @Sanjay-ub7eq
      @Sanjay-ub7eq 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Account99 then keep your waste with yourself

    • @houstonkasen3068
      @houstonkasen3068 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      dunno if anyone gives a damn but I just hacked my gfs Instagram password by using InstaPlekt. You can find it by Googling if you wanna try it yourself

    • @tophugo2
      @tophugo2 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@sunnyinamorata6574 E

  • @AnaCristinaFigueiraC
    @AnaCristinaFigueiraC 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    H&M is fast fashion.
    It doesn't matter that they collect old clothes.
    Their model still relies on producing high volumes of clothes with meh quality, and continually launch new designs and marketing promotions so that you replace your clothes quickly.
    I definetly would not use any fast fashion business in a topic like this, even if they recycle or reuse

    • @chrism8180
      @chrism8180 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      And the same thing would happen with other products as well. This isn't to promote sustainability, quite the opposite. You lease a product for so long(1-2 years), then turn it in and get the next model. It's all bullshit to keep manufacturing in operation, which gives jobs, which has employees paying taxes, ect. Keeping that money flowing. It's similar to planned obsolescence. It's just another greenwashing scam. And also a way to increase profits. All lies 😡

    • @JoseMartinez-bj6cs
      @JoseMartinez-bj6cs 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Isn't that the point, though? That the more damaging companies move to more sustainable models?

  • @doodelay
    @doodelay 7 ปีที่แล้ว +38

    Elizabeth is one of your best hosts guys. Hope you realize this!

  • @epichaxer2265
    @epichaxer2265 6 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    People need to have a circular mindset

  • @FedJimSmith
    @FedJimSmith 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    let's support those companies guys... It will pay off in the long run for all of us

  • @SamvitAgarwal
    @SamvitAgarwal 6 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    Although I definitely do see the benefits of such an economic system, I believe that it might just be an inconvenience to many people as it ultimately brings about a boatload of what are basically subscriptions, things that generally don't have a good reputation with regards to the public. At some point it is simply no longer in the benefit of an individual to keep an item and throwing it away may just make more financial sense than constantly paying for it. However, I do see the potential gains from this system as this will push companies to ultimately keep updating and improving their products in order to keep their customers.

    • @manictiger
      @manictiger 6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      They need another way to implement this. No one wants more fucking bills.

    • @andrew-paulclements1502
      @andrew-paulclements1502 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Maybe a "Buy, Use, Return, Recycle"
      I buy a lightbulb, it is mine, i pay for it once
      I use it until it burns out
      I return the lightbulb to the manufacturer
      The Manufacturer can now reuse some of the resources in the construction of a new lightbulb

    • @nandakishore7070
      @nandakishore7070 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      people are lazy.they don't return to manufacturer if they own it.

  • @JJs_playground
    @JJs_playground 6 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    This is great news, we need more of this.

    • @aarone1777
      @aarone1777 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      If only enough people cared; but the "conservites" will never go for any good things (for the planet) ideas!

  • @shashankjajoo
    @shashankjajoo 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It's possible for a product like apparel to take longer time for acceptance than a light bulb.
    Completely on board!

  • @LorelynTDumaug
    @LorelynTDumaug ปีที่แล้ว

    I learned so much from this!

  • @romsasha
    @romsasha 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hi CNBC, I like your explanations very much. Could you make a video about best pension (retirement) systems in the world? Thanks!

  • @lukakamwabvi2646
    @lukakamwabvi2646 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well summarized

  • @Mumu_UwU
    @Mumu_UwU 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This all seems very well but I’d be worried it’d be all fun and games until the leasing companies decide the lease has just gone up a couple hundred dollars and you have no options but to pay, this would have to come tied with policies and laws that would prevent those outcomes and not allow companies to increase the rents at will. If that is worked though properly, we will all be able to enjoy a healthy, responsible economy and lengthen our life on this planet as a species.

    • @paulb9769
      @paulb9769 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      This seems like feudalism to me.

  • @OmniversalInsect
    @OmniversalInsect 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is very helpful for my DT homework thanks

  • @ДмитрийШматков-р5к
    @ДмитрийШматков-р5к 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh, you make your videos in such an interesting and also beautiful way! It is so bug pleasure to watch content like that!

  • @MaricorLeusCruz
    @MaricorLeusCruz 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great, short video!!

  • @joshuajoshua46
    @joshuajoshua46 6 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    WTF are these animations they are blowing my mind.

  • @sgnconsulting
    @sgnconsulting 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video, great explanation

  • @abz998
    @abz998 7 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    We still run on dollars and energy.
    The cost to return and reprocess materials would be far in excess to what they save in buying less materials.
    Would only work for some niche products.

    • @thechadeuropeanfederalist893
      @thechadeuropeanfederalist893 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      We will always run on energy. There is no energy free economy.
      Of course it will be more costly, but what we buy with this higher price is longevitiy, since a finite ressource linear economy isn't sustainable for a long time. Eventually we will run out of ressources. So we need to either recycle them, which costs energy or we will have to give up on human technological civilization.

  • @vivekraj2984
    @vivekraj2984 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Cool idea

  • @maximem.2333
    @maximem.2333 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good video

  • @NoOneAtAll666
    @NoOneAtAll666 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video :)

  • @rajeshagarwal3278
    @rajeshagarwal3278 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    The idea is so Cool

  • @anomad6314
    @anomad6314 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    University of London brought me here... good vid.

  • @naveengwalia4007
    @naveengwalia4007 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is an amazing idea

  • @evolvewithmarcello
    @evolvewithmarcello 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video was very well done!

  • @danielcuevas5899
    @danielcuevas5899 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    America needs this badly.

  • @mugasiracrescent5632
    @mugasiracrescent5632 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well explained

  • @mna9211
    @mna9211 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love CNBC

  • @MinistryofKeith
    @MinistryofKeith 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I think I like this idea

  • @emsik185
    @emsik185 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    we need to stop buying online, we are killing off local stores buying online, being lazy

  • @Thomas-b8Thomas___8f7
    @Thomas-b8Thomas___8f7 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Stay ahead of the game with an exclusive interview featuring Binance’s CEO on future developments

  • @darrenespinosa9861
    @darrenespinosa9861 6 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Yey. More debt...

  • @Ruben9138
    @Ruben9138 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Circular economy is the way

  • @Macrocompassion
    @Macrocompassion 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Making Macroeconomics a More Exact Science
    Today macroeconomics is treated as an inexact topic within the humanities,
    because at a first look it appears to be a very complex and easily confused
    matter. But this attitude does not give it fair justice--we should be trying to
    find a good way to approach and examine the subject that avoids these problems
    of complexity and confusion. Suppose we ask ourselves the question: “how many
    different KINDS of financial transactions happen within our society?”, then the
    answer is that only a limited number of them is possible.
    Although our society comprises of many millions of participants, to answer
    this question properly we should be ready to take aggregates of all the various
    kinds of activities (no matter who performs them) and then idealize them, so
    that they fall into a relatively small number of more general classes, for the expression
    of their specific social functions. Here, each activity is found to apply between
    its particular pair of entities-each having different economic properties. Then
    the author has discovered that to cover the whole social system of a country
    (excluding foreign trade), it takes only 19 kinds of mutual flows of money for
    the purchase and payment of/for goods,
    services, access rights, taxes, hire-fees, credit, investments, valuable legal documents,
    etc.
    The analysis that led to this unexpected result was performed by the author
    and it may be found in his working paper (on the internet) as SSRN 2865571
    “Einstein’s Criterion Applied to Logical Macroeconomics Modeling”. In this
    model there are these 19 double flows of money verses goods, etc. They are
    found to pass between only 6 kinds of role-playing entities. (There are
    of course a number of different configurations that are possible for this type
    of simplification, but if one tries to eliminate all the unnecessary
    complications and sticks to the basic activities, these particular quantities
    are the most concise result of this simple yet satisfactory and comprehensive analysis.)
    Surprisingly, past representation of our social system by this kind of an
    interpretation model has neither been properly examined nor presented before. Other
    partial versions have been previously modeled, but they are inexact due to their
    being over-simplified (or in the case of econometrics, too complicated), and
    this is the reason for their earlier non-scientific confusion and failure for obtaining
    a good understanding about the way the whole system works.
    The model being described here is unique in being the first to include, along
    with some additional aspects, all of the 3 factors of production of Adam
    Smith's “Wealth of Nations” book of 1776. The three factors of production are
    Land, Labor and Capital and along with their returns of Ground-Rent, Wages and
    Interest/Dividends respectively, which are all included in this presentation.
    A diagram of this model is in my paper, and also may be viewed in Wikipedia,
    Commons, Macroeconomics as: DiagFuncMacroSyst.pdf , which needs enlargement to get all of the
    aspects included in one view--for a mention of the related teaching process see
    my short working SSRN 2600103 “A Mechanical Model for Teaching Macroeconomics”.
    With this model the various parts and activities of the Big Picture of our
    social system can be properly identified and defined. Subsequently by analysis,
    the way the system works can then be properly calculated and illustrated.
    It is done by the mathematics and logic that was devised by Nobel Laureate
    Wassiley W. Leontief, when he invented and introduced the important "Input-Output"
    matrix methodology (but he applied it only to the production sector). This
    short-hand method of modeling the whole system replaces the above-mentioned
    block-and-flow diagram. It enables one to really get to grips with what is
    going-on in our social system. It is found that it is the topology of the
    matrix which actually provides the key to this. The math is not hard and is
    suitable for high school students who have been shown the basic properties of
    square matrices.
    Developments of these ideas about making our subject more truly scientific (thereby
    avoiding the past pseudo-science being taught at universities), may be found in
    my recent book: “Consequential Macroeconomics-Rationalizing About How Our
    Social System Works”. Please write to me at chesterdh@hotmail.com for a free e-copy
    of this 310 page book and for additional information.

  • @kendallmallon1763
    @kendallmallon1763 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Still feels like a middle step that focuses too much on service providers and not about making the producers responsible for their resource use and production. I don't really see a way for the services to not exploit the consumer in the end--especially if ownership completely goes away/is not possible. I feel that a focus on the finite materiality of resources and less on ideological services is better. E.g., the lightbulb companies must take back the burnt out bulbs and reuse them instead of pressuring an alternative company to ideologically demand better bulbs. The "better" bulbs still doesn't guarantee a recycled bulb or seeing spent bulbs as a resource.

  • @skolarii
    @skolarii 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    yo where did that bulb come from?

  • @Susan-i8Susan__16v8
    @Susan-i8Susan__16v8 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just when you thought you knew it all, here's important refund information

  • @ericd.mabuto2423
    @ericd.mabuto2423 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    please do an episode on cargill

  • @asad0810
    @asad0810 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's really an insightful and interesting video.

  • @manoloblanco5240
    @manoloblanco5240 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice video, i love learning with your videos. @ManoloWhite4real

  • @conservastore
    @conservastore 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice recap--worldwide tradeable price for carbon expectorate and GHG's is a large part of making this work--Philips for instance could get some strong carbon reduction love by doing the bulb leasing program that can be translated to Operating income if it is rewarded for lower total carbon use in a year

  • @themanager1980
    @themanager1980 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yet prices are rising usinh same materials I bought previously! Only benefits big companies

  • @elisa6287
    @elisa6287 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Si y a un collègue qui regarde les commentaires, vous êtes de génies

  • @blueskies5670
    @blueskies5670 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Less private property, more corporate power!

  • @manolog3284
    @manolog3284 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Ratio

  • @tycoony8976
    @tycoony8976 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Look up the table inside:).

  • @GoProSolo
    @GoProSolo 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Universal income period

  • @kiran9696
    @kiran9696 6 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Smartphones?

    • @anonwithamnesia
      @anonwithamnesia 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      you can recycle them too.

    • @sarthaksanatani05
      @sarthaksanatani05 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      It contains very tiny portion of gold n silver!!! It is already recycled.

  • @harshulchugh9220
    @harshulchugh9220 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can cnbc explains how e-commerce giants like Amazon , Flipkart effect the retail business

    • @CNBCi
      @CNBCi  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi, thanks for your request. We do have one on Flipkart here! th-cam.com/video/2ncp4nD5eJ0/w-d-xo.html

  • @lillinablue
    @lillinablue 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Used and recycling are not synonymous with Vintage

  • @arhanya8552
    @arhanya8552 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    lol...leasing is like so old concept. Most of the office equipment is actually leased by offices; funded by companies like GE capital services. That in no way changes things radically.

    • @fellowgoodie
      @fellowgoodie 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      I think the major difference in circular economy is literally any consumable product can be returned to the original manufacturer /seller (and not just goodwill) and the Mfr will reuse/refurbish/re-manufacture those returned products and for reselling them.

    • @chrism8180
      @chrism8180 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@fellowgoodie they will only reuse if its profitable to do so, and don't think the manufacturer is gonna absorb those cost, that will be passed to the customer

    • @fellowgoodie
      @fellowgoodie 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@chrism8180 I think Circular economy is a return process that goes all the way in value chain. Every one in the value chain will/should adhere to it. Meaning the customer returns the product to the Finished goods seller, the FG seller returns to the Manufacturer, who will in turn tear it apart and return the components to the component seller and so on. So it does not end at only one step, goes all the way in the value chain, if you will.

    • @chrism8180
      @chrism8180 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@fellowgoodie what I am saying is the cost of that will be passed to the consumer. And what are going to be the terms of the lease? Leases tend to run a length of time so you will probably either renew, or turn in for a new product(+upcharge for price difference). None of this is going to help the environment. It is only going to burden consumers with more cost. There are so many issues with this idea, and it is really only going to promote more consumption of new goods, keeping manufacturing in operation.

    • @fellowgoodie
      @fellowgoodie 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@chrism8180 From what I heard the whole idea of circular economy is to help environment by reusing the products in the first place. The world population is increasing and they cant keep producing new products all the time. Remarketed/refurbished goods are supposed to cost much lesser than a new product to the customer. Once a product is returned the customer will get his money back, but I am talking on the procurement side. I dont know if we are talking on the same line.

  • @PiyushGupta-vx6qi
    @PiyushGupta-vx6qi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    It is like cloud computing

  • @ricky5369
    @ricky5369 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I was looking for a video on the cyclic economy, i have no idea what im watching

  • @user-jj1br3co8z
    @user-jj1br3co8z 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    *Hope more companies or business will adopt CIRCULAR ECONOMY* 🙂
    *Hope it will be promoted by MEDIA, GOVERNMENTS and PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS* 🙂

    • @chrism8180
      @chrism8180 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Wow, you ate this pile of bullshit right up.

  • @SandeepKumar-tj1jz
    @SandeepKumar-tj1jz 6 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Duh....did it take us so long to realize this. Looks like Mankind just woke up from consumer utopia.

  • @lothean2099
    @lothean2099 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Could they do this with plastic bottles.

  • @harikrishnan-wr9no
    @harikrishnan-wr9no 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where were you???

  • @Sarah-s6Sarah___33e4
    @Sarah-s6Sarah___33e4 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    A system error has diverted the transaction to an invalid email address.

  • @DADDYnick007
    @DADDYnick007 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is worth the govt spending

  • @nirajpatil3061
    @nirajpatil3061 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice

  • @LM-cg8oz
    @LM-cg8oz 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    👌

  • @ai.simplified..
    @ai.simplified.. 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    👍

  • @Edward___2n
    @Edward___2n 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Emotional news: cash coming back to you

  • @troysouth1276
    @troysouth1276 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Circular Yes, Economy No. A circular economy is the circulation of money not products. A person leasing a light bulb will never see their money back again.

  • @arhanya8552
    @arhanya8552 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Please explain why so many women host these media company funded videos which is not the case with individual info. channels in TH-cam.

  • @ellDiavolo666
    @ellDiavolo666 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    H&M is no circular business as they don't pay the customer to return the clothes

  • @267hightrip
    @267hightrip 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    yoo i swear thats my favourite step sister riley reid

  • @yeahokay5038
    @yeahokay5038 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    more like loop hole economy.

  • @zoefofo7769
    @zoefofo7769 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well it sounds smart

  • @AntonioCostaRealEstate
    @AntonioCostaRealEstate 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    You use silica, tungsten , carbon, steel , copper to make incandescent light bulbs. These junior reporters are completely illiterate.

  • @manictiger
    @manictiger 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I like recycling, but this just seems like a way to get more money out of stupid gullible suckers.
    The poor lease, rent and borrow everything. The rich OWN wealth. Rule 1: Stack wins, not losses.
    I would never contract these fools to 'lease' me light bulbs. There has to be a better way.

    • @chrism8180
      @chrism8180 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Someone in the comments with brains.

  • @ratatata3445
    @ratatata3445 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Anyone else here for geography 🤣😭

  • @crazieeez
    @crazieeez 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    So if I am getting this right, I buy a hamburger, eats 50% of it, I can rent the remaining 50% hamburger out? The next person eats 25% of it, and rent the remaining 25%, and so on until the hamburger is gone. I then jettison and rent out my poop.

    • @amarabidali5316
      @amarabidali5316 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      no you throw burger in compost and make sure your crap is also composted safely and then you have a circular economy of nature as the plants will grow from it and eventually give you another burger

    • @zj5308
      @zj5308 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      What you said is too simple. Circular economy is kind of like recycling

  • @aarone1777
    @aarone1777 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Guess which nation will be the last to get on-board this boat? I won't name anyone but thier (our) initials are; U.S. !😒

  • @vai2612
    @vai2612 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    She looks too cute at 3:16....

  • @hl7708
    @hl7708 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love fortnite

  • @zawarudo1041
    @zawarudo1041 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Subscriptions, modern cancer only comparable to TikTok and Twitter before musk purchased it

  • @nareshuuu
    @nareshuuu 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is she magic?

    • @陳小檳
      @陳小檳 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I can’t understand now.QAQ

  • @ДарменЖагуфаров-н8х
    @ДарменЖагуфаров-н8х หลายเดือนก่อน

    You will own nothing and be happy

  • @DA-jw6nm
    @DA-jw6nm 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    difference=companies maintain ownership. communists

  • @joshuagaming9518
    @joshuagaming9518 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice