OSPF Framework & OSPF Packets: LSDB, LSA, Hello, DBD, LSR, LSU, LSAck

แชร์
ฝัง
  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 มิ.ย. 2024
  • OSPF makes use of three tables: Neighbor Table, Topology Table, and a Routing Table. The Topology table in OSPF is referred to as the Link State Database (LSDB). Each entry within the topology table is referred to as a Link State Advertisement (LSA). In this video we'll unpack each of these terms.
    Then we'll take a look at the types of OSPF Packets: Hello Packets, DBDs, LSRs, LSUs, and LSAcks (Database Descriptors, Link State Requests, Link State Updates, and Link State Acknowledgements). These five packets are involved in every OSPF conversation.
    To get the most out of this series, you should watch these pre-requisites:
    👉 Networking Fundamentals series:
    • Networking Fundamentals
    👉 Routers and how they work:
    Everything Routers do:
    • Everything Routers do ...
    How Routers forward packets:
    • Everything Routers do ...
    Router Hierarchies & Route Summarization:
    • Router Hierarchies and...
    👉 Distance Vector vs Link State // IGP vs EGP
    • EGP / IGP :: Distance ...
    👉 Route Precedence and Router Path Selection
    • Route Precedence -- Ho...
    0:00 - Lesson 1 Intro
    1:01 - OSPF Neighbor Table
    2:59 - OSPF Topology Table, LSDB, and LSAs
    5:40 - Routing Table
    7:01 - OSPF Packets
    7:17 - OSPF Hello Packets
    8:17 - OSPF Database Descriptor Packets (DBDs)
    9:34 - Link State Requests, Link State Updates, Link State ACKnowledgements (LSRs, LSUs, LSAcks)
    10:16 - OSPF Built-in Reliability
    10:44 - Sharing LSAs with OSPF Neighbors
    11:33 - Outro
    💬 Join us on Discord:
    pracnet.net/discord
    📜 More free CCNA resources:
    www.practicalnetworking.net/i...
    #ospf #lsdb #lsa
  • วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี

ความคิดเห็น • 189

  • @PracticalNetworking
    @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    📌 *More free preview lessons from the Practical OSPF course:* pracnet.net/ospf
    📌 *Want even more? Check out the full course:* pracnet.net/ospfcourse

    • @catalyticcentaur5835
      @catalyticcentaur5835 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yup, I think so. Makes it less abstract or more graspable. Although, I've forgotten if you brought this in your live cast. Did ya?
      I could check it, because usually, I download stuff from YT that interests me.
      Just refer to the first two sentences of this paragraph/comment.

    • @fatikawtar9316
      @fatikawtar9316 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for the video i think it's good to commands results

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@catalyticcentaur5835 Nope, that part was new since the live cast. But glad you think it's helpful. I think it is too.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@fatikawtar9316 Great, glad to hear it =)

  • @qaiserwaseem5431
    @qaiserwaseem5431 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    It's hard to believe as a CCNA student, this video just covered all of the doubts and questions I had for this particular topic. Extremely well explained. 👏

  • @karenward2655
    @karenward2655 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    I am studying to take the CCNA exam and have searched TH-cam as well as Google and have yet to come across anyone who explains the subject at hand in a way that is very easy to understand. For example, subnetting I watched tons of videos on subnetting and still was not able to grasp the concept until I watched Ed’s ” Subnetting Mastery” video, I finally understand how to subnet thanks to Ed’s teaching. 👍

  • @adedejiemmanuel1
    @adedejiemmanuel1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Thanks.
    The content is great; I'm learning everyday. Your presentation is sincere. Your production is of high quality; I marvel at the the effects from 'page to page'. I'm humbled that you do so much for free to free us from our limitations. You're my very best teacher.
    Aside, I always feel that you should be known and celebrated as much as other players on social media. Sad that charlatans are praised more, 🙁😏. Honestly, you're a gold mine.
    You're so sincere and passionate about this content. Thank you.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Whoa, thank you so much for the kind words. I'm truly grateful you appreciate the content and have learned from my videos. I, too, wish that more people could get this type of help/training when they are trying to learn Networking. I sure wish I did as well when I was first learning!

  • @surenderaireddy7541
    @surenderaireddy7541 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    OSPF concepts explained very simple and straight forward up to the point. Thank you , Eddie Harmoush.

  • @tpawaits550
    @tpawaits550 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    A concise explanation of OSPF. We NEED MORE of this in various topics PLEASE 🙏

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      More on the way =). Your "Awaiting" will be rewarded! ;)

    • @leroiobi5928
      @leroiobi5928 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@PracticalNetworking Can't wait for your EIGRP and BGP series. Your beautiful mind will make them easier to grasp.

  • @eh597
    @eh597 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I gotta say, you are amazing at teaching networking. I hope your channel continues to grow, so that you continue to push out educational content.

  • @4skinntim420
    @4skinntim420 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This content is pure gold!

  • @crixisaow-odi7139
    @crixisaow-odi7139 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you very much for the clear and practical explanations of the material. I'm studying and working full time and your videos are very helpful, much appreciated.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You're very welcome. I'm happy that you're enjoying this series =)

  • @iamjoycheee
    @iamjoycheee 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    magnificent!!! thank you sir! I'm commenting before the video ends cause this deserves the right to be on the algorithm .

  • @malexherron
    @malexherron 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    best networking channel on youtube hands down

  • @vladislavkaras491
    @vladislavkaras491 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very great explanation! Much better than provided by Cisco themselves!
    Thanks for the video!

  • @thomaspaterik3506
    @thomaspaterik3506 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I have read and viewed numerous OSPF presentations. This was the very best. Clear and concise. Only suggestion is to slow down a little.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the kind words, Thomas. Hope you enjoy the rest of the OSPF video as well. Noted about the pace. Does TH-cams playback speed controls help? You can slow me down to .5 or even 0.25 speed if you need.

  • @ramyagandhi-vc4cp
    @ramyagandhi-vc4cp 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Super clear, concise, and very easy to understand. Great Job.

  • @antifics
    @antifics 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks! High Quality content. Greetings From Chile!

  • @matthewcardinal4186
    @matthewcardinal4186 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really appreciate your lessons. Very clear, concise, and easy to understand. Please keep up the amazing work.

  • @MikeyMyco
    @MikeyMyco ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent content. I just came across your videos while studying for my CCNA and your explanations have shone light on some points where I had become stuck. Thank you sir.

  • @wwolfram33
    @wwolfram33 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The show commands added much to my learning of this lesson. It helps me recall what the different show commands 'show'. It also reinforces the content that was presented and confirming/verifying it which will be helpful to me during troubleshooting. Thanks!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Excellent. I think I liked the effect of them as well. I'm planning to include them more often in the rest of the series as well.
      Cheers, Ward!

  • @stephenl5121
    @stephenl5121 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have watched all these OSPF videos. They are brilliant, so clear and easy to understand. Thank you very much

  • @gatty.
    @gatty. 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You're the first guy I've heard say why to actually like, comment and subscribe.
    Fantastic video! I really like your teachings :D

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you, Gatty. I appreciate the kind words. And the help w/ the algorithm =). Cheers!

  • @techwithmuchiri5921
    @techwithmuchiri5921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    One of the best OSPF explanations, working towards getting my CCNA and this was really helpful.
    Would love to see such videos for the other routing protocols too.
    Great work, cheers.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you're enjoying this, Tony. Do check the full series: th-cam.com/play/PLIFyRwBY_4bSkwy0-im5ERL-_CeBxEdx3.html
      Noted about other routing protocols. If you're interested, I covered EIGRP on my blog:
      www.practicalnetworking.net/stand-alone/eigrp-terminology/
      www.practicalnetworking.net/stand-alone/eigrp-metric/
      www.practicalnetworking.net/stand-alone/eigrp-feasibility-condition/

  • @sergioalcantar3290
    @sergioalcantar3290 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    As always expertly done.

  • @stops_n_snaps
    @stops_n_snaps ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for your wonderful teaching, ospf concepts are very clear from this video

  • @Rigel_Kuriom_Mandara
    @Rigel_Kuriom_Mandara 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    An exceptional presenter and educator. Thanks!

  • @olegasgolubevas8773
    @olegasgolubevas8773 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank You for making such a high quality material!

  • @priyasingh-qj4ng
    @priyasingh-qj4ng 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for starting OSPF series , As always your teaching style is awesome...

  • @inderdeepsingh4076
    @inderdeepsingh4076 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for creating an OSPF series. Awesome!!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome, Inderdeep. Glad you've enjoyed it =)

  • @afshin9
    @afshin9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love the way you teach, keep it up buddy

  • @bangvu2245
    @bangvu2245 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Well said and explained. Many thanks

  • @ankur9829
    @ankur9829 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    fabulous fantastic Trainer with perfect explanation mode.

  • @adrianmuscat452
    @adrianmuscat452 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video, really helped me to understand the different terms for packets and tables and how they relate

  • @kwest30038
    @kwest30038 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    07Sept2022 >> Thank you for explaining OSPF. I'm studying for my CCNA. thank you again....

  • @sabtenamsite6865
    @sabtenamsite6865 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thank you soooo much. it is most understandable explanation about OSPF I ever seen

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoyed it, Sabtenam. Hope you enjoy the whole series: pracnet.net/ospf
      Could you do me a favor? Do you mind sharing this video on Linked In, Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, or any other social media you use? As an independent creator, that would be an _enormous_ help, and I would appreciate it _greatly_ .

  • @nateruttinger8145
    @nateruttinger8145 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Commenting for the algorithm, and giving obligatory thanks! awesome, digestible content.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for the support, and you're very welcome. Glad you enjoyed the content =). Hope you enjoy the rest of the OSPF series as well!

  • @Quick_UnBoxing0
    @Quick_UnBoxing0 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Amazing explanation sir...waiting for your ccna video meanwhile learning OSPF. Thank you for step-by-step explanation with examples and summary that helps a lot.

  • @NaniRaja1986
    @NaniRaja1986 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Super sir.. explanation was too good 👍

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      _too_ good! ;) I'm hoping they continue to get better!

  • @kisali777
    @kisali777 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your explanation are simple and clear

  • @Ramel34
    @Ramel34 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Can you do a full CCNP/CCIE series? It's hard to find someone that can break it down CLEARLY like you do. The animation is on point, you're not jumping all over the place, the video isn't 2 hours long, you're speaking English lol, and so on.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Thank you for the kind words =). I've considered it many times ^_^

    • @jonov2550
      @jonov2550 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Indeed! I'm not yet done with CCNA Certification. But this explanation was so absolutely on point and clear to understand. Please consider something like a CCNP course on YT or Udemy? I'd surely pay for that. Top content!!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@jonov2550 Thanks for the kind note, Jo. CCNA/CCNP is a project I think about _constantly_ . Who knows what's in store for the future =)

    • @shujauttali2608
      @shujauttali2608 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      We will wait for your ccie series. 😊

  • @bhagyashreeaher7429
    @bhagyashreeaher7429 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for this great series !!!! Happy learning

  • @vszabad
    @vszabad ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Currently preparing for a technical interview that will include OSPF and BGP. This is very handy for me, thank you so much!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      Good luck w/ the interviews! Happy to hear this series is helping!

    • @nicksonkosi
      @nicksonkosi ปีที่แล้ว +1

      How did the interview go?

  • @marks5850
    @marks5850 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Awesome. Straight to the point. My style of learning!!!! Thank you!

  • @Don-Carillo
    @Don-Carillo 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Cheers ,Ed. Great start to no doubt another great mini course from you. Looking forward to the stubby, not so stubby and totally not so stubby area explanations. Really struggling to get my head round them 😫.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Oh yes! That's going to be great fun. =) Cheers, Don!

  • @BekoIQ
    @BekoIQ ปีที่แล้ว +2

    No one like You in all TH-cam , you are the best always

  • @tiagonovembre5465
    @tiagonovembre5465 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very helpful material. thanks for sharing it.

  • @Therojasvictor
    @Therojasvictor 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent teaching.

  • @ciscobatais2
    @ciscobatais2 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    excellent explanation 👍👍

  • @herteert299
    @herteert299 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The best teacher ever.

  • @Sraj659
    @Sraj659 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very interesting and fruitful contents that you ed are making.... Thanks a lot..

  • @user-oe7sj9we7z
    @user-oe7sj9we7z ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video, as all the rest on this channel

  • @kwiatriot6190
    @kwiatriot6190 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great content! Thanks for all that you do.

  • @devinmayhew1
    @devinmayhew1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Fantastic content, can't thank you enough for this!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're very welcome, Devin. Don't forget to check out the whole series: th-cam.com/play/PLIFyRwBY_4bSkwy0-im5ERL-_CeBxEdx3.html

  • @JKRowl
    @JKRowl 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    God bless you man! I THINK I'm about to break my curse for years, AKA the OSPF!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Wohoo! Hope this helps get you through to "getting it" with OSPF. CHeers !

    • @JKRowl
      @JKRowl 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@PracticalNetworking Thank you so much sir, I really appreciate. Im struggling with the OSPF mode types and the SEQUENCE of operation (what happens first - hello packets or down state or multicatsing) hence Im trying to figure it out. But making progress daily thanks to you :)

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      The neighbor adjacency video will help, I think it's #4 in the series: pracnet.net/ospf

  • @DeepakKumar-ov8ko
    @DeepakKumar-ov8ko 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very nicely explained ..you are fabulous 🙏

  • @arshdeep1286
    @arshdeep1286 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Lot of blessings sir

  • @mcsleverrrflowers4849
    @mcsleverrrflowers4849 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You're the definition of the G.O.A.T.

  • @user-dr6ms1ny9r
    @user-dr6ms1ny9r 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Keep up the good work! Great Video!

  • @syedshah9836
    @syedshah9836 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent work

  • @sudhakardornadula2507
    @sudhakardornadula2507 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks for Sharing the Knowledge. wishing u happy new year Advance...

  • @ronigrish6219
    @ronigrish6219 ปีที่แล้ว

    amazing explaination

  • @flyboyrj360501
    @flyboyrj360501 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Nice session !!!

  • @shahadatanwar4109
    @shahadatanwar4109 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome explanations

  • @VibhavShinde
    @VibhavShinde 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    THis is so amazing.. commenting for better reach

  • @billmichae
    @billmichae ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Superb presentation

  • @muhammadsalmanshaikh3359
    @muhammadsalmanshaikh3359 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great lecture!!! Please make videos on advanced topics like ISIS and BGP from beginning

  • @rohanofelvenpower5566
    @rohanofelvenpower5566 ปีที่แล้ว

    this series is very educational and sexum

  • @subee128
    @subee128 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you very much 🙏🏻

  • @alexandrkovalsky1711
    @alexandrkovalsky1711 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video!

  • @SOGUIREL
    @SOGUIREL 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very good content

  • @ElnurHuseynov-zo2ee
    @ElnurHuseynov-zo2ee ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much.

  • @wwolfram33
    @wwolfram33 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Fantastic!

  • @ershadramezani6716
    @ershadramezani6716 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    it was perfect. thanks !

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You're very welcome, thank you for supporting the channel.

  • @kebekitechnology1223
    @kebekitechnology1223 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice teacher

  • @meunomeeBJJ
    @meunomeeBJJ ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you.

  • @syedamehak7277
    @syedamehak7277 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing 🔥

  • @khelouiazzeddine3113
    @khelouiazzeddine3113 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks very interesting

  • @browneyedbabes7863
    @browneyedbabes7863 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    👏🎬 Thank you so much!!

  • @rickwiers1905
    @rickwiers1905 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice content....

  • @luchiripaul917
    @luchiripaul917 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks a lot.

  • @mudtruka9196
    @mudtruka9196 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ed, thank you for a great series. Question, is a "summary of LSA's" an actual list of summary routes?

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You're welcome.
      Yes, more or less it's simply a list of all LSAs a router has (not just summary routes or summary LSAs). In Lesson 6 I give you a PCAP file, you can take a look at some DBDs to see exactly how the LSA summary in the DBD is different from the actual LSA sent in the LSU.

  • @georgeavong4937
    @georgeavong4937 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you

  • @r.f9823
    @r.f9823 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Very good

  • @charlesikpeme7777
    @charlesikpeme7777 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome!

  • @user-wx7ny3pw8t
    @user-wx7ny3pw8t 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    nice thank you

  • @jairunet
    @jairunet 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    @Practical Networking, wow simply explained, very easy to understand for those with any fuggy understanding like me, excellent fundamentals, thank you so much! and I looking forward to the next video areas and router types!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoyed it, Jair! Next video releasing Monday morning =)

  • @nikhilkarale8588
    @nikhilkarale8588 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hello sir
    It will be a huge favor of you make such videos on bgp & Mpls too !

  • @mohanraj4405
    @mohanraj4405 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice video🇮🇳

  • @MB_72282
    @MB_72282 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome.

  • @ovis
    @ovis ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks

  • @rabbitsswag5029
    @rabbitsswag5029 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for this informative video. Can two routers in diffferent OSPF areas can communicate if they are not connected to AREA 0? Also why all routers need to communicate to area 0?

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      Great question =). It's answered in the lesson on Areas: th-cam.com/video/CM9BlFHB3q4/w-d-xo.html

  • @dnj20
    @dnj20 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    great video

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you, DNJ. Hope you enjoy the rest of the OSPF series as well: pracnet.net/ospf

    • @dnj20
      @dnj20 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@PracticalNetworking yeah. it really helped me understand OSPF. I shared it with my cisco course mates

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว

      @@dnj20 Thank you for your support =)

  • @eitanfeigenbaum763
    @eitanfeigenbaum763 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    GREAT!!

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Glad you enjoyed it, thank you for being a channel member =)

  • @vskreddy2416
    @vskreddy2416 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome

  • @davidjimenez2992
    @davidjimenez2992 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    great !!

  • @doaaomar133
    @doaaomar133 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank u

  • @afshin9
    @afshin9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you for supporting this channel, Afshin. Glad you enjoyed this video / content.

    • @afshin9
      @afshin9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@PracticalNetworking 🙏

  • @waverache8296
    @waverache8296 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Good

  • @Ssb9009
    @Ssb9009 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really Like The Explanation.. Sir Could You Make Playlist On Vpn also.

  • @jhde9067
    @jhde9067 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Is this series the same as the live stream from last time?

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nope! That live stream covered the "beta" of lessons 1-5. All this is new content that has never been taught on my channel. =)

    • @jhde9067
      @jhde9067 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@PracticalNetworking it was very good. Was looking forward to watching that as well.

    • @PracticalNetworking
      @PracticalNetworking  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jhde9067 Sorry, I mis-spoke. I just released Lesson 6 and thought your comment was to the Lesson 6 video. Yes, Video 1-5 I did a live stream of way back when before I recorded the final videos. The final videos have a little more content in them than the live stream videos.
      Lesson 6 and on are all new though.

  • @SOGUIREL
    @SOGUIREL 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Cristal clear

  • @22yadavakhil
    @22yadavakhil 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ❤❤❤❤