Fraser Cain I too fall asleep to your videos....but only because I have to sleep. Love your videos. Thank you for working so hard to help educate the masses!
Be honest. You're really The Architect and the background is just screens with you explaining every possible everything in every possible reality. You can't fool me.
When an object falls into a black hole, for an outside observer it never crosses the event horizon. Would it affect mass distribution of the hole (offset to the object’s last observed location) as measured by the observer?
Hi Fraser, in a previous video you talked about jumping from different heights toward a black hole (don't remember which one) and something clicked for me. Black holes aren't really holes are they? Just really dense spheres? When I think of a worm hole, I think of something with an entrance and an exit (somewhere). But a black hole doesn't "go" anywhere. Theoretically. Is this right?
Another question: Just saw the animation depicting the Space-X BFR docked to ISS. How does the mass of a vehicle attached to ISS affect its orbit etc..?
Hi Fraser, I will continue to support you on Patreon but you can pass on to them that I am not happy with the fees they are adding. This will deter me from supporting other contributors. Sorry if this makes me look like a dick, it just feels like greed on their part.
Hi Fraser... Do stars have "fingerprints" for the nebula they were created from? In other words, could we look at other stars and know that they were born out of the same nebula as our sun? Thanks!
Curious question, I'm writing a novel series about my own fictional race of people on their own planet, and I wanna make it really grounded in science while still using fictional elements (I'm not gonna pop a new element out of thin air or anything like that), and I want to know, does it sound too crazy that one method they try for FTL jumps, is using their, what I call, ASL (At-the-Speed-of-Light) drives to do a slingshot around a black hole just above the event horizon where they won't fall in? Or would they just get ripped apart?
Depends on how close you get. The tidal forces near the black hole are pretty huge, but if you keep your distance, you can get enormous speed boosts from black holes.
12:00 you could send probes in pairs, one with a mirror that gets accelerated, reflects the laser to decelerate the other one. So one is even faster and the other one can go in Orbit somewhere
hi fraser. I am wondring, do you believe that we could ever get a technologie to get faster at a destination than light, but not traveling faster than light, like warp or something els?
Speaking of magnetospheres on an exoplanet, I did a video about what we would need for an exoplanet for us to permanently live on! I talk about magnetospheres, atmospheres, tidally locked or not, having a moon etc, etc.
Thanks Fraser! That means a lot! I've been following you for a while, I'm a new content creator and I really enjoy watching and interacting with others that share my interest in space and astronomy! Cheers from Waterloo, Ontario!
Hey Fraser! I've never read any of Asimov's stories, but I want to start. Problem is that he just has a lot of books and short stories. What story/book by him would you recommend me to read first?
Didn't Asimov write A Planet called Treason or is that another author? Edit: Treason might have been written by Orson Scott Card now that I think about it.
13:26 The solar system has finished forming? Wasn't it this channel that said recently something like Jupiter might cause Mercury to crash into Mars, or even Mars to crash into the Earth?
Someone mentioned in a video recently (in the past week) the (very remote) chance of Mercury crashing into Earth. Can't find the video - Spacetime (trolling), or SciShow maybe, but there _is_ a link here to a paper in _Nature_ from 2009 www.space.com/6824-long-shot-planet-hit-earth-distant-future.html
If you had a free floating laser shooting at a sail, would the photonic pressure not push the laser back with the same amount of force? Seems like they really would need to be anchored on something massive enough to keep them in place.
It would, but the total mass of the laser system would be enormous, so it wouldn't get pushed back much. If it was in a stable Lagrange point, it would just drift back into position again.
In the episode on space-based telescopes, you mentioned that several of the telescopes planned for the Sun-Earth L2 point had a limited lifetime due to the amount of fuel they would carry for maintaining their position (since L2 is a saddle point wrt stability). Would it be feasible to use lasers and solar sails to maintain their positions? What about using a separate cheaper space craft whose main purpose is to maintain the positions of these telescopes?
Once we had a better space infrastructure, I guess. I think they just developed the mission in this version to try and keep the overall costs down as much as they could.
Fraser have you read "Red Mars", "Green Mars" and "Blue Mars" by Kim Stanley Robinson? Also the Rama series by Arthur C. Clarke? If so I'm curious to know what you thought of them.
Hello Fraser! Between star systems there is a lot of darkness and emptiness, how do we know there are no black holes? As far as I know we can only predict them if we see their gravitational influence or stars going suddently dark.
Is it possible for a planet's moon to be in a nearly geostationary orbit such that there is always an eclipse? If so, is it possible for the star in this situation to be large enough to still provide enough light for photosynthesis?
I had the idea for a story. Something like a moon's orbit always keeping it between the planet and its star. If the planet had no axial tilt, then the equator should always be in totality. I've just been wondering how that would affect life growing there, or what religion/philosophy could come about in the natives because of something so seemingly bizarre.
Favorite video games (that I think a channel like this might be interested in): *The Talos Principle* - A first person puzzle platformer that takes on the philosophies of humanity, religion, and other things. Really interesting, and the puzzles are pretty challenging too. *Half-Life 2 Series* - An old first person shooter series that deals with aliens and alien takeovers on a dystopian Earth in the 2000s. Most people probably know about it (especially with the HL3 confirmed memes), but they are still plenty fun to try out if you haven't already. There are also tons of mods for it if you want more than the original games have to offer. Also, if you want to play the really old original games, I would recommend checking out Black Mesa, a really well done remake of them. *TerraTech* - A survival building game set on un-named exoplanets where you build techs from blocks to gather resources, destroy enemies, complete missions, and build bases. It's in Early Access right now, but it is a lot of fun in it's current state, and multiplayer is planned to come in the near future. *Robocraft* - Similar to TerraTech, but it is a free-to-play arena shooter instead of a survival game. Build a bot from blocks, and battle them in various game modes and maps on an ice exo-planet, Mars, or Earth. Just came out of Early access, and it has been pretty fun. *Spacechem* - A puzzle factory game where you make machines that take molecules and atoms and turn them into other molecules. In other words, you are making particle assemblers. Really challenging, and pretty fun.
In a previous video you mentioned that we could turn the sun into either 3 or 13 separate stars in order to prolong the period of habitability in our solar system. Is it possible to keep the planets in the same stable orbits as they are currently if we were to break our sun up into smaller stars? And a bonus question about engineering the perfect star system by squeezing as many earth like worlds as possible into binary systems orbiting around the sun in the habitable zone, could we also separate the sun into separate stars in a way that would not cause instability and maintain habitability in such a star system?
but having ground based stations, you would have to account for rotation of the planet or moon. and it would limit the "routes" you could use. but i guess if you have enough power from solar or possibly even fusion, it would just be a matter of having some thrusters.
Question : do you think that there's a system/tool better then math to explain the universe that we might discover later ? and if so is there any contestent ?
Alexandre Bisson Math can take you a long way to explaining phenomenon. Newton and Liebniz came up against a limitation in the math of their day and independently developed calculus. The coincidence is so striking that it even got Newton thinking that Liebniz stole his idea. But they both came up with different notation. Calculus will take you toward complex variables and finally will leave you in the land of differential geometry. Math is currently way out in front of physics so I seriously doubt we will see another physicist like Newton opening up a new field of math. The best book, a hard slog of a read, to tie math and physics together is Roger Penrose's Road to Reality. If you can read all the way through it and feel you understand it all you will probably be ready for graduate school in physics.
Alexandre Bisson we can discover/rediscover new ways to accomplish the calculations. An example would be the recent decipherment of a clay tablet from Babylonian area where the base 60 numbers provide very good calculations for trigonometry. These are more efficient than calculating and base 10 as the numbers more frequently come out even, and it used the sides of the triangles rather the the angle. If you are interested in learning about new math just google, lots of results.
Because it went into orbit around Jupiter. If you're just going to do a flyby, you can go fast, but if you want to go into orbit, you need to come in slower.
Fraser Cain ok! I imagine some kind of "umbrella" protecting a space vehicle from small objects, made of a magnetic field... it wold be a problem for a very fast ship.. lets say.. 0,1 ligth speed? how can you deal with dust particles at such speeds...! thanks a lot!
I've heard (I think from you) that most photos of what the nightsky supposedly looks like without light pollution, are heavily filtered and tweaked to make them look better. I'd like to know: What does the nightsky really look like without light pollution?
You're going to have to see it for yourself. It's beautiful, but it doesn't look like the pictures. Find a place with dark skies and spend the night outside. Everyone is just a few hours drive (at most) from really dark skies.
QUESTION: Why has the velocity of causality, the speed of light, the value of 3x10^8 m/s? Could it be faster or slower? Is this value related to some other property of the Universe, like the Planck constant, mass of the Universe or something else? Thanks for your answer! I enjoy your show very much and learn a lot from it! PS: Could you put a list of the questions answered on the description of the videos so we know if they were already answered and in which video they are answered? It would help a lot! Thanks
The speed of light is just the speed of light. We don't know "why" it's the speed of light. There are a bunch of these independent arbitrary constants in the Universe. Great suggestion on the questions.
Hey, Fraser! I really enjoy your show. I have a few questions if you don't mind. Can you explain what are NASA's plans for future Moon habitats? And also, i would really like to see a full story of yours about future habitats that humans gonna use beyond Earth, like on the Moon and Mars. Those first habitats can grow to be foundations of future cities, so it's trully interesting to know something about them. Thanks.
We don't know if the multiverse is true, there's no evidence that it exists. So... once we discover it's real, then we can figure out our place. Until then, the Universe is everywhere and everything - literally by definition.
Hey Fraser , another video watched & enjoyed , just wondered if you could do a follow up on the "is the earth increasing or decreasing in size" and explain what would happen if either got the upper hand , cheers
Long time watcher, love your show! Just wondering: Why does NASA typically seem to take longer with missions that private / other countries do quicker?
I was curious about was the Earth getting bigger or not myself and ages ago did a bit of research and found it was losing more atmosphere than gaining space dust etc. But id imagine those numbers would reverse one day
Quick question, with the law of conservation of angular momentum, wouldn't a satellite based laser array be pushed in the opposite way that its pointed ?
I have 2 questions for next week's show ... 1) Is there any possibility that a black hole could explode, and if so, what might cause it and how big would the explosion be? 2) Using lagrange points, would it be possible to place six planets in the same orbit?
1. No, only when black holes evaporate, you can't get a final burst of radiation right at the end. 2. In theory, sure, but only in a perfect environment. The reality is that there'll be slight imbalances that add up and your planets crash together.
Question: What would happen if the solid earth just dissapered underneath us, leaving us with only the atmosphere? Would we just float around in a massive air bubble?
Because of the solar winds I suppose? Otherwise the air would just collaps and form a round small air "cloud"? I mean, if nothing else would affect it. :)
Are black holes singularities composed of dark energy, dark matter, or not even theorized? Follow up: If you could concentrate energy in high enough densities, could you create a black hole? Then how does this singularity relate to the above question?
The only true paradox, "Why is there anything?" The possibility that the universe/properties has/have always existed is not actually an answer (eliminates the origin, but not the why). The possibility that we are not real (simulation/imagined) IS in fact a possible solution. Can you think of/know of any possibility where this universe IS real?
I did a video on the simulation hypothesis. In my opinion, there's no way to know if it's real or a simulation. Since we can't tell, we might as well live as if it's real: th-cam.com/video/-hfx07UhmEU/w-d-xo.html
What you say in answer to the first question is undoubtedly the current best guess, but there's too little observation to be sure. We really have no idea what dark matter is, although we can rule out some ideas -- it is all neutrinos, it is all rogue planets or brown dwarfs or gas and dust, etc. On the basis of observations, we know it interacts through gravity on the scale of galaxies, and PRESUMABLY just the same as regular matter (which has now been studied down to the scale of microns), but at present we can't be sure our presumptions are right. There's a chance dark matter might be something weird and exotic. It's much the same with black holes, of course: we have some models that we know have a few problems with them, but that are mostly understood, and some objects in space that look a lot like what the models predict (which is why we can explain gravitational waves), but again, we don't have really detailed, up close observations that could help answer questions. But I think the question was really whether dark matter could form clumps dense enough to collapse into a black hole, in which case the answer is probably not, at least in the modern universe, or else we should find clumps that would look very much like brown dwarfs in microlensing observations, but MAYBE in the early universe. I don't know if anyone knows the answer yet, but I wonder if the supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies got their starts as quantum fluctuations in the big bang, maybe fluctuations that concentrated too much dark matter (which is more abundant than familiar matter) in the same area. What do you think?
If we can figure out what dark matter is, and figure out what kind of a cross section it has, then we might be able to get a sense for how it interacts with regular matter, and itself. Maybe it could even explain how supermassive black holes got so big so quickly.
I find the tower density experiment on the Zero-G plane really cool. For those that don't know it's a tube full of different liquids with different densities. while in free fall the liquids start to intermix with each other. and if you shake the tub while in free fall the liquids stay mixed with each other until the plane exits its free fall. (not trying to bring up the subject of flat earth, just interesting how buoyancy is dependent on gravity) Games I like are Halo, Star Wars Battle Front 1 & 2, Start Wars Risk. Books well I haven't read to many sci-fi ones. The only one i remember that is not star wars is "The Supernaturalist" by Eoin Colfer.
Pulsars preferentially radiate in two directions, forming two beams, because of their magnetic fields and rotation. The sun also rotates and has a magnetic field, albeit orders of magnitude weaker, so does it radiate more in some directions than others? I'm wondering would our solar collectors gather a bit more energy by not orbiting in the ecliptic plane?
The collectors will be picking up photons of radiation coming from the photosphere of the Sun, and from my understanding, that's going out in all directions equally.
Would it be impossible for the moon to have just coalesced in the same orbit as the earth, and was eventually captured? Or that the moon just formed as a moon around a forming planet earth?
There are two competing theories about the formation of the Moon. That they formed together, or that the Moon is the material leftover from a catastrophic collision. Both theories have their advocates, and the evidence swings back and forth. I'd say right now, most people believe in the impact hypothesis.
Some of the more recent boardgames that try to simulate "space science or science in space" 1. Leaving Earth - a game that tries to simulate the colonizations of the Solar system by allowing players to built rockets, research different impulses and combining them rockets with different masses, and then you have to add more rockets, because you've got too much mass etc. 2. Terraforming Mars: A game about ..... terra-forming Mars :-) The Next expansion is Terraforming Mars: Terraforming Venus. Wait...What? 3. First Martians: Adventures on the Red Planet: a (not really good) game about surviving on Mars
Also does anyone here speak any other languages besides English? In addition to studying to be an astrophysicist also love languages and Cultural studies, I have always been fascinated in History and Middle Eastern Culture. I am currently learning Spanish and plan to start Arabic Studies and I n the future may do others next year (Persian, Chinese, French, Indonesian I also have interests in) and I´ve been wondering where to find Good Scientific books in other languages anyone know of any good books or documentaries to find? I found some on TH-cam but they´re mostly just English ones that have been dubbed over which is good but not as apt as an original would be.
To be fair, it seems like it could be fun to try to come up with the excuses. Try to find various ways that you could go around the arguments with mathematically-sensible alternatives to a mostly-spherical Earth. To actually believe it though... eh...
Why would we not use "water dragon" rocket (with new tech it could be much more viable as well) to build space stations and moon observatories? etc, wouldn't it be cheaper than regular rockers per tone for sending large objects and fairly large reusability?
The Sea Dragon concept is awesome, but I think the modern method of re-usability is going to be better. The Interplanetary Transport Ship is on the same scale as the Sea Dragon, but it lands back at the launch pad.
How mich time passed between when the planet Mars cooled enough for liquid water to form on its surface and when it lost its magnetic field and atmosphere? Could that have been long enough for multicellular life to have evolved?
This is still an unanswered question. The whole point of the Curiosity Rover was to figure out how long there was liquid water on the surface of Mars. The evidence seems to be, a long time, definitely millions of years. We don't know if single cell life evolved, not to mention multicellular.
What is the electric charge of the earth? can the earth's magnetosphere deflect the components of the solar wind (electron/protons) with different efficiency?
At the surface of the Earth it ranges from 25 to 65 microteslas. Yes, it does deflect different components, which is why we have multiple Van Allen Belts. Did you see our video? th-cam.com/video/1tZs02kxTdg/w-d-xo.html&index=2
Given that at some stage in the far future the Universe will theoretically be able to support life, but at the same time that life would have no way to know about universal expansion or the big bang... is there any way something happened in the past that puts us in a situation where we missed out on a window of understanding? Is it even possible to answer that question without shrugging and going 'sure anything's possible but it's unprovable'?
We don't know where the Universe came from, but it's expanding in all directions. Did you ever see this video? th-cam.com/video/x2A4yYeurGk/w-d-xo.html
Gotta recommend it again, Cixin Liu's The Three Body Problem and its sequels, The Dark Forest and Death's End, are absolutely fantastic. I listened to them all on Audible at work and it has become my favorite series of all time. Absolutely fascinating. Also, of course, Neal Stephenson is wonderful, I read Seveneves three times and I'm currently listening to Snowcrash.
Fraser Cain listening instead of reading helped me overcome that initial inertia, but that's about the point that the book really grabbed me too. The 2nd and 3rd books flow better in my opinion though. Or maybe I just liked the 2nd narrator better.
Yup, but not long enough. I loved the idea of massive battles between guilds, but I could never put in the time to get there. My experience was just getting ganked whenever I left the safe areas.
OK, let's say you were a game developer like Notch of Minecraft fame, and you got it in your head to fund a space mission.which he could do, last I checked. You have your choice of making a cassini style probe and sending it to Uranus, or building a moderm updated Hubble. Given that I recall hearing that further RTGs are out of the question, which spacecraft do you see being more likely possible?
What if you have a blackhole smaller than an atom's nucleus, that is neutrally charged, and then you drop an atom into it; would the atom's electrons start orbiting the now charged blackhole like as if the nucleus was still there? Would such an atomic blackhole be capable of forming molecules with other atoms or even other atomic blackholes? What would a material made of atomic blackholes look like under white light? If metalic atoms were used, would the object still conduct electricity the same way? What if it was made with crystal atoms, would it still be transparent?
It depends on the mass of the black hole. If it's neutrally charged, they're going to orbit it through gravity. I'm not sure about the rest of your ideas, though.
Gravity extends everywhere in the Universe, based on the speed of light. So you're experiencing gravity from objects where the light left them 13.8 billion years ago.
Hello Frasier! Question: If you could choose which astronomical event you would be able to witness in your lifetime, what would it be? For example: Another major impact of an asteroid/comet like shoemaker-levy on a planet. if so which planet? Seeing Beetleguese go supernova ( even though it happened a couple 100 years ago ) Or perhaps there is something else that gets you excited.
Fair enough, if the comet would smash into Mars after it made it's way around the sun :) I personally would love to see a supernova that's close enough to see, but far enough not to cause any damage to our solar system.
Fraser Cain That’s right...I remember you said that in a previous video somewhere. I was going to ask if it was Stanley Park, but there didn’t seem to be enough people around (turns out I had the wrong Vancouver anyway).
Stanley Park is in Vancouver, I'm on Vancouver Island, about 5 hours away from the city. But, it's all pretty much the same. So much sci-fi is filmed here on the West Coast, mostly in Stanley Park. :-) That's why it all looks so familiar.
Fraser Cain Yes, I know. That’s why I said I had the wrong Vancouver. I vaguely remembered you saying something about Vancouver in a previous video...I just forgot the island part. I’ve spent quite a bit of time in Vancouver (the city), but I don’t think I’ve even been to the island. I’ve been meaning to get out to Butchart Gardens and Victoria...
The hyper expansion of a new true vacuum decay at the speed of light if the higs field changes its properties. I can't think of another way of calling such expansion. You should definitely do an episode on vacuum decay
If dark matter is affected by gravity and it could theoretically enter a black hole, could it be that all the dark matter we can"t ffind might actually be inside the black holes?
Would black holes really be black? An outside observer should never see something fall into it, just get closer and closer. So the initial supernova/core of the star would just be smeared around the event horizon. Does the light from that matter just eventually redshift to infinity, or does the event horizon expand to consume it as the matter contributes to the mass, or something else?
Frasier, I love your space laser transportation network plan. Say, on an unrelated note, where would you hide a giant space laser in this solar system where it could get enough power, but that nosey human beings couldn't detect it?
Fraser Cain I'm sorry but Google can't answer this question for me and I don't understand. 90 percent of my knowledge on space has come from you. Correct me on any of this. There are gravity wells at these points regardless of material. The ongoing accumulation of material in one spot creates a deeper well. This would snowball if there was material available. The very early solar system had material everywhere. Yet we dont see any bodies of mass at either point on any orbital plane of any planet.
+M M it's only stable when the object in the L4/L5 is essentially zero mass compared to the other two objects. Satellite or tiny asteroid is fine. Planet isn't stable
Many of these conversations end up being like the Monty Python argument sketch. M: An argument isn't just contradiction. O: Well! it CAN be! M: No it can't! M: An argument is a connected series of statements intended to establish a proposition. O: No it isn't!
Why is dark matter "clumpy"? If it only interacts with itself and regular matter gravitationally, shouldn't it be more or less uniformly distributed through the cosmos?
It's clumpy at the large scales, when the force of its gravity overcomes the expansion rate of the Universe. Then the material pulls together into clouds. I'm kind of working on a video that covers this, so stay tuned.
Actually, dark matter may also interact with regular matter through the weak and/or strong nuclear forces, we don't know yet, although experiments are underway to test these possibilities (esp. the weak force).
If we could sense an oxygenated atmosphere on an earth-sized, habitable zone exoplanet, with a similar sun to ours, couldn't we infer that the planet has a working magnetosphere? It seems like the magnetosphere is a prerequisite for life in these types of planets.
I'm not sure of the specifics, but it could very well be that there are certain molecules (like water vapor) that couldn't exist without a magnetosphere protecting them.
movies: Pandorum, Serenity. video games: No Man's Sky (so sue me, I like it) and Star Ocean 3. Really good theory about how we are a computer simulation in that one.
I'm so glad I recently discovered this channel. It's a true youtube gem.
Thanks! Don't forget to subscribe.
How do you feel about me falling asleep to your videos almost every night. :P
Totally fine with it. I do the same with other people's videos.
Fraser Cain I too fall asleep to your videos....but only because I have to sleep. Love your videos. Thank you for working so hard to help educate the masses!
omg...i thought i was the only one. It makes me dream about future tech, aliens and the beauty of space
PBS Spacetime puts me out like clockwork.
i do it too! xD loooove it
If I was to travel to mars and live there for let's say 25 years and then travel back to earth, am I the same age if I had just stayed on earth?
Yes, you'd be essentially the same age, maybe a couple of nanoseconds off because of time dilation.
Be honest. You're really The Architect and the background is just screens with you explaining every possible everything in every possible reality.
You can't fool me.
Clearly you took the red pill. Or maybe it's the blue pill? I always forget which one does the trick.
I guess he took the purple pill then.
He took both pills and then ran naked all over the place until the agents got him.
When an object falls into a black hole, for an outside observer it never crosses the event horizon. Would it affect mass distribution of the hole (offset to the object’s last observed location) as measured by the observer?
Not that I'm aware of. It's evenly distributed across the event horizon.
Hi Fraser, in a previous video you talked about jumping from different heights toward a black hole (don't remember which one) and something clicked for me. Black holes aren't really holes are they? Just really dense spheres? When I think of a worm hole, I think of something with an entrance and an exit (somewhere). But a black hole doesn't "go" anywhere. Theoretically. Is this right?
Correct. When you imagine falling onto the Earth, you're picturing the right scenario.
Another question: Just saw the animation depicting the Space-X BFR docked to ISS. How does the mass of a vehicle attached to ISS affect its orbit etc..?
Hi Fraser, I will continue to support you on Patreon but you can pass on to them that I am not happy with the fees they are adding. This will deter me from supporting other contributors. Sorry if this makes me look like a dick, it just feels like greed on their part.
I read your response sent to all your patrons. Just one word, classy. Thanks.
Hi Fraser... Do stars have "fingerprints" for the nebula they were created from? In other words, could we look at other stars and know that they were born out of the same nebula as our sun? Thanks!
Yes, in fact, astronomers think they've found one of them. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_162826
Hello Fraser, is there or will there be a classification system for planets same there is for stars? Like in Star Trek they have M class planets.
Not yet, right now we have dwarf planets, terrestrial planets, gas giants and ice giants, but even those have different sub classifications.
Curious question, I'm writing a novel series about my own fictional race of people on their own planet, and I wanna make it really grounded in science while still using fictional elements (I'm not gonna pop a new element out of thin air or anything like that), and I want to know, does it sound too crazy that one method they try for FTL jumps, is using their, what I call, ASL (At-the-Speed-of-Light) drives to do a slingshot around a black hole just above the event horizon where they won't fall in? Or would they just get ripped apart?
Depends on how close you get. The tidal forces near the black hole are pretty huge, but if you keep your distance, you can get enormous speed boosts from black holes.
12:00 you could send probes in pairs, one with a mirror that gets accelerated, reflects the laser to decelerate the other one. So one is even faster and the other one can go in Orbit somewhere
Right, you could have the laser detach early and then fire to decelerate the spacecraft. I wonder if it would work.
hi fraser. I am wondring, do you believe that we could ever get a technologie to get faster at a destination than light, but not traveling faster than light, like warp or something els?
Right now, we don't know of any technologies that can go faster than light. Maybe in the future we'll discover new physics.
Speaking of magnetospheres on an exoplanet, I did a video about what we would need for an exoplanet for us to permanently live on! I talk about magnetospheres, atmospheres, tidally locked or not, having a moon etc, etc.
Nice work on the video!
Thanks Fraser! That means a lot! I've been following you for a while, I'm a new content creator and I really enjoy watching and interacting with others that share my interest in space and astronomy! Cheers from Waterloo, Ontario!
Whats your take upon the FRB121102 radio wave noises
We just tackled it on UT. Really exciting. Did you see my video on FRBs? th-cam.com/video/ikdOTj6g_Zw/w-d-xo.html
This was a very good video. As all your stuff is. Never stop man!
Thanks!
Hey Fraser! I've never read any of Asimov's stories, but I want to start. Problem is that he just has a lot of books and short stories. What story/book by him would you recommend me to read first?
My favorite is the Foundation series. Start there.
Didn't Asimov write A Planet called Treason or is that another author?
Edit: Treason might have been written by Orson Scott Card now that I think about it.
Fraser you nailed it about science. Its understanding is fluid. Not written into stone.
Science is open minded.
13:26 The solar system has finished forming? Wasn't it this channel that said recently something like Jupiter might cause Mercury to crash into Mars, or even Mars to crash into the Earth?
You'll always have mayhem in the Solar System, like Phobos crashing into Mars, but we're not getting new planets, etc.
Someone mentioned in a video recently (in the past week) the (very remote) chance of Mercury crashing into Earth. Can't find the video - Spacetime (trolling), or SciShow maybe, but there _is_ a link here to a paper in _Nature_ from 2009 www.space.com/6824-long-shot-planet-hit-earth-distant-future.html
You might have heard Pamela mention it in an episode of Astronomy Cast? That's where I heard it.
Fraser, When I contemplate the mysteries of space, your mantra always rings in my head... "It's always aliens."
Ha! Gotcha!
It's always aliens? Isn't it never aliens?
Of course. Just a little joke.
If you had a free floating laser shooting at a sail, would the photonic pressure not push the laser back with the same amount of force? Seems like they really would need to be anchored on something massive enough to keep them in place.
It would, but the total mass of the laser system would be enormous, so it wouldn't get pushed back much. If it was in a stable Lagrange point, it would just drift back into position again.
Do you mind if I just ask if the additional mass of plants growing adds to the overall mass of the planet? How about the mass of animals?
No, in that situation, the plants and animals are just recycling the material on the planet. It doesn't change the overall mass of the planet.
In the episode on space-based telescopes, you mentioned that several of the telescopes planned for the Sun-Earth L2 point had a limited lifetime due to the amount of fuel they would carry for maintaining their position (since L2 is a saddle point wrt stability). Would it be feasible to use lasers and solar sails to maintain their positions? What about using a separate cheaper space craft whose main purpose is to maintain the positions of these telescopes?
Once we had a better space infrastructure, I guess. I think they just developed the mission in this version to try and keep the overall costs down as much as they could.
is it possible to shape the edges of a black holes event horizon with other nearby massive objects
No, you can only change the shape of the event horizon through the rotation of the black hole. The faster it's spinning, the more it flattens out.
What keeps the satellite solar arrays from moving out of alignment?
The spacecraft have reaction wheels that let them reorient themselves.
Fraser have you read "Red Mars", "Green Mars" and "Blue Mars" by Kim Stanley Robinson? Also the Rama series by Arthur C. Clarke? If so I'm curious to know what you thought of them.
Hello Fraser! Between star systems there is a lot of darkness and emptiness, how do we know there are no black holes? As far as I know we can only predict them if we see their gravitational influence or stars going suddently dark.
Is it possible for a planet's moon to be in a nearly geostationary orbit such that there is always an eclipse? If so, is it possible for the star in this situation to be large enough to still provide enough light for photosynthesis?
Sure, if you had the star, planet and moon perfectly lined up, you'd get eclipses every lunar orbit.
Thank you for responding so fast!
I don't see why not. Interesting idea.
I had the idea for a story. Something like a moon's orbit always keeping it between the planet and its star. If the planet had no axial tilt, then the equator should always be in totality. I've just been wondering how that would affect life growing there, or what religion/philosophy could come about in the natives because of something so seemingly bizarre.
We covered this idea in a video: th-cam.com/video/ljwZMYy930s/w-d-xo.html
Favorite video games (that I think a channel like this might be interested in):
*The Talos Principle* - A first person puzzle platformer that takes on the philosophies of humanity, religion, and other things. Really interesting, and the puzzles are pretty challenging too.
*Half-Life 2 Series* - An old first person shooter series that deals with aliens and alien takeovers on a dystopian Earth in the 2000s. Most people probably know about it (especially with the HL3 confirmed memes), but they are still plenty fun to try out if you haven't already. There are also tons of mods for it if you want more than the original games have to offer. Also, if you want to play the really old original games, I would recommend checking out Black Mesa, a really well done remake of them.
*TerraTech* - A survival building game set on un-named exoplanets where you build techs from blocks to gather resources, destroy enemies, complete missions, and build bases. It's in Early Access right now, but it is a lot of fun in it's current state, and multiplayer is planned to come in the near future.
*Robocraft* - Similar to TerraTech, but it is a free-to-play arena shooter instead of a survival game. Build a bot from blocks, and battle them in various game modes and maps on an ice exo-planet, Mars, or Earth. Just came out of Early access, and it has been pretty fun.
*Spacechem* - A puzzle factory game where you make machines that take molecules and atoms and turn them into other molecules. In other words, you are making particle assemblers. Really challenging, and pretty fun.
Very cool, I've got a few of these in my library. :-)
In a previous video you mentioned that we could turn the sun into either 3 or 13 separate stars in order to prolong the period of habitability in our solar system. Is it possible to keep the planets in the same stable orbits as they are currently if we were to break our sun up into smaller stars?
And a bonus question about engineering the perfect star system by squeezing as many earth like worlds as possible into binary systems orbiting around the sun in the habitable zone, could we also separate the sun into separate stars in a way that would not cause instability and maintain habitability in such a star system?
Not exactly. There are various stable configurations, but in general, you'd want to separate them, otherwise they'd crash into each other again.
I love all your videos. Thank you for all the knowledge and entertainment
Thanks for watching. :-)
if you are using big lasers to move ships around, wouldnt the laser move aswell ? or is the amount so small it isn's an issue ?
the power required and inefficiency of such a system would almost require ground based stations
but having ground based stations, you would have to account for rotation of the planet or moon. and it would limit the "routes" you could use.
but i guess if you have enough power from solar or possibly even fusion, it would just be a matter of having some thrusters.
we solve that problem down to the nanosecond every day when we calculate GPS positions
Yes, the laser would get a kick back, but it would be easy enough to reposition it again.
Question : do you think that there's a system/tool better then math to explain the universe that we might discover later ? and if so is there any contestent ?
We have no idea. It's kind of the same thing as figuring out what's possible. If we knew there was a better tool, we'd probably switch to it. :-)
Alexandre Bisson Math can take you a long way to explaining phenomenon. Newton and Liebniz came up against a limitation in the math of their day and independently developed calculus. The coincidence is so striking that it even got Newton thinking that Liebniz stole his idea. But they both came up with different notation.
Calculus will take you toward complex variables and finally will leave you in the land of differential geometry. Math is currently way out in front of physics so I seriously doubt we will see another physicist like Newton opening up a new field of math.
The best book, a hard slog of a read, to tie math and physics together is Roger Penrose's Road to Reality. If you can read all the way through it and feel you understand it all you will probably be ready for graduate school in physics.
Alexandre Bisson we can discover/rediscover new ways to accomplish the calculations. An example would be the recent decipherment of a clay tablet from Babylonian area where the base 60 numbers provide very good calculations for trigonometry. These are more efficient than calculating and base 10 as the numbers more frequently come out even, and it used the sides of the triangles rather the the angle. If you are interested in learning about new math just google, lots of results.
A question for the next q&a:
Why was the Juno spacecraft put in a much longer trajectory to Jupiter then the Voyager and Pioneer robots?
Because it went into orbit around Jupiter. If you're just going to do a flyby, you can go fast, but if you want to go into orbit, you need to come in slower.
Fraser Cain thank you for your answer!
can you stop a non ferrous object from hitting you with a magnetic field?
If it's electrically charged, you can.
Fraser Cain ok! I imagine some kind of "umbrella" protecting a space vehicle from small objects, made of a magnetic field... it wold be a problem for a very fast ship.. lets say.. 0,1 ligth speed? how can you deal with dust particles at such speeds...! thanks a lot!
I've heard (I think from you) that most photos of what the nightsky supposedly looks like without light pollution, are heavily filtered and tweaked to make them look better. I'd like to know: What does the nightsky really look like without light pollution?
Oh, and thanks for answering my question! I feel special now!
You're going to have to see it for yourself. It's beautiful, but it doesn't look like the pictures. Find a place with dark skies and spend the night outside. Everyone is just a few hours drive (at most) from really dark skies.
Love the background in this one. The lighting is mint.
Thanks! I'll let the wife know. :-)
QUESTION: Why has the velocity of causality, the speed of light, the value of 3x10^8 m/s? Could it be faster or slower? Is this value related to some other property of the Universe, like the Planck constant, mass of the Universe or something else?
Thanks for your answer! I enjoy your show very much and learn a lot from it!
PS: Could you put a list of the questions answered on the description of the videos so we know if they were already answered and in which video they are answered? It would help a lot! Thanks
The speed of light is just the speed of light. We don't know "why" it's the speed of light. There are a bunch of these independent arbitrary constants in the Universe.
Great suggestion on the questions.
is there no more astronomy casts?
Sure there are, in fact, we just posted one. The live shows are still a few weeks away.
How many earths can fit inside uranus
Im not 12
63
Hey, Fraser! I really enjoy your show. I have a few questions if you don't mind.
Can you explain what are NASA's plans for future Moon habitats? And also, i would really like to see a full story of yours about future habitats that humans gonna use beyond Earth, like on the Moon and Mars. Those first habitats can grow to be foundations of future cities, so it's trully interesting to know something about them.
Thanks.
I have a question. We're is the universe located?
The Universe is everything, so the question doesn't exactly make sense.
Fraser Cain but what if the multiverse is true, the universe has to be located somewhere.
We don't know if the multiverse is true, there's no evidence that it exists. So... once we discover it's real, then we can figure out our place. Until then, the Universe is everywhere and everything - literally by definition.
Hey Fraser , another video watched & enjoyed , just wondered if you could do a follow up on the "is the earth increasing or decreasing in size" and explain what would happen if either got the upper hand , cheers
Neither would really matter, even over billions of years.
CameraWifey did a awesome job with lighting! great vid too!
Thanks, I'll let her know.
can we able restart the magnetosphere of Mars comparable to Earth's magnetosphere?
Probably not restart it, but there are other ways we could protect it. I've got a video coming soon that explains it.
does black holes has structure, parts? or is it homogeneous?
We don't know what's inside the event horizon of a black hole. We did a video about this: th-cam.com/video/FjP8u4O1uQU/w-d-xo.html
Good morning from Croatia. Nice vid as always...
Thanks from Canada!
Is there any physical law that prevents us from boosting or degrading a planets orbit?
Only that it's difficult, but in theory it's possible. You can asteroids to sweep closely to a planet to change its orbit.
Would love to see you do an entire video on Stereo A and B. You do a really good job explaining in layman terms.
Interesting, thanks!
Long time watcher, love your show! Just wondering: Why does NASA typically seem to take longer with missions that private / other countries do quicker?
NASA is very very careful, and also has a much higher success rate than other countries.
how many other civilizations are trying to figure out the same things that we do?
We have no idea how many other civilizations there are out there.
I was curious about was the Earth getting bigger or not myself and ages ago did a bit of research and found it was losing more atmosphere than gaining space dust etc. But id imagine those numbers would reverse one day
As I said, there are different scenarios that bring about different outcomes. The most amazing part is just how close it is.
Are pulsars very squashed?
They're probably flattened a little, since they're spinning so quickly. But they're also incredibly dense and small.
Thanks! Love your videos!!
Quick question, with the law of conservation of angular momentum, wouldn't a satellite based laser array be pushed in the opposite way that its pointed ?
I have 2 questions for next week's show ...
1) Is there any possibility that a black hole could explode, and if so, what might cause it and how big would the explosion be?
2) Using lagrange points, would it be possible to place six planets in the same orbit?
1. No, only when black holes evaporate, you can't get a final burst of radiation right at the end.
2. In theory, sure, but only in a perfect environment. The reality is that there'll be slight imbalances that add up and your planets crash together.
Question: What would happen if the solid earth just dissapered underneath us, leaving us with only the atmosphere? Would we just float around in a massive air bubble?
The Earth provides the gravity that keeps the atmosphere around the Earth, so the atmosphere would just escape off into space.
Because of the solar winds I suppose? Otherwise the air would just collaps and form a round small air "cloud"? I mean, if nothing else would affect it. :)
Serious question, Mr. Cain: have you tried the new Civilization 6 game yet? Do you have a particular favorite in the franchise?
Nope, I played a LOT of the earlier editions, especially Civ IV, but with a Steam Library of 1,000+ games... yikes!
Thanks for the reply. I've more or less consistently played Civ V for the past couple of years. More than 1000 games is quite a lot! :-)
I'm having trouble wrapping my head around exactly what globular clusters are and how they differ from galaxies. Can you elaborate for me?
I'll do an episode on them, they're my favorite objects. :-)
Fraser Cain Sweet! Looking forward to it!
Are black holes singularities composed of dark energy, dark matter, or not even theorized?
Follow up: If you could concentrate energy in high enough densities, could you create a black hole? Then how does this singularity relate to the above question?
From what we understand, black holes are just made of black hole. Matter, antimatter, energy, dark matter, it all just turns into black hole.
The only true paradox, "Why is there anything?" The possibility that the universe/properties has/have always existed is not actually an answer (eliminates the origin, but not the why). The possibility that we are not real (simulation/imagined) IS in fact a possible solution. Can you think of/know of any possibility where this universe IS real?
I did a video on the simulation hypothesis. In my opinion, there's no way to know if it's real or a simulation. Since we can't tell, we might as well live as if it's real: th-cam.com/video/-hfx07UhmEU/w-d-xo.html
That wasn't my question. I was asking if there was a possible solution to why anything exists that doesn't require the universe to not be real.
What you say in answer to the first question is undoubtedly the current best guess, but there's too little observation to be sure. We really have no idea what dark matter is, although we can rule out some ideas -- it is all neutrinos, it is all rogue planets or brown dwarfs or gas and dust, etc. On the basis of observations, we know it interacts through gravity on the scale of galaxies, and PRESUMABLY just the same as regular matter (which has now been studied down to the scale of microns), but at present we can't be sure our presumptions are right. There's a chance dark matter might be something weird and exotic. It's much the same with black holes, of course: we have some models that we know have a few problems with them, but that are mostly understood, and some objects in space that look a lot like what the models predict (which is why we can explain gravitational waves), but again, we don't have really detailed, up close observations that could help answer questions.
But I think the question was really whether dark matter could form clumps dense enough to collapse into a black hole, in which case the answer is probably not, at least in the modern universe, or else we should find clumps that would look very much like brown dwarfs in microlensing observations, but MAYBE in the early universe. I don't know if anyone knows the answer yet, but I wonder if the supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies got their starts as quantum fluctuations in the big bang, maybe fluctuations that concentrated too much dark matter (which is more abundant than familiar matter) in the same area. What do you think?
If we can figure out what dark matter is, and figure out what kind of a cross section it has, then we might be able to get a sense for how it interacts with regular matter, and itself. Maybe it could even explain how supermassive black holes got so big so quickly.
I find the tower density experiment on the Zero-G plane really cool. For those that don't know it's a tube full of different liquids with different densities. while in free fall the liquids start to intermix with each other. and if you shake the tub while in free fall the liquids stay mixed with each other until the plane exits its free fall. (not trying to bring up the subject of flat earth, just interesting how buoyancy is dependent on gravity)
Games I like are Halo, Star Wars Battle Front 1 & 2, Start Wars Risk.
Books well I haven't read to many sci-fi ones. The only one i remember that is not star wars is "The Supernaturalist" by Eoin Colfer.
I haven't seen that experiment, I'll dig up some videos and watch it.
Pulsars preferentially radiate in two directions, forming two beams, because of their magnetic fields and rotation. The sun also rotates and has a magnetic field, albeit orders of magnitude weaker, so does it radiate more in some directions than others? I'm wondering would our solar collectors gather a bit more energy by not orbiting in the ecliptic plane?
The collectors will be picking up photons of radiation coming from the photosphere of the Sun, and from my understanding, that's going out in all directions equally.
1:17 I think you meant to say "more mass/energy within the event horizon".
Would it be impossible for the moon to have just coalesced in the same orbit as the earth, and was eventually captured? Or that the moon just formed as a moon around a forming planet earth?
There are two competing theories about the formation of the Moon. That they formed together, or that the Moon is the material leftover from a catastrophic collision. Both theories have their advocates, and the evidence swings back and forth. I'd say right now, most people believe in the impact hypothesis.
Could dark matter be seen during a Gamma Ray Burst?
I haven't heard of astronomers detecting it during GRBs.
Some of the more recent boardgames that try to simulate "space science or science in space"
1. Leaving Earth - a game that tries to simulate the colonizations of the Solar system by allowing players to built rockets, research different impulses and combining them rockets with different masses, and then you have to add more rockets, because you've got too much mass etc.
2. Terraforming Mars: A game about ..... terra-forming Mars :-) The Next expansion is Terraforming Mars: Terraforming Venus. Wait...What?
3. First Martians: Adventures on the Red Planet: a (not really good) game about surviving on Mars
Cool suggestions, thanks!
Also does anyone here speak any other languages besides English? In addition to studying to be an astrophysicist also love languages and Cultural studies, I have always been fascinated in History and Middle Eastern Culture. I am currently learning Spanish and plan to start Arabic Studies and I n the future may do others next year (Persian, Chinese, French, Indonesian I also have interests in) and I´ve been wondering where to find Good Scientific books in other languages anyone know of any good books or documentaries to find? I found some on TH-cam but they´re mostly just English ones that have been dubbed over which is good but not as apt as an original would be.
There are two types of flat earthers: bored envious trolls (who want to waste the time of more successful people) and the mentally ill.
Yikes!
To be fair, it seems like it could be fun to try to come up with the excuses. Try to find various ways that you could go around the arguments with mathematically-sensible alternatives to a mostly-spherical Earth.
To actually believe it though... eh...
I would argue that most of them fit into both categories.
3 typs. the ones that dont believe it but know they can make money off of it
Fraiser, Whats more powerful/energetic a GRB or a Hypernova
Hypernovae can produce gamma ray bursts, but so can other kinds of events.
Why would we not use "water dragon" rocket (with new tech it could be much more viable as well) to build space stations and moon observatories? etc, wouldn't it be cheaper than regular rockers per tone for sending large objects and fairly large reusability?
The Sea Dragon concept is awesome, but I think the modern method of re-usability is going to be better. The Interplanetary Transport Ship is on the same scale as the Sea Dragon, but it lands back at the launch pad.
How mich time passed between when the planet Mars cooled enough for liquid water to form on its surface and when it lost its magnetic field and atmosphere? Could that have been long enough for multicellular life to have evolved?
This is still an unanswered question. The whole point of the Curiosity Rover was to figure out how long there was liquid water on the surface of Mars. The evidence seems to be, a long time, definitely millions of years. We don't know if single cell life evolved, not to mention multicellular.
What is the electric charge of the earth? can the earth's magnetosphere deflect the components of the solar wind (electron/protons) with different efficiency?
At the surface of the Earth it ranges from 25 to 65 microteslas. Yes, it does deflect different components, which is why we have multiple Van Allen Belts. Did you see our video? th-cam.com/video/1tZs02kxTdg/w-d-xo.html&index=2
Given that at some stage in the far future the Universe will theoretically be able to support life, but at the same time that life would have no way to know about universal expansion or the big bang... is there any way something happened in the past that puts us in a situation where we missed out on a window of understanding? Is it even possible to answer that question without shrugging and going 'sure anything's possible but it's unprovable'?
We cover this idea here: th-cam.com/video/Gi0BhfHCsmE/w-d-xo.html
also my favorite ever documentary series is How the universe works i cry every time a season ends
That's a great series.
what sort of instrument can observe a distant magnetosphere ?
Is the universe created from a while hole? If yes, does that mean it is expanding more in one direction?
We don't know where the Universe came from, but it's expanding in all directions. Did you ever see this video? th-cam.com/video/x2A4yYeurGk/w-d-xo.html
I had not watched this video! #MindBlown
Thank you Fraser.
Gotta recommend it again, Cixin Liu's The Three Body Problem and its sequels, The Dark Forest and Death's End, are absolutely fantastic. I listened to them all on Audible at work and it has become my favorite series of all time. Absolutely fascinating. Also, of course, Neal Stephenson is wonderful, I read Seveneves three times and I'm currently listening to Snowcrash.
I'm just reading Three Body Problem and absolutely loving it.
I would love to see a review episode when you're finished. Maybe you should do a sci fi book club hangouts series?
Completely agree. This was a great book. Adam Savage talked about it on his podcast so I read it in a rush.
I'm about 100 pages in, and I was struggling a little just because it's translated Chinese. Got to the timecode part, freaked out, and now I'm hooked.
Fraser Cain listening instead of reading helped me overcome that initial inertia, but that's about the point that the book really grabbed me too. The 2nd and 3rd books flow better in my opinion though. Or maybe I just liked the 2nd narrator better.
What happens at the edge of the expanding universe? Do the fields and fundamental forces expand like air in a balloon or do the blink into existence?
There is no edge. This video might help you grok it? th-cam.com/video/x2A4yYeurGk/w-d-xo.html
It's Universe Sandbox, Super Mario Galaxy 1&2 and Minecraft (especialy the space mod.) What out of those is your favorite?
Definitely Universe Sandbox. :-)
You said you like complex and complicated games. Tried EvE Online yet?
Yup, but not long enough. I loved the idea of massive battles between guilds, but I could never put in the time to get there. My experience was just getting ganked whenever I left the safe areas.
OK, let's say you were a game developer like Notch of Minecraft fame, and you got it in your head to fund a space mission.which he could do, last I checked. You have your choice of making a cassini style probe and sending it to Uranus, or building a moderm updated Hubble. Given that I recall hearing that further RTGs are out of the question, which spacecraft do you see being more likely possible?
What if you have a blackhole smaller than an atom's nucleus, that is neutrally charged, and then you drop an atom into it; would the atom's electrons start orbiting the now charged blackhole like as if the nucleus was still there? Would such an atomic blackhole be capable of forming molecules with other atoms or even other atomic blackholes? What would a material made of atomic blackholes look like under white light? If metalic atoms were used, would the object still conduct electricity the same way? What if it was made with crystal atoms, would it still be transparent?
It depends on the mass of the black hole. If it's neutrally charged, they're going to orbit it through gravity. I'm not sure about the rest of your ideas, though.
But wouldn't the blackhole become positively charged when absorbing the nucleus without the electron?
In theory, could you find a place in the universe, where you are not affected by any gravity fields, or they extend endlessly everywhere?
Gravity extends everywhere in the Universe, based on the speed of light. So you're experiencing gravity from objects where the light left them 13.8 billion years ago.
Fraser Cain thats fascinating to think about
We did a video about this a long time ago: th-cam.com/video/2wEZrejdcqA/w-d-xo.html
Hello Frasier! Question:
If you could choose which astronomical event you would be able to witness in your lifetime, what would it be?
For example:
Another major impact of an asteroid/comet like shoemaker-levy on a planet. if so which planet? Seeing Beetleguese go supernova ( even though it happened a couple 100 years ago )
Or perhaps there is something else that gets you excited.
I want to see a bright comet. I saw Hale Bopp back in the 90s, but it's been so long. It's time for another.
Fair enough, if the comet would smash into Mars after it made it's way around the sun :)
I personally would love to see a supernova that's close enough to see, but far enough not to cause any damage to our solar system.
Do you actually do these videos in a forest, or is that a green screen? If it is a forest, can I ask which one?
I live on Vancouver Island, so we're surrounded by forests.
Fraser Cain That’s right...I remember you said that in a previous video somewhere. I was going to ask if it was Stanley Park, but there didn’t seem to be enough people around (turns out I had the wrong Vancouver anyway).
Stanley Park is in Vancouver, I'm on Vancouver Island, about 5 hours away from the city. But, it's all pretty much the same. So much sci-fi is filmed here on the West Coast, mostly in Stanley Park. :-) That's why it all looks so familiar.
Fraser Cain Yes, I know. That’s why I said I had the wrong Vancouver. I vaguely remembered you saying something about Vancouver in a previous video...I just forgot the island part. I’ve spent quite a bit of time in Vancouver (the city), but I don’t think I’ve even been to the island. I’ve been meaning to get out to Butchart Gardens and Victoria...
Very much hoping for a video about what was learned from researchers from studies taking advantage of the recent eclipse.
I'm sure that data is going to be trickling out. I'll do a "what did we learn from the eclipse" episode once I know.
Hey Fraser, is it possible that the big bang expansion is the result of a new stable field "supernova" from a former metastable false vacuum universe?
No idea. But a supernova is an explosion, while the Big Bang is an expansion. I'm not sure how you'd get one from the other.
The hyper expansion of a new true vacuum decay at the speed of light if the higs field changes its properties. I can't think of another way of calling such expansion. You should definitely do an episode on vacuum decay
As always, great simulated background.
Thanks, we really spend the most time on the simulated bugs, though. That's the hard part.
awesome channel,thanks.
Thanks a lot!
If dark matter is affected by gravity and it could theoretically enter a black hole, could it be that all the dark matter we can"t ffind might actually be inside the black holes?
One idea is that dark matter is actually microscopic black holes, but that theory doesn't really have any support any more.
Would black holes really be black? An outside observer should never see something fall into it, just get closer and closer. So the initial supernova/core of the star would just be smeared around the event horizon. Does the light from that matter just eventually redshift to infinity, or does the event horizon expand to consume it as the matter contributes to the mass, or something else?
Yes, they'd be black because there's no radiation coming off of them. From our perspective, the light does redshift to infinity.
Are solar panels used in space different to ones used on earth?
The concept is the same, but weight is important, so they get the most expensive ones with the highest energy output. And hardened for space.
Frasier, I love your space laser transportation network plan. Say, on an unrelated note, where would you hide a giant space laser in this solar system where it could get enough power, but that nosey human beings couldn't detect it?
On the other side of the Sun?
If they are such a stable place in a solar system, why do we not see any planets at the L4 or L5 points of other planets?
The object has to have essentially zero mass compared to the mass of the major planets. So you can have asteroids at the Sun-Jupiter L4/L5 points.
Fraser Cain I'm sorry but Google can't answer this question for me and I don't understand. 90 percent of my knowledge on space has come from you. Correct me on any of this. There are gravity wells at these points regardless of material. The ongoing accumulation of material in one spot creates a deeper well. This would snowball if there was material available. The very early solar system had material everywhere. Yet we dont see any bodies of mass at either point on any orbital plane of any planet.
+M M it's only stable when the object in the L4/L5 is essentially zero mass compared to the other two objects. Satellite or tiny asteroid is fine. Planet isn't stable
An alternative for a magnetosphere would just a very thick atmosphere, that would do the job nicely as well.
Yup, you don't have to worry about the radiation down on the surface of Venus.
The horizon debunks flat earthers. Or how a large body of water curves, like its curving around a globe (cause it is)
They'll have answers for that.
Many of these conversations end up being like the Monty Python argument sketch.
M: An argument isn't just contradiction.
O: Well! it CAN be!
M: No it can't!
M: An argument is a connected series of statements intended to establish a proposition.
O: No it isn't!
Why is dark matter "clumpy"? If it only interacts with itself and regular matter gravitationally, shouldn't it be more or less uniformly distributed through the cosmos?
It's clumpy at the large scales, when the force of its gravity overcomes the expansion rate of the Universe. Then the material pulls together into clouds. I'm kind of working on a video that covers this, so stay tuned.
Actually, dark matter may also interact with regular matter through the weak and/or strong nuclear forces, we don't know yet, although experiments are underway to test these possibilities (esp. the weak force).
If you have a brown dwarf with three quarters the mass needed to be a star and then add enough mass in heavy elements, will it become a star?
You need to add enough mass so that the temperature and pressure at the core can ignite into fusion. Hydrogen gas can do it too.
Fraser Cain how could you make the jupiter start fusing?
Here's a video, just for you: th-cam.com/video/v9HtCAHv54E/w-d-xo.html&index=253
Short answer, crash 77 more Jupiters into it.
Fraser Cain oh thanks, didn't see that one
This specific video im showing to ppl in the event they dont get science
Hah, thanks!
If we could sense an oxygenated atmosphere on an earth-sized, habitable zone exoplanet, with a similar sun to ours, couldn't we infer that the planet has a working magnetosphere? It seems like the magnetosphere is a prerequisite for life in these types of planets.
I'm not sure of the specifics, but it could very well be that there are certain molecules (like water vapor) that couldn't exist without a magnetosphere protecting them.
movies: Pandorum, Serenity. video games: No Man's Sky (so sue me, I like it) and Star Ocean 3. Really good theory about how we are a computer simulation in that one.
Hey, NMS has gotten downright acceptable as a game. People keep mentioning Star Ocean 3, and I've really got to check that out.
Star Ocean 3 is a really great game just be prepared for some cut scenes, there are plenty. One of them is even about an hour long.