International Migration is a refereed, scientific journal on migration issues as analysed by demographers, geographers, economists, sociologists, political scientists and other social scientists from all parts of the world. It covers the entire field of policy relevance in international migration, giving attention not only to a breadth of topics reflective of policy concerns, but also attention to coverage of all regions of the world. Issues related to the entire ‘migration cycle’ from origin, transit, host, destination, and return and reintegration are all relevant to the journal. Geographic diversity and contributions based on multi-disciplinary research are particular priorities of the journal. Thank you ma'am
Thank you ma'am for the lecture 🙏. There are different theories of migration . Hammar, Brochmann, Tamas and Faist (1997) attempt to classify theories by using levels of migration. As per Hammar et al. (1997) and Faist and Faist (2000), migration theories are divided into three main categories as micro-level, macro-level and meso-level of migration . Micro-level theories consider migration decisions from an individual’s perspective, i.e. a person’s desires and expectations. Macro-level theories consider migration decisions from an aggregate point of view, i.e. the economic structure of the country. Meso-level is where migration decisions lie in between the two former theories, i.e. family bonds, social networks, peer groups and isolated minority communities. Neo-classical Theory: The oldest and best known theory of international migration is Neo-classical Theory. It explains the impact of labour migration on economic development. According to this theory and its extensions, the cause for international migration is the geographical imbalance between demand and supply of labour. Institutional Theory: With the origin of international migration, a number of institutions and organizations were set up to capitalize on the imbalance between the employers of labour-receiving countries and potential migrants of labour-sending countries . Network Theory: Labour migration can happen for various reasons. Some of them are: a desire for high individual income, an attempt for risk diversication of household income, an international displacement with a market penetration strategy, and as a programme of recruitment to satisfy employer demands for low-wage workers . Migration System Theory: The core assumption behind this theory is that migration contributes to change the economic, social, cultural and institutional conditions in both the receiving and sending country. International migration is a multi-disciplinary concept and it encompasses a number of disciplines such as Economics, Sociology, Geography, Culture, Law, Political Science, International Relations, Demography and Psychology. It has therefore become impossible to identify a single unique theory on international migration. Impact of migration on global politics : Positive Impact: -Unemployment is reduced and people get better job opportunities. -Migration helps in improving the quality of life of people. -It helps to improve social life of people as they learn about new culture, customs, and languages which helps to improve brotherhood among people. -Migration of skilled workers leads to a greater economic growth of the region. -Children get better opportunities for higher education. -The population density is reduced and the birth rate decreases. Negative Impact: -The loss of a person from rural areas, impact on the level of output and development of rural areas. -The influx of workers in urban areas increases competition for the job, houses, school facilities etc. -Having large population puts too much pressure on natural resources, amenities and services. -It is difficult for a villager to survive in urban areas because in urban areas there is no natural environment and pure air. They have to pay for each and everything.
Thank you so much mam for this knowledgeable lecture. We got to know so many things about migration through this video. • the term Human migration include the permanent change of residence by an individual or group. This is different from nomadism , migrant labour , commuting and tourism. • The topic of migration points towards important issues concerning - - state power - political membership - justice inside and outside state borders. There are two important concepts which are closely linked with the concept are namely :- - immigration : it is a process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of another country and play a very important role in the development of multicultural society. Emigration : refers to departure from a country for life or residence in another.
Thank you for the lecture ma'am!! Human migration refers to permanent change of residence by an individual or group. Migration being a universal and global phenomenon points out towards certain important issues concerning state power , political membership , justice inside and outside state borders. International migration is a diverse and complex process and can't be defined by any single theory . Various theories proposed to explain the concept are : 1. Push and Pull factor theory 2. Neoclassical theory 3. Migration system and network theory 4. New economics theory 5. World System theory 6. Institutional theory
Thanku so much mam for such a wonderful lecture🙏..... International migration occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of time.[1] Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad.[2] While there are several different potential systems for categorizing international migrants, one system organizes them into nine groups: temporary labor migrants; irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants; highly skilled and business migrants; refugees; asylum seekers; forced migration; family members; return migrants; and long-term, low-skilled migrants.[3] These migrants can also be divided into two large groups, permanent and temporary. Permanent migrants intend to establish their permanent residence in a new country and possibly obtain that country’s citizenship. Temporary migrants intend only to stay for a limited periods of time; perhaps until the end of a particular program of study or for the duration of a their work contract or a certain work..... Thanku...
Migration is a diverse and complex phenomenon. It means how people move one to another place for settling and earn livelihood. Human migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of setting parmanently or temporarily at a new location. “push” and “pull” factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. There are two types of migration - (1) International migration (2) Internal migration. Thanku ma'am for this greater understanding.....🙏
This theory assumes that labor markets and economies move towards equilibrium in the long run through trade and migration. It considers migrants as purely rational actors. Migrants move from societies where labor is abundant and wages are low, to societies where labor is scarce and wages are high.Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory. Thank u team cec🙏
Thank you Ma'am for the well explained lecture.. Human migration is permanent change of residence by an individual or group. It is different from normadism, migrant labour, commuting, tourism. The topic of migration points towards important issues concerning - state powers, political membership, justice inside and outside star borders. International migration - • diverse and complex •no single theory to explain all • variety of persons involved. Migration theories - • Meso theories - reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead location migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states. • Neo classical theory - this theory assumes that labor markets and economies move towards equilibrium in the long run through trade and migration.
Thank you ma'am..... International migration is the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement. International migrants change their usual place of residence from one country to another.
Thanks a lot ma'am for this informative lecture . The study of immigration/migration in international relations (IR) is, in many ways, a latecomer to the discipline. This is perhaps no great surprise, as the discipline has traditionally focused on questions of stability and war in the international system. However, there are many ways that international migration intersects directly with IR, even traditionally defined, and this has driven a growing body of scholarship.
Thankyou for the lecture ma'am. Migration is simply about movement of people. Migration can be internal i.e within the country or it can be international i.e. outside the country. Various factors contributes to migration which can be divided in two categories: push factors ( lack of resources, disaster prone area, poor infrastructure, low employment rate etc.) and pull factors ( better infrastructure, education and health care facilities, more employment opportunities, safety etc. )
Very well explained!!🙏 There are many economic, social and physical reasons of migration and it can be classified into push and pull factors . Push factors are those reasons people want to migrate from a place. Such as security, war, natural disaster ,extreme pollution ,death threat etc. Pull factors are those reasons why people want to migrate to a place . Such as better life, job opportunities, freedom, higher education, Medical Services, etc. Theories of migration- •Neoclassical -It considers migrantes as purely rational actors. Migrants move from societies where labour is abundant and wages are low, to societies where labour is scars and wages are high. • World system -this theory emphasize migration from peripheral developing countries to core capitalist ones . •Institutional- According to this theory, organisations that developed alongside International migration started to play a role in nurturing and encouraging further migration. •Migration system and networks -This theory focuses on the nexus between people at origin and destination. Migratory movements are often connected to prior long-standing links between sending and receiving countries ,these give birth to migration systems. •New economics- This theory incorporates the societal dimension in the decision to migrate. Migration decision is often taken collectively especially within households.
Human migration is permanent change of residence by an individual or group Different forms are nomination, migrants labours, commuting, tourism. Thanks for this amazing lecture ma'am 😊😊
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory (Johnston et al, 1981:218). Ravenstein's Laws of Migration Gravity Model Stouffer's Theory of Mobility Lee's Theory Thankyou maam for s wonderful lecture ♥
Thanku mam for the lecture... Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location. The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible this is the dominant form of human migration globally. Migration is often associated with better human capital at both individual and household level, and with better access to migration networks. Age is very also important for both work and non-work migration. • Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination. •Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration. • Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. • Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned The first attempt to spell out the ‘laws of migration’ was made by E.G. Ravenstein as early as in 1885. Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalizations, which he called as ‘laws of migration’ concerning inter-county migration in Britain in the nineteenth century. Most of these generalizations hold good even today Gravity model, based on Newton’s law of gravitation, goes one step further and states that the volume of migration between any two interacting centres is the function of not only distance between them but also their population size. In other words, migration is directly proportional to the product of their population size and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination. “Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. ▶Meso theories can help explain these discrepancies. They reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead locating migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states. Thank uh ma'am for explaining the topic so well.
Thanku mam for the lecture... Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location. The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible this is the dominant form of human
Push and pull theory helps us understand international migration. international migration is the result of a combination of reasons that incite or force a person to leave a country of origin (push factors) and reasons that draw a person to a particular destination country (pull factors) Push factors can include armed conflict, natural disasters, the lack of job opportunities, the possession of economic and cultural capital, a family break up or dissatisfaction with one’s own life and surroundings Pull factors can often be the polar opposites of the push factors, i.e. greater security, better job opportunities or the prospect of a more exciting life. But some pull factors have no immediate correlation with push factors, for example geographic proximity or the presence of family or community members in the destination country.
International migration is people moving to different states for better settlement and growth. It concerns with issues like political power, economic growth, justice inside and outside border. the quest for better opportunities make people migrate from one state to another And in other words we can call it push and pull factor . Push factor being bad health condition, lack of job etc and pull factor being better jobs, city life, better health and sanitation facilities in short better life.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory 1. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration: The first attempt to spell out the ‘laws of migration’ was made by E.G. Ravenstein as early as in 1885. Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalizations, which he called as ‘laws of migration’ concerning inter-county migration in Britain in the nineteenth century. Most of these generalizations hold good even today. 2. Gravity Model: One of the most important contributions of geography in the field of migration analysis is with respect to the relationship between distance and migration. A clear and persistent inverse relationship between the two has been established in several studies (Woods, 1979:183). Gravity model, based on Newton’s law of gravitation, goes one step further and states that the volume of migration between any two interacting centres is the function of not only distance between them but also their population size. 3. Stouffer’s Theory of Mobility: S.A. Stouffer, an American sociologist, introduced one such modification in the gravity model. Stouffer formulated his intervening opportunity model in 1940, and claimed that there is no necessary relationship between mobility and distance (Stouffer, 1940:846). Instead, the observed decline in the volume of migration is due to an increase in the number of intervening opportunities with increasing distance. Stouffer’s model suggests that the number of migrants from an origin to a destination is directly proportional to the number of opportunities at that destination, and inversely proportional to the number of intervening opportunities between the origin and the destination. 4. Lee’s Theory: Everett Lee proposed another comprehensive theory of migration in 1966. He begins his formulations with factors, which lead to spatial mobility of population in any area. These factors are: (i) Factors associated with the place of origin, (ii) Factors associated with the place of destination, (iii) Intervening obstacles, and (iv) Personal factors.
Thank you ma'am for this lecture. International migration is the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement. Migration is the very complex phenomenon. The first attempt to spell out the 'laws of migration' was made by E.G Ravenstein as early as in 1885.Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalization , which he called as 'laws of migration' concerning inter-country migration in Britain in the nineteenth century.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. In other words, migration is directly proportional to the product of their population size and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination. “Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. ▶Meso theories can help explain these discrepancies. They reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead locating migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states. Thank you so much ma'am for such an amazing lecture.✨
Thank you so much ma'am for the lecture. The study of immigration/migration in international relations (IR) is, in many ways, a latecomer to the discipline. Further, international migration by its very definition involves more than one state, calling attention to interstate relations, and to questions of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
The necessary conditions for migration to occur may be social and economic, but the sufficient conditions are political and legal. States must be willing to open their borders to the movement of people, and as people move they can acquire rights. There are many economic, social and physical reasons why people emigrate and they can usually be classified into push and pull factors. Push factors are those associated with the area of origin Pull factors are those that are associated with the area of destination Pull Factors More jobs Better jobs Higher wages The promise of a “better life” Push Factors Economic push factors tend to be the exact reversal of the pull factors: Overpopulation Few jobs Low wages
I doubt about the term *Voluntary Migration* I don't think there is such concept when we talk about migration. When individuals change places voluntarily then it's not migration, I think a*forced movement by humans* when rights violations occur could be termed as Migration.
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Very thankful to cec,for providing such comprehensive lectures for every subject.
International Migration is a refereed, scientific journal on migration issues as analysed by demographers, geographers, economists, sociologists, political scientists and other social scientists from all parts of the world. It covers the entire field of policy relevance in international migration, giving attention not only to a breadth of topics reflective of policy concerns, but also attention to coverage of all regions of the world. Issues related to the entire ‘migration cycle’ from origin, transit, host, destination, and return and reintegration are all relevant to the journal. Geographic diversity and contributions based on multi-disciplinary research are particular priorities of the journal.
Thank you ma'am
Thank you ma'am for the lecture 🙏.
There are different theories of migration .
Hammar, Brochmann, Tamas and Faist (1997) attempt to classify theories by using levels of migration. As per Hammar et al. (1997) and Faist and Faist (2000), migration theories are divided into three main categories as micro-level, macro-level and meso-level of migration . Micro-level theories consider migration decisions from an individual’s perspective, i.e. a person’s desires and expectations.
Macro-level theories consider migration decisions from an aggregate point of view, i.e. the economic structure of the country.
Meso-level is where migration decisions lie in between the two former theories, i.e. family bonds, social networks, peer groups and isolated minority communities.
Neo-classical Theory:
The oldest and best known theory of international migration is Neo-classical Theory. It explains the impact of labour migration on economic development. According to this theory and its extensions, the cause for international migration is the geographical imbalance between demand and supply of labour.
Institutional Theory:
With the origin of international migration, a number of institutions and organizations were set up to capitalize on the imbalance between the employers of labour-receiving countries and potential migrants of labour-sending countries .
Network Theory:
Labour migration can happen for various reasons. Some of them are: a desire for high individual income, an attempt for risk diversication of household income, an international displacement with a market penetration strategy, and as a programme of recruitment to satisfy employer demands for low-wage workers .
Migration System Theory:
The core assumption behind this theory is that migration contributes to change the economic, social, cultural and institutional conditions in both the receiving and sending country.
International migration is a multi-disciplinary concept and it encompasses a number of disciplines such as Economics, Sociology, Geography, Culture, Law, Political Science, International Relations, Demography and Psychology. It has therefore become impossible to identify a single unique theory on international migration.
Impact of migration on global politics :
Positive Impact:
-Unemployment is reduced and people get better job opportunities.
-Migration helps in improving the quality of life of people.
-It helps to improve social life of people as they learn about new culture, customs, and languages which helps to improve brotherhood among people.
-Migration of skilled workers leads to a greater economic growth of the region.
-Children get better opportunities for higher education.
-The population density is reduced and the birth rate decreases.
Negative Impact:
-The loss of a person from rural areas, impact on the level of output and development of rural areas.
-The influx of workers in urban areas increases competition for the job, houses, school facilities etc.
-Having large population puts too much pressure on natural resources, amenities and services.
-It is difficult for a villager to survive in urban areas because in urban areas there is no natural environment and pure air. They have to pay for each and everything.
Thank you so much mam for this knowledgeable lecture. We got to know so many things about migration through this video.
• the term Human migration include the permanent change of residence by an individual or group. This is different from nomadism , migrant labour , commuting and tourism.
• The topic of migration points towards important issues concerning -
- state power
- political membership
- justice inside and outside state borders.
There are two important concepts which are closely linked with the concept are namely :-
- immigration : it is a process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of another country and play a very important role in the development of multicultural society.
Emigration : refers to departure from a country for life or residence in another.
Thank you for the lecture ma'am!!
Human migration refers to permanent change of residence by an individual or group. Migration being a universal and global phenomenon points out towards certain important issues concerning state power , political membership , justice inside and outside state borders. International migration is a diverse and complex process and can't be defined by any single theory . Various theories proposed to explain the concept are :
1. Push and Pull factor theory
2. Neoclassical theory
3. Migration system and network theory
4. New economics theory
5. World System theory
6. Institutional theory
Thanku so much mam for such a wonderful lecture🙏.....
International migration occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of time.[1] Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad.[2] While there are several different potential systems for categorizing international migrants, one system organizes them into nine groups: temporary labor migrants; irregular, illegal, or undocumented migrants; highly skilled and business migrants; refugees; asylum seekers; forced migration; family members; return migrants; and long-term, low-skilled migrants.[3] These migrants can also be divided into two large groups, permanent and temporary. Permanent migrants intend to establish their permanent residence in a new country and possibly obtain that country’s citizenship. Temporary migrants intend only to stay for a limited periods of time; perhaps until the end of a particular program of study or for the duration of a their work contract or a certain work.....
Thanku...
Migration is a diverse and complex phenomenon. It means how people move one to another place for settling and earn livelihood. Human migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of setting parmanently or temporarily at a new location.
“push” and “pull” factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. There are two types of migration - (1) International migration (2) Internal migration.
Thanku ma'am for this greater understanding.....🙏
This theory assumes that labor markets and economies move towards equilibrium in the long run through trade and migration. It considers migrants as purely rational actors. Migrants move from societies where labor is abundant and wages are low, to societies where labor is scarce and wages are high.Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory.
Thank u team cec🙏
Thank you Ma'am for the well explained lecture..
Human migration is permanent change of residence by an individual or group. It is different from normadism, migrant labour, commuting, tourism.
The topic of migration points towards important issues concerning - state powers, political membership, justice inside and outside star borders.
International migration -
• diverse and complex
•no single theory to explain all
• variety of persons involved.
Migration theories -
• Meso theories - reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead location migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states.
• Neo classical theory - this theory assumes that labor markets and economies move towards equilibrium in the long run through trade and migration.
Thank you ma'am.....
International migration is the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement. International migrants change their usual place of residence from one country to another.
Thanks a lot ma'am for this informative lecture .
The study of immigration/migration in international relations (IR) is, in many ways, a latecomer to the discipline. This is perhaps no great surprise, as the discipline has traditionally focused on questions of stability and war in the international system. However, there are many ways that international migration intersects directly with IR, even traditionally defined, and this has driven a growing body of scholarship.
Thankyou for the lecture ma'am. Migration is simply about movement of people. Migration can be internal i.e within the country or it can be international i.e. outside the country. Various factors contributes to migration which can be divided in two categories: push factors ( lack of resources, disaster prone area, poor infrastructure, low employment rate etc.) and pull factors ( better infrastructure, education and health care facilities, more employment opportunities, safety etc. )
Very well explained!!🙏
There are many economic, social and physical reasons of migration and it can be classified into push and pull factors .
Push factors are those reasons people want to migrate from a place.
Such as security, war, natural disaster ,extreme pollution ,death threat etc.
Pull factors are those reasons why people want to migrate to a place .
Such as better life, job opportunities, freedom, higher education, Medical Services, etc.
Theories of migration-
•Neoclassical -It considers migrantes as purely rational actors. Migrants move from societies where labour is abundant and wages are low, to societies where labour is scars and wages are high.
• World system -this theory emphasize migration from peripheral developing countries to core capitalist ones .
•Institutional- According to this theory, organisations that developed alongside International migration started to play a role in nurturing and encouraging further migration.
•Migration system and networks -This theory focuses on the nexus between people at origin and destination. Migratory movements are often connected to prior long-standing links between sending and receiving countries ,these give birth to migration systems.
•New economics- This theory incorporates the societal dimension in the decision to migrate. Migration decision is often taken collectively especially within households.
Human migration is permanent change of residence by an individual or group
Different forms are nomination, migrants labours, commuting, tourism.
Thanks for this amazing lecture ma'am 😊😊
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory (Johnston et al, 1981:218).
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
Gravity Model
Stouffer's Theory of Mobility
Lee's Theory
Thankyou maam for s wonderful lecture ♥
Thanku mam for the lecture...
Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location. The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible this is the dominant form of human migration globally. Migration is often associated with better human capital at both individual and household level, and with better access to migration networks. Age is very also important for both work and non-work migration.
• Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination.
•Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration.
• Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration.
• Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon.
Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned
The first attempt to spell out the ‘laws of migration’ was made by E.G. Ravenstein as early as in 1885. Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalizations, which he called as ‘laws of migration’ concerning inter-county migration in Britain in the nineteenth century. Most of these generalizations hold good even today
Gravity model, based on Newton’s law of gravitation, goes one step further and states that the volume of migration between any two interacting centres is the function of not only distance between them but also their population size.
In other words, migration is directly proportional to the product of their population size and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.
Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination.
“Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration
Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration.
▶Meso theories can help explain these discrepancies. They reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead locating migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states.
Thank uh ma'am for explaining the topic so well.
Thanku mam for the lecture...
Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location. The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another, but internal migration is also possible this is the dominant form of human
Push and pull theory helps us understand international migration. international migration is the result of a combination of reasons that incite or force a person to leave a country of origin (push factors) and reasons that draw a person to a particular destination country (pull factors)
Push factors can include armed conflict, natural disasters, the lack of job opportunities, the possession of economic and cultural capital, a family break up or dissatisfaction with one’s own life and surroundings
Pull factors can often be the polar opposites of the push factors, i.e. greater security, better job opportunities or the prospect of a more exciting life. But some pull factors have no immediate correlation with push factors, for example geographic proximity or the presence of family or community members in the destination country.
International migration is people moving to different states for better settlement and growth. It concerns with issues like political power, economic growth, justice inside and outside border. the quest for better opportunities make people migrate from one state to another And in other words we can call it push and pull factor . Push factor being bad health condition, lack of job etc and pull factor being better jobs, city life, better health and sanitation facilities in short better life.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon. Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned. Therefore, there is no comprehensive theory of migration, although attempts have been made, from time to time, to integrate migration into economic and social theory, spatial analysis and behavioural theory
1. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration:
The first attempt to spell out the ‘laws of migration’ was made by E.G. Ravenstein as early as in 1885. Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalizations, which he called as ‘laws of migration’ concerning inter-county migration in Britain in the nineteenth century. Most of these generalizations hold good even today.
2. Gravity Model:
One of the most important contributions of geography in the field of migration analysis is with respect to the relationship between distance and migration. A clear and persistent inverse relationship between the two has been established in several studies (Woods, 1979:183). Gravity model, based on Newton’s law of gravitation, goes one step further and states that the volume of migration between any two interacting centres is the function of not only distance between them but also their population size.
3. Stouffer’s Theory of Mobility:
S.A. Stouffer, an American sociologist, introduced one such modification in the gravity model. Stouffer formulated his intervening opportunity model in 1940, and claimed that there is no necessary relationship between mobility and distance (Stouffer, 1940:846). Instead, the observed decline in the volume of migration is due to an increase in the number of intervening opportunities with increasing distance. Stouffer’s model suggests that the number of migrants from an origin to a destination is directly proportional to the number of opportunities at that destination, and inversely proportional to the number of intervening opportunities between the origin and the destination.
4. Lee’s Theory:
Everett Lee proposed another comprehensive theory of migration in 1966. He begins his formulations with factors, which lead to spatial mobility of population in any area.
These factors are:
(i) Factors associated with the place of origin,
(ii) Factors associated with the place of destination,
(iii) Intervening obstacles, and
(iv) Personal factors.
Thank you ma'am for this lecture. International migration is the movement of people across international borders for the purpose of settlement. Migration is the very complex phenomenon.
The first attempt to spell out the 'laws of migration' was made by E.G Ravenstein as early as in 1885.Using the birthplace data, Ravenstein identified a set of generalization , which he called as 'laws of migration' concerning inter-country migration in Britain in the nineteenth century.
Migration is a very complex phenomenon.
Apart from a set of social, economic, political and environmental factors, migration of population in any region is determined, to large extent, by the perception and behaviour of individuals concerned.
In other words, migration is directly proportional to the product of their population size and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.
Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration. In the case of economic migration, push factors would typically include economic conditions such as unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination.
“Push and pull theory” is one of the most important theories for studying floating population and immigrants. The theory holds that the reasons for migration and immigration are because people can improve their living conditions through migration
Macro theories emphasise the structural, objective conditions which act as "push" and "pull" factors for migration.
▶Meso theories can help explain these discrepancies. They reject the macro focus on push and pull factors, instead locating migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states.
Thank you so much ma'am for such an amazing lecture.✨
Thank you so much ma'am for the lecture. The study of immigration/migration in international relations (IR) is, in many ways, a latecomer to the discipline. Further, international migration by its very definition involves more than one state, calling attention to interstate relations, and to questions of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
It's nice lacture . Thanku mam .
Very crisp and clear explanation thank you very much
Please mention the title of the video in notification also..
The necessary conditions for migration to occur may be social and economic, but the sufficient conditions are political and legal. States must be willing to open their borders to the movement of people, and as people move they can acquire rights.
There are many economic, social and physical reasons why people emigrate and they can usually be classified into push and pull factors.
Push factors are those associated with the area of origin
Pull factors are those that are associated with the area of destination
Pull Factors
More jobs
Better jobs
Higher wages
The promise of a “better life”
Push Factors
Economic push factors tend to be the exact reversal of the pull factors:
Overpopulation
Few jobs
Low wages
I doubt about the term *Voluntary Migration* I don't think there is such concept when we talk about migration.
When individuals change places voluntarily then it's not migration, I think a*forced movement by humans* when rights violations occur could be termed as Migration.
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