Analog Luma - A History and Explanation of Video
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 พ.ย. 2024
- Concepts behind color, pure luminance, relative luminance, luma, the history behind light and television, and an examination of a luma signal on an oscilloscope.
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#luma #video #analog
This is an extremely good explanation of Luma.
Yeah holy shit
I totally underestimated what I was going to learn in this video. You totally just blew my mind. Awesome work mate.
Thanks!
I love the way you take such a complicated concept step by step like this. Also, seeing the domesday project mentioned *and* a Linux desktop pushed me over the edge and I subscribed. Good stuff.
HOW DOES THIS NOT HAVE MORE VIEWS? This is an incredibly well put together video, absolutely love it.
Can't wait for the vide on chroma!
@Keneric:
Well ShoutyshoutyLulzyGuy had 2 homeless fight while they were dressed as Fortnight characters and he shouted "Boing" at random intervals. People can only watch so much. He also denied the Holocaust and was ousted as a rapist mere seconds later, did an apology tour on Twitch live stream and returned to normal youtubing the next day. Yes, I'm an angry old fart shouting at clouds! :P.
I really hope your channel gets big. I just came here from Game Sack shouting you out on Twitter and this is the exact kinda technical stuff I love!
Thanks!
I've been trying to understand these concepts for literal years (as a photography and video enthusiast who kept coming across them), and thanks to your video I think I might finally understand them. Thank you!
What a fantastic video, man. Please continue to dive into these deeper video explanations. Your visuals help make this very complex topic approachable for even modest hobbyists.
Will do!
I was working on a project and stumbled on NTSC stuffs, I had to get head around lot of complicated stuffs before I could actually understand it. This video summed it all up perfectly. You earned a dedicated subscriber for sure now. Gonna binge your vids somday
One of the best videos on TH-cam, all of the gamers and players need to watch this and the chrominance video. We’re finally getting luma based solutions to the fuzzy picture when you play the nes and before with the default output/s.
That's what I would call going in depth, holy smokes son. Very educational and well explained. Thanks!
This is one of the most informative videos I've seen on this topic. Great job!
Thanks!
Luma luma ay, luma luma ay, luma luma luma ay...
Btw I've loved every one of your videos so far. Super informative and a layperson could follow along easily, very digestible. These videos are about things I've always wondered as a nerd and a mildly technical person.
Absolutely astounding production! Thank you for captioning your hard work.
Happy Day!
(Mentally or physically marking off the two line captioning area in the preview field of your editing software will help to prevent important things in the presentation from being obscured)
Great explanation. I have seen several explanations before elsewhere, but the way you presented it brought it all together.
Well... this video is using Luma too! Modern codecs use YUV colorspace for video, where Y is Luma. So, almost any digital video you see has Luma component. HDMI can use RGB colorspace but in most cases it uses YUV. Yep! Your fancy flat OLED TV is still fed with Luma :-)
This is such a good video. I can’t believe you make content this amazing with such few views. Thank you for you what you do!
Man I really can’t tell you how much I am love the deep dive videos you make. I feel like the more I watch the more I get an understanding of how this all works and it helps with the stuff that I actually make. Keep up the great work
Such an informative and professional video. Great job!
Ive just stumbled on your channel via MLiG. Absolutely love your content and the way it’s delivered. Thanks.
This was a great video man. Good work. Can’t wait for the next instalment.
This is such a good and easy to follow video, really helped with understanding the concept of Luma properly.
What a fantastic video! I really enjoyed this. I usually think the only problem with your videos is that most seem too short, so this was a great one. Really thorough analysis and explanation.
This is my new favorite channel! Thank you so much!
Awesome explanation. Awesome ending theme. The Tyrian OST is truly unforgetable.
I think another interesting effect one can notice in the squirrel example, is that the oscilloscope is more sensitive to luma changes for bright values than for dark values: the curve makes huge slopes when analyzing the background in the sun, which however doesn't appear that "contrasted" to my eye. And oppositely, it makes smaller oscillations when analyzing the dark eye and the brighter face of the squirrel, which look way more contrasted in my opinion. That would confirm that the human eye is more sensitive to changes in the dark ranges than bright ranges.
Love how all your videos sounds like a full 20 minutes TV commercial from the 90s
Thumbs up for the Tyrian remix. Heard it and felt so much nostalgia
Your videos are nothing short of amazing!
You are good in making this kind of video. It doesn't look at all like a video game channel.
Great explanation! Great vid!
Excellent video. You explain your subjects very well and I always look forward to learning something new from your videos.
Great video. The oscilloscope really helped solidify the understanding.
your channel is simply a TREASURE TROVE!
Fantastic explanation of Luma, thanks!
This is definitely my favorite video of yours. I'd love to see more in this style!
In ntsc regions early consoles generated luma based video, when we get to the mid 80s we start to see consoles that produce rgb video like computers. The ps2 and all consoles that are disc based post the cd generation natively output luma based video as the information on a dvd or blu ray is encoded in luma video which is then decoded by the monitor and converted to rgb values.
NTSC - Never The Same Color
Also Never twice same color :D
This is just Euro-trash PAL propaganda!!! LOL
PAL - People Are Lavender
PAL - Pay A Lot
PAL : Play At Lowerspeed
I learn more from you than my TCU classes. Don't stop
This is a great video, I'm sharing it with all my technically minded friends! Is there a follow-up video on Chroma coming soon?
Yes. Most definitely.
This channel is amazing!
Will we get there? I find direct chroma generation in Atari, C64 and NES quite intriguing :D
Working on it! Hopefully soon.
Fantastically informative! I'm not a total novice with this kind of stuff (Technology Connections helped a bunch before I found this) but you've really helped with the more nitty-gritty.
Apologise for not directly talking about video display, but in UI programming (or UI design in general), knowing the relative luminance of colour can help determine the readability of a text element, whether you want to use white texts or black texts.
Sure, you can skip the maths altogether, and just eyeball it, but what if, say, you're programming a game UI and granting the player ability to change the UI colour in-game, or just a pedantic designer/having a pedantic client? You can still skip the math and apply outline to the text, but what if you want your game having pixel art aesthetic to the max (down to 1:1 pixel scale), or your design guidelines doesn't allow outlining text? The relative luminance formula can help you switch between white text and background text according to the background colour the player choses, in-game. You can also use the same formula to limit the colour from getting too close to black (0 RL) or white (1 RL) without clamping the value of each primary colour.
What a great video. You're really god at this.
I'm going to see your other videos!
Outstanding work.
Excellent description! Thanks!
Absolutely excellent video. Great job. Thank you for schooling
You really love to explain don't you? These videos are very good and helpful.
Wow, took me a while to understand some concepts but this is an amazing video!
which song is used from around 09:14 (edit: found it - wolf and raven ''on the run'')
Luma is a character in Super Mario, usually affiliated with Rosalina, and can be mainly found in the Super Mario Galaxy games.
How did I find this channel just now?
By luck, or the algorithm! I hope you liked it!
Joe from GameSack sent me here. Not disappointed at all.
If you ever get the chance, why not talk a little about PAL-M? All I really know is, because it was unique to us, it brought tons of problems not only for TV set manufactures, that either had to create whole new models or make adapters for existing ones at the time, but also for TV networks, that had to make a run for getting most of their programs working with color XD.
Brazil was always really weird when it came to television broadcasting, even to this day with digital television; we, again, modified an existing format to make "our own" XD.
Would love to at some point. I should try to acquire some systems from Brazil and examine them. Honestly, I wonder how much information is out there about it that is in English in terms of documentary style (versus technical/engineering books). Is there a Portuguese equivalent to the Nova TV series or are there any channels on TH-cam that have covered history on how Brazil got 525-Line video paired with PAL encoding?
@@DisplacedGamers I really never found something like that, aside from the Wikipedia articles and some news snippets here and there. All most people really care about was the first color transmission, that was the "Festa da Uva 1972 (Grape Festival)", which has tons of videos of it around the internet. Then there's this famous journalist / comedian guy that I do remember him mentioning how he suffered with PAL-M on some interviews. Also this:
th-cam.com/video/1ZMDs-FLQb8/w-d-xo.html
In this video where he's a guest for this famous tech TH-camr, they teardown a Brazilian Atari 2600 and briefly mention the PAL-M converter chip inside (~16:45 to 17:40). He says that it was the military government of the time that chose the system, and just how it was a hassle to carry around an extra NTSC to PAL-M converter "thingy" so the cameras would work with color XD.
EDIT: I don't know why TH-cam is making such a huge empty space in my comments when I just press enter to make a new paragraph... Had to edit it out in this one XD.
There’s a fun backronym for NTSC and PAL. Because PAL alternates the direction of the color signal every frame, shifting the hue of the whole image makes the whole image not look that bad, which was important because NTSC had a problem with calibrating the hue. So NTSC was called “never the same color” and PAL was called “perfect at last”
I suppose I've been enLIGHTened!
5:26 Technology Connections approves of your color preferences
Great video, easy to understand.
What I've always wondered is why electronics use Red-Green-Blue and not Red-Green-Violet. It seems like we're missing out on an entire section of the light spectrum.
I will always be more impressed with the history of CRT and light than I will be for AI and other "modern inventions".
Great video, keep on going!
xyY instead of xyz when creating a three dimensional representation. Absolute genius on their part.
I think this channel is spectacular. I also think I've figured out what YPbPr means. If Y' is the Luma, and R and B are colors represented, then G = Y - (R + B), right?
Pb and Pr are the Blue difference and the Red difference, or Pb = B - Y, and Pr = R - Y. This is a bit oversimplified, as gamma correction demands slightly more complex math, but the gist is simple - by broadcasting only the difference, you can more efficiently use bandwidth and eliminate redundancy. And you are correct - green can be inferred from the other three.
@@Longlius Similar to how FM stereo is derived from the combined mono signal (L+R) and the difference signal (L-R) for much the same reason as TV, backwards compatibility.
freaking awesome video, i wanted to see the color signal on oscilloscope tho
We will get there!
Why didn’t I have teachers like this in high school?
Surprisingly interesting.
This video reminds me of some developer thing for I think it was Forza 4? They were claiming their sun was much closer in-game than other games, by adjusting the luma scale in the game. It might have been Forza Horizon.
So I now understand how my color calibration tools work
amazing video. I'm glad I found it!
This was a very interesting video
1:05 The top image has 5 colours and the bottom has 6, neither of which is 7, nor what Newton proposed. Ironically, despite understanding colour as a science already for hundreds of years now, it is still taught incorrectly to almost everyone.
Part of the confusion comes from the names of colours changing over time. A good example can be seen in “Roses are red, violets are blue”, which simultaneously shows that what we now call blue used to be called violet, and that what we now call red used to be called rose. Another part comes from how difficult colour reproduction used to be, meaning that old scientific documents with displayed colours and associated names are not as accurate as we can show today. Another part comes from the fact that the colour we get from mixing each end of the colour spectrum does not appear anywhere in it. The last major part of the confusion is how Newton separated colours for naming.
So, Newton gave the colours names that we still call them today, however they don’t line up like he named them anymore. He wrapped the spectrum into a circle, split it into 12 equal intervals, then combined them into 7 named parts. They were red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, and this was based on the musical scale.
Not too long after Newton, another scientist split this colour wheel into 6 equal parts, and changed some names. Now it was red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and magenta. Every colour could be made by adding red, green, and blue, or by subtracting cyan, magenta, and yellow. This is why screens use RGB(W), and printers use CMY(K). This scientist’s colour wheel has been misinterpreted and incorrectly taught to this day as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.
For anyone interested.
Outstanding.
It was... illuminating.
Isn't NTSC color a little redundant ? Since NTSC is "never the same color"?
can i ask how did you do this video ? did you read books or did you take a course or what did you do ? because this information is not so easy to find
20 minutes we’ll spent!
love this channel :)
TH-cam needs a function to watch videos in B&W
I'd love a scanline or composite filter, in addition.
Oh dang that's Tyrian
Maybe it's the videos I'm used to watching, but I kept hearing "the CIA" when CIE was mentioned
For a second I thought they'd taken a break from toppling democracies to institute a color standard.
This must be related to why nes, 2600 and c64 can't show yellow.
ha! much to take in... OSX have been able to see and compare 3D space colors since more than 10 years ago.
Ah, the devil's pitchforks connection that you need to screw to the back of the tv
This has probably been asked before however, why not use "z" in your explanation to represent the third dimension for the spectrum? I understand that "Y" is the correct variable to specify the Luma value but, it seems odd to use the letter "y" again when "z" is well known to generally represent the third dimension. Also, I do understand the case of a variable does technically make it differ from one.another.
The color space xyY is from CIE. It relates to the CIE XYZ color space. Despite dealing with color spaces that are 3D, I would focus on what the numbers/color spaces represent for human vision and color rather than the traditional variables used for defining 3D space in the Cartesian coordinate system.
In short - CIE xyY is an “official” a color space and was not made by me.
@@DisplacedGamers Just because the variable names do not match what we, or at least I, am used to seeing for a 3D space does not change the way I look at the information you've provided which, by the way, fantastic videos you have here on your channel. I take the information at face value and try my best to understand how it works. You do a great job at explaining the information needed to understand the material so, for the most part, I am able to grasp it..
I was just a little thrown off at first due to this being the first time I've seen a variable name, other than "z", to represent the third dimension. I honestly did not know that some data information variables differ from this. However, it is with good reason that they do. It tells the observer that this information pertains to Luma and is not just a generic 3D space/shape.
Well, thank you for responding and keep up the fantastic work, man.
What still bothers me is why the different color spaces? Man, when I decided to purchase an used N64 to mod it for RGB, I easily installed the mod. The problem was, how to get it working on my CRT component video input without the money and a job to buy the overpriced RGB scart to component transcoder/converter and the high priced RGB scart cable? Well some knowledge and creativity! As I bought an VGA to component transcoder for my Dreamcast as flat TVs where stoping VGA support, I used my brain and converted one of my Dreamcast VGA box into a universal RGB box using a DB9 connector. And to evade the problems of C sync, sync on luma and sync on composite I used the Luma from s-video to directly output it's signal to Y on the TV, and it worked! Correct me if I'm wrong but the s-video Luma is the same as Y from component video right? This is why it works. And great video, if you could, I would like a video explaining why the different color spaces exist and their differences (if not already made one, I just discovered your channel).
Different color spaces exist to do different things. A lot of the reason why there is so many is because NTSC sucks and if you aren't forced to deal with it it's best to avoid it.
Professional stuff like art and editing stuff like billboards and posters would ideally have perfect full range color, but that's not possible for various technical reasons. Back when CRTs existed, the best that was possible for a reasonable price for professionals sucked. So whenever the technology got better and allowed better, it's was worth it because what you had was so bad. So new standards got made more often than would otherwise.
Nowadays, the most common color space for consumer displays got entrenched because it's good enough for most things and it's expensive to change. Just now are we seeing a push to something better with HDR.
Nowadays, all the common color spaces are either legacy or due to a limitation of something specific, like printers.
@@lobsterbark I can't say about NTSC because in Brazil we use PAL-M which I think is a fork of other PAL types and it sucks much more than NTSC and after the change to digital broadcast we almost made a full transition to NTSC, but our tv sets still support PAL-M for legacy reasons. But what is my problem is why component video uses the awful YCbCr 4:2:0 or 4:2:2 and not RGB like SCART does? They trade an old better format to a new worst one, this don't make any sense.
@@ZinhoMegaman As for Brazil changing to NTSC, I suspect the reasons are related to the corruption problems the government has. Corruption leads to incompetent officials, which leads to shitty decisions. I would look into who is in charge of that decision, and how they got to be in charge.
As for why component video is the way it is, it's because of VHS. Tape was expensive and people wanted to record tons of video without spending a ton of money, so they made it seperate out color in a way that made it even lower quality than the way NTSC handles it so they could squeeze in more video per tape. Component is the easiest way to output the signal from reading a tape without extra processing, and a TV doesn't have to do anything extra to it to accept it. So it's very cheap to add component video input to a TV, so once VHS started to become popular, almost all TVs started including it.
So consoles and computers started using it because it's better than RF, and all TVs had it.
Backwards compatibility & chroma sub sampling are why luma based color spaces exist
#justacommentofappreciation
Very thorough explanation! God bless
Luma luma yay
*LOL I thought this video was about component cables or just RGB sir*
Y.. you haven't heard of any other way to disarm the PAL have you, from your bosses or anyone?
Presentation level: Wizard
Llegué aca gracias a la recomendación del gran Artemio Urbina
Well, it looks like lunch will have to wait
0:39 Why is "black and white" still here? Just to suffer?
God damnit fine I'll learn what Luma is TH-cam, fuck.
1:03 I'm I THAT colour blind, or did he mean SIX colours? D:
I see *pink, indigo, blue, green, yellow and red* as distinct colours, and green is very nearly invisible.
Yeah that looks to be the colors? The green is pretty visible though
The stars from Super Mario Galaxy
our white light is probably different from planets around other stars...
Don't forget chroma...the crazy cousin
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