I’m still so amazed clothes can be so cheap and massed produced when fabric are thousands of complicated individual weaving. I have a very great appreciation for clothes and wonder why clothes can be made in such mass quantity and low prices
There are maaaany factors for that. And relationships are complex.. but from my vast ignorance/limited experience I could say: Cotton and other fibre sources are made in huge batches all around the world, so they enter the commodity market where standards are required so they are all of comparable quality. Standardization promotes competition between sellers. Then since most of the produce, harvesting, spinning and weaving is made by machines, the costs are mainly energy and some operation hands, which at those speeds they are there just to interact with certain processes and keep the flow of things. So most of the cost is whatever the machines cost to run. Which in case the price of energy (oil/coal/solar) is known and reliable, a cost can be estimated. If things are highly reproducible with little errors (thanks precision engineering), then whoever is trading these commodities can engage into contracts that fix production quotas for both suppliers and customers (next step in the supply chain). This means that whatever happens, production is set. They have to deliver a specific volume. If they can't; price may change (or a breach of contract happens and then it's more complex) Knowing your speed of production, you can tell your customers your capacities and they will put their orders. That means that you put your own orders for your raw materials. So this creates a pull effect for the cotton plantations (or polyester makers) to deliver whatever volumes they were contracted to deliver. All these fabrics are bought by clothing (or whatever biz) manufacturers that need them. Then, since H&M, Zara, and whatever fast fashion companies you prefer, like to come up with different designs every season, they create another pull effect on the whole supply chain (producers/spinners/weavers/manufacturers) to deliver. That creates a high volume of work to be done. Again... economies of scale are at play. If you know that you'll have a job for a year, you'll probably accept a slightly lower pay than taking on the risk of engaging in other types of work.. if you have that choice. Or if your circumstances don't allow you to choose, your income can be dictated by your employer (low-wage countries) So then all costs throughout the supply chain fluctuate slightly and according to just a few factors. Mainly price of energy and human labour. If you look for low skilled labour, costs will be lower, and so will be prices. Each step adds a markup obviously, where the biggest jump happens at the branding stage, which is when a garment is branded under H&M/Zara/Gucci/YSL/Diesel, etc. All because each of these houses they set their own quality standards on each of the step. Some they do try to avoid exploitation and child labour, leaving them only with [slightly] more expensive adults. Also the uniqueness of the design, the quantity of garments produced in the whole world, and brand reputation go into factor. Luxury brands sometimes act like exclusive clubs, and their price tags are membership fees, so your exorbitantly expensive Hugo Boss suit is just capitalising on your perceived value of the brand. However, there is a big difference in the quality of the raw materials used. They may use only super long, grade A fibers of cotton grown in ??? because they want that, and that only, versus cheapsy Target clothing that were made using grade C and D type of yarn, go through less stringent quality controls, so on. And that's it... It's a very complex process with lots of inputs. Like why if a freighter ship gets stuck on the Suez canal affects your prices of clothes in San Francisco. Or why if the WTI oil price goes negative your prices also move, or if there's a pandemic, leading to a worldwide shipping shortage also creates stress for your garments industry, or immigration patterns that may alter available human labour, or if plummeting birth rates alter your future expected requirements to supply the industry. Or if a genetically modified cotton plant yields better, longer fibres. Or if environmental regulations forbid the use of polyester. Or if a more efficient machine is designed. Etc, etc, etc And that's why there's a full field of study dedicated to understand and manage these higher-level things (economics, trade, finance, etc).
@@ismaelabufon1696 Yeah but still designing a machine and the factories to make the fabric is very complicated and also making clothes are very labor intensive yet workers are paid so low, it’s amazing how we can get clothes made almost perfectly with fabric being so complicated almost impossible to make without those overly complicated machines yet we can get clothes so cheaply and easily at such mass quantity
Now I want to see how they build those machines. Where do you even begin learning how to make something like that? Most people don’t even really understand how the tech we use every day actually works. I’m using the internet right now, and I don’t know how it works anymore than I understand how those machines work.
I completely agree. However, I will say this: knowing how much you don't know is the first step in true knowledge. So I'd say you're doing better than most.
Well the machines are amazing, but I think it's interesting to keep in mind weaving and dying fabric has been around for eons in every culture in every way. A lot of these machines take their cues from our ancient fabric techniques though on a mass scale, often programmed by algorithms and maintained by fine tuned programming. So fascinating.
@@yearling4my grandfather actually designed one of the most common machines today, the Tomkin. I don’t remember which model but one of the most popular
It is so amazing the way our fabrics are made. We can be so thankful for our clothes, bedding etc. When you think about it they are rather cheap. Think how they did it in the olden days. You'd be lucky to have one set of clothes.
I worked at Maines Most Known textile Company (Bates Has been around since 1850s) for @14 years. I ran the Warping /Slashing Department .It is a Long process to a Single warp.The creel can hold 324 cones of Yarn. Unless the creel is longer then 27 yards.
lol , that was David Schwimmer talking. ahaha.... anywho , that glue u spoke of, is called '' SIZE '' different types of material get a different consistency ( thin or thick ) .... the thing holding the '' rollers '' is called a CREEL ... there are several types of '' rollers '' that hold thread rolled on it, those are called BEAMS , ( solid beams get natural white, or indego material * blue jean * , beams with holes in it get died blasted with ink to get its color '' red , green, yellow , ect. the machine that orginizes the threads is called a '' SLASHER '' , some beams dont have a huge barrel, some are thinner, and get more material on it. ) at the end of the material's journey to become a lengthy sheet , that '' BEAM '' is called a WARP . congrats. now you all are educated properly. i should know, i used to work at Dan River Mills , in screen print, and in the slasher room where we made material for bed sheets, pillow cases, shirts , pants, curtains, drapes, doilies , table cloths , and jackets. and whatever cloth forms.
Machines that make clothes have been used for 2,500 odd years..back then they used a a wooden foot pedal and push it up and down and the fabric was forced forward onto a wooden wheel.. They obviously weren't as good and as powerful or quick as today's machines but people back then still managed to get by.. And they we're very creative when it came to clothes designs
There used to be handlooms. Similar to these looms the threads used to hung vertically or horizontally and the weaver used to weave weft one throughout the width. After weaving the weaver used to push or beat the thread to the fell of the cloth.
Yeah, but back in the day it was an extremely dangerous process, and they used children to weft (not sure if that's the word. The children manipulated threads in the middle of the machine to make patterns), because they were small and could fit under the machine, where the job had to be done. They had to adjust the threads while the machine was on, and any mistake could cost their fingers.
Just mentioning: I work in a textile mill and the "glue" applied to the warp yarn as it is being slashed is called "sizing" or "size." This video made me angry because of the incorrect terminology.
Did you also hear the confusion of the terms 'knit' and 'weave'? I wonder if this was written by a non-native English speaker and the "voice" was computerized or if the person just read what was written because they didn't know or care about the errors in the dialog.
Hmmm, the video went from a Staubli Delta 200 drawing-in machine with c-type healds to a jacquard loom. I bet Staubli would be very interested how they did that!
In textile terms you call them yarns, polyester yarns were used here (from the description he gave in the beginning) and these yarns are formed by spinning process where you get the filaments of polyester from polymer chips. It can can be done in three ways, 1. Melt spinning- Melt the chips and extrude filaments from a spinneret (Like a shower head) 2. Dry spinning- Dissolve chips in a chemical. while the solution comes out spinneret you blow hot air and chemical will evaporate giving you filaments. 3. Wet Spinning- Dissolve chips in a chemical. At the bottom of the assembly there will be a chemical bath where filaments will be extracted.
This is a terrible explanation of the weaving process. He constantly mixed up "warp" and "weft" and glossed over how the threads actually interlace to form fabric. And the use of the words "knitting" and "braided" at the beginning made me cringe-- those words are not at all applicable to this process.
+Rafael Serrano yes but, still it gives you wrong basics. Mistaking knitting and weaving is like saying that drinking and eating is the same. It's just wrong.
Agreed, the narrator didn't have a clue as to what he was talking about. He's just reading the script that some one handed him to read. That means whoever wrote the script didn't have a clue. Whoever went to the factory to make notes didn't understand the procedures and doesn't know the difference of weaving, braiding and knitting. All are different from each other and produce different products. This certainly was a poor explanation of how woven fabric is made.
Greg Dahlen It said that the rollers eliminate the surplus. I took it to mean that any excess glue is done away with, but there's still some left in the fabric.
Rhona 'Rho' Bennett yes, I wish they had pinned that down. So it's the glue that causes the weave to hold together, do you think? Does it seem amazing that the glue doesn't lose its strength after you launder your clothes over and over?
I’m still so amazed clothes can be so cheap and massed produced when fabric are thousands of complicated individual weaving. I have a very great appreciation for clothes and wonder why clothes can be made in such mass quantity and low prices
There are maaaany factors for that. And relationships are complex.. but from my vast ignorance/limited experience I could say:
Cotton and other fibre sources are made in huge batches all around the world, so they enter the commodity market where standards are required so they are all of comparable quality. Standardization promotes competition between sellers.
Then since most of the produce, harvesting, spinning and weaving is made by machines, the costs are mainly energy and some operation hands, which at those speeds they are there just to interact with certain processes and keep the flow of things. So most of the cost is whatever the machines cost to run. Which in case the price of energy (oil/coal/solar) is known and reliable, a cost can be estimated.
If things are highly reproducible with little errors (thanks precision engineering), then whoever is trading these commodities can engage into contracts that fix production quotas for both suppliers and customers (next step in the supply chain). This means that whatever happens, production is set. They have to deliver a specific volume. If they can't; price may change (or a breach of contract happens and then it's more complex)
Knowing your speed of production, you can tell your customers your capacities and they will put their orders.
That means that you put your own orders for your raw materials.
So this creates a pull effect for the cotton plantations (or polyester makers) to deliver whatever volumes they were contracted to deliver.
All these fabrics are bought by clothing (or whatever biz) manufacturers that need them.
Then, since H&M, Zara, and whatever fast fashion companies you prefer, like to come up with different designs every season, they create another pull effect on the whole supply chain (producers/spinners/weavers/manufacturers) to deliver.
That creates a high volume of work to be done. Again... economies of scale are at play. If you know that you'll have a job for a year, you'll probably accept a slightly lower pay than taking on the risk of engaging in other types of work.. if you have that choice.
Or if your circumstances don't allow you to choose, your income can be dictated by your employer (low-wage countries)
So then all costs throughout the supply chain fluctuate slightly and according to just a few factors. Mainly price of energy and human labour. If you look for low skilled labour, costs will be lower, and so will be prices.
Each step adds a markup obviously, where the biggest jump happens at the branding stage, which is when a garment is branded under H&M/Zara/Gucci/YSL/Diesel, etc. All because each of these houses they set their own quality standards on each of the step.
Some they do try to avoid exploitation and child labour, leaving them only with [slightly] more expensive adults.
Also the uniqueness of the design, the quantity of garments produced in the whole world, and brand reputation go into factor.
Luxury brands sometimes act like exclusive clubs, and their price tags are membership fees, so your exorbitantly expensive Hugo Boss suit is just capitalising on your perceived value of the brand.
However, there is a big difference in the quality of the raw materials used.
They may use only super long, grade A fibers of cotton grown in ??? because they want that, and that only, versus cheapsy Target clothing that were made using grade C and D type of yarn, go through less stringent quality controls, so on.
And that's it... It's a very complex process with lots of inputs. Like why if a freighter ship gets stuck on the Suez canal affects your prices of clothes in San Francisco. Or why if the WTI oil price goes negative your prices also move, or if there's a pandemic, leading to a worldwide shipping shortage also creates stress for your garments industry, or immigration patterns that may alter available human labour, or if plummeting birth rates alter your future expected requirements to supply the industry.
Or if a genetically modified cotton plant yields better, longer fibres. Or if environmental regulations forbid the use of polyester. Or if a more efficient machine is designed.
Etc, etc, etc
And that's why there's a full field of study dedicated to understand and manage these higher-level things (economics, trade, finance, etc).
@@ismaelabufon1696 Yeah but still designing a machine and the factories to make the fabric is very complicated and also making clothes are very labor intensive yet workers are paid so low, it’s amazing how we can get clothes made almost perfectly with fabric being so complicated almost impossible to make without those overly complicated machines yet we can get clothes so cheaply and easily at such mass quantity
yes!
Shoutout to the people who built these machines👌🏾🙌🏽👏🏾 I mean wow
They must have been geniuses
Yes! All our engineers & computer geniuses! We're grateful.
Engineering at its finest
Wonder if they have higher iq than Zuckerberg or Tesla
My sentiments exactly
Now I want to see how they build those machines. Where do you even begin learning how to make something like that? Most people don’t even really understand how the tech we use every day actually works. I’m using the internet right now, and I don’t know how it works anymore than I understand how those machines work.
I completely agree. However, I will say this: knowing how much you don't know is the first step in true knowledge. So I'd say you're doing better than most.
@@ya-silly-goose623 i have the same thoughts about how tf is everything made these days,
How, where materials are mined/obtained, and alot more
That was one of my first thoughts too when the video started. 😄
Who even designed the machines to do such things? 🤔🤯
Well the machines are amazing, but I think it's interesting to keep in mind weaving and dying fabric has been around for eons in every culture in every way. A lot of these machines take their cues from our ancient fabric techniques though on a mass scale, often programmed by algorithms and maintained by fine tuned programming. So fascinating.
@@yearling4my grandfather actually designed one of the most common machines today, the Tomkin. I don’t remember which model but one of the most popular
It is so amazing the way our fabrics are made. We can be so thankful for our clothes, bedding etc. When you think about it they are rather cheap. Think how they did it in the olden days. You'd be lucky to have one set of clothes.
This was fun to watch. I love sewing and was so curious to find out how fabric is made.
Tiff G same!
Tiff G ครับ
T G. Same
T G sometimes I wish I could just make the fabric instead of buying expensive ones but never mind
no such thing as fx or not
That was amazing; I didn't know that that much technology went into making fabric! I now have a much great appreciation for it!!
I worked at Maines Most Known textile Company (Bates Has been around since 1850s) for @14 years. I ran the Warping /Slashing Department .It is a Long process to a Single warp.The creel can hold 324 cones of Yarn. Unless the creel is longer then 27 yards.
is Ross from Friends the narrator?
omg I can't unsee this. all I hear is ross now LOL
came to the comments to look for this specific comment
OMG before this i couldnt here it but now WOW
I thought it was Kylo Ren
😂
What in the fuck, MY TSHIRT SHOULD BE A THOUSAND DOLLARS
i wish i could repost this somehow. you made me laugh out loud
i see what you mean, awesome technology machines!
not if a poor chinese kid makes it??
Maddi Cashwell So people be complaining about hypebeast clothing like supreme. Supreme trues prices
Never take your clothes for granted again!
Yeah
I watched this video while knitting. Now I feel ungodly slow 😂
I expected it to be complex but this was on a whole another level.
I'd hate to be the person working that day if there was a tangle. :/
***** ... I'll make it tangle.. >:/
Mercury muito podre você dizer isso. Nada a ver.
lol
They’re probably just cut it out
as a weaver I can tell you they just cut it out
Man people use to have to do this by hand it must of been absolute nightmare fuel.
Imagine designing one of those machines 😳
Incredible complexity and engineering.
Fascinating stuff.
Thank you for posting this video. Educational.
Why does this sound like Ross from Friends?
This is excellent .Thank you for posting
Thanks for posting this! I've been wondering this for a while now.
I still have no idea
lol , that was David Schwimmer talking. ahaha.... anywho , that glue u spoke of, is called '' SIZE '' different types of material get a different consistency ( thin or thick ) .... the thing holding the '' rollers '' is called a CREEL ... there are several types of '' rollers '' that hold thread rolled on it, those are called BEAMS , ( solid beams get natural white, or indego material * blue jean * , beams with holes in it get died blasted with ink to get its color '' red , green, yellow , ect. the machine that orginizes the threads is called a '' SLASHER '' , some beams dont have a huge barrel, some are thinner, and get more material on it. ) at the end of the material's journey to become a lengthy sheet , that '' BEAM '' is called a WARP . congrats. now you all are educated properly. i should know, i used to work at Dan River Mills , in screen print, and in the slasher room where we made material for bed sheets, pillow cases, shirts , pants, curtains, drapes, doilies , table cloths , and jackets. and whatever cloth forms.
amazing! just imagine how long it must have took to build that factory!
what would we do without machines!!!!!
+Nina Potato create more machines.
Kevin Farabaraharabara 👍
They’d just take longer to make stuff.
Machines that make clothes have been used for 2,500 odd years..back then they used a a wooden foot pedal and push it up and down and the fabric was forced forward onto a wooden wheel.. They obviously weren't as good and as powerful or quick as today's machines but people back then still managed to get by.. And they we're very creative when it came to clothes designs
We would finally relax again and live like men.
Nice vid
Where does all that thread come from and how is it made?
I wonder how fabric was made before machines
There used to be handlooms. Similar to these looms the threads used to hung vertically or horizontally and the weaver used to weave weft one throughout the width. After weaving the weaver used to push or beat the thread to the fell of the cloth.
Yes. I just loved it from the very first time!
Yeah, but back in the day it was an extremely dangerous process, and they used children to weft (not sure if that's the word. The children manipulated threads in the middle of the machine to make patterns), because they were small and could fit under the machine, where the job had to be done. They had to adjust the threads while the machine was on, and any mistake could cost their fingers.
Oh, so fabric can be automated. Good to know.
Excellent explanation of weft and warp.
This is really cool !!! I’m into sewing so I was just curious.
Same here.
Unbelievable 😮✨✨
That was intense!!!
i have homework to find out how fabric is made, thankyou so much for this video it really helped me !xx
Great video! Thank you for posting.
Good video! Far better than the other two I saw!
They are genius that people who invented the first machine,high.salute to you
I went on the search for this video after looking at my skirt and realizing that the cloth was made from intricately looped threads.
Damn! How's about those spools? Look at the size of those things
This was the most best Barbie commercial ever seen..
Just mentioning: I work in a textile mill and the "glue" applied to the warp yarn as it is being slashed is called "sizing" or "size." This video made me angry because of the incorrect terminology.
Same here but the others with non-textile background may not understand the term "size".
Did you also hear the confusion of the terms 'knit' and 'weave'? I wonder if this was written by a non-native English speaker and the "voice" was computerized or if the person just read what was written because they didn't know or care about the errors in the dialog.
as a weaver in a textile mill, I agree and man does sizing hurt when it gets in your wounds lol
I used to be a material handler for a awning textile company
I was googling this and instantly thought it would be a Hugbees video
this is mass production
Yes but where's the video about the engineers and designers of that machine?!
ikr
How it’s made- engineers
i am studiying bocade fabric and need to knw how it is made and what is made of
Love the music ....
Hmmm, the video went from a Staubli Delta 200 drawing-in machine with c-type healds to a jacquard loom. I bet Staubli would be very interested how they did that!
Can u make fabric by hand, I was trying to find a video on how to make homemade fabric put of embroidery thread.
you can i use a loom its pretty easy once you get the hang of it. i would use a 4 pedal loom =]
So its posible to make fabric from embroidery thread
+dosh rae im thinking of designing and making my own clothes and sell them is it possible?
Thank you so much you your information!
I'm only here cause my brain just decided it wanted to know how fabric is made for no apparent reason 😂
I just finished making a house in forest, now time to learn fabrics😂
Can I use a clip of this for stock footage? I'm trying to educate people about bed linens.
What about tafetta or pvc clothing
I need the song that plays in the background please
Now this not the right how it’s made voice 😩 I need the old old ones
B/C They already had fabrics. Yes fabric was made before the machines.
Would have liked some slo mo on the loom.
amazing!
Name me the machine which separated the different string of thread at time 1:15 minutes?
Amazing
where is this factory located?
Can we use viscose yarn instead of polyester.
So grateful
Imagine is the machine gets tangled or jammed and the poor soul who has to fix it
and to think our ancestors used to weave by a manual machine
What is the price of this machine
But when do they add the pattern
Is it works vth layers?? In Telugu(naaraa)
Thats crazy
Where can I buy this machine?
China
250k m? That is farther than San Diego to LA. Is this information correct?
hehe 14 year old video, and only a few people recognize that 250,000 meters of thread would be impossible...
So how was fabric made before machines...???
by hand
nice
What ptice of machine
But what are the threads and how do you get them?!
In textile terms you call them yarns, polyester yarns were used here (from the description he gave in the beginning) and these yarns are formed by spinning process where you get the filaments of polyester from polymer chips. It can can be done in three ways,
1. Melt spinning- Melt the chips and extrude filaments from a spinneret (Like a shower head)
2. Dry spinning- Dissolve chips in a chemical. while the solution comes out spinneret you blow hot air and chemical will evaporate giving you filaments.
3. Wet Spinning- Dissolve chips in a chemical. At the bottom of the assembly there will be a chemical bath where filaments will be extracted.
narrator sounds just like Adam Driver
Stains occur right... How do I take off th stains
Watching this in 2024❤
Wow
Still have no idea what’s going on during the weaving process…..
It so calm understanding corddry
Raw materials?
Polyester is the worst material it doesn't breath.
250km of thread on one spool?
So that's how they made it
This is a terrible explanation of the weaving process. He constantly mixed up "warp" and "weft" and glossed over how the threads actually interlace to form fabric. And the use of the words "knitting" and "braided" at the beginning made me cringe-- those words are not at all applicable to this process.
+Jesse Jordan totally this is shit
+Rafael Serrano yes but, still it gives you wrong basics. Mistaking knitting and weaving is like saying that drinking and eating is the same. It's just wrong.
Jesse Jordan คนซีหนา ครับ คนซีหนา
Agreed, the narrator didn't have a clue as to what he was talking about. He's just reading the script that some one handed him to read. That means whoever wrote the script didn't have a clue. Whoever went to the factory to make notes didn't understand the procedures and doesn't know the difference of weaving, braiding and knitting. All are different from each other and produce different products. This certainly was a poor explanation of how woven fabric is made.
I was just looking at my shirt one day
Laying on my couch. 😂
cloth allowance ha,zyra.
What happens if one of those threads Tares apart
it creates an awful wreck that has to be cut out
video presntation for my clothing class ..tnx
kewl.
still not clear how the threads hold together if you wash out the glue
You know how the end of a piece of thread will fray? The glue prevents "fraying." Once the fabric is weaved, the glue is washed out.
Joshua Riggs Thanks, Joshua, but some glue must remain, else you could wiggle your finger and work it up through the middle of the cloth?
Greg Dahlen It said that the rollers eliminate the surplus. I took it to mean that any excess glue is done away with, but there's still some left in the fabric.
Rhona 'Rho' Bennett yes, I wish they had pinned that down. So it's the glue that causes the weave to hold together, do you think? Does it seem amazing that the glue doesn't lose its strength after you launder your clothes over and over?
Rhona 'Rho' Bennett strange that I can't Google up any more information on it. You'd think it'd be all over the Web, right?
The only freaking thing I understand is soapy water...
Hi, is there anyone who have an idea from where i can buy polyester + elastane for leggings.
China
wow
Who in 2020
Did he say 30 degree water
david schwimmer?
He said kilos I thought drugzzz
Is my screen broken or is he colorblind? Those "green cylinders" are most certainly red
+Jake Collins He says large green cylinders.. so if you look at the top of the screen you can see them. Just pay more attention before criticise ;)