Lead Acid Battery Construction
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ก.ค. 2024
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This 3D animation video shows all of a lead acid battery’s components and how they are assembled to form a complete flooded lead acid battery. We look at the battery plates, separators, intercell connectors, container, electrolyte (sulphuric acid solution) and battery terminals/posts. We also discuss how the battery works.
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▶️Lead acid batteries can be of two main types, these are the flooded lead acid type and the valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) type; the electrolyte for these batteries is classed as wet and dry respectively.
The battery has:
POSTS for connecting the battery internal circuit to the external circuit.
A CONTAINER for housing the battery internals.
PLATES (anodes and cathodes) for the redox chemical reaction.
Separators for keeping the plates apart.
Intercell connectors for joining the plates.
The design of the battery and construction is discussed in greater detail in the video.
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The best explanation of lead acid battery construction I've ever heard! Thank you for this, I am doing research on how to make a lead acid battery at home. My goal is to go to a junkyard and buy old lead acid batteries and design a new openable and resealable see-through container for them for off grid applications. I want to recycle the lead at home, this is what I've figured out so far. The active material and the grid material in both plates is essentially the same thing: lead. The "sponge lead" on the negative electrode is just lead that you would melt and grind up(in an outdoor area far away from any breathing beings, and with an OSHA approved lead filtering respirator on) to make lead powder. You mix the lead powder with sulfuric acid and pure(filtered, like in a bottle you buy from a store) water, mix it up really well, then take a putty knife and press the lead-water-sulfuric acid paste into the pure lead grid. You would then run the grid with paste through a roller that compresses it(also homemade). The pure lead grid is made from recycled lead that you just melted from the battery, you have a steel grid form that you cut on a cnc machine, or you could cut one with an angle grinder and a piece of steel, albeit carefully. You pour the hot molten lead into the top of the form and viola, a lead grid! The positive plate material is lead oxide, red lead essentially, kind of like the red stuff that gets on metal, iron oxide, i.e. rust. This is more elusive, but I believe it can be made with a chemical reaction of some kind between two lead plates, i.e. the lead oxide will form if you just hook up two lead plates in some sulfuric acid and water electrolyte. You grind off the lead oxide with a knife to make lead powder, and just hook the charger back up until you get a lot of lead oxide powder, then do the same thing as the negative plate, mix the lead oxide powder with sulfuric acid and water, mix it really well, then push it with a putty knife into some more lead grids that you made(I think the same form will work for both positive and negative plates). Then run the plate with the lead oxide paste through the machine you made to compress it(push the grid through two rollers, the plate is slightly bigger than the rollers, this compresses the lead metal grid around the paste and further compresses the paste).
Now here's the really interesting part: you let the grids sit out in the sun and dry. You mixed the lead powder and the lead oxide powder with water and sulfuric acid. The acid stays, but the water evaporates. If you were to look at a map of where the atoms of the lead and water and sulfuric acid are, it looks like a "sponge". Kind of like swiss cheese, the water evaporates and leaves holes, and the sulfuric acid stays and helps with conduction when the plate is submersed in electrolyte. This is what weakens the battery, because the sulfur crystalizes and pushes the paste apart, the lead atoms loose connection with their surrounding atoms and break off and fall to the bottom. Sometimes the separator presses on the plates and prevents this from happening. The reason you woulnd't use flat plates(you actually could though) is because of the capacity, flat plates of thin lead don't have as much surface area as the paste. The paste is like swiss cheese, a winding network of caves if you were to look at it on a molecular or atomic scale. This creates a tremendous surface area and increases capacity.
If I can actually make this work, I wouldn't have to buy any more batteries. I could make them last 1-3 years(depending on use), then recycle them at home for cheap. I could also go to the junkyard and buy more and have them as backup dry cells, just pour sulfuric acid in them in case one dies. Any tips? Anybody? I need as much help as I can get. I think this might work, but I could be wrong. Anyone ever tried this technique before?
All the best 🤩🤩
The slow pace of the video really helps me.
Probably the best explanation on YT 👍
Wow, thanks!
Excellent!
Very clear explation. Thank you very much.
Thanks for the video, I've been looking for nice lessons on the internet for a Chemistry powerpoint and after many research, this video is for sure the most well made overall. I have been doing research for not only videos, but also to any type of text informations, and also I have checked other stuff, mostly the world of cells, but this one was clearly an understandable and easy to learn video. 😁
Absolutely Brilliant work. Keep it up 💙💙💙
Very informative!
Very good explanation👍👍👍👍
Great explanation video of the battery. I enjoyed learning from your video
Sir I am doing diploma it's very helpful for me
What matieral is used to hold the terminals in, red black resin or what?
Can You Please prepare the video which show the constructional difference between (Flooded, VRLA or shelled , Plant Types, etc.) ?
Hard video 😌 gd job
Hey SaVRee, Absolutly brialiant job.
Id love to have someone explain why the negative terminal of car battery is connected to ground of car (metal frame) therefore it cant make a circular path directly from positive through load back to negative. I have brief understanding of the chemical reaction taking place, but only interms of the loop being connected.
Also after making the battery they also hook it up to charge, why is that.
Anyway totally understand if the question is too broad or not understandable.
Really interesting stuff, and ill have a further look at your other videos.
I want to ask about the solution and the concentration to fill a new flooded lead acid battery.
What material is used to make separators?
Is plate only appears in odd number, so there’s no even number of plates in battery?
There has to be one more plate so the series circuit joining of a cell can be completed.
Electrons don't flow from positive to negative they flow from negative to positive and you should know that
I can not find the answer anywhere to a very basic simple question. What this world is coming to?
So I will give this gentleman a go at it. Lets see.
So you build this battery from scratch. The last thing you do is pour the electrolyte. Correct?
So are you telling me that up on pouring the electrolyte you have now a brand new fully charged battery or you still have to actually charge it or you got nothing?
You're likely going to get somewhat of a combination of both scenarios. Where the battery will show voltage but not have much current to offer. It will completely depend on the quality of your starting materials.
Let's say your constructing a 12-volt battery. You're at the point where you're putting your electrolyte in. You test the voltage of the battery and you get 12 volts as you should. But if you put something that offers a load onto it it may drop the number of volts dramatically and also not operate the object. If you were to test just the current you might find that you have 12 volts but very little current available. In order to make sure you're ready to go you are going to need to charge any fresh built battery.