What a marvelous group of honest, articulate, brilliant, hard-working people. I have often wondered what the attraction of studying obscure animals and dead chemicals could possibly be. Maybe it is simply to join such a vibrant intellectual community. I hope they leave an enduring fossil record!
Amazing how the scientists can take on the topic from so many angles. Good work! However the chair summed it up quite nicely in the end: "Darwin was mightily puzzled by the apperance of the fossils at the base of the Cambrian. And in some ways not much has changed since he wrote "On the Origin of Species"
Thank you. I learned a lot. We have come quite a way from the days of 'The Garden of Edicaria'. The chemistry argument is compelling. As is the implausibility of so much diversity in ~3MY. The old saying applies, I think: 'Absence of proof is not proof of absence.' So, as usual, we await more data.
Fantastic specialist presentations and an interesting debate at the end. Some really interesting slides that I would love to be available as pdfs to study more closely.
Molluscs and artropodes have hemocyanins not hemoglobin which does tend to support the more copper more oxygen hypothesis at least regarding size of the animals which might have been smaller in earlier periods see remark bellow
Question: do the 1580 new genes mentioned at 30:09 code for Zn-dependent proteins, as suggested by the slide at 41:43 ? Although anoxia makes it hard to breath, another result of low active oxygen, lack of Zn , makes it hard to get big, to mature, and to reproduce. So, although the problem remains complex, it seems that the evidence is converging. This was a great event. Thank you, OUMNH, for putting this whole series together.
That was brilliant! Thanks for posting. Asking these enormous questions is really difficult. Maybe someday while building a dam or a highway we will find that Lagerstatten at 530mya! .
Hmm with these types of debates suffer the oversimplification of human viewpoints the focus is all one or another thing but really in any settled field of science it is never just one thing Also it bothers me to see outdated depictions on some of these slides for instance like linking ctenophores and cnidarians as closely which is contesting that embryology and molecular biology effectively rule out such a simple viewpoint I mean the cnidarians and bilaterians share a nervous system and use of "true" Hox gene clusters and the plot based on genetics even makes it pretty clear from what I have read the large genetic increase in bilaterians is an example of polyploidy. Also worth noting that early bilaterians seem to have nerve nets not centralized brains so more like cnidarian nervous system. The Cnidarian ectoderm also exhibits the cellular classes of the mesoderm seen in triploblasts and apparently even a mesoglea intermediate layer which in some lineages exhibits muscle cells as well. So ultimately it suggests the mesoderm likely originated by differentiating the planuloid ancestors ectoderm perhaps through expansion of complexity of the mesoglia. Also one of the aforementioned group of cnidarians with muscle cells in their mesoglia are the Anthozoans which also possess a second perpendicular axis giving them an independent example of bilateral symmetry. I think I remember there having been a time where it was seriously considered that Anthozoans might be a sister group to bilaterians though that has largely fallen out of favor though noting differences in how this bilateral symmetry was developed in both groups. While published after this debate the hard Cambrian start hypothesis kind of gets killed by finding Ikaria wariootia was identified as a microfossil that is definitively bilaterian at only 7 mm at the largest this suggests strongly that size is probably a limiting factor the animals were there just too small to see without microscopes. www.pnas.org/content/117/14/7845 Adding support to this is another early Cambrian fossil Saccorhytus coronarius identified in 2017 serves as a good example as the earliest identified deuterostome around 540 Ma. At only 1.3 mm in size it fits in between grains of sand and thus took a meticulous search to find needing magnification to be properly resolved. We now have several examples of early "missing" animals having been identified as millimeter sized organisms. Would you see a fossil record for a mm sized animal? If you are looking for a large animal when all the earliest examples are mm sized. The later was a late discovery after this video the other was published in 2017 so should be known to them. It seems the evidence suggests we aren't looking small enough get those microscopes out and start searching. I bet they are out there with many being a millimeter or less in size. Size after all has changed wildly over evolutionary time among the known fossil record and extant biota. Also worth noting that there is putative evidence for spicules from Tonian age rocks suggestive of sponges being present which is right where the molecular clock suggests they should appear. There are also sponge like fossils from Marinoan cap carbonate reefs that are potentially sponges. Both are certainly disputable as is the molecular fingerprint but it seems to weigh more strongly in agreement with the molecular clock estimates. It is also worth noting that early in 2021 a serendipitous discovery of sponges living beneath the Antarctic ice sheet at the mouth of a glacier was discovered by accident when trying to take a core sample. The area is a place where the strong glacial currents coming off the glacier above prevent sediment from rapidly building up plus other discoveries have revealed sessile normally benthic organisms living on the underside surface of the ice shelf itself given other signs of algal life within glacial melt water cracks and pools and even glacier dwelling annelid worms(only mountain glaciers I think) so there is at the very least modern organisms capable of living in a frozen glacial environment suggesting that the ice sheets themselves could have provided a suitable habitat for metazoans. Of course we will never know since TDLR They were around just too tiny to be seen without a microscope the fossils were there all along just so small they were missed. I wonder how many microfossils have been missed because the organism is the same size as the grains of sediment? It is a very literal needle in the haystack problem.
Thanks for your remark But for me not a geologist this was an eye opener. Interstingly molluscs and artropodes have hemocyanins not hemoglobin which does tend to support the more copper more oxygen hypothesis at least regarding size of the animals which might have been smaller in earlier periods What do you think
All the putative sponge evidence in the Precambrian has been debunked or are unconvincing. The only potential sponge I would say is Thectardis based on sponge pump character which I believe requires further testing whether it can be reliable to differentiate it from other non-poriferan fossils
Does the Royal Society have an Evo2.0 OOL $10M prize ? Did anybody claim it yet? Or better said, was anybody awarded that prize yet? What would it take for that to happen? How soon should we expect it to happen? Would they have a ceremony like the famous Stockholm award? Who are the most likely candidate to receive it? Thanks.
The viewers may be interested in a model I have published for the emergence of siphonophores during evolution. The zooids would have emerged during the Late-Proterozoic Snowball Earths, when they would have lived on heat (not food nor light!): i.e., while the oceans were covered by ice the zooids would have lived on primary production based on the thermal gradients above submarine hydrothermal vents. Higher animals would have descended from the siphonophores after the Snowball Earths ended and the colonies could live on food resulting from primary production by the reemerged sunlight. 1. ISSOL 2008 conference. Poster: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33734.01609 2. June 2009 Publication Animal emergence during Snowball Earths by thermosynthesis in submarine hydrothermal vents Nature Precedings 4 DOI: 10.1038/npre.2009.3333.2 3. February 2012 Book chapter Life Explained by Heat Engines
As the glaciers formed, it would not take much time for minerals to appear in the oceans. It's my supposition, that minerals or ions if you will, were accumulating as the Cyrogenian was running it's course. If these ions were important for the diversity of life, this material could have been available early on (perhaps as early as 700 million years ago.) Meaning that the diversity of life began to happen earlier than most people realize. I can easily imagine life slowly but surely developing into more complex forms as the novel ions were incorporated into the biota along with rising oxygen levels. Since the overall population numbers would be quite small, fossil preservation would be questionable and uncertain. This may explain the dearth of fossils from this very early period. In any event, an early start may solve the vexing problem as to how the lineages evolved. The big bang doesn't sound reasonable to me, but an early start of diversification with the benefit of time would seem to be more logical.
Life's job is to take advantage of any opportunity. If there was some kind of tipping-point mechanism which provided a change in the availability of oxygen, a powerful chemical which opens new energy use potential, why should the Cambrian explosion NOT have been very rapid development? "Only three million years" he says; but if archaeologists from a billion years in the future were looking at the changes in our own era - in only 10,000 years we went from the invention of farming to the industrial revolution; from there to the development of spaceflight with three or four launches every week took less than 200 years. I suspect they will take this as proof that there must have been intervention by aliens - it's too quick for any other explanation.
The rule that always works in all relationships throughout the ages. In this short video we consider a story that happened in a very interesting time - in times of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth I, whose exceptional reign has been called The Golden Age of England: th-cam.com/video/VgD-o6GMv90/w-d-xo.html
How? The creator thought and thought until he/she/it came up with new sequences of nucleotide bases for new kinds of animals and then popped them into existence.
And then he designed cancer in babies to take all the happiness from the parents. Klinefelter's syndrome to confuse male/female distinction? Elephant syndrome or Proteus syndrome so he could laugh while spreading unimaginable suffering? Did he also unintelligently design the female birth canal so millions of babies would have to die.... before humans using medical science to come up with a procedure like the c section? Did Jesus design Crohn's disease because he loves misery and diarrhea?!? Interesting...I assume your preferred version of invisible supernatural superbeeing aka "Creator" is a stinking EVIL entity or....he is an apprentice designer that constantly messes up and his magic only allows him to ONLY use DNA and RNA to design life ...did he also design the sexual behavior of Ducks that often rap.e the female duck causing death???
And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. Genesis 1:24,25
Could you please take your religious mumbo jumbo into a church and stop spreading propaganda for your preferred version of invisible supernatural superbeeing? Thanks.
@@Raydensheraj How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! Romans 10:14-16
@@stephenpeppin5537 I can quote too; 10 And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children. 11 And this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man. 12 And they found among the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead four hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan. Judges 21 - genocide and trafficking
@@williamchamberlain2263 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. John 3:16,17 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid. For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. Romans 9:14-15 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it. Isaiah 55:8-11
All geoscientist and paleontologists deny ancient books as the Mahabharata from India and the Popol Vuh from the Maya and others that tell us that the earth is suffering from a cycle of natural disasters. These disasters are causing a huge tidal wave, floods, earthquakes, volcano eruptions and a bombardment of fiery meteors. At the end a large part of the earth is covered with a thick layer of mud. In that layer we find the remains of land and sea creatures. Many animals become extinct, mankind hardly survives. At the end of the disasters, blocks of ice, as great as mountains, fall back on the earth. As a result, the earth is cooling rapidly and the sea level is dropping. The nature of the Earth is not developing in a straight line. There have been hundreds of floods, similar to Noah's Flood and worse. Every layer of the earth stands for one disaster. These disasters create a cycle of civilizations. One of these civilizations is, near the end of their existence, higher developed than our civilization today. They vanished 20,000 years ago because of the next recurring, thus predictable, disaster. The only possible cause of such a cycle can be the ninth planet of our solar system that approaches the sun and its planets every few thousand years because of its eccentric orbit.. To learn much more about recurring floods, the cycle of civilizations and its timeline and ancient high tech, read the e-book:"Planet 9 = Nibiru" You can read it nicely on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Just search for: invisible nibiru 9
Knowing the Mahabharata quite well i can not confirm your claim of that "thick mud layer" you are talking about. But i can tell you that the earth's shape is very different from what the Mhabharata claims it to be. You might consider to understand that ancient people didn't know much and that myth and reality always conflict for some reason.
@@hans-joachimbierwirth4727 The Mahabharata tells of the cycle of seven world periods separated by a natural disaster. The layer of mud is beneath your feet. Dozens of layers on top of each other that have hardened, as we can see in the Grand Canyon and around the world.
@@williamchamberlain2263 Thanks to geologists, we think that all living things on our planet have the most to fear from an asteroid impact or volcano erruption. But when we look at the many horizontal layers that we find everywhere on our planet, we clearly see the effect of a repeating cataclysm.
The theory is alive and vibrant, supported by all disciplines, including those not extant in Darwin's time. Details are discussed and debated all the time.
@@coachhannah2403 The "theory" is kept alive vibrantly by only those who wish to believe it for their own benefits or agendas. And if the "theory" was so sound, there wouldn't be so many debates regarding it. It's really a hypothesis based on sketchy evidence and shaky foundation.
@@ILikeMyYT123 - Hahahahahahahaha! Gotta love people who had one biology class, in High School, and think they are experts in the Biological Sciences because political charlatans lied to them to get their vote.
When I hear someone lecturing about evolution, I pity him/her until I hear the word science used as the method used for such imaginary narrative; I then disrespect that person and consider him to be a LIAR, for indeed it is more of guess work than science. Glory be to Allah, The Almighty Creator of all that is.
Well, it seems to me, that is really what you (and others like you) do. Fortunately our understanding does not depend on you. And as far as i am concerned you may think whatever you like. I mean, it is your own understanding that depends on your decisions, and you have to live with it.
I have a daughter like you but ultraorthodox jew . You have to blind yourself to loads of evidence The sad thing is that people like you or my daughter increase in number you choose to be ignorant very sad....
![เปิดคำทำนาย นอสตราดามุส - บาบา วานก้า ปี 2025 คนทั่วโลกต้องเจออะไรบ้าง? | แฉ 11 ธ.ค. 67 [2/3] |GMM25](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/xmTIKWJUMPM/mqdefault.jpg)
What a marvelous group of honest, articulate, brilliant, hard-working people. I have often wondered what the attraction of studying obscure animals and dead chemicals could possibly be. Maybe it is simply to join such a vibrant intellectual community. I hope they leave an enduring fossil record!
This is scholarly conversation at its best. Absolutely profundly enjoyable. Thank you for sharing it.
Being somewhat of a blockhead, I am still trying to grasp the concept that we evolved from a five eyed bug.
i was sleeping and left my computer open when i came back i found my cat watching this video
Amazing how the scientists can take on the topic from so many angles. Good work! However the chair summed it up quite nicely in the end: "Darwin was mightily puzzled by the apperance of the fossils at the base of the Cambrian. And in some ways not much has changed since he wrote "On the Origin of Species"
Thank you. I learned a lot. We have come quite a way from the days of 'The Garden of Edicaria'. The chemistry argument is compelling. As is the implausibility of so much diversity in ~3MY. The old saying applies, I think: 'Absence of proof is not proof of absence.' So, as usual, we await more data.
Kimberella is also an ediacaran bilaterian.
Enjoyed this very much -
Fantastic specialist presentations and an interesting debate at the end. Some really interesting slides that I would love to be available as pdfs to study more closely.
The cambrian period was an interesting time period to learn about. My favorite animal from the cambrian is the pikaia one of the oldest chordates.
Congratulations for the wonderful debate!!! Thanks for sharing!
Good to know this subject is still alive and kicking and not a dry piece of data as often found in a standard text book.
Molluscs and artropodes have hemocyanins not hemoglobin which does tend to support the more copper more oxygen hypothesis at least regarding size of the animals which might have been smaller in earlier periods see remark bellow
Damn. I was hoping that after each of the four scholars had made their individual presentations, they would have a four-way WWF smackdown.
Thank you for uploading this wonderful discussion on early life. More please.
This was less a debate than a presentation.
Well done! Sound perfect. Editing perfect. It's a pleasure to watch. Top topic too
Question: do the 1580 new genes mentioned at 30:09 code for Zn-dependent proteins, as suggested by the slide at 41:43 ? Although anoxia makes it hard to breath, another result of low active oxygen, lack of Zn , makes it hard to get big, to mature, and to reproduce. So, although the problem remains complex, it seems that the evidence is converging. This was a great event. Thank you, OUMNH, for putting this whole series together.
Still relevant. Thank you for making this public.
That was brilliant! Thanks for posting. Asking these enormous questions is really difficult. Maybe someday while building a dam or a highway we will find that Lagerstatten at 530mya! .
Not impossible😉
Very interesting presentations.
Hmm with these types of debates suffer the oversimplification of human viewpoints the focus is all one or another thing but really in any settled field of science it is never just one thing
Also it bothers me to see outdated depictions on some of these slides for instance like linking ctenophores and cnidarians as closely which is contesting that embryology and molecular biology effectively rule out such a simple viewpoint I mean the cnidarians and bilaterians share a nervous system and use of "true" Hox gene clusters and the plot based on genetics even makes it pretty clear from what I have read the large genetic increase in bilaterians is an example of polyploidy. Also worth noting that early bilaterians seem to have nerve nets not centralized brains so more like cnidarian nervous system. The Cnidarian ectoderm also exhibits the cellular classes of the mesoderm seen in triploblasts and apparently even a mesoglea intermediate layer which in some lineages exhibits muscle cells as well. So ultimately it suggests the mesoderm likely originated by differentiating the planuloid ancestors ectoderm perhaps through expansion of complexity of the mesoglia.
Also one of the aforementioned group of cnidarians with muscle cells in their mesoglia are the Anthozoans which also possess a second perpendicular axis giving them an independent example of bilateral symmetry. I think I remember there having been a time where it was seriously considered that Anthozoans might be a sister group to bilaterians though that has largely fallen out of favor though noting differences in how this bilateral symmetry was developed in both groups.
While published after this debate the hard Cambrian start hypothesis kind of gets killed by finding Ikaria wariootia was identified as a microfossil that is definitively bilaterian at only 7 mm at the largest this suggests strongly that size is probably a limiting factor the animals were there just too small to see without microscopes.
www.pnas.org/content/117/14/7845
Adding support to this is another early Cambrian fossil Saccorhytus coronarius identified in 2017 serves as a good example as the earliest identified deuterostome around 540 Ma. At only 1.3 mm in size it fits in between grains of sand and thus took a meticulous search to find needing magnification to be properly resolved.
We now have several examples of early "missing" animals having been identified as millimeter sized organisms. Would you see a fossil record for a mm sized animal? If you are looking for a large animal when all the earliest examples are mm sized. The later was a late discovery after this video the other was published in 2017 so should be known to them.
It seems the evidence suggests we aren't looking small enough get those microscopes out and start searching. I bet they are out there with many being a millimeter or less in size. Size after all has changed wildly over evolutionary time among the known fossil record and extant biota.
Also worth noting that there is putative evidence for spicules from Tonian age rocks suggestive of sponges being present which is right where the molecular clock suggests they should appear. There are also sponge like fossils from Marinoan cap carbonate reefs that are potentially sponges. Both are certainly disputable as is the molecular fingerprint but it seems to weigh more strongly in agreement with the molecular clock estimates. It is also worth noting that early in 2021 a serendipitous discovery of sponges living beneath the Antarctic ice sheet at the mouth of a glacier was discovered by accident when trying to take a core sample. The area is a place where the strong glacial currents coming off the glacier above prevent sediment from rapidly building up plus other discoveries have revealed sessile normally benthic organisms living on the underside surface of the ice shelf itself given other signs of algal life within glacial melt water cracks and pools and even glacier dwelling annelid worms(only mountain glaciers I think) so there is at the very least modern organisms capable of living in a frozen glacial environment suggesting that the ice sheets themselves could have provided a suitable habitat for metazoans. Of course we will never know since
TDLR They were around just too tiny to be seen without a microscope the fossils were there all along just so small they were missed. I wonder how many microfossils have been missed because the organism is the same size as the grains of sediment? It is a very literal needle in the haystack problem.
Thanks for your remark
But for me not a geologist this was an eye opener.
Interstingly molluscs and artropodes have hemocyanins not hemoglobin which does tend to support the more copper more oxygen hypothesis at least regarding size of the animals which might have been smaller in earlier periods
What do you think
oh thank you for the specific names of the microfossil species!
All the putative sponge evidence in the Precambrian has been debunked or are unconvincing. The only potential sponge I would say is Thectardis based on sponge pump character which I believe requires further testing whether it can be reliable to differentiate it from other non-poriferan fossils
This is interesting, but i see no debate. All of them agree with each other.
Marvelous!
Does the Royal Society have an Evo2.0 OOL $10M prize ? Did anybody claim it yet? Or better said, was anybody awarded that prize yet? What would it take for that to happen? How soon should we expect it to happen? Would they have a ceremony like the famous Stockholm award? Who are the most likely candidate to receive it? Thanks.
What would it be awarded for, precisely?
SHUT THE FUCK UP
Fantastic presentation but I'm still not sure😢
The viewers may be interested in a model I have published for the emergence of siphonophores during evolution. The zooids would have emerged during the Late-Proterozoic Snowball Earths, when they would have lived on heat (not food nor light!): i.e., while the oceans were covered by ice the zooids would have lived on primary production based on the thermal gradients above submarine hydrothermal vents. Higher animals would have descended from the siphonophores after the Snowball Earths ended and the colonies could live on food resulting from primary production by the reemerged sunlight.
1. ISSOL 2008 conference. Poster: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33734.01609
2. June 2009 Publication Animal emergence during Snowball Earths by thermosynthesis in submarine hydrothermal vents Nature Precedings 4 DOI: 10.1038/npre.2009.3333.2
3. February 2012 Book chapter Life Explained by Heat Engines
As the glaciers formed, it would not take much time for minerals to appear in the oceans. It's my supposition, that minerals or ions if you will, were accumulating as the Cyrogenian was running it's course. If these ions were important for the diversity of life, this material could have been available early on (perhaps as early as 700 million years ago.) Meaning that the diversity of life began to happen earlier than most people realize. I can easily imagine life slowly but surely developing into more complex forms as the novel ions were incorporated into the biota along with rising oxygen levels. Since the overall population numbers would be quite small, fossil preservation would be questionable and uncertain. This may explain the dearth of fossils from this very early period. In any event, an early start may solve the vexing problem as to how the lineages evolved. The big bang doesn't sound reasonable to me, but an early start of diversification with the benefit of time would seem to be more logical.
Life's job is to take advantage of any opportunity. If there was some kind of tipping-point mechanism which provided a change in the availability of oxygen, a powerful chemical which opens new energy use potential, why should the Cambrian explosion NOT have been very rapid development? "Only three million years" he says; but if archaeologists from a billion years in the future were looking at the changes in our own era - in only 10,000 years we went from the invention of farming to the industrial revolution; from there to the development of spaceflight with three or four launches every week took less than 200 years. I suspect they will take this as proof that there must have been intervention by aliens - it's too quick for any other explanation.
Does Ikaria wariootia not count?
Only the "how" question was not answered.
I wonder if it's the evolution of fossilisability rather than of animals themselves.
👍👍👍
Is the forth speaker saying iron or ion?
i'on ;-)
When did evolution evolve?
3
Since when were scientific issues settled by "debate"?
{:-:-:}
A lot of "suggestions" and trawling over old facts ...
The rule that always works in all relationships throughout the ages. In this short video we consider a story that happened in a very interesting time - in times of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth I, whose exceptional reign has been called The Golden Age of England: th-cam.com/video/VgD-o6GMv90/w-d-xo.html
Cannot understand this speaker
How? The creator thought and thought until he/she/it came up with new sequences of nucleotide bases for new kinds of animals and then popped them into existence.
And then he designed cancer in babies to take all the happiness from the parents. Klinefelter's syndrome to confuse male/female distinction? Elephant syndrome or Proteus syndrome so he could laugh while spreading unimaginable suffering? Did he also unintelligently design the female birth canal so millions of babies would have to die.... before humans using medical science to come up with a procedure like the c section?
Did Jesus design Crohn's disease because he loves misery and diarrhea?!?
Interesting...I assume your preferred version of invisible supernatural superbeeing aka "Creator" is a stinking EVIL entity or....he is an apprentice designer that constantly messes up and his magic only allows him to ONLY use DNA and RNA to design life ...did he also design the sexual behavior of Ducks that often rap.e the female duck causing death???
What - and then retired?
And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. Genesis 1:24,25
Could you please take your religious mumbo jumbo into a church and stop spreading propaganda for your preferred version of invisible supernatural superbeeing?
Thanks.
@@Raydensheraj How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! Romans 10:14-16
@@stephenpeppin5537 I can quote too;
10 And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children.
11 And this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man.
12 And they found among the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead four hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
Judges 21 - genocide and trafficking
@@williamchamberlain2263 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. John 3:16,17
What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid. For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. Romans 9:14-15
For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it. Isaiah 55:8-11
@@williamchamberlain2263 Dont blame God for the evil men do....he gave free will
All geoscientist and paleontologists deny ancient books as the Mahabharata from India and the Popol Vuh from the Maya and others that tell us that the earth is suffering from a cycle of natural disasters. These disasters are causing a huge tidal wave, floods, earthquakes, volcano eruptions and a bombardment of fiery meteors. At the end a large part of the earth is covered with a thick layer of mud. In that layer we find the remains of land and sea creatures. Many animals become extinct, mankind hardly survives. At the end of the disasters, blocks of ice, as great as mountains, fall back on the earth. As a result, the earth is cooling rapidly and the sea level is dropping. The nature of the Earth is not developing in a straight line. There have been hundreds of floods, similar to Noah's Flood and worse. Every layer of the earth stands for one disaster. These disasters create a cycle of civilizations. One of these civilizations is, near the end of their existence, higher developed than our civilization today. They vanished 20,000 years ago because of the next recurring, thus predictable, disaster. The only possible cause of such a cycle can be the ninth planet of our solar system that approaches the sun and its planets every few thousand years because of its eccentric orbit.. To learn much more about recurring floods, the cycle of civilizations and its timeline and ancient high tech, read the e-book:"Planet 9 = Nibiru" You can read it nicely on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Just search for: invisible nibiru 9
Knowing the Mahabharata quite well i can not confirm your claim of that "thick mud layer" you are talking about. But i can tell you that the earth's shape is very different from what the Mhabharata claims it to be. You might consider to understand that ancient people didn't know much and that myth and reality always conflict for some reason.
@@hans-joachimbierwirth4727 The Mahabharata tells of the cycle of seven world periods separated by a natural disaster. The layer of mud is beneath your feet. Dozens of layers on top of each other that have hardened, as we can see in the Grand Canyon and around the world.
@@nibiruresearch did your books mention volcanic eruptions like the Deccan Traps, and the ice ages?
@@williamchamberlain2263 Thanks to geologists, we think that all living things on our planet have the most to fear from an asteroid impact or volcano erruption. But when we look at the many horizontal layers that we find everywhere on our planet, we clearly see the effect of a repeating cataclysm.
@@nibiruresearch no volcanoes in the books then. Gotcha.
The validity of Darwin's theory of evolution is still highly debatable, at best, period.
What did he get wrong?
The theory is alive and vibrant, supported by all disciplines, including those not extant in Darwin's time.
Details are discussed and debated all the time.
darwin's theory is now one of the 4 principles that make foundation of modern biology.
its not debatable at all, except very detailed things about it
@@coachhannah2403 The "theory" is kept alive vibrantly by only those who wish to believe it for their own benefits or agendas. And if the "theory" was so sound, there wouldn't be so many debates regarding it. It's really a hypothesis based on sketchy evidence and shaky foundation.
@@ILikeMyYT123 - Hahahahahahahaha!
Gotta love people who had one biology class, in High School, and think they are experts in the Biological Sciences because political charlatans lied to them to get their vote.
When I hear someone lecturing about evolution, I pity him/her until I hear the word science used as the method used for such imaginary narrative; I then disrespect that person and consider him to be a LIAR, for indeed it is more of guess work than science.
Glory be to Allah, The Almighty Creator of all that is.
Well, it seems to me, that is really what you (and others like you) do.
Fortunately our understanding does not depend on you.
And as far as i am concerned you may think whatever you like.
I mean, it is your own understanding that depends on your decisions, and you have to live with it.
@@hans-joachimbierwirth4727 Bla.. Bla.. Bla.. OK, whatever!
@@HatRSol Go away and lock yourself in a library.
@@mcmanustony OK professor Fart!
I have a daughter like you but ultraorthodox jew . You have to blind yourself to loads of evidence
The sad thing is that people like you or my daughter increase in number you choose to be ignorant very sad....