Complete beginner's guide to using a breadboard
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 เม.ย. 2024
- Support the channel: / moritzklein
Since I got quite a few messages from people that had trouble figuring out how to use their breadboards properly, I decided to go back to basics and do a video on the topic. In it, I try to cover every piece of information you need: from identifying & handling components, understanding the breadboard’s internals to reading schematics and then setting up your first simple circuits.
If you want to follow along, here’s a bill of materials:
1x breadbord (full size, 830 tie points)
2x 9V battery
2x 9V battery clip
1x set of jumpers
2x alligator clip cable
1x 6.35mm OR 3.5mm audio socket
1x multimeter (optional)
1x TL074 quad op amp
a few LEDs
1x 1uF foil capacitor
3x 100k resistor
1x 10k resistor
2x 1k resistor
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:39 Components & Tools Overview
06:07 Simple LED Circuit
10:38 Simple Inverter Circuit
14:40 Simple Low Frequency Oscillator
17:24 Simple Audible Oscillator
20:36 Outro - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
why was this reuploaded? 😄
decided to get rid of the obnoxious breathing noises!
@@MoritzKlein0 ah, that makes a lot of sense
@@MoritzKlein0 Your videos are absolutely worth hearing someone breathe. You're a far cry from Darth Vader 😝
That said, I have noticed some of your videos have distinct breathing while wearing headphones. I would guess it's because your camera is very close to your face to get the kinds of "point of view" hand shots you do. The least annoying way to fix this is to get an external microphone if your camera supports it. Just a cheap dynamic lapel mic with a small foam wind filter will do a lot to cut out breath sounds, as it's far more directional than the "one size fits all" mics most cameras have built in. Most will record that mic directly with the video so you don't have to fuss with editing or try to sync up an external mic.
Your videos have been so helpful for me, I hope this helps you!
@@MoritzKlein0 the amount of inhales and lips smacking that gets in the mic is ridiculous, never hear them in real life
@@MoritzKlein0 I hate it when people breathe ;) But seriously, great video. Is there a way we can make one-off donations on Patreon?
DO NOT attach the battery to the strap until the other ends are in the breadboard already - it's not bad with 9v, but if those exposed ends touch, it can cause sparks and damage the battery. If you don't realize it's happening, a battery can catch fire in your hand. Similarly when you're wiring up ICs - do the power LAST. In the video you did it first, AND you had the battery connected. So that amp sat there powered up for a long time with no indication that it's happy. If everything else is connected, then you power up, you'll be able to see if things are working right and disconnect the battery quickly if they aren't. DO NOT wire up breadboards with the power connected, always power up after you've finished the wiring. With low DC voltages, you can get complacent about this and end up shocking yourself or starting fires when you work with higher powered stuff. DON'T get into the habit of working with live circuits.
this should be higher up or even PINNED
This channel is a gem. Please don’t stop uploading vids. Cheers from Argentina
hmm ☹️ like afroman
7:32 Wow, this must have taken some time to draw it. I like your determination!
drawing all those tiny squares was actually really relaxing
I love the drawings. Somehow it means a lot to me that they are so pretty:)
@@larsenmb me too! they are great :))
Can we just appreciate the amount of time he puts into his illustrations
6:38 THANK YOU FOR SAYING THIS! The most challenging part of getting into DIY electronics is that circuits are laid out wildly different than you learn them in school. I spent the first few years (and still occasionally do) wondering how the hell I was looking at a closed circuit, and then you throw in AC circuits and it gets even more confusing. So much information is implied, and I'm still learning what that stuff is, thank you for including it in this video!
You know I'm watching every your video and I forgot to say that I like your hand-drawn graphics a lot. This bread board basics picture looks like an illustration for a good printed book. The other illustrations are great as well. It makes a feeling of some good old 1950s electronics book or something like that. I like such books a lot. retrofuturistic design
I love this because many people (ME!) might be too afraid to ask about this basic knowledge. There's a lot of assumptions that everyone knows this stuff already. You have a great way of explaining WHY some of these electronics work, which gives me a better understanding how to use the tools to do what I want them to do! Thanks!
Very good for beginners, but with one exception. You are connecting signal leads while the chip is powered! Fine for an experienced engineer who is careful and knows what he's doing. But for a beginner, much better to disconnect the power (batteries) until after the rest of the circuit is wired and checked. A mistake in wiring while power is on could result in burning out a component.
This channel is so cool, as an electronic engineer who has done countless tests on boards, love the aesthetical presentation of electronics
Greetings from Glasgow. I haven't actually used bread boards since my college days back in 1991. I needed to watch this video. And I'm glad I did. Thanks for making it. It's amazing what information brain cells retain, when I thought it was gone forever.
I rarely sit through a 20 min video. You did a great job. Thanks.
Up most respect mate. With quality over quantity in mind your channel is going to be a great contribution for many people getting into electronics and synths. Looking forward to more videos from you, cheers
utmost
I was always searching for a channel like this! Please continue this series thank you!
Nice... just what i needed! Now to try it out!
Your channel is Gold. Keep uploading, I'm learning so much stuff thanks to you
just bought the Om synth lab from Bastl and your video/channel is a super important ressource for me starting from scratch, thanks for your channel !
Please keep posting new videos around circuit design and synth DIY
I am really enjoying your explanations, thanks !
YAYY! it's finally here! Thank you for all your continued hard work Moritz!
I've come across many channels trying to explain how electronic's work but none are as clear as this one. All explained in an easy to follow manner. Thanks.
Awesome, you have a great way of explaining things simply that others often skip over or make very convoluted. Keep going!
great content , new subscriber ,love from Bangladesh , please continue creating basic electronics tutorials like this where you don't assume the viewer knows the jargon and technical stuffs.Tutorials which shows what do to do with those different components and why various abstract less tangible things are useful are more helpful and intutive rather than tutorials like this is a diode , this is an inductor , this is a 555 timer etc etc.
This is golden. Thank you for this wonderful channel.
A very useful primer to start using breadboards, thanks.
Thank you so much! I was stuck after unsuccessfully trying to make your sawtooth oscillator and this project allowed me to locate what had gone wrong. Of all things, it was... the breadboard. Only half of it is operational, it seems. I am looking forward to trying your more advanced circuits once again! Keep up the good work!
Very well explained. Loved it, should be easily followed by anyone.
Top notch explanation, much obliged.
You rock, thank you for making those videos. Helps me a lot
Love this videos man, they help a lot. Keep up the sick work
Great content! Looking forward to more from you!
Must say you are great in explaining all these things.
Good vid, man! Thanks for calling out the potential for split power rails. Back when I was first learning to use breadboards, I didn't know this, and happened to purchase 2 breadboards that had this split rail. It took forever to figure out why I could only use half the breadboard at a time! 😅😳🤦♂️
I love your videos, gives me motivation to learn electrical engineering!
I love the aesthetic!
This is exactly what I needed! Thanks!
My first lesson for bread board, got it and thank you
As always: formidable!
You have such a gift for explanation! Greetings from Johannesburg :)
Great video, really good explanation
great video, a little reminder that some breadboard have their power rails split in half, and you need to insert a little jumper to power all the rail.
That information is included in the video.
@@antegulin9050 now that you mention it, I found where he says that. and the tip about the red/blue line being an indicator if they are separated it's very usefull.
what an incredible channel.
Very nicely done.
Excellent. Thanks man 🤙
This is so good 🤩
thank you for doing this. You are on fire
This guy is a Legend, thx 🤗
Nice done - thanks!
super useful! thank you
Good vid.
I absolutely love you for this! I have wanted to build an design a synth for a while and have a few books (Make: Electronics, Make: More Electronics, Make: Analog Synthesizers and several others, but am open to any suggestions), bit am still awaiting my compliments for my first projects
Great Job Boss!
No ambiguity
Awesome! Thanks a bunch!
VERY GOOD INFO THANKS....
Excellent. Thanks.
So nice thanks
Excellent.beyond me but learning
I cant believe thus only has 42k views
Good video
Thanks
Hey Moritz, I'm also coming from Germany. Is there a 'Starter Kit' you could recommend? Because I think it's maybe a bit cheaper then buying everything separately. Found you yesterday and immediately started binge watching your videos. Keep it up. :)
hey philipp, unfortunately not - at least nothing synth-specific. but i‘m currently planning to set up my own webshop where i want to sell exactly this kind of kit (breadboard, batteries, components, PCBs etc).
7:46 you drew that with hand? that is a lot of work, kudus to Mortiz.
yeah, that one took a while
please making more basics like this if I found anything more like this basics video I promise I will give 10 subs in 1 day from me
Can you make more like this? with like a progression to more and more complicated circuts and concepts?
Cool video :)
So +- voltage is basically 2 batteries in series and can do the same thing by tapping the middle of 2 aa batteries stacked on each other?
that thumbnail omg
Fantastic video! Just wondering about the audio jack output... why do you need a "10K/1K voltage divider"? How does that make it line level? I've seen some audio sockets (for like, an Atari Punk Console) that have a 10uF capacitor and a resistor attached (instead of the voltage divider). Does this serve a similar purpose?
the capacitor/resistor combination is AC coupling the signal (centering the waveform around 0V). the oscillator in this video is producing an already-centered signal, so that isn't necessary.
the voltage divider is just shrinking the voltage swing down. the oscillator will produce a signal that's very loud (going from -9 to +9 V). the 10k/1k voltage divider will quiet that down to +/-800mV (which is about consumer-grade line level)!
@@MoritzKlein0 Makes perfect sense! Also, I started going through your other videos and found you'd already explained that here: th-cam.com/video/QBatvo8bCa4/w-d-xo.html . Such good stuff, I'm so hyped to make some noise - thank you!
Just fried my SM47. I'll try this again later.
Hey man, you are helping me to build my own fuxking synth and its crazy! Went even more far to think about mining and extracting minerals in order to build the components myself to make a DIY DIY synth hahahah but i think i will stick to my local electronics shop.
But anyways, thanks for making those vids!!! I highly appreciate them.
Much love from Spain 🥰
This video is just what I needed. One thing that kind of puzzled me was how you hooked up two batteries. Could you just use jumpers to the other rails? Or is that bad?
Wait...what multimeter measures "the amount of current flowing"?
PSA: be really carful with batteries as well, and never put batteries of different brands or different charge levels(check voltage with multimeter)in series. Also, make sure the wrapper isn’t scratched, so as to not accidentally short it. I have had a NiMH battery explode on me and burn my skin, I was pretty lucky it didn’t hit my eye. I don’t think alkaline batteries can explode, but they are technically sealed pressurized vessels, so be careful.
Does this man actually draw the entire breadboard by hand??!?!
I'm embarrassed by the fact that my brain was like "Oh that works like redstone logic in minecraft".
No no no redstone works like this. Who would of thought I was learning electrical concepts 10 years ago from a computer game.
Would I be able to take apart an old bluetooth speaker and integrate it into my breadboard to make a mini alarm system. Have a IR/movement sensor on my breadboard and have it transmit a tone to my bluetooth speaker?
This is a great video on breadboards. Thank you for recording it.
I am fairly new to electronics and have two questions on one part of the video:
1. At 12:12 you use the terms neutral, ground and negative sort of interchangeably. Are they truly all the same thing? This has always confused me.
2. You then add a second battery (in series with the first and doubling the voltage) in order to connect its negative terminal to the upper rail. You say you do this so you have a 2nd negative rail for the upper section. If that was the only purpose for the second battery, couldn’t you have simply used a jumper from the lower negative rail to create the upper negative rail? Or, was there some other purpose for the second battery?
1. using neutral and ground to mean the same thing (or using the term neutral at all for that matter) is pretty unusual in this context. typically you'll hear the term neutral to refer to the return or negative pin on your wall socket (which eventually connects to "safety" ground in your breaker box). I don't believe he uses negative interchangeably here?
2. You have to understand that all voltages are relative. The 9v battery in isolation has a positive terminal and a negative terminal because that is the measure of energy a positive coloumb of charge must expend going from the negative to the positive terminal. Think of it like a flight of stairs. You expend the same amount of energy climbing a flight of stairs regardless of whether you start on ground floor or the 30th floor. We've already labeled the first batteries negative terminal ground, which is to say this is our 0v reference from which all other voltages are measured implicitly. So in our flight of stairs analogy, we've added the first battery and called its negative terminal "ground". In other words we've decided that the bottom of that flight of stairs is ground floor (regardless of whether it happens to be floating in air!). Now when we add the second batteries positive terminal to ground, it's like we've built a new lower flight of stairs below our arbitrarily chosen ground floor. We have a basement now. We connect the negative terminal of the second battery to the other rail labeled "negative" so that we can connect other circuit elements to it. Hope that helped.
new sub will checkout a few of your videos to learn more thanks for posting :)
I have a LM324N and thought this circuit would work with it, but it didnt. The simple inverter circuit had odd behavior. The LED would not come on unless pin 2 was tied to the Vcc- rail, or unless pin 11 was disconnected.
Hey Moritz another quick question : do you know a guide where we can choose a multimeter for this precise use (audio) ?
Prices ranges from two dozens euros to a thousand, there are several classes.. it's very confusing !
And maybe a website where all of these components are available ? I can't even find one !
Thanks once again :)
will a 1watt resistor fit in a breadboard? do you know what the hole size is in the bread board?
I have a question about LED circuits. I know that one side goes to 9v and the other to ground, but which side are you supposed to put a resistor on? I know in this video it was on 9v, but some schematics also have it on ground.
Edit: another question i figure i might as well ask now:
What's the difference between voltage and current? and do resistors affect current or voltage?
it doesn't matter which side you put the resistor on - it will have the same effect either way. this is because the resistor is limiting the current ("amount" of electricity) flowing from the positive to the negative terminal. and for that, it doesn't matter where the bottleneck is!
as for the difference between voltage and current, i'd recommend you check out the first episode in my DIY VCO series, since i explain exactly this in detail there!
In electronics there are components that considered as current or voltage (constant) devices.Leds are current devices and there is not fixed operating voltage nor current.So must check each led with a variable voltage source to check when it lights up in a normal level and then measure the applied voltage and the current that led draws.Size,scheme,colour,smd or not,each led type has it own characteristics.Resistor can be connected in any of the led pins.
why are foil caps generally preferred in audio circuits?
Hello sorry for question i get everything but not the thing with second 9V battery... So this or most ICs need 2 cell battery to have like "+" ground "-"? And what if i wanna use like one 12V battery? Or like 3x18650?
Warning, there are cheap and expensive breadboards. They look the same but they are not. Cheap ones use cheap connecting grips, which are not always making a solid connection with components with thin legs, typically with the very popular 1/4W resistors. Othe advise is to avoid any diagonal. Always right angles and limit number of crossings.
Is the K on the foil cap for kapacitor?
In this case K is the tolerance rating of the capacitor (10%). 1K63 on this cap means 1uF (+/- 10%), 63V maximum.
❤❤
you mentioned that foil and ceramic caps are better for audio circuits, why is that? if i use a normal electrolitic capacitor will it compromise my audio circuit?
ceramic are actually not a good choice for most audio stuff, since they introduce distortion. electrolytic ones are an even worse choice, because they are polarized and thus shouldn't be used with AC signals (which is what audio signals are!)
@@MoritzKlein0 thanks for the answer, btw great video as always
Ceramic capacitors are also "microphonic." That is, if subjected to pressure or force (like tapping), they will generate a small voltage. It's not usually a big deal electronically, but if the goal is high fidelity, random transient voltages in your analog output aren't helpful. That's part of the "distortion" Mr. Klein illustrated. (edited for clarity.)
Very nice tutorial.
I have only one note: it is bad practice to do connections or alterations on the board with live power. Power should be disconnected.
In one moment of the video it is clear that you accidentally shorted two pins. That is common so the reason of disconnecting power.
true!
How would I power my breadboard in a similar way to what is seen at 12:39 with a basic bench power supply?
I think I need a bench power supply that has two positive and two negative output thingys?!? I guess, I have to go buy some batteries.
What is the purpose of the 1k resistor in the first example? Why is it needed before the LED in the circuit? Why can't you just run the LED straight off the battery terminals?
because the LED would burn up otherwise - there’d be too much current flowing through it. the resistor restricts the amount of current that will flow.
@@MoritzKlein0 - Can you use any size resistor or do you need a specific minimum value like the 1k used here?
My LED starts in the off state. It does power on when touching contact to negative rail.. but its off by default, circuits don’t like me
That's probably why I picked up the dusty breadboard that was in the drawer again.
How do i know how many ohm my resistor has to be?
12tones have to step his drawing game up
maybe a stupid question, but since you say here that batteries are enough to power the breadboard for these basic cases, when do you think a PSU like in your DIY PSU video starts to become necessary?
in other words, both for safety and financial reasons, i'd prefer to use batteries initially (still a complete beginner). but i'm trying to understand the downsides? is there something to be wary of when powering audio circuits with batteries? also considering that apparently modules run on +12/-12, how are 9v batteries enough?
Here is my comment for the algorithm
At the atomic level though... Elecity "flows" (even if one would actually say that it flows) from negative to positive
Where is everyone sourcing their parts from?
really depends on where you live!
@@MoritzKlein0 I’m in the U.S
i always thought electricity flows from negative to positive?? 6:25
there are two types of charge carriers positive and negative. positive current is defined as the direction of flow of positive charge. in the wire, the charge carriers are negative (free electrons), and so the current is positive in the direction opposite their direction of travel. if you were to look inside the battery you'd see positive charge carriers (ions) moving in the same direction from positive to negative.
6:53 Your +9V symbol looks like a ground symbol.