UPDATE: Part Two is out now! Be sure to watch it after Part 1 to get to the good stuff! The origins of CIBC and Scotiabank and the most infamous pirates to sail Canadian seas! Stay tuned to the end for a sneak peek at what's coming this season! And make sure to click the bell notification icon to be alerted when Part 2 is released! You won't be able to guess where the story of piracy on the East Coast ends up! Next episode, things get a little scary! And be sure to check the description for tidbits that didn't make it into the video, some of the best stuff is always in the description!
I have now watched all the videos under your channel, and am finally on the same page as everyone else. I remain fascinated. Btw, your outfit is very nice in this particular video. Well-sported. Thanks to you & your crew for your hard work. - Missouri, U.S.A.
You can tell you’re from the prairies when you see the title and you can only think of one thing… And it’s a hey! (Hey!) ho! (Ho!) Comin’ down the plains! Stealing wheat and barley and all the other grains- It’s a good determiner of how long someone has been in the praires, just wait for how long it takes for them to join the chorus
GREAT VIDEO! I recommend looking into the Newfoundland pirate John Phillips, who stole a fishing boat with 4 other men, swore a pirate code on a hatchet, and then plundered 30 ships before being mutinied upon and tossed over of the coast of Newfoundland in 1724. Could be a good add to this :)
Saying “Newfoundland” properly is very nice to hear. Good job sir! For those who still don’t know, or those who are wondering, These 2 words sound the same: Understand - Newfoundland
@@Canadiana It was fascinating. Such a cool topic I'd never thought much about. Absolutely top notch storytelling and production as always. I can't wait for the next one. Sharing this as much as possible, hope you guys get the exposure you deserve.
This is amazing! As a Newfoundlander, I have always wanted this quality of our history on TH-cam but it never was, thank you. I’ll be sure to subscribe!
A most interesting exposition on the history of piracy on the Eastern sea's of Canada... I would never have known !!! Keep up the great work in sharing this intel, checking Part 2 now 😁 (liked and subscribed) --------
Pirates did bare treasure in many places on islands and in many lo cations around coast if they where going to raid for a time in that location it was far more safe on land than in a ship that could besuck by bad weather or attacks by ships for what they may have on
I just found this channel. Wow. I mean, really well done! This is the stuff that epitomizes my idea of freedom of content. It’s a personal expression. It’s well executed. It’s unique and engaging. Very rare and wonderful. Thanks so much for your efforts Canadiana people! 🇨🇦 forever, eh!
That is an incredible story. When researching this episode we became really curious about pirates that were less documented than the ones we cover (especially in English). I wonder who that Portuguese pirate was, and very glad your ancestor escaped!
its weird that peter easton is so unknown. he was possibly the most successful pirate ever. unlike black bart he survived, he was pardoned, and lived out his life in luxury. how many other pirates can say the same? not to mention that the royal navy didnt even dare to challenge his pirate armada.
I'm surprised at how much Canada has to offer that I don't have the time to find out. Thanks for making this series! I wish more people would know about your channel.
Just fell onto these videos ... very well done!! I Have been researching the history of Canada... living on the East Coast there are many stories as you say. Well produced.
It's overwhelming how rich the East Coast is with incredible stories. We have a number of episodes focused on the Maritimes, Newfoundland and Labrador this season but feel like we only scratched the surface! Thanks for watching.
I can't believe I've never heard these names and fascinating stories that shaped our country. Thank you Adam and the 'Bunch' for sharing all of this with us. Absolutely brilliant shots and post-production (as usual).
Had a maternal loyalst ancestor so took the time to do research about him (Haldimann Papers, etc). Had an adventurous life. Started off in Stiĺlwater, NY. His father Isaac Sr was Col of the militia. All his 4 sons were very active during the 1st Colonial Civil War. Captured as a chief of scouts, far behind rebel lines just after Saratoga battle. Sentenced to death. Exchanged day before his execution date. Ended up in the 'Baie de Chaleur' (Bay of Heat) fed by the magnificent Restigouche River, with his extensive family. Was appointed the '1st Sheriff of Gaspe, given a sloop and tasked with intercepting smugglers, revolting rebel fishing poachers and other such stuff. Believe he operated out of New Carlisle. Have lots on his active Revolution period but can't find anything about the 1786-1816 period. Can anyone help ?
Oh I used to be a pirate and I made a living fine I had a little stretch of land along the CP line But times were hard and though I tried, the money wasn't there And bankers came and took my land and told me fair is fair I looked for every kind of job, the answer always "no" Hire you now, they'd always laugh, we just let twenty go! The government, they promised me a measly little sum But I've got too much pride to end up just another bum Then I thought who gives a damn if all the jobs are gone I'm gonna be a PIRATE! on the River Saskatchewan! (arr! arr! arr!) ~The Last Saskatchewan Pirate, by The Arrogant Worms
Just wanted to say how much I love this series and your guys’ work, these videos are truly incredible, not just the stories themselves but also the way you tell them. In fact, you guys are the first and only channel I’ve ever become a patron on patreon for, because I’m so enthralled in it and want to see you succeed in producing more of this content. I can offer one piece of constructive criticism, if you’ll have it, in that I think in this episode the music and the narration were slightly out of balance. In some parts, it was just a little hard to hear your narration over the soundtrack. Not that I entirely minded, as the music of this video is also phenomenal. I’ve learned so much about my own Canadian history from you guys in the last few months alone, and it’s really renewed my interest in our local stories that much more. Thank you, from Cayuga/Guelph
Thank you so much, sorry we didn't see this comment sooner. You can never know how much we appreciate and rely on our Patreons! And we appreciate the feedback! Sound mixing is one of the hardest things to get right, and sometimes it seems like TH-cam throws a wrench in after the upload (though we don't know how that could be). If we could afford a sound mixer we would because we agree that at times the balance is off. Part of it stems from the microphone we use during production, it almost always sounds oddly quiet no matter what we do in post. But we do sometimes get a little complacent with the level of the music after hearing it so many times. We really hope to get better at it with each episode because there's nothing worse than having spent so long on animations only to lose the viewer due to the finicky audio! We hope you enjoy the rest of the season!
Our guess is that boredom was the greatest evil a ship's crew had to face. Maybe boredom, especially on ships where alcohol was regulated, bred mutinies. At the same time, music in the form of sea shanties served a crucial role in the running of a ship. Most of the actions the crew performed to steer and maintain their ships were best done quickly and methodically. Sea shanties behave like metronomes that keep dozens of men working on a task in sync. While providing a boost of energy. Music might have been the lifeblood of a well-maintained ship.
Contrary to popular belief, sea shanties do not seem to have been common until into the 19th century, when types of ships and gear came into use that necessitated tasks particularly amenable to shanty-singing - for a dive into the details, look up the work of Gibb Schreffler, probably the leading scholar on the subject today. Shanties did not require a 'musician' as such, rather just a 'shantyman', i.e., a singer capable of leading the singing, which involved having a loud singing voice, a repertoire of shanties suiting various tasks, and often the ability to improvise verses. The 'golden age' of shanties was from about 1820-1870. However, there was a tradition of fiddlers accompanying rhythmic work. William Bligh infamously had a fiddler on the Bounty to provide music for the requisite dancing drills he put his men through (he wanted to make sure they got their exercise!).@@Canadiana
The Beotuks were native to Labrador and were helped to the Newfoundland Island.. no natives found dating pre- portuguese. They have sites dating 500 years old but there was 100 years of the Island before the Beotuks
Terrific work! Thought I knew all about Canadian pirates -- turned out to be the tip of the iceberg! Well done, and very impressive. Both informative and entertaining.
And this is still the tip of the iceberg! There's just so many more details about these and other figures. More to come in Part 2 though! Thanks for watching!
Yooo I saw Isle Haute at the start and immediately recognized it! I've been there, before it became protected. Beautiful place, and fascinating history as you've detailed here. Love this series :)
It was quite the experience to get to go out there! We had less than 2 hours to get all of the footage because things were getting choppy in the bay. Would have loved to have more time there.
@@Canadiana at the risk of outing my identity, we actually stayed overnight. Attempted to get a sunrise shot at the end of that rocky peninsula, but as you seem to've experienced, it's quite overcast/foggy so no dice! Double no-dice when the tide started coming in! I think you did a great job capturing its uniqueness.
Ah someone to commiserate with about how tough it is to capture the island on camera! Not only was it overcast (not in a good way) but we were also there when the sun was further West (we had no choice, of course) and so the island was backlit, causing us to expose for the shadows in order to see the cliffs! Ended up staying on a boat due to rough seas until the tide came in...6 hours after leaving the island, not til 10pm! Totally worth it though and thank you for the kind words.
Very cool video. Can you turn up the volume some, and the fast flashing of images give some of us seizures. So if you could slow it down some would be great. Thanks for the great video.....
Fantastic video! Can you please decrease the volume on the music? It's hard to hear the narration over it. I had to turn on closed captioning to know what was being said.
Ah we're sorry for that. Sound mixing is the most finicky part of the process and we have a difficult time perfecting it. We will aim to do better next time!
@@Canadiana No need to be sorry, but I appreciate it. I hear you, I've had issues with sound mixing in the past as well. It's easy to mess up when you've heard the same thing a hundred times over. One thing you could try to do is have someone else watch it who's fresh. Kinda like having someone else proof read your work. I hope this helps. This is really good content also!
Very interesting! But not a word about the Acadians Pirates? Nothing about the greatest Canadian Pirate of all, the Sea Wolf, Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville?
My ancestors so far goes back to the landing in Cape Breton of a 11th grandfather in the 1750 era. He left Manchester as a ship Captain Master Gunner and sailed from Manchester, U.K. to what is now St. Kitts and Nevis, later to Bermuda and finally to Cape Breton. I always wonder why and might he have been a pirate or escaping something?
UPDATE: Part Two is out now! Be sure to watch it after Part 1 to get to the good stuff! The origins of CIBC and Scotiabank and the most infamous pirates to sail Canadian seas!
Stay tuned to the end for a sneak peek at what's coming this season! And make sure to click the bell notification icon to be alerted when Part 2 is released! You won't be able to guess where the story of piracy on the East Coast ends up! Next episode, things get a little scary! And be sure to check the description for tidbits that didn't make it into the video, some of the best stuff is always in the description!
I really hope you benefit from bill C-11 if it gets passed.
I have now watched all the videos under your channel, and am finally on the same page as everyone else. I remain fascinated. Btw, your outfit is very nice in this particular video. Well-sported. Thanks to you & your crew for your hard work. - Missouri, U.S.A.
The use of music is very well done.
Why was this not taught in school????
This literally blew my mind. The quality, research and time spent on this is amazing. This needs a hell of a lot more exposure.
"Hard to hate" was my thinking.
Literally, huh? My sympathies to your surviving relatives.
Your comment just restored my faith in humanity... and I gave it a like🥶.
@@ChrisLawton66 Apparently!1!![k.thx.o.x.bai]
Makes cbc look like a friggin joke
You can tell you’re from the prairies when you see the title and you can only think of one thing…
And it’s a hey! (Hey!) ho! (Ho!)
Comin’ down the plains!
Stealing wheat and barley and all the other grains-
It’s a good determiner of how long someone has been in the praires, just wait for how long it takes for them to join the chorus
As an ignorant American I could never have imagined Canadian history being so dang interesting. Fantastic video!!
GREAT VIDEO! I recommend looking into the Newfoundland pirate John Phillips, who stole a fishing boat with 4 other men, swore a pirate code on a hatchet, and then plundered 30 ships before being mutinied upon and tossed over of the coast of Newfoundland in 1724. Could be a good add to this :)
Saying “Newfoundland” properly is very nice to hear. Good job sir!
For those who still don’t know, or those who are wondering,
These 2 words sound the same:
Understand - Newfoundland
Very excited to see you guys back at it. I absolutely love everything you've done so far.
We're so excited too! Let us know what you think of tonight's premiere!
@@Canadiana It was fascinating. Such a cool topic I'd never thought much about. Absolutely top notch storytelling and production as always. I can't wait for the next one. Sharing this as much as possible, hope you guys get the exposure you deserve.
Two more days until the premiere of your new video. In the meantime I will watch all the old videos of Canadiana again!
We love this SO MUCH!!
I can't wait for another amazing season. Cheers from BC
Thanks for waiting and watching!
Gosh! If Canadian history in school had been more like this, I’d have paid better attention!
Welcome back! This video was amazing. Can't wait for the Grasslands one. I'm so glad you got funding to continue this show.
We are also EXTREMELY excited for the Grasslands one--it's a ways away but what a place!
HOW IS THIS NOT MORE POPULAR???
So DAMN GOOD!!! Who knew Canada had such an interesting history... and you make it soooo good. Keep it up!!
These are so well done. Thank you
Your videos are some of my favorites so glad you guys are back!!!
Love this channel! Will ensure my 8 grandchildren watch your series. Thank you for providing these Canadian history videos!!
This is amazing! As a Newfoundlander, I have always wanted this quality of our history on TH-cam but it never was, thank you. I’ll be sure to subscribe!
Thanks for sharing the history of our amazing country.
A most interesting exposition on the history of piracy on the Eastern sea's of Canada... I would never have known !!! Keep up the great work in sharing this intel, checking Part 2 now 😁 (liked and subscribed) --------
Woot woot! And a tucked-in shirt, to boot!
Fantastic first episode! Can't wait for the rest of the season!
Amazing!
Amazing editing, we love to watch your videos
You guys did it again! Well done! 🇨🇦🏴☠️
Great story from Canadian history, best I've heard, super fun! And so well made.
- A Fellow Canuck
I loooooove this channel SO much!!!! Thank you 💝
Pirates did bare treasure in many places on islands and in many lo
cations around coast if they where going to raid for a time in that location it was far more safe on land than in a ship that could besuck by bad weather or attacks by ships for what they may have on
I just found this channel. Wow. I mean, really well done! This is the stuff that epitomizes my idea of freedom of content. It’s a personal expression. It’s well executed. It’s unique and engaging. Very rare and wonderful. Thanks so much for your efforts Canadiana people!
🇨🇦 forever, eh!
Happy to see your return. I learn so much from this channel.
My ancestor was kidnapped by pirates in Portugal when he was a kid, and he managed to escape when the ship was in Québec.
That's wild!
@@Canadiana yeah, and he was thus nicknamed "The Portuguese" for the rest of his life, as can be seen in old documents.
That is an incredible story. When researching this episode we became really curious about pirates that were less documented than the ones we cover (especially in English). I wonder who that Portuguese pirate was, and very glad your ancestor escaped!
Thank you to everyone involved! Fantastic work.
its weird that peter easton is so unknown. he was possibly the most successful pirate ever. unlike black bart he survived, he was pardoned, and lived out his life in luxury. how many other pirates can say the same? not to mention that the royal navy didnt even dare to challenge his pirate armada.
He sounds like a sellout
I'm surprised at how much Canada has to offer that I don't have the time to find out. Thanks for making this series! I wish more people would know about your channel.
Wow!! I am a fan, I was hooked from start to finish.
Awesome!!
Shouts to Sean @ the creative imbalance for the feature. Love this stuff 👌
Can't wait for the next one!
Good Job!
Just fell onto these videos ... very well done!! I Have been researching the history of Canada... living on the East Coast there are many stories as you say. Well produced.
It's overwhelming how rich the East Coast is with incredible stories. We have a number of episodes focused on the Maritimes, Newfoundland and Labrador this season but feel like we only scratched the surface! Thanks for watching.
I just found this channel - love it! Will share and subscribe.
Thanks for checking us out!
I've just found your channel. I love it
Damn fine job. I'm very impressed with your channel.
Great show!!
Dude... this was incredible to watch.
I subscribed, this is my family's new favourite channel!!
@@brendan6808 thank you! It makes us so happy to hear that!
Great Job I'm a Fan Now Thanks Love it
Yes there back! I’ve been waiting
Just came upon your channel, great work!
There needs to be a movie about Peter Easton and Black Bart!
Awesome! Where were you during history classes? I knew a bit but never knew this, great job, this definatly needs exposure.
As The History Guy says, “Don’t all good stories involve pirates?” Loved the videos I’ve seen so far. Greetings from Arizona!
Fascinating. Can't wait for the next one!
Subscribed!
I can't believe I've never heard these names and fascinating stories that shaped our country. Thank you Adam and the 'Bunch' for sharing all of this with us.
Absolutely brilliant shots and post-production (as usual).
Thank you! We were just as surprised when doing the research; the Gulf of St. Lawrence was teeming with pirates. From, Adam and the 'Bunch' haha
Lets go! Thanks for teh* great content :)
You're welcome, eh! ;-)
Had a maternal loyalst ancestor so took the time to do research about him (Haldimann Papers, etc). Had an adventurous life. Started off in Stiĺlwater, NY. His father Isaac Sr was Col of the militia. All his 4 sons were very active during the 1st Colonial Civil War. Captured as a chief of scouts, far behind rebel lines just after Saratoga battle. Sentenced to death. Exchanged day before his execution date. Ended up in the 'Baie de Chaleur' (Bay of Heat) fed by the magnificent Restigouche River, with his extensive family.
Was appointed the '1st Sheriff of Gaspe, given a sloop and tasked with intercepting smugglers, revolting rebel fishing poachers and other such stuff. Believe he operated out of New Carlisle.
Have lots on his active Revolution period but can't find anything about the 1786-1816 period. Can anyone help ?
So stoked! Great video!
Get ready!!!!
I'm sooooo happy you're back!! My fiance and I both love this show and I've learned so much 💜
Facinating story!
Oh I used to be a pirate and I made a living fine
I had a little stretch of land along the CP line
But times were hard and though I tried, the money wasn't there
And bankers came and took my land and told me fair is fair
I looked for every kind of job, the answer always "no"
Hire you now, they'd always laugh, we just let twenty go!
The government, they promised me a measly little sum
But I've got too much pride to end up just another bum
Then I thought who gives a damn if all the jobs are gone
I'm gonna be a PIRATE! on the River Saskatchewan!
(arr! arr! arr!)
~The Last Saskatchewan Pirate, by The Arrogant Worms
The narrator sounds SO much like a younger Donald Sutherland I just can't get over it. Even has a similar cadence.
New subscriber, great start!
Love your videos, fantastic stuff.
Great stuff
barrett's privateers vibes
edit: 2:14 Fucaneers lol
Just wanted to say how much I love this series and your guys’ work, these videos are truly incredible, not just the stories themselves but also the way you tell them. In fact, you guys are the first and only channel I’ve ever become a patron on patreon for, because I’m so enthralled in it and want to see you succeed in producing more of this content. I can offer one piece of constructive criticism, if you’ll have it, in that I think in this episode the music and the narration were slightly out of balance. In some parts, it was just a little hard to hear your narration over the soundtrack. Not that I entirely minded, as the music of this video is also phenomenal. I’ve learned so much about my own Canadian history from you guys in the last few months alone, and it’s really renewed my interest in our local stories that much more. Thank you, from Cayuga/Guelph
Thank you so much, sorry we didn't see this comment sooner. You can never know how much we appreciate and rely on our Patreons! And we appreciate the feedback! Sound mixing is one of the hardest things to get right, and sometimes it seems like TH-cam throws a wrench in after the upload (though we don't know how that could be). If we could afford a sound mixer we would because we agree that at times the balance is off. Part of it stems from the microphone we use during production, it almost always sounds oddly quiet no matter what we do in post. But we do sometimes get a little complacent with the level of the music after hearing it so many times. We really hope to get better at it with each episode because there's nothing worse than having spent so long on animations only to lose the viewer due to the finicky audio! We hope you enjoy the rest of the season!
Happy your back👍 amazing job on this, enjoyed watching and anxious to see whats to come🙂
Thank You !!
Well made good sir, well made. 👌
Wonder what it would be like for the average person to have your small fishing village seized by pirates and reworked into a thriving pirate fortress.
Welcome back! Was missing your really well-delivered historical videos.
Congratulations! Great series. Looking forward to watching the next episode.
Support earned. I look forward to a fascinating, inclusive view of unknown Canadian history.
Great episode!
Musicians must play whenever asked? That's an interesting outlier rule. Any theories about that one?
Our guess is that boredom was the greatest evil a ship's crew had to face. Maybe boredom, especially on ships where alcohol was regulated, bred mutinies. At the same time, music in the form of sea shanties served a crucial role in the running of a ship. Most of the actions the crew performed to steer and maintain their ships were best done quickly and methodically. Sea shanties behave like metronomes that keep dozens of men working on a task in sync. While providing a boost of energy. Music might have been the lifeblood of a well-maintained ship.
Contrary to popular belief, sea shanties do not seem to have been common until into the 19th century, when types of ships and gear came into use that necessitated tasks particularly amenable to shanty-singing - for a dive into the details, look up the work of Gibb Schreffler, probably the leading scholar on the subject today. Shanties did not require a 'musician' as such, rather just a 'shantyman', i.e., a singer capable of leading the singing, which involved having a loud singing voice, a repertoire of shanties suiting various tasks, and often the ability to improvise verses. The 'golden age' of shanties was from about 1820-1870. However, there was a tradition of fiddlers accompanying rhythmic work. William Bligh infamously had a fiddler on the Bounty to provide music for the requisite dancing drills he put his men through (he wanted to make sure they got their exercise!).@@Canadiana
So great. I’m looking forward to the entire season!
Awesome work!
I will share with friends - thanks guys!
The Beotuks were native to Labrador and were helped to the Newfoundland Island.. no natives found dating pre- portuguese. They have sites dating 500 years old but there was 100 years of the Island before the Beotuks
Your videos are so well done!
Thank you for your time and effort.
Terrific work! Thought I knew all about Canadian pirates -- turned out to be the tip of the iceberg! Well done, and very impressive. Both informative and entertaining.
And this is still the tip of the iceberg! There's just so many more details about these and other figures. More to come in Part 2 though! Thanks for watching!
Fantastic episode, outstanding series! Who knew Canadian history was so interesting!
I love this video, I'm originally from Nova Scotia and any content you have on Atlantic Canada is appreciated!
Anacostia island, had a French pirate
Yooo I saw Isle Haute at the start and immediately recognized it! I've been there, before it became protected. Beautiful place, and fascinating history as you've detailed here. Love this series :)
It was quite the experience to get to go out there! We had less than 2 hours to get all of the footage because things were getting choppy in the bay. Would have loved to have more time there.
@@Canadiana at the risk of outing my identity, we actually stayed overnight. Attempted to get a sunrise shot at the end of that rocky peninsula, but as you seem to've experienced, it's quite overcast/foggy so no dice! Double no-dice when the tide started coming in! I think you did a great job capturing its uniqueness.
Ah someone to commiserate with about how tough it is to capture the island on camera! Not only was it overcast (not in a good way) but we were also there when the sun was further West (we had no choice, of course) and so the island was backlit, causing us to expose for the shadows in order to see the cliffs! Ended up staying on a boat due to rough seas until the tide came in...6 hours after leaving the island, not til 10pm! Totally worth it though and thank you for the kind words.
POGGERS
I really hope you guys get big because this production quality is top notch and you guys really deserve it
This is so cool! Thanks for this!
This was a good episode. I look forward to part 2. Thanks, eh.
I myself am a descendant of a famed Newfie pirate, John Angel out of Petty Harbour
Ever read “River Thieves” about the last of the Beothuks. It’s written by Micheal Crummy.
Very cool video. Can you turn up the volume some, and the fast flashing of images give some of us seizures. So if you could slow it down some would be great. Thanks for the great video.....
What about Refugee Cove and the story of the Miqmaw saving and helping the Acadian refugees?
So much in the maritimes of Canada to remember…
Enjoyed this video, but where is your evidence for the raid on Puerto Rico? Can't find reference to this anywhere else.
Thanks!
Thank you!
Fantastic video! Can you please decrease the volume on the music? It's hard to hear the narration over it. I had to turn on closed captioning to know what was being said.
Ah we're sorry for that. Sound mixing is the most finicky part of the process and we have a difficult time perfecting it. We will aim to do better next time!
@@Canadiana No need to be sorry, but I appreciate it. I hear you, I've had issues with sound mixing in the past as well. It's easy to mess up when you've heard the same thing a hundred times over. One thing you could try to do is have someone else watch it who's fresh. Kinda like having someone else proof read your work. I hope this helps. This is really good content also!
Very interesting! But not a word about the Acadians Pirates? Nothing about the greatest Canadian Pirate of all, the Sea Wolf, Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville?
yo!! you are the best.....do "swastica ontario ' NEXT TO TIMMINS please...its bananas
My ancestors so far goes back to the landing in Cape Breton of a 11th grandfather in the 1750 era. He left Manchester as a ship Captain Master Gunner and sailed from Manchester, U.K. to what is now St. Kitts and Nevis, later to Bermuda and finally to Cape Breton. I always wonder why and might he have been a pirate or escaping something?
Do you know how he experienced the Great Upheaval of 1755-1763 ??
Opened up my comment pit Canadiana, I had to even though I'm dual as far as Canada goes...
at 1:50 what's the X on Ingonish, Cape Breton for?
you guys deserve a grant