Strange Matter: So Stable it's Contagious
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ค. 2024
- Now in glorious 4K vision!
Today we are going to look at a particularly strange form of matter, literally called strange matter, and it’s contagious. It’s so stable that all matter in the universe might want to be strange. Let’s find out more.
First let’s think about matter.
What we call normal matter, although we don’t even call it normal matter, we just call it matter, is made from atoms and as I’ve already mentioned in a number of videos, atoms are made from protons, neutrons and electrons and even the protons and neutrons are made from smaller particles called quarks. Neutrons are made from 1 up and 2 down quarks and protons are made from 2 up and 1 down quark. So all the matter that we can see and normally associate with the term matter is made up of just 2 types of quark and electrons. So what about other types of quark, well quarks are quite strange things.
Firstly, quarks come in different flavours (I know, physicists are weird), and there are 6 flavours, they are up and down, and those are the ones we are familiar with, but there are others. There are also top and bottom quarks, and finally we have strange and charm quarks. There are also corresponding antiquarks for each of the 6 flavours.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:50 Quarks
1:35 Mesons & Baryons
3:45 Strange Matter
4:50 Neutron Stars
6:20 Strange Quarks
7:50 Neutron Star Collisions
8:30 Strangelets
8:45 Strange Matter Spreads
9:20 Does Strange Matter really exist? - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
How strange matter could convert protons to strange matter reminds me of Kurt Vonnegut's book, "Ice Nine" in which one drop of it freezes all of Earth's oceans to Ice-9.
Oh I love Cat's Cradle, the idea of a 'contagious' form of water is so interesting because water is fundamental to life as we know it. If strange matter is stable outside neutron stars, we might have an even more fundamental (and non-fictional) equivalent of ice-9 from the book
@@uwuifyingransomware I read the book a long time ago and it was a good read, IMO. Glad to know others remember such things, too.
@@ozymandiasultor9480 I have read that there are different forms of water that are theoretically possible so I believe his science basics were very possible. Any new technology becomes a weapon, it seems to me. As for religion, it too is man-made, IMO.
@@ozymandiasultor9480 History is full of such tales, IMO.
Methamphetamine is bad kids
Strange matter is only stable in TH-cam videos. Watching them makes you strange as well. Commenting on them makes you even stranger and then you turn other people strange when you talk to them.
When you're strange, faces come out of the rain!
Bro that's so true! I feel stranger already just by talking about it!
Huh... strange...
This is one of the Stangest of all time
Because I am a stranger who has found an even stranger war
Slight correction: protons are at least that stable. They may have a longer half life or even be completely stable. That's just the upper bound that we can measure.
still a longer time than humans could ever possibly comprehend lol
How do they measure that? It's not like the universe is that old, so how can we possibly know that?
@@milesrasmussen6590 Solid predictions can be made by proven theories. We know what we know is true since modern science is designed that way, and so based on what we know we know about protons, we know some predictions about them, like that lower bound of their stability that we have so far, are true even if those predictions will come about further in the future than the universe has even existed so far. Past what we know, though, we don’t actually know, so protons could be stable longer than that lower bound.
@@candyman4769 but how do they get that lower bound? What measurements lead to that?
@@milesrasmussen6590 I don't know if that's really it, but my guess Is that it has to do with half life. We have never seen a proton decay, so for half of an object's protons to decay, it would need a huge amount of time, since if one doesn't decay in 100 years, how long is it gonna take for 10^20 protons to decay? And the rate gets slower with each decayed proton.
The only problem with the animation: due to strange matter's density, the objects will collapse as soon as they are converted. That'd be difficult to animate tho.
You're quite right on both counts, yes the density would increase and yes it was a bit difficult to model so I didn't. Plus I liked the animation as it was all shiny and stuff.
@@LearningCurveScience it kinda reminds me of the Shimmer in Terraria
@@renakunisaki Me when I want to take a bath in the shiny liquid underground: 🧍♂️👻⬇️⬇️⬇️
@@renakunisaki You ain't passing through that density, though
The quarks shouldn't be animated as spheres either, they should be the bulbous heads of Ferengi.
I was wondering about the video’s depiction of Moon, Sun and Earth being transformed into this different form/color… wouldn’t they simultaneously shrink down to a minuscule fraction of their original size, too? It sounded as though strange matter would be really dense…
If I recall, the Earth would shrink down into a common asteroid, while the Sun would be the size of Mercury.
So it would be a form of degenerate matter yes???
@@matgeezer2094 No, it's just really dense.
Yes, in theory that would probably happen since it is degenerate matter
@@brandonvillatuya9539 quark stars are degenerate but if the hyperon strange matter is exactly perfectly dense like the OP said (and I haven’t done outside research on this matter), that would it was not degenerate matter. Degenerate matter must be denser than perfect density. The hyperon matter has no charge, so it would have no natural repulsion to beat into degeneracy above that level. The strange stars might still contain quark degenerate matter near their centers, but the hyperon matter in the mantle and crust of the strange star would not be intrinsically degenerate. We would expect it to continue to maintain the same form even if we could somehow transport the hyperon matter away any offer it a low-gravity environment. Contrast neutron degenerate matter which would quickly decay to various isotopes of hydrogen or quark degenerate matter which would probably decay to hyperon matter or possibly a random mix of neutron degenerate matter (which would then decay to hydrogen) and hydrogen. Without something to resist the degeneracy pressure, degenerate matter will always decay. Hyperon matter doesn’t.
Everyone always asks "what's this strange matter?" but no one asks "what's the matter?"
Lol 😂
now wait for "how's the matter"
As a matter of fact...I don't think it matters to most people.
God damn right
I figure that this is one of those things where unless it'd already happened, it's probably not going to happen. Like the idea that all electrons in your body would in unison re-fuse with all your protons, and you just become neutron sludge, is a chance so infinitesimally small and unlikely that it really shouldn't even be considered theoretical. Even in environments where it could be considered unlikely, those environments would kill you so hard anyway that knowing exactly how it happened is more of a matter of sick curiosity than it is anything constructive.
maybe i'll turn into neutron sludge out of spite just to prove you wrong what about that
Have u done it??@@theodensuhrie7915
Or it could be happening in parallel multiverses and we are not noticing it because we are dead in those multiverses.This could create an illusion that strange matter decays away very quickly, because the only multiverses we survive where strange matter decays very quickly.
One could test this theory by setting up an experiment to produce strange matter with a probability of 0.5. You could toss a coin and if it's heads produce strange matter and if it's tails do not produce strange matter. Now put the coin in a quantum superposition and measure the coin. If this theory is correct you would measure the coin always in tail state.
As someone composed of matter, yes - I can confirm that we all want to be strange.
Purple salad hallway robot
@@Andrew-ww1hzorange pie bedroom cat
@@Jeri2003 yellow soup kitchen A.I
@@Fdl_Zzzzz red cake bathroom man
@@Angry_Wasp green steak attic bear
The fact that there is a non-zero chance these exist just adds another cosmic horror to the pile.
@@NeightrixPrime proof?
@@starhalv2427 because everything would be strange matter if it could exist. if it exists, we mistake it's properties.
@@TheInfectous Or it's so far away due to expansion and size of universe, it could just be simply isolated
@@watertommyz Neutrons stars collided in the early universe too, when the size of the universe was comparatively small. If it strange matter as theorized could exist, it would infect everything.
@@starhalv2427 We can’t exactly prove that it *doesn’t* exist, but I would LOVE to see some citations for any of the information in this video.
Maybe strange matter isn't as voracious as you described. If it maintained it's density after being ejected, It wouldn't have the mass necessary to impose it's density upon other matter. Maybe through direct contact you could push material into it? Like, a strange meteorite might just pass through a planet, leaving a neat hole. Or, the friction from the event might result in planetary bodies absorbing strange matter. Maybe primordial black holes as well. In fact, I wouldn't be surprised if these hyper-dense materials play a role in the formation of planetary systems. Very thought provoking stuff. You earned my subscription.
LOL the strange absorption cross section just becomes infinitesimal
The strange quark sounds like a good plot material for a Star Trek episode. The antidote of which will have to be the charmed quark.
He can be charming when he's trying to make a sale...
Shame that star trek is dead
I look forward to your proposed episode on quarks. I would also like to know what role the neutrino plays in the neutron particle. The weak force decay cycle and half-lives of matter. I hope to see more.
Getting an answer to that question may be difficult. I suggest the channels FermiLab and Sabine Hossenfelder. From what I've learned, I have heard that neutrinos interact with the weak force IIRC. Since neutrons are electrically neutral (same as neutrinos), neutrons are therefore important in normal matter for mediating the strong force by preventing too many protons from getting too close together. When a neutrino interacts with normal matter, it always interacts with an atomic nucleus, which is partly why neutrino/normal matter interactions are so rare. The atomic nucleus is also the only thing which a fast neutron can interact with. The radius of an atomic nucleus relative to its electronic radius, which determines its ability to intercept fast neutrons as well as neutrinos, is measured in barns.
If ultra-stable matter (more stable than neutrons and protons) could exist, it would exist. And it would be everywhere.
Ultra-stable would have been formed during the inflation process of the universe, and it would be the predominant kind of matter there is.
That isn't the case.
Meaning the contagious ultra stable “strange” matter is the matter we currently have, up and down. They infected all of their heavier cousins (that may or may not have existed in the very hot and dense early universe) and turned those into more of themselves.
Well not necessarily, as suggested strange matter requires extreme conditions to be created, namely pressure and early universe was ton of energy and then matter started to form, however at that time it was already too diluted to form strange matter, also we dont know how "contagious" it is, how fast it is, does it happen near instantly? Or does it take years?
So yes, fact that we dont see it everywhere reduces chances of it existing, however it is not definite proof against it.
@@belisarian6429 "however it is not definite proof against it."
It's impossible to prove inexistence of something. I can't prove the inexistence of Santa Claus.
So, if there is no empirical proof, physical or theoretical, it's just imagination.
I've never seen a simulation where Strange-matter came to be, and I've never seen any convincing mathematical support for it.
Therefore, I dismiss it as metaphysics, useful exercise of imagination.
it’s up to astronomers to prove at the end of the day. He says in the video there are possible candidates for theorized strange matter stars or planets however, telescopes and interpreting data will be the key to confirming or denying... or just never finding it because it’s super rare/technological limitations.
@@marcelosinico I think the proof for strange matter's non-existence would be a mathematical one. At the quantum level everything is already purely mathematics (as far as I understand it), so why can't be the proof be mathematical. Our models say it should exist, that's the problem. Just like 2+2 can't equal five (which we have proved), we have to prove why an equation can't be ultra stable contagious matter yet to be discovered.
This is an awesome video, the graphics are amazing
You're locked on to a future of great success and I'm proud of you for that.
It's really really good and I loved it!
I'm 100% sure your channel will do great, and you'll deserve everything that'll come with that.
Thank you so much
Thanks for the awesome video!
Looking forward to seeing an episode on quarks, honestly. There's so much absolutely batshit stuff about the universe, I don't think you're going to run out of source materials any time soon. 😀
No I have plenty of ideas, though suggestions are always welcome. This video came about as a result of a suggestion.
I've just come across your channel and have been binge watching. Great content and you should have way more subscribers!
Thank you, I'm glad you enjoy the videos and welcome aboard. I hope we can go on lots of journeys together.
This reminds me when I was in elementary school a lady science person came in to our class. One thing she did was put a powder in water and it turned all the water in the cup into a jelly/solid. Scared me half to death thinking about how someone could sprinkle some into the ocean and the whole thing would turn to jello! I thought we were gonna cause and extinction event!
Once the entire universe turns into strange matter, that is when we will know absolute unity.
Only 4 minutes in and I’ve already found this *extremely* helpful to sorting out details of stuff that I (thought) I kind of knew and putting them together. Simple language, simple pictures, weird matter. Thank you!
I love listening to these and learning about these topics on matter and things that I didn't know about, you also make it easy to grasp too
Thank you very much
@@LearningCurveScienceWhat the human soul compose of?
There’s evidence that a large portion of the weight of a proton comes from the occasional presence of a strange quark, because a strange quark is so massive that (on a quantum scale) just being there part of the time contributed enormously to mass
The fact that even protons decay gives me a sense of cosmic horror. The slowly creeping death and inescapable entropy of the universe is truly the stuff of nightmares. It's one thing for the universe to slowly get cold and dark but it's another thing for the very matter that composes us, to just... Decay. It's not the loneliness of the end that terrifies me, it's the fading out of being - down to the last atomic particle.
The universe will not go out into the night with a roar and a bang but with lonely whimpers and silent screams.
Great video! I already knew about strange matter but you get a sub anyway because this is one of the most information dense videos I've seen on it. Thank you!
I’ve been learning about quarks and this video did a great job of going through a lot of important points, well done sir
I could imagine a catastrophe/ zombie-esque show about this, anything that strange matter touches it sucks to itself or "corrupts", increasing its mass by a bit. It could spread, but for the sake of the show it would be slower on certain kinds of materials so people could escape it, but it could also be used against them
I don't know. I think, since we never detected it, it's more likely we just don't fundamentally understand something theoretical here or it's actually difficult to make strange matter, or that it's on stable in a very narrow parameter range.
I'm on team "only stable in a narrow set of conditions".
@@mal2ksc same. I think if it was easy to spot, we'd have done it. And it shouldn't be dark matter either, so.... Maybe neutron star cores? It could also make weird strange stars happen, and maybe they are very similar to neutron stars in a few ways.
We still can't calculate stability and half-life of unstable common matter elements. So guessing properties of never seen strange matter is somewhat strange
@@ladislavseps4801 yep. The method we use for common matter isn't also applicable for strange matter so... It's weird that this particularly dubious prediction is actually so publically well known. I do think the core of neutron stars is the ideal place for a new type of matter to be found but the properties are probably way off of this "convert other matter into it" because we'd have detected it, surely, or something we know that doesn't make sense is attributable to it.
such an amazing video brother...I thoroughly enjoyed it :)
Love how you use a Default TT Capsule
Does this explain the existence of strange people on the planet?.. I think it could
Wait, if Strange Matter decayed, could it be used to make vaporization guns? As in, forming a sort of mini neutron star, then exploding it at such a velocity that strangelets are shot at the target at such a high speed that part of them turn into strange matter then immediately decay?
Some theories suggest it has an active and an inert state. Theorized to go from active to inert and vice versa after a high energy event.
but if it decayed, it wouldn't turn other matter into strange matter?
@@he3004 I meant launching the strange matter at such a fast speed that it hit something just before it decayed
Hmm, at first I was opposed to the idea, because why would you waste that much energy creating a neutron star when you could just melt anything with a fraction of that energy, but I guess it’s kinda useful on a superhero impervious to heat.
It would be a terrifying weapon. Imagine throwing a particle of strange matter at a planet and the whole thing (including its inhabitants) collapses into a quark star. How do you defend yourself against a projectile that's only a few atoms in size?
Thank you for these high quality videos
5:24 this and other parts of this video look like they'd be very much at home in one of those surreal memes videos
Really nice video. Do you have a video about the fundamental forces from the basics? Also would love the video about quarks! Keep the nice work
Thank you, it's on my list
If it hasn't happened by now, how likely is it to happen at all?
Space as Douglas Adams said is really really big ...really big. It's possible just haven't observed it yet or it could be part of the end phase of the universe, do protons decay? We aren't sure.
Everything that ever happened had a time before it happened.
@@Merilirem Except the big bang, as time itself emerged from that.
Very densely packed with info , just like strange matter is packed with mass! Preferring your channel to the fat and happy pbs space time which stuffs its content with ad reads
Particle physics in Glasgow accent! That is strangely perfect.
Your videos are super informative, you need more subscribers
Thank you. I'm very grateful for all the subscribers that I have.
so would these particles be able to create elements in the same way protons and neutrons can, would they possibly even be able to create stable radioicotopes of elements?
Very interesting and nice video. Many thanks.
I think a stranglet hitting the Sun was a premise for the movie Sunshine. Not sure it got mentioned in the film but prof Briand Cox explained that's what he came up with as science advisor to explain an almost impossible situation of the Sun burning out rapidly and unexpectedly
Quality content
Matter is strange, when you're a stranger
So I'm working on magic system for my game and I was planning on using dark matter as a scientific explanation, this video is really helpful, thank you!
This vid is very well done in every way! Much love :-)
Who ever came up with the idea of calling different
Types of quarks flavours probably really liked gumballs
But this is a strange matter 😂
Everything is looking for a lower energy state.
Basically yes, everything in the universe is lazy!
U definitely different than others who talk about subjects already talked about 10’s of times.. definitely unique & interesting 🧐!!👏👏🙌🏆🥇
When your such a good influence everything changes to you
Comepletely forgot of this channel’s existence 😂
This channel is dope son
If strange matter is so dense, wouldn’t it collapse the object into something like a black hole?
these are some top notch shaders. good job!
Thank you very much. I do my best.
There's an interesting paper somewhere that proposed all black holes could be stars made up of strange matter. It's also theorised that strange matter could exist in the core of a neutron star.
Interesting stuff.
Normally, you need two cats to make a binary purr.
Great video - thanks! Please could you post some links to what you think is the best further info?
Great video. Just found you.... Had to sub and like.
"SCPs don't exist irl!"
*SCP irl*
"Just sloshin' around" new best quote
Meanwhile in the Strange Universe:
"Normal Matter: So normal it's contagious"
I love the names Top and Bottom
Next to matter, antimatter and dark matter, scientists have now discovered an entirely new type of matter called doesn't matter - which seems to have no effect at all 😉
Sweet. You've sold me, I'll buy 10 of them!
Good video 👍👍 thanks
yaaaaaassss queen, another banger vid
Thanks 😊
1. It's unknown whether protons have this really large mean lifetime or just eternally stable.
2. Pauli exclusion principle should be mentioned when talking about neutron stars and strangeness production.
Also, though I'm not completely sure, at these densities neither neutron stars nor quark ones have particles inside their cores jumping around like it's gas or liquid (as shown in the video), I imagine them being squeezed so compactly that they're more than solid. So much more than solid exactly that aforementioned exclusion principle takes over to make neutrons decay into quarks and makes quark-gluon plasma produce strange quarks just to make more "room", i.e. unoccupied quantum states.
That was awesome!
I mean this in the best way possible. listening to this feels like Samwell Tarly explaining physics to me, and it's glorious! :D
Your channel is awesome
Thank you so much 😀
Strange matter looks like a kind of weapon which highly progressed civilizations can use in lore of Three Body Problem.
i’ve seen a couple videos about strange quarks. so i did some research of my own and there are 5 other quarks. up and down make up protons and neutrons and charm quarks that are more dense than up and down quarks, they are found in hadrons witch are subatomic particles. strange quarks are also in hadrons. top quarks are the most dense of all the quarks, when they collide it forms a highly energetic gluon. and bottom quarks are the byproduct of top quarks decay. i couldn’t find much information on top and bottom quarks so please give me any info you have on them
2:32
OMG ITS SIGM-
*kills violently*
I like videos like this and this is beyond what I've learned and seen. I don't know why I'm here. I'm gonna see myself out ✌️
00:39 Why makes up electrons?
03:35 How is the electron produced in the neutron decay, when one of the down quarks turns into an up quark?
"I believe whatever doesn't kill you simply makes you... *stranger..."*
Dude, I played this while napping and had the strangest dream.
Everything is pretty much up, down, top, bottom, charming and strange
If strange quarks are a lower energy than up and down, why don't those quarks decay down to them in normal environments? Does the strange quark only emerge in (probably) the cores of the largest neutron stars? Another question : could neutron stars have a further stage of degeneracy - quark degeneracy? Also, if the neutron star is in a binary system, it could gain matter, evolve into the (hypothetical) quark star state, it might be possible for it to gain enough matter, to become a black hole whilst still being a quark star (is the collapse to a singularity a must?). Just some ideas
The animation of stuff being converted reminds me of the super old Minecraft bacteria mod lmaoo
A TH-camr that doesn't ask for likes, subscribes or comments, bravo, have a comment and a like.
Glad I’m not the only one that thought it was weird the infection scenario hadn’t happened yet
I want to believe that because we always search for answers of the universe, if we ever find or create strange matter we’ll be ready
Strange matter is quite strange.
Love the "strange mattah" 😀
Strange matter: I CAN MAKE EVERY MATTER COMING STRANGE AND NO ONE CAN STOP ME HAHA-
Black hole: bet.
Strange matter: *left the chat*
in other words, strangelets are like a space zombie apocalypse
I don't think I've ever seen someone mention the classes of baryon, you've got to be the first man 👏
1:23 "strange antiquark" just sounds funny
More likely the strange matter has just converted back to regular matter, like heating metals, you can't touch them until they cool. Also to create desirable structures inside atoms to change their interactions, maybe this was the only way larger elements remain stable once produced so they can solidify.
Reminds me of a song by Hawkwind “Quark Strangeness and Charm”
"It's fine, you're stable now!"
Thanks allot for nothing! I'm already having sleepless nights worrying about the 'false vacuum decay' and now you've added 'strange matter' to the list of doomsday events I'll be having nightmares about!! :P
Sorry!
@@LearningCurveScience Hey since I got your attention ;) . You may know the animations misrepresent what would happen if these strangelets interacted with normal matter. It's been stated a teaspoon of neutron star stuff has the mass of mountains (or something like that), and you've shown the strange matter is almost twice as dense as neutron matter. Then would it be correct to show normal matter shrinks at least a billionth it's size during the conversion to stable strange matter, or looking like it's disappeared from view in the animations? Just some of my nitpicking during my long nights contemplating LoL
Also noticed your accent, I think we may be neighbours. Hello from Birmingham :)
very interesting! it seems all matter is just a somewhat stable arrangement of the flux of quarks. if you have radioactive material, wouldn't there need to be another material that's the opposite? like the greatest quarksink that soaks up everything
Well, not all matter is quarks
Everybody gangsta till a funny triangle comes out of neutron star and starts talking about wierdness
This reminds me of the strange matter of my next door neighbor who painted his whole house with a 2 inch brush and that took the contagious!
The entire planet being converted into a uniform mass of exotic matter is the least of my concerns.
3:16
This is a minimum from what I'm aware.
he proton is hypothesised to be fully stable, it's just that experimental observation (i.e. failing to detect any protons decaying) indicates it is very likely more than this time.
It's entirely possible they have a half life of 1 second, and we've just been extremely lucky for the past 13.8billion years XD
My grandmother had cats that existed in a strange neutron purr. :)
No one remembers your name
When you're strange
When you're strange
In a neutron star, the surface is basically made of squished atoms, with roughly equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
The matter becomes much more neutron dense the deeper you go, because a neutron decaying becomes energetically unfavourable - the resulting proton & electron requires more energy, not less.
Strange cores may well exist, but completely converted strange stars could not exist, as strange quarks will decay closer to the surface, just like excess neutrons would.
And a neutron-neutron star collision shreds both neutron stars, thus allowing strange matter to decay.
It could only be stable in the heart of a neutron star. Once released it just adds to the noise of a kilonova.
Another quality video even if I understood nothing of what was presented