Geyser Animation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.ย. 2024
- A cartoon animation of a geyser, showing how it erupts, as well as what happens out of sight, underground. Not much is known about the details of the plumbing systems, so this is only a symbolic representation. But it does address some of the common misconceptions (including the fact that the geyser is not heated directly by "lava", but by hot deep groundwater), and shows a little of what goes on in detail (rising steam bubbles and convection warming the entire water column until it is near boiling throughout). Yes, I need to do a much better, detailed one, with a running clock, a moving P-T diagram & temperature profile, etc. Maybe someday, but for now, here's a rough approximation.
For more information (including one way to build a working model), visit my university webpage:
mypage.iusb.edu...
Special thanks to the men & women of GOSA, who observe geysers as a passion of the heart, and share both that passion and understanding with the world. Credit for the entire idea is due to my 8-year-old daughter Ellie, who wanted Daddy to build her a working geyser. Thank you, Ellie - we did it!
--
Brian Davis
Who is here 11 years later (2020)? Dude this animation is so cool even after 11 years!
Edit: Even in 2024 (15 YEARS LATER) people are still coming haha
Well... I, at least, am still here... although not sure why YT has disassociated all my replies from their original comments. That looks more than a little confusing.
@@brdavis5 it was like that 11 yrs ago i think
@@XandarYT here during my junior year intro to gel gen ed!
Here
Here
Thank you! I'll be putting up a video of an actual model (along with a few clips of real geysers), but wanted to try an animation as well, both for fun/experience, and to answer some of the questions I get. I should have smoothed out the frame transitions (like in the "sinter aging" frames early on) but didn't want to drop 100+ transition effects in iMovie.
Bit of a departure for me; no LEGO :).
AWESOME video. I always wondered how a geyser could erupt, if there was no "cork" sealing the opening. But now I get it! Thank you!
Thank you! I'm glad it helped; there's a lot more to be understood, but I tried to encapsulate the basics.
waaaw so perfect animation
Cool. Thanks for your clear and concise, and illustrated, description. This is great.
@Tampajoe77 Probably more than three... but a lot more got something out of this. And that, after all, was the idea :)
I went to Yellowstone and there's a hot spring near Old Faithful that slowly empties when Old Faithful is building up pressure and then refills after it erupts. Not sure if they're actually connected but this video gave me some explanation.
My six year old asked me how Geysers worked, this animation was linked with Old Faithful. It was clear and simple enough for him to understand, also helped me.
My son has now shown it to his class and made a model.
Thank you very much from Australia.
What if people go near it like really close?
Very happy to hear that :)
I sure did get an A on that my friend, full credit mostly because of your help here, thank you.
Fantastic animation! I’m here because of the Iceland volcano. It’s behaving like a geyser! It’s incredible!
Trying to figure out why some geysers are inconsistent, and ascribing it to the water source or heat source being inconsistent, doesn't help a lot... it just pushes the question back to "why are the water or heat sources inconsistent?".
Geysers it seems are very sensitive systems - so tiny changes (wind direction, air temperature, air pressure, etc.) can be magnified into significant differences in behavior.
So if it really empties, it'd be interesting to stick a mini camera in there real quick to see what it looks inside. Or throw a ferret in there
I also now have a better understanding of how geysers work! Thanks professor :D
@Cozytailmom You're welcome! You might enjoy my video of how to build a model geyser then. I used to have a webpage up about it, but IU has reorganized and I've not gotten them up again yet.
omg man you just saved my life
because thats exactly what i need for my science exam
thanx man :)
Too much patience, probably, but I'm teaching myself to use Photoshop, and this was just one application. Each frame has between 3 and 30 some layers ("digital overlays", or in many case "underlays" to get things clipped to the conduit), but many layers (the conduit system itself for instance) are reused every time, and others are simple layers of a few brushstrokes. The average frame took about 3-5 minutes to draw... although I wasn't even that fast at first.
I struggled to explain my 8 year old son how a geysir works. This really is a great way to explain how it works! Thanks for the job of making this:)
Perhaps you should join him, it is considered that most "true" geysers have a constriction. But there are exceptions. Almost all hot springs can erupt if you release the pressure of the cold water on the top of the system, this can occur through the pool dropping it's level, increasing it's temperature, or possibly from a lowering of barometric pressure. You are correct in saying that you don't need a constriction for eruptive activity, but it is thought most geysers need one to be regular. .
Thanks for taking something so complicated and making it so understandable. Great video. I now know how a geyser works.
2 new geysers were erupting in Oklahoma this year
The clearest explination ever! (Better than my teachers). Now thinking about it, why do we need school anyway? There are so many channels that do stuff better than boring teachers.
@JSKaufeld You are very welcome. I really need to re-do this with some added material (and a better animation), but it seems to help a fair number of people just like this. I'm glad it helped. And if they get really interested, note that you can build a working (and fairly safe!) model in your kitchen with a cheap hotplate as the heat source (see my other geyser video, "CPVC Model Geyser" for some examples).
@auburn2amd Glad you like it... in my case, it was learning how (not( to do long animations in Photoshop :). But it was actually a lot of fun drawing it all, and learning... and yes, learning about geysers and the way (we think) they function.
"...can erupt if you release the pressure of the cold water on the top of the system, this can occur through the pool dropping it's level, increasing it's temperature, or possibly from a lowering of barometric pressure."
Note that many geysers are actually superheated at the *top* of the column... so I'm not sure if you consider this "cold water". A pool "dropping its level" has to take place through some mechanism... and spilling over can't do it.
Straight forward and simple.
Amazing man
...... Nor can just heating it up (hot water exerts the very same pressure, becasue it has the same mass). Barometric pressure changes can lower the hydrostatic pressure at depth... and while there is some correlation on a few rare geysers with barometric pressure, the causative mechanism is uncertain.
Question: at Yellowstone (Grand Geyser I think it was) the geyser was surrounded by a huge pool of water. If the water "fills" the geyser chamber then, Why does the pool surrounding the geyser completely drain down into the geyser mouth minutes before it erupts???? What's up with that?
@supercj8899 Well... sort of. Kinda. It's more like a pressure cooker, but instead of a lid bolted on, you have a long column of water keeping the pressure high. For a boiling pot of water, you really don't care that the top surface of the water is higher than the bottom (it's not significant). For a geyser, that difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the water column is critical. But, essentially... it really is (conceptually!) this simple.
My six-year-old is obsessed with geysers, volcanos and earth quakes right now. He loved your video. Thanks!
Beautiful description - thanks.
@sevadar31855 I'm really happy it helps. Note that you can build model geysers using simple plumbing supplies (one of my other YT videos). I had a web page up for it, but its not active at the moment (need to get on that).
Great detailed animation! Thank you so much, it has to have taken ages to draw the animation...
+Mirko V Yeah… it wasn't the fastest way of doing it. but it was fun.
@bloodandwinearered I'm glad you found it interesting and helpful. I'd really love to do a better job on this sometime, but... it seems to work pretty well as is. One word of warning - real geysers can be amazingly more subtle and complicated than this. But this gives a rough idea of at least the basic mechanism. I've been experimenting with models to try to refine some details... but it's very tricky. At least for me.
Hi, hope you are well, and thanks for this animation. I came across it because I considering making a similar animation, with my own ideas about how geysers are formed and how they might work. I agree, the physics are quite complicated to say the least and perhaps unknowable on some many levels. I'd venture to say you've correctly covered at least some of the basics of what may be going on down there, and wondered if you had ever worked on expanding this as you'd mentioned.
Best regards- Rick
i never have expanded on this... I'd still like to, just haven't had the time.@@Rick-the-Swift
@TonyN737 Thank you so much for giving me that feedback. I never thought this video would be referenced nearly as often as it has been, and I'm humbled and very, VERY happy that I've been able to help out a number of people (old and young!) to get a little bit better understanding of the world around them. Thank you for letting me know.
I just wish I could do these things justice... real geysers are amazing, interesting, and complex systems, and this animation just barely begins to show them.
Thank you. A simple excellent explanation
I was thinking about why some geysers are so much more variable than others. Seems there's a few obvious variables. Either their water source is inconsistent, their heat source is inconsistent, or for some reason pressures equalize such that there is not an explosive eruption (were the ones I thought of.) I wondered about water sources and/or reservoir sizes. Seems to me a geyser could have plumbing such that incoming water filling it's reservoirs is inconsistent.
Perfectly detailed explaination. Awesome.
@Skaushik98 Wonderful - I'm really glad she liked it, and hopefully learned something from it. She might like seeing the model ones I've built as well (that video explains it some more, and you get to see the boiling in detail). And, of course... you can build them yourself as well :).
Awesome video!!! Now I have a better understanding of how geysers work. Yellowstone is on my bucket list of places to visit. This is just down my ally way as I am big on Geology.
+agentM1991 Enjoy! There are lots of folks in Yellowstone who are dedicated "geyser gazers" who form a very good citizen scientist network, monitoring the geysers there.
I've been to Yellowstone - it's awesome and totally worth it. :)
One of my favorite national parks. Absolutely love it
Thanks , interesting to have it visualised. But how does a cold water geyser work ?
In a similar fashion actually - in a 'cold water geyser', it's dissolved gases that are kept in solution due to the increased pressure, instead of water kept in a liquid due to increased pressure. But both work similarly, in that a release of pressure drives the gas in to bubbles which reduce the pressure further, leading to a runaway.
@ZiggyDaLizzy I would love to hear more about it (your research, if you wish) :)
@aukanmeister You are very welcome - it's wonderful to hear that my very simple YT video is helping teach someone :).
@maxim2465 Shown what without stopping? The animation never pauses... it's just not a completely smooth animation because I hand-drew each frame, and... smoother would have taken even more frames.
That was some next-level animation! It's like we were there.
Glad I could help :)
does pitch cause the heating process and can a pit form more rapidly
but why doesnt it find equilibrium and just constantly boil and steam somewhat instead of pulsing back and forth between nothing and then eruption?
Some systems don't reach a steady equilibrium - think of things like predator/prey cycles. It's a balance between water inflow and heat inflow... too much heat, and you have a steady boiling spring. Too much water, and you have a steady warm artesian spring. But somewhere in the middle (with a certain plumbing system), there is a third possibility which is stable cyclic eruptions.
Thanks for this :)
Well done! Worth the work you put into it, seriously. Now you know why the credits are so long for those animated feature films... ;-)
Oh I still use the NXT extensively... including in instrumenting physical models like this (see my webpage referenced in the video). It's just this is my 1st YT video that doesn't star LEGO as a leading attraction.
"You are correct in saying that you don't need a constriction for eruptive activity, but it is thought most geysers need one to be regular."
The models are just as regular with or without one (well, actually the models are *more* regular without one). Only one geyser conduit (Old Faithful) has been imaged to any significant extent, and it *does* have a constriction. But in the majority of cases... we simply have no idea what the geometry of the system is.
Does the plumbing moves as continent moves or it remain constant like mentle plume
What is the reason of water from below being super heated ?
Generally, it's due to an input of very hot steam from much deeper in the system. This heats up the water. Note that often the entire ground around and under these is already very hot.
My school research as well! Thank you!
Very nice and informative video... thank you for this! Now I don't have to browse through thousands of pages on Wikipedia to get to the understanding you gave in less than 3 minutes.
how do you spell the mineral found in geyser plumbing systems (to help it keep compact)
Wow, great video, thank you for making this! It's so clear and concise my kid loved it and so informative it gave me a much fuller understanding of something I had vaguely understood before. Awesome!
@brdavis5
I sure enjoyed it.. thanks to you and those involved woot!
Ok thank you so much me and my family loved ur teaching TY!
Reservoirs and water sources: the water sources seem to be 2-fold: deep water from underground (identified by the ion ratio of various substances... research "geothermometer") as well as shallow, surface-derived waters. As to reservoir size... you have to define what you mean by "reservoir". The volume erupted? The volume erupted plus what is left over in the immediate plumbing system? The total local water table? The question needs more definition before you can look for a clear answer.
I am totally doing a presentation on this and showing it to my family.
Very interesting - thanks for your video.
You're welcome - I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Did I just find this 15 yrs later?
hey liked your animation but what's a "mitake"
You did a great job on this!
I have alot surface ground water and I think it's been erupting and weird cracks on my property
Cute educational movie, my daughter and I enjoyed it. Thanks so much!
can u tell us how the plumming system if formed?
@LittleBritGamer You mean you're doing research on this right now?
"Perhaps you should join him..."
Well... I have. I've reviewed the literature. I've authored a peer-reviewed paper on geyser physics and modeling. I've read old papers that show that no constriction is required, as well as recent ones. I've put constrictions in and out of models to see what changes this produced (little to none).... the conclusion seems to be a constriction is *not* necessary. Based on the evidence.
Is there a reason there are two outlets at the top?
Yes, actually. Beehive geyser in Yellowstone has two clearly related outlets, and many geysers have multiple outlets. So it's not an unusual situation, and I wanted to show ONE way both could function.
Like so many other Commenters, my kid (4 y/o girl) asked how a geyser works. I said "Well, when hot water ... uh ... boils up from ... uh ... " I know how it works but how do I explain it to a 4 y/o? ... Hey, I know, I'll look it up on TH-cam! Haha! Thanks for giving her a visual! Great job on the vid.
Thanks
What aspect of this theory do you regard as broken?
@yamba01 It is illegal (seriously!) to throw *anything* into a geyser in Yellowstone (and yes, they are very serious about it). So I think a ferret is right out :). As far as lowering a camera in... believe it or not, it's been done, more than a decade ago. Google "camera in old faithful kieffer" and take a look at the links. This is the only time the inside of a functioning geyser has been seen to my knowledge. It was informative.
Sinter, or siliceous sinter, or geyserite... it has a lot of names.
What is the mineral called on the conduit? Centre? How do you spell it?
thanx alot
OMG Epic MSPaint skillz! How many frames?
I have few qiestions. What are super heated water from below. Where it origimed and why its not hot magma from core. From where those super heated water comes. Another question what is the origin of oxygen. Do you think the oxygen origined from those bubbles from the super heated water from the imside?? Hope you eill answer soon. Thanks.
Sorry but he ain't gonna answer that question this was in 2009
@@rodneynorman8965 But I got many answers in other videos of different subscribers. But may be you are correct. May be he stopped to add any videos or died.
I'm not dead yet ;) But, I have been busy with other things.
The water is heated from below because the rocks deeper down are hot. They are essentially still hot (still cooling) from when the volcano erupted much earlier. Magma (liquid rock) is present, but deeper down - and water that drains deeper and closer to that, heats to the point of being superheated steam, and that high-pressure super-hot steam comes up. when it encounters shallow groundwater, it heats that ground water close to the boiling point. That's the source for the energy driving these eruptions.
As to oxygen... that's a different subject. But there is a LOT of oxygen on Earth, locked up in rocks (as silicon dioxide, a mineral known as quartz, and others) and as water (just hydrogen and oxygen). Plants can split water in to hydrogen and oxygen and use that as a source of hydrogen... the oxygen is a 'waste product' that they release. That's the source of the Earth oxygen-rich atmosphere.
Geysers do not have long, narrow conduits as once thought. Instead, bubble traps form inbetween jumbled boulders deposited by landslides.
+Tag Wolf Well, perhaps… and perhaps not. :)
Some recent models (published peer-reviewed models) have shown that a bubble trap configuration will work… but you can also build models that very convincingly replicate not just simple behavior, but more complex behavior like Turban triggering Grand with models that do not incorporate bubble traps. Actual video from within geysers points to both possibilities as well (in Kamchatca, the geysers are mostly in complex talus style deposits, with lots of possibilities… yet in Yellowstone, most geyser systems that have been plumbed or imaged are direct vertical narrow conduits). There's also temperature data that show some geysers (Old Faithful for example) go supercritical *at the top*, not at the bottom, and erupt in a "top down" not "bottom up" fashion (no bubble trap there). Both Geyser and Stokkur (two famous geysers in Iceland) also appear to have no bubble trap system, but are simple vertical shafts with boiling starting on the bottom (and that's pretty well established by temperature measurements as well there).
Take a look at the geology of the Yellowstone geyser basins… they are certainly not talus-based (recent sediments, fine grained, over rhyolitic base layers multiple tens of meters down).
the coolest paint animation I have seen haha ;)
very good, you time was not wasted...
@NotreDameGirl77 Are you still over at ND? I'm literally down the road at IUSB... and can show you have to make a functional in-the-classroom model :)
Oh I learned something useful. problem is no heard for years about volcanic actions.. super volcano or not
Thank you
lego man has many subs nice video love u videos
basicly, a water volcanoe
Dr. Davis, this is a really nice piece that I will use to instruct my Earth Science learners. Great work! One question: Are geysers ever associated with travertines?
+Nicholas Horianopoulos I'm really glad this helps - if you want a fun project, note that you can build a model geyser with some simple materials (like a beaker, a hot plate, and some CPVC pipe).
Might be a cool addition to the lesson on volcanoes and associated features.
Very informative, cute animation!
Thanks! Good to hear.
maybe u could have shown it without stoping? but other whys great :)
Thank you .. My daughter loved it
Very good video, but the credits were even better!
Lol! I'm glad you enjoyed them, and stayed to the end to watch them! Yeah, after putting something like this together, I sometimes feel that the process was more important than the result… I have a tendency to put "interesting" commentary in a lot of my video credit crawls.
Thanks it is very helpful
@fireskull123456789 Glad it helped. What's your project?
And the contain silica?
Generally, yes - silica is dissolved from rocks deeper and at higher temperatures, and than precipitates out nearer the surface.