Alfred Hitchcock’s Long Takes - Directing Techniques from 'Rope'

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ก.พ. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 227

  • @StudioBinder
    @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Chapters:
    00:00 - Intro to the Hitchcock's Rope
    00:51 - How Hitchcock thinks about Perspective
    01:43 - Technique 1: Long Takes
    04:44 - Technique 2: Blocking & Staging
    07:05 - Technique 3: Invisible Editing
    09:33 - Takeaways

  • @quickfilmmakingtips2870
    @quickfilmmakingtips2870 2 ปีที่แล้ว +108

    Interesting fact about rope: for the moment where you hear the siren and crowd outside the apartment, Hitchcock grabbed a mic and was hanging out the window of a studio backlot recording whilst a large group of people and a siren made noise. He really takes care of the details and ensured the audio was realistic rather than using a sfx from the studio’s collection

  • @RatedRKO269
    @RatedRKO269 2 ปีที่แล้ว +72

    Alfred Hitchcock is one of my favorite filmmakers. Rope is one of those films that is seldom talked about so I’m really glad to see it getting some love here.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      It's well worth studying

  • @jamesbali1300
    @jamesbali1300 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Incredible! I can't believe this was pulled in 1948. Continuous shots are a nightmare to get right, today, let alone 75 years ago..I guess that's why Hitchcock is Hitchcock..Amazing content as always StudioBinder! Forever in your debt, for the amount of knoweldge that you happily share with us, for free. Keep it up!

  • @CluelessIndianGamer
    @CluelessIndianGamer 2 ปีที่แล้ว +51

    It's safe to say that he was way ahead of his time. A legend indeed!

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Set the groundwork for a lot of great films today 💯

    • @matheus5230
      @matheus5230 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      And made many great films himself!

    • @a_23656
      @a_23656 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      he set the ground for blockbuster movies

  • @Zed-fq3lj
    @Zed-fq3lj ปีที่แล้ว +3

    So underrated movie! Brilliant, absolutely brilliant!

  • @lilmilontiktok
    @lilmilontiktok 2 ปีที่แล้ว +54

    I can tell from the title alone that this will be one of the best Studio Binder videos.

    • @hoseinbagheri7219
      @hoseinbagheri7219 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I never see bad content from them so far

    • @Quietcold007
      @Quietcold007 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Still waiting for StudioBinder to do a TH-cam video about how to Title a Great TH-cam Video!.

    • @effieskitsa
      @effieskitsa 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@hoseinbagheri7219 Exactly.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Let us know what you think!

  • @ChrisWake
    @ChrisWake 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Can't ever get enough of Hitchcock and his techniques. Absolutely masterful how much planning goes into his films even before the script's ever assembled.
    Thank you Studiobinder for keeping these iconic names fresh in the audience's minds.

  • @lucinematic
    @lucinematic 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    I love long shots in movies. It's another level of scene choreography, fascinating

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      When done right, it's something to behold

  • @madhavkrishnan9251
    @madhavkrishnan9251 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    Wow! This is getting personal with every video! I made a project about filming and cameras in school and I particularly explained about Rope 1948. This is amazing!

  • @rodprod8522
    @rodprod8522 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    This analysis is a work of art in itself!

  • @dancross1968
    @dancross1968 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The first time I watched this film, I fell in love with it. I was so gripped by the storyline and the suspense, yet amazed that it was all taking place in one setting. I think it's truly a masterpiece of 'simple' filmmaking - a great story, great acting, and great directing, without the need for special effects and expansive locations.

  • @daniellatteo_thefilmmaker
    @daniellatteo_thefilmmaker 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Now, that's a serious director!! One of the true all-time Masters of cinema.
    Rope is such a perfect example of Hitchcock's theory and philosophy about cinema-- "Two people are riding in a car placidly. Now, imagine there's a time bomb under that car... and the clock is ticking." Just a brilliant way to represent tension!!❤‍🔥💥🎥

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Took his principles and showed it literally on screen haha

  • @Kennethmarchant9705
    @Kennethmarchant9705 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    How many times I have tell you guy are amazing!!! Truly an educational TH-cam channel. You deserve more subscribers! Keep it going!!!

  • @Jekkyboi
    @Jekkyboi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +59

    To me the visible cuts are more "invisible" than the invisible cuts. It didnt even occur to me there were visible edits to reactions untill you pointed it out. It was so natural I assumed the whole film was going for the one-shot.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      Hitchcock was going for the feel of a one shot but wasn't as obsessed with "hiding" every cut

  • @d4mdcykey
    @d4mdcykey 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This is the first film I recall utterly absorbing me as a child in the 1970's, in some ways it was responsible for my fascination and obsession with filmmaking to this day, 40+ years later.

  • @nabeelmirza6060
    @nabeelmirza6060 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    After watching this video, I love 'Rope' even more. Thanks a lot Studiobinder. Expecting more video lectures on my fav Mr Hitchcock.

  • @KatlegoMasego
    @KatlegoMasego 2 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    Since there aren't any cuts, a long take smoothly draws us into the space via continuous look at the setting and moving parts.

  • @richardgreen49
    @richardgreen49 ปีที่แล้ว

    My favorite Director, hands down! Brilliant, ahead of his time, and supremely skillful in exploiting available resources.

  • @hoseinbagheri7219
    @hoseinbagheri7219 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    I recently watched this movie and I can say your content was really helpful.TY🙏

  • @NDF1138
    @NDF1138 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This has always been in my top 10 films since I was a kid in the early 90s, it’s amazing.
    Also I’m the owner of the Hand-Drawn "Rope" Storyboards, Set Diagrams & Camera Directions, etc. it’s magic to see.
    It’s amazing to see the actual thought process of how Hitchcock shot the film 🎥 ✨

  • @chriswright4677
    @chriswright4677 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Another superb StudioBinder video.

  • @AbhishekGupta-rg2jv
    @AbhishekGupta-rg2jv 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    each hitchcock's film made me love cinema it develops my taste as a cinephile.

  • @cessnaace
    @cessnaace 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I started working in Television at the local level in 1979. The second station that I worked for, from '82 to '87 (WAWS; now WFOX), bought every movie package it could get its hands on (most aired from 16mm prints). I explained to one of the other Operations Engineers what the reason was behind the Cue Mark, or Switchover Cue (yes, 16mm TV prints had them too, although we didn't use them). She hadn't known, and was surprised that I did. I knew because I got to know the editors in the Film Department.

  • @dice268926
    @dice268926 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Hitchcock was so AMAZING 👏
    He's still teaching us 🎥
    .. Great video as usual guys

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      The guy was a walking masterclass 💯

  • @CarletonTorpin
    @CarletonTorpin 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    8:24 - Looking at the waveform of the movie’s audio, it’s evident that the actors were given an extra second of runtime after their last or before their first line. My guess is that this allows for a sloppy changeover by a projectionist, while still providing a smooth edit for the audience. Thanks to Studio Binder for a great reminder of this movie’s ingenuity.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hitchcock thought of everything

  • @mehdihbabou5290
    @mehdihbabou5290 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    More Hitchcock Please !!

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      We're not done with him yet ;)

  • @matts2581
    @matts2581 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    ~3.20, and 6.12: Use of metronome and accelerated at 6.07. ...Love a metronome. :P

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      An interestingly cinematic device

  • @kilozac
    @kilozac 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I enjoy this film so much, that suspense shot making my heart beat harder, what an artist. Impresive.

  • @imageofimagination3079
    @imageofimagination3079 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Please make a video on THE DEPARTED because there are many story telling techniques used and mainly the ICONIC opening scene a long take!

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for the suggestion!

  • @jasonjohnson4803
    @jasonjohnson4803 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Rope (and rear window) are two my favorite movies.

  • @nicolasnelson7752
    @nicolasnelson7752 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I don't ever remember any studio binder movies about hitcock. I'm really glad you made this though. I'll have to watch Rope, anyway keeping making videos about Hitcock.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      we have one on Vertigo! th-cam.com/video/6K9yi163S4E/w-d-xo.html

  • @prianah85
    @prianah85 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Paul Gregory's voice makes this particular video even more compelling.

  • @kal-elmusic
    @kal-elmusic 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    You guys are simply the best. I am always excited to see a new video from you

  • @zeinhaydar8780
    @zeinhaydar8780 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hitchcock is the father of the cinematic creativity

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      One of the founding fathers haha

  • @afro4847
    @afro4847 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This video is full of suspense

  • @binaldoshi495
    @binaldoshi495 ปีที่แล้ว

    I just watched Rope for the first time two days ago. Rewatched the "something something" scene so many times. I couldn't believe that it was just going on and on.

  • @rijin9460
    @rijin9460 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    "Rope" is my most favorite of Hitchcock. Rear Window, Birds and Dail M for Murder are other favs

    • @monsieurgolem3392
      @monsieurgolem3392 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Better than Maltese Falcon thats for sure.

  • @MrJohnlennon007
    @MrJohnlennon007 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My favourite movie of all time with James Stewart being my favourite actor.

  • @sicilypitts7333
    @sicilypitts7333 ปีที่แล้ว

    That is one of my all time favorites!

  • @NikosHania
    @NikosHania 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    In this way increased the suspense!

  • @jermeycombs3602
    @jermeycombs3602 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Please Make 2 Part Videos -- Lighting Scenes 1 for Wide Shot /Stedycam Shot for Moving Actors, and Lighting Scenes 2 for Medium/Close Up Shots for Stationary Actors.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the suggestion!

  • @nandinhars8
    @nandinhars8 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I loved it! I've been looking so long for videos like this!!! Thank u very much!!!!

  • @joaquinhernandez6940
    @joaquinhernandez6940 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Happy 4th of July everyone! Thanks for the new video StudioBinder

  • @basantalimbu5274
    @basantalimbu5274 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    watching from Nepal. Thanks for supporting video.

  • @OirichEntertainment
    @OirichEntertainment 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    My absolute favorite Hitchcock film. Every scene and every line of dialogue is masterfully crafted.

  • @maxpears1
    @maxpears1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great video! I need to watch Rope now. Thanks again for all hard work

  • @shazid1891
    @shazid1891 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Hitchcock the master of suspense, visual storytelling and cinema.

  • @Mikemenn
    @Mikemenn 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    There's only two voices in StudioBinder ... John P. Hess and whoever ^^^this guy^^^ is with his warm, deep, grandfatherly-explaining tone telling you everything your parents wouldn't tell you when you were young. :)

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      we're the film parents you never had

    • @Mikemenn
      @Mikemenn 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@StudioBinder Perfect response! Love it.

  • @vicentecampos2893
    @vicentecampos2893 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I always love The Rope. Another great video.

  • @iamnottim.
    @iamnottim. 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love, love, love this movie.

  • @AlleyKatPr0
    @AlleyKatPr0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    "Do the right thing" Spike Lee used a lot of these techniques when framing/composing, and he added the time of day, heat/color and music to change what is all shot on one city block, through lots and lots of panning shots alternating between the subjective and objective framing.

    • @JunebugPresents
      @JunebugPresents 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Not really.

    • @AlleyKatPr0
      @AlleyKatPr0 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@JunebugPresents So, talk to Spike - he is the one who said it, not me

    • @JunebugPresents
      @JunebugPresents 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AlleyKatPr0 Ah. It wasn't something you saw, it is what you heard. It makes all the sense in the world to share that bit of info.

    • @AlleyKatPr0
      @AlleyKatPr0 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@JunebugPresents It's known as "paraphrasing"

    • @JunebugPresents
      @JunebugPresents 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@AlleyKatPr0 I hear you. But I saw both films many times and don't see the connection. But if Lee says so, whatever.

  • @juju10683
    @juju10683 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    this is fantastic. Another film I love with long takes is called The Cure. It isnt quite as striking as this, but most scenes are one long take.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Nice!

    • @juju10683
      @juju10683 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@StudioBinder in retrospect it makes sense because it is a horror film about hypnotism. Long takes draw you in like hypnosis.

  • @SilentDropsProduction
    @SilentDropsProduction 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Master of suspense!

  • @jackiezhao519
    @jackiezhao519 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You guys are amazing 🙂

  • @Shubhyea
    @Shubhyea 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is gonna be one of your best videos🔥

  • @theashtubereviews
    @theashtubereviews ปีที่แล้ว

    Fantastic video. Rooe is my favourite movieand youts is easily one of tge best videos I have seen on it

  • @sadrasahranavard1684
    @sadrasahranavard1684 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hitchcock was a masterpiece

  • @norijean3279
    @norijean3279 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are very wise, sir, this video should be presented in film schools 🙏

  • @1minutecomicswalahollywood648
    @1minutecomicswalahollywood648 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hitchcock
    The legend.

  • @Vitaliuz
    @Vitaliuz 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    _- "That's all for this evening. I think we shall be back another time with another story. Until then, good night."_

  • @jamesdrynan
    @jamesdrynan 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    My only quibble about Rope is that it is basically a filmed stage play. The acting was also over-theatrical for my taste. As an examination of Hitchcock's technique, it's illuminating.

  • @JunebugPresents
    @JunebugPresents 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Rope is one of my favorite Hitchcock films. The long takes plus the suspense were amazing. The oner is part of my style. No one does it better than Spielberg.

  • @Adel2utube
    @Adel2utube 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    maaan, i loved this movie.

  • @CarletonTorpin
    @CarletonTorpin 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    9:10 - “Criss-cross; we’ll switch edits! It’s perfect!”

  • @andrewjones4605
    @andrewjones4605 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Would love to see a video on M. Night Shyamalans long takes

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      We have a directing styles breakdown on him here! th-cam.com/video/6sLMF23PNck/w-d-xo.html

  • @inquadroinquadri
    @inquadroinquadri 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    true masterpiece

  • @rocktaker8839
    @rocktaker8839 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best technician and master of fear

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Creating screams to this day

  • @krishnansrinivasan830
    @krishnansrinivasan830 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome & Thanks :)

  • @greytoeimp
    @greytoeimp 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You should make a video about the unquantifiable aspects of a film that make it great 😮consider it a challenge!

  • @timbonnarens
    @timbonnarens 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Brilliant

  • @pedroesteves3018
    @pedroesteves3018 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    i better watch the movie before your video ahaha, i will come back later

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It'll be here when you're ready :)

    • @pedroesteves3018
      @pedroesteves3018 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      im back! great video !!!

  • @louiscarpon3412
    @louiscarpon3412 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Rope is one of the best films of all time

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's a fun watch for sure

  • @Naughty-jq2gg
    @Naughty-jq2gg 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you❤🌹🙏

  • @zmn.ridwan
    @zmn.ridwan 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    StudioBinder, I want a episode on legendary techniques of "Satyajit Roy"

  • @antonioangelo4492
    @antonioangelo4492 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    For the next video where you analize long takes I suggest The Northman of Robert Eggers!

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      We just might!

    • @antonioangelo4492
      @antonioangelo4492 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, it has such cool sequences. I don't know if the style of that movie is just for the sake of the aesthetics or it has an actual purpose. I think it just makes you immerse yourself in the past, viewing the rawness of that contest. Rawness is one the big theme of the movie, I mean.

  • @1990kurder
    @1990kurder 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Yet another good dive

  • @StarTrackerChannel
    @StarTrackerChannel 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video! Do you think you can make one on writing dystopian stories (for film, of course) next?

  • @shazanali692
    @shazanali692 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    For some unknown reason the movie gave me nightmares, I felt claustrophobic and anxious afterwards

  • @tesconstamylo
    @tesconstamylo 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    YES

  • @themightykabool
    @themightykabool 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    An interesting extrapolation from this would be plays-movie (if you havent already done so)
    Examples
    Rope.
    Carnage.
    Deathtrap.

  • @adil7188
    @adil7188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Could you do a video about the form and the function of news report.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Is that a movie?

    • @adil7188
      @adil7188 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@StudioBinder no it's not. It's just the normal tv news.

  • @jamestwymanmedia6684
    @jamestwymanmedia6684 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    If your ever doing long takes again please do the film “Boiling Point”. It was shot in one 90 minute take and it’s a wonderful film

  • @bollywoodfightactionreacti9189
    @bollywoodfightactionreacti9189 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice 👍🙂

  • @grootism5103
    @grootism5103 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Studio binder I have a suggestion for you , there is a film industry called malayalam film industry in the state of kerala . There were somany longtakes in Malayalam movies . Director lijo Jose pellisheri is famous for his works . If you have seen a long scene of Malik movie you will be stunned . I wish you will suddenly move your face to Malayalam movies .

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the suggestion!

  • @jonathansampson7973
    @jonathansampson7973 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    brother can u please make a editing breakdown of tenet, please?

  • @hopsiepike
    @hopsiepike ปีที่แล้ว

    Never take what Hitchcock said at face value. He was notoriously deceptive in interviews (except for Truffaut’s). The only reason Hitchcock really thought Rope was a failure is because it didn’t make money (he liked his creature comforts).
    Rope is now recognized as one of his greats, and I would argue the first film that includes all the hallmarks of his best period. (He would perfect his formula with Rear Window 6 years later.)

  • @bishnuprasadsahu9406
    @bishnuprasadsahu9406 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do a video on opening of "La La Land"

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the suggestion!

  • @johnstrange6799
    @johnstrange6799 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How have I never seen this film?

  • @ameerwrites1252
    @ameerwrites1252 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Please make video's on screenwriting

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Any topic in particular?

  • @astrid2577
    @astrid2577 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    genius

  • @chienchiteng1792
    @chienchiteng1792 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Ming-liang Tsai❤️

  • @deontaywilson4624
    @deontaywilson4624 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I hate to disagree with Hitchcock, but 'Rope' was NOT a failed experiment. It's genius.

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Definitely a fun watch

  • @yannberte8291
    @yannberte8291 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You should study (at least read) the book "Hitchcock Truffaut" and specially what "Hitch" said to François Truffaut about the problem of The Rope : a self-criticism that reasons like a strangulation... ;-)

  • @AldyPradana17
    @AldyPradana17 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼

  • @area51pictures
    @area51pictures 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Seriously, not going to mention in this how Hitchcock actually felt about Rope? He thought this approach didn't work.

    • @johnp515
      @johnp515 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      He did mention it. 9:36

  • @amsalpower
    @amsalpower 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I showed this movie to my friend Mario, all he noticed is that movie is in black and white

  • @makienxhemmiktar
    @makienxhemmiktar 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I wish we had more "failed experiments" like these nowadays...........

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hitchcock's failures still make interesting viewings

  • @increase9896
    @increase9896 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    why is closed captioning always on automatically? is this a problem on my end or is this a thing that is coming from the uploader?

    • @StudioBinder
      @StudioBinder  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It's an automatic function!

    • @increase9896
      @increase9896 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@StudioBinder OK cool. good to know that it is an intentional thing. Also, I love your channel. I watch every single episode!

  • @RobAGabor
    @RobAGabor 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I wish my “failures” were as good as Rope.