Great video -- thanks for all the effort you put into it! I worked at a TV station in California and made quite a few visits to the transmitter -- always in awe of the sheer size of everything out there. Truly massive.
Back in the mid '70s I was just starting to go off to Linn Technical College to turn my electronics hobby into my career. I was also working part time where my Dad worked, and they had an ultrasonic welder that wasn't working. I looked at it a bit, but the technology was beyond me at the time. So my Dad hired an engineer to fix it on a Saturday. I got to watch and learn, and then the engineer took me to downtown St. Louis to see the transmitter for 98.1 FM (then KSLQ) in the top of the Marquette Building. Same type of equipment and huge "copper pipe" coax we see in this video, but on a smaller scale. Too many years ago to remember that engineer's name, but I fondly recall the experience, and appreciate being reminded of it through this video. Thank you!
That's amazing to hear! My Dad worked on KYKY for a few decades as it was owned by EZ Communications, then CBS Radio, then Entercom, now Audacy (probably another owner or two I don't remember)-that's one of the two stations we looked at in our Supertower video!
@Jeff Geerling I was actually wondering if it was him that I went with to see the facility. Don't recall when KSLQ changed to KYKY. Also, I've noticed there's a newer station in town using the KSLQ call letters! Downtown St. Louis has grown up so much, and I don't go down there that often. But I did recently drive through there and saw the Marquette Building hidden amongst some taller buildings. No more tower and antenna on top, though.
I worked at Best Buy when rhat HD Trinitron TV was on sale. I believe there were two, a 34 and a 36. There were other TVs that were progressive scan but that was in fact the ONLY glass tube HDTV sold. I was one of only two people in the store who could lift it upbto the display shelf because at the edges there's 6 inches of leaded glass. I know this because I've seen one dropped on the ground and there really is 6" thick glass. It needs that because while the screen is flat on the front, the tube scans across a curved surface inside of it so the further off center you get, the thicker the glass. It's MASSIVE!
I remember seeing what I thought was a Philips HDTV in the waiting room at the cable company. Maybe it was a Sony. More recently someone was giving away one of the Sony models on Craigslist.
it was pretty much a special giant glass lens bonded to the front of a CRT to "flatten" the face and picture out. I recall some of the big hype around them, but only ever seen two of them and I date back to the start of VHS and Microsoft(lol).
Man…. Wish I would have known you guys were going to be shooting there Jeff.. I am Joe’s building mate and take care of that little LP TV in the small cell building for HSN/QVC. The the other Satellite dish delivers our main channel and a few subs. The rest are delivered over IP. Love the content. Keep it up!
We used to have a couple repeaters at the 970 foot level on the 1000' Channel 11 tower in Decatur, GA about 25 years ago. That tower had an elevator, and it would take 11 minutes to go up and 9 minutes to come down. The elevator controls were really sketchy. They operated in the 27MHz band, and were prone to interference. More than once we'd engage the controller to go or down, and the sometimes the car would just stop. We always made sure to have a person on the ground near the manual controls to getting us going again. Besides servicing our repeaters, I'd take my good SLR camera with a telephoto lens up there. Also spent more than a few hours on roof of the Tower Place building and a few the other tall buildings.
Interference? On 27 MHz? What could possibly be on that band? 🤔 😁 Besides a ton of CB radios, I've also worked on garage door openers, radio-controlled cars, and even a dog training collar that all used 27 MHz signals. They all used the non-CB frequencies that CBers called "A" channels.
Another fantastic video! Thank you so much to you and your dad for putting together such a great TV. I live in the UK and have always wondered how all these transmission towers etc. work and now I know :)
This video brings back memories. My Dad has been in Radio-TV Engineering since the 1960s. I remember being with him when they pulled out the old tube systems and went from a whole room to 2 rack units and how different everything looked.
Yeah I know I asked my Dad about them-I believe they've been unused for a few years now, but not sure if they are just going to leave them until a new antenna upgrade someday or not.
@@GeerlingEngineering I wouldn't climb it, or pay someone to climb it to remove something unused. I'd wait until it posed a hazard or until the space was needed. Talking of climbing, are you going to go up one sometime? You know, just for the clicks? Ah go on! 😁 BTW, these are my favourite series of videos. Keep it up...
Hello, I live in Brazil and I love these explanations of transmitters and tv stations, I subscribed to the channel to learn more about all this...knowledge is power. Big hug.
I have not long retired from this work & I still miss it. After 55 years I have to find another hobby if I can, going to be hard to beat ! Excellent video guys, Cheers !
Thanks, Jeff. I absolutely love this type of content you are putting out. Your dad is doing a great job of breaking down all the gear. Keep the content coming. BTW, you are looking a lot better than when you were updating us about your condition.
Fantastic; brought back such memories for me. In past lives I was on the technical crews at TV stations KVIQ & KEET, then me and another guy (Ray Hansen of Midwest Tower) built the first FM radio tower in Moab Utah, and this was followed with a stint as an Earth-station microwave technician at Echostar. You could say I have RF running through my veins. Subscribed, and looking forward to perusing more of your videos. Thank you.
Having grown up in St. Louis, I recall several fond memories of KSDK NewsChannel 5, touring their studios in the 80s with my Cub Scout den and meeting some of its local personalities. Moreover, I was always fascinated by the tech side of radio and TV broadcasting, so seeing this video brings things full circle for me and leaves me with a whole new appreciation for their operation. Thank you guys so much.
Another great video guys. I have driven by the KSD/KSDK tower a bunch in my lifetime here in St. Louis.. My Dad used to work in store on Gravois not far from there and that was on his route to work. A odd point, I used to work in the old building on Olive that KSD/KSDK used as their studio some 40 years ago.
I can confirm a 36 inch model of that TV weighs more than I want to ever carry again. I sold it for $20 on the condition that I didn't have to load it. I told her to bring two decently strong men. After the two men loaded it up they said there was no way I had carried it myself. I offered to demonstrate, but it would cost them.
Wow Jeff, thanks for all these transmitter videos. RF and broadcast is really fascinating and your dad does a really good job of explaining everything.
I enjoy watching these radio videos, and it's very cool that your dad works for these towers. I also put the EAS video you made on TV to show my family how it worked.
Love this! One thing about the bandpass filters. TV Stations are alotted 6 MHz of space. In that space, you are allotted some space as part of the "guard band", which I hear may be even more restricted in the future. But in short, there are more stringent requirements for TV... where FM allows you a total of 200 kHz of bandwidth, and in the area of other stations you may have spacing by at least the next frequency up and the next frequency down... TV stations have very little guard band spacing from the next channel number up and the next channel number down... So the bandpass filter literally chops any signals that fall outside that 6 MHz space. On a monthly basis, I used to run proofs that would determine the state of the signal such as out of band emissions, error rate before the Reed-Solomon filter, error rate after the Reed-Solomon filter, upper sideband levels, lower sideband levels, eye-chart data, etc.
@10:17 back in the day I worked at a satellite earth station in Canada when some guys from NGK Tokyo were on site doing the first HDTV signal transmission tests. They had a metal crate with the biggest 16:9 CRT TV I ever seen (took 4 guys to lift it!) and I'll never forget when I saw an HD image (1080i) of a Japanese gold fish pond on it. It was like looking out a window! This was many years before HDTV hit the consumer market.
3:06 I just love the orange BNC cables HANGING from the tiny (looks like SMA) connectors on the MUX/Router and adapter cables putting un-due stress on them. We ALWAYS dressed the cables so this would not happen. A poor intermittent connection just waiting to happen!
The oldest television transmitting station in the world is the Alexandra Palace television station in London where a tower was constructed to transmit BBC television to London and the surrounding areas in 1936. This was the first proper high definition (for the time) television service in the world. It is still used for tv today, albeit as only a local relay, the main transmitter site for the London area now being at Crystal Palace.
Thank you. I really miss working with sites and it's great to watch this. For that Cellular install the physical install is, when I learned it over 20 yrs ago, is the R56 standard. well that's what it was called at Moto. Don't know if that is an industry designation.
You are fortunate to have a father who is knowledgeable in so many areas and great at explaining what he knows. Good for you !!! Enjoy and love him while he's in your life. My dad has been gone for almost 28 years and I still miss him so much!!
I love all these tower videos. Your dad is really good at explaining all this stuff without falling into jargon like most people would. I still have a Panasonic CRT HDTV. The picture quality is far better than LCD at 1080i, although plasma matches it and OLED beats it. Interestingly it doesn't have 720P, and that was a thing on several of the very early HDTVs. Not a big deal for DirecTV since the receiver can just upscale 720P channels (most Fox affiliates) to 1080 but kind of a pain for OTA or consoles.
Love seeing the 6 Uniden SDS200 scanners being used at 9:58 they are controllable via an Ethernet port, and theres some great software for controlling them, called “ProScan”, which I believe is running on that PC in the cabinet with them.. even the audio can be listened to over the Ethernet connection. looks like these are being managed by the micro USB port (lower right corner, under LAN port) ✅
That would be good, even a "short" video. Coax and waveguides are so similar in _what_ they do, yet so different in _how_ they do it! I understand the theory behind them, but my practical experience is just with coax.
Always enjoy these videos. Imagine the pressurized ridged coax in a moving platform and salt water environment. Also, cooling of the RCA 2041 transmitter tube was accomplished using two heat exchangers. Salt water from the fire main, cooling a closed fresh water loop, cooling a closed distilled water loop!!! :)
8:45, looks like that ball valve is being used to throttle the fluid flow. This is against best practices for using ball valves as it will be likely to cause increased wear on the valve and distribute debris from the valve throughout the system as the valve breaks down due to erosion from the passing fluid.
Interesting. What a good video for those who wants to know about over-the-air television and radio broadcasting and might want to venture in broadcast ownership.
Regarding the microwave dish pointing up the tower, generally that was for a transmitter going out, and there was a 45 degree reflector that bounced the signal to remote tower site and usually the receive part of that same system was a dish that was mounted up on the tower that faced the remote tower. Using that arrangement with a reflector cut down on the sidelobes and made for a tighter beam of energy as it cut across the countryside. The FCC banned them years ago to minimize interference with satellites when they passed over. I remember in the early 90's when Sony was making the rounds and showed up at the educational TV headquarters to demonstrate their HDTV stuff. The 1080p HDTV had a tube like the one in your video, and they had an HDTV video tape player that went along with it. I just remember how impressive it all was and I couldn't wait for HDTV to sweep the country. The TV cost $15,000 and the tape player was $35,000 according to the sales guys and was studio quality stuff obviously.
This is beyond fascinating! I literally could sit and watch these tours for hours. In 1965, I had just graduated from high school and just prior to enlisting in the Navy, I worked a few months for KRDO-TV in Colorado Springs as a camera operator. On occasion, I'd accompany the chief engineer (the late Charlie Upton) to the top of Cheyenne Mountain, where our transmitter was located. I'm clueless on its model number but it was a big RCA behemoth that, when it was off the air, a person could literally walk inside. I recall the two final tubes for the visual section were enclosed by covers that could be moved up to allow access to the cavities. When the unit was on during broadcast hours (this was in the days when stations signed on around sunrise and went off the air around midnight), you could barely converse because of the forced air cooling. Seeing how technology has reduced a transmitter's footprint is, for me, mind-boggling. Please post more of these informative narratives! (Perhaps a studio/control room tour, if that's even possible as, I assume, your Dad also oversees studio maintenance?)
Coax, radiax, flex well is used from the transmitter room to the antenna because it installs easier and bends don't have to be engineered in it simply bends. Being one piece instead of 10 or 20 foot sections means less loss and less points for failure.
Another great video. As a kid going to college I worked at the local school FM station in the engineering dept so I spent a lot of time around the studio and the transmitter on top of a 20 story dorm building. It was a great time, just not real profitable 😂. Thanks for the visit into the workings of a new school transmission system. Well done and please continue. 👍
That is hilarious! I never thought I’d see a video about this transmitter, I played golf there for close to a decade until they closed the back 9 that crossed next to it. Neat video!
Hi There. So on that section about the waveguides. Those larger parts of the waveguides are actually combining switches, called "Magic Tee's" They are very low loss and likely were put in with the prior channel 35 digital transmitter. Also that larger TV transmitter was made only about 3 hours north of you in Quincy, Il. We have a similar model at my station in Boston.
Thanks! And I have enjoyed many transmitters from the factory in Quincy. Gates, then Harris and then GatesAir. Also BE was up there producing a lot of good AM FM products also!
The thicker ones have pressurized nitrogen, to keep out moisture (prevents arcing). The smaller pipes have water pumped through the transmitters for cooling.
Love your videos. Like all the microwave plumbing. Got to add I'm quite a bit older than your dad! Had an old friend who was a ham, unfortunately passed away, who would go nuts visiting your transmitter station! So much fun!
I'll try to add a card in the video at the timestamp, though I find that only about 0.001% of clicks come from cards. People usually look in the description if they're interested enough. Sadly, cards seem to be more of a distraction than a useful feature most of the time :(
Channel 5 (and KPLR 11) were the 2 most able to get over the hump of the Ozarks around Ste. Genevieve or to those of us in the hills just outside of it when I grew up there in the late 70s.
I remember when harry E. sold KCFM to partner with ksd AM in a trade for an am/fm else where [due to a FCC rule about media concentration] I bought the old stand by and fixed it up over a year and a day donating it to a non profit for mountain top use. when KMJM took over the debalver [sp] site and the multi station panel antenna came down it was some what of a marvel to see. fed by 2 coax for the top and bottom half's, Ed Bench had some initial phase steering problems to overcome. a story in its self
Still in use quite a bit! For some types of communication, microwave is still faster (since fiber can't be run perfectly direct point to point, especially in cities).
@@GeerlingEngineering The other aspect is the running costs of fiber go up over time, since your leasing data bandwidth. In that the provider will up the costs on each renewal of the lease agreement. The costs will be fixed for a 5 year lease, but then when it's time to renew that lease, it will go up like everything else. With microwave it's a one time capital cost that you own, the only fees are the FCC license renewal that's cheap and electricity that your going to pay for no matter what. The benefit of fiber is you can change the amount of bandwidth pretty easily, and on microwave it's fixed depending on the link distance and how much redundancy you need in the link. Generally if you need more bandwidth, you would have to put in another link on a another microwave frequency/channel. Often microwave frequencies are crowded for broadcasters in one particular area, like a mountain top or common tower site/area everyone has decided to use. So that viewers only have to point their antennas in one direction. (You often see TV towers grouped together.) So microwave channels quickly get used up depending on location.
I know that I am 2 weeks late but I had this question in mind since first video of the FM radio station tour, what is the emergency procedure when a natural disaster happens (i.e tornadoes and earthquakes) when operating at a broadcast tower?
This is so cool to look at and you do a great job of explaining everything. I have always been mesmerized by thing like this. When I was younger i would find my self going to the equipment room of buildings just to see how it all works over the years I have gotten in trouble because of this. I never met any harm.
I *believe* coax is easier to route (as easy as rigid line can be...) and a bit cheaper than the waveguide runs... though I'd have to ask my Dad for more of an RF answer. I do remember him talking about how it matters more at higher frequencies-it's coax through and through on the FM tower.
Sacramento County requires that backup generators be restricted to operating only for a certain maximum number of hours each month (unless there is a power failure) and that time must be logged. This is to prevent the owner from using his generator to supply his load instead of the grid for whatever the reason. Does the generator shown have the same kind of restriction in your area? Also if you need to have a large tank of fuel to cover emergencies, what is the effect of long term storage on the fuel if no emergencies occur? Do you replace the fuel after so many years, and how is the old fuel disposed of? Is the tank above ground or is it below ground, possibly with the double-wall construction used in modern gas stations with leak detection, etc.? (The Tank Masters Environmental channel showing the leaking oil tanks of NY state has got me to thinking about this.)
I have a question. When I was in the navy, I repaired and maintained anything from 1KW to 100KW HF and LF AUTOTUNING (Man, how beautiful to watch them tune up!!!) transmitters. Because they were AM, we had up to 4 independent sidebands we could transmit completely different signals over. My question is, I think I remember that AM radio stations used to sell their ISB channels to pipe over elevator music or such. Do Local, commercial Radio stations still have the ability to transmit SideBand channel information? Do they still sell it? If so, what would it cost for someone to "Rent" a sideband channel? What I am thinking is, now this is weird, but maybe as part of the station's "Public Service" charter with the FCC, on a sideband the station transmitted RTCM correction data provided by their State's Department of Transportation CORS GNSS RTK positional correction data? Surveyors use precise positioning equipment that gets location data from many satellites. But that is only a couple of meters of accuracy. Most states have permanent., fixed, sites that have known positions (CORS or Continuously Operated Reference Stations). They send that information over the internet to a RTK capable Satellite receiver like the UBlox ZED-F9P RTK receiver chip and SparkFun's GPS-RTK-SMA receiver board. But for the correction data to get to the receiver board, it needs an internet connection. Not many mobile platforms inherently have internet connectivity except through cell towers and data is expensive that way. I'm asking because everyone wants an autonomous lawnmower (for example). If a lawnmower had a RTK capable Satellite receiver and could get the RTCM correction data from a local AM radio station sideband receiver on the robot mower, we wouldn't need Roomba lawnmowers bouncing randomly off electrical dog fence wires EVENTUALLY mowing the yard anymore. They could follow custom waypoints with centimeter accuracy and mow your back yard quickly and efficiently using less energy. Heck, a mower with a solar panel con top of it's charging station could charge the mower's batteries for free over a week, then mow for a short time, then charge up again for free. But they need the correction signal! Is this possible? Lawnmowers are just one thing. It would help land surveyors too. They could do RTK surveys where cell service could not reach. Everyone knows that HF frequencies follow the curvature of the earth and get under bridges and inside buildings. Cell signals don't get into those places. But AM radio can. What do you think?
I OWNED a one of those, actually. Mine was more square on the edges and flat faces, but it was that size and flat faced tube, capable of FULL HD 1080p. Stunning picture. Tube died eventually though.
It’s a blessing to have a Dad like that. He is one of the “if you knew half of what he forgot, you would be a genius “ type of guys.
I love how your dad is getting more and more comfortable with the videos. I love the relationship you two have!
Old school cellular guy here... we called the in/out of the combiners the "Goesinta" and the "Comesoutta". :)
Great video -- thanks for all the effort you put into it! I worked at a TV station in California and made quite a few visits to the transmitter -- always in awe of the sheer size of everything out there. Truly massive.
Back in the mid '70s I was just starting to go off to Linn Technical College to turn my electronics hobby into my career. I was also working part time where my Dad worked, and they had an ultrasonic welder that wasn't working. I looked at it a bit, but the technology was beyond me at the time. So my Dad hired an engineer to fix it on a Saturday. I got to watch and learn, and then the engineer took me to downtown St. Louis to see the transmitter for 98.1 FM (then KSLQ) in the top of the Marquette Building. Same type of equipment and huge "copper pipe" coax we see in this video, but on a smaller scale.
Too many years ago to remember that engineer's name, but I fondly recall the experience, and appreciate being reminded of it through this video. Thank you!
That's amazing to hear! My Dad worked on KYKY for a few decades as it was owned by EZ Communications, then CBS Radio, then Entercom, now Audacy (probably another owner or two I don't remember)-that's one of the two stations we looked at in our Supertower video!
@Jeff Geerling I was actually wondering if it was him that I went with to see the facility. Don't recall when KSLQ changed to KYKY. Also, I've noticed there's a newer station in town using the KSLQ call letters!
Downtown St. Louis has grown up so much, and I don't go down there that often. But I did recently drive through there and saw the Marquette Building hidden amongst some taller buildings. No more tower and antenna on top, though.
I worked at Best Buy when rhat HD Trinitron TV was on sale. I believe there were two, a 34 and a 36. There were other TVs that were progressive scan but that was in fact the ONLY glass tube HDTV sold. I was one of only two people in the store who could lift it upbto the display shelf because at the edges there's 6 inches of leaded glass. I know this because I've seen one dropped on the ground and there really is 6" thick glass. It needs that because while the screen is flat on the front, the tube scans across a curved surface inside of it so the further off center you get, the thicker the glass. It's MASSIVE!
Haha yeah... I think they've left it there mostly because they can't fit a forklift in there to haul it out!
I remember seeing what I thought was a Philips HDTV in the waiting room at the cable company. Maybe it was a Sony. More recently someone was giving away one of the Sony models on Craigslist.
it was pretty much a special giant glass lens bonded to the front of a CRT to "flatten" the face and picture out. I recall some of the big hype around them, but only ever seen two of them and I date back to the start of VHS and Microsoft(lol).
I always wanted one of CRT HD Wegas.
I thought they maxed out at 1080i? It's fast enough to rescan a progressive image?
I love these radio tower videos! It's fascinating and I could listen to you and your dad talk about it for hours.
Man…. Wish I would have known you guys were going to be shooting there Jeff.. I am Joe’s building mate and take care of that little LP TV in the small cell building for HSN/QVC. The the other Satellite dish delivers our main channel and a few subs. The rest are delivered over IP. Love the content. Keep it up!
That's awesome! I know my Dad loves a clean install, and that's about as clean as it gets!
Don't worry! At half a million subs on the main channel, only a couple years before you yourself are providing TV for a million too!
The first megawatt tower video already has half a million views on its own!
Greetings from Germany
Really enjoying this series on radio towers and the connected equipment. Congrats to your dad for having such a cool job
This was as awesome as the first tower. Thank you both and to all who allowed it without drama. Best tower documentary on TH-cam x2
We used to have a couple repeaters at the 970 foot level on the 1000' Channel 11 tower in Decatur, GA about 25 years ago. That tower had an elevator, and it would take 11 minutes to go up and 9 minutes to come down. The elevator controls were really sketchy. They operated in the 27MHz band, and were prone to interference. More than once we'd engage the controller to go or down, and the sometimes the car would just stop. We always made sure to have a person on the ground near the manual controls to getting us going again. Besides servicing our repeaters, I'd take my good SLR camera with a telephoto lens up there. Also spent more than a few hours on roof of the Tower Place building and a few the other tall buildings.
Interference? On 27 MHz? What could possibly be on that band? 🤔 😁
Besides a ton of CB radios, I've also worked on garage door openers, radio-controlled cars, and even a dog training collar that all used 27 MHz signals. They all used the non-CB frequencies that CBers called "A" channels.
Interesting
The elevator control loop is not on 27MHz. It's in the 54MHz band.
Another fantastic video! Thank you so much to you and your dad for putting together such a great TV. I live in the UK and have always wondered how all these transmission towers etc. work and now I know :)
This video brings back memories. My Dad has been in Radio-TV Engineering since the 1960s. I remember being with him when they pulled out the old tube systems and went from a whole room to 2 rack units and how different everything looked.
love seeing your dad shining in his own way, you can tell he’s loves his job
Absolutely fascinating subject. Even better hosts. A real hit
@14:50 whats the discone antenna for ?
Sure brought back memories of my TV days. Thanks for the video!
19:12 Those bowties are "batwing" or "turnstyle" antennas stacked in an array. Usually older analogue TV, horizontally polarised.
Yeah I know I asked my Dad about them-I believe they've been unused for a few years now, but not sure if they are just going to leave them until a new antenna upgrade someday or not.
@@GeerlingEngineering I wouldn't climb it, or pay someone to climb it to remove something unused. I'd wait until it posed a hazard or until the space was needed. Talking of climbing, are you going to go up one sometime? You know, just for the clicks? Ah go on! 😁 BTW, these are my favourite series of videos. Keep it up...
These videos are so interesting. Getting behind the scenes looks at the stuff that gives us our way of life is very enlightening
Hello, I live in Brazil and I love these explanations of transmitters and tv stations, I subscribed to the channel to learn more about all this...knowledge is power. Big hug.
As an amateur radio operator, I continue to drool over these transmission sites. Thanks for the in-depth tour, and 73!
I was one of the designers on the ULXTE transmitter series. The heavy iron was always a lot of fun.
I have not long retired from this work & I still miss it.
After 55 years I have to find another hobby if I can, going to be hard to beat !
Excellent video guys, Cheers !
Thanks, Jeff. I absolutely love this type of content you are putting out. Your dad is doing a great job of breaking down all the gear. Keep the content coming.
BTW, you are looking a lot better than when you were updating us about your condition.
Fantastic; brought back such memories for me. In past lives I was on the technical crews at TV stations KVIQ & KEET, then me and another guy (Ray Hansen of Midwest Tower) built the first FM radio tower in Moab Utah, and this was followed with a stint as an Earth-station microwave technician at Echostar. You could say I have RF running through my veins. Subscribed, and looking forward to perusing more of your videos. Thank you.
Having grown up in St. Louis, I recall several fond memories of KSDK NewsChannel 5, touring their studios in the 80s with my Cub Scout den and meeting some of its local personalities. Moreover, I was always fascinated by the tech side of radio and TV broadcasting, so seeing this video brings things full circle for me and leaves me with a whole new appreciation for their operation. Thank you guys so much.
Another great video guys. I have driven by the KSD/KSDK tower a bunch in my lifetime here in St. Louis.. My Dad used to work in store on Gravois not far from there and that was on his route to work. A odd point, I used to work in the old building on Olive that KSD/KSDK used as their studio some 40 years ago.
I can confirm a 36 inch model of that TV weighs more than I want to ever carry again. I sold it for $20 on the condition that I didn't have to load it. I told her to bring two decently strong men. After the two men loaded it up they said there was no way I had carried it myself. I offered to demonstrate, but it would cost them.
Wow Jeff, thanks for all these transmitter videos. RF and broadcast is really fascinating and your dad does a really good job of explaining everything.
Honestly. One of the better more informative channels on YT
Amazing technology. We need this despite the internet age, especially during emergencies. Thank you for a great video.
I enjoy watching these radio videos, and it's very cool that your dad works for these towers. I also put the EAS video you made on TV to show my family how it worked.
Love this! One thing about the bandpass filters. TV Stations are alotted 6 MHz of space. In that space, you are allotted some space as part of the "guard band", which I hear may be even more restricted in the future. But in short, there are more stringent requirements for TV... where FM allows you a total of 200 kHz of bandwidth, and in the area of other stations you may have spacing by at least the next frequency up and the next frequency down... TV stations have very little guard band spacing from the next channel number up and the next channel number down... So the bandpass filter literally chops any signals that fall outside that 6 MHz space. On a monthly basis, I used to run proofs that would determine the state of the signal such as out of band emissions, error rate before the Reed-Solomon filter, error rate after the Reed-Solomon filter, upper sideband levels, lower sideband levels, eye-chart data, etc.
Excellent video. What an incredible site. Thank you for pulling back the curtain for us! 73 and good luck on your ham radio test!
I don't know why this was recommended to me but I'm glad it was. I never realized what all was involved into just watching a tv station. great video
@10:17 back in the day I worked at a satellite earth station in Canada when some guys from NGK Tokyo were on site doing the first HDTV signal transmission tests. They had a metal crate with the biggest 16:9 CRT TV I ever seen (took 4 guys to lift it!) and I'll never forget when I saw an HD image (1080i) of a Japanese gold fish pond on it. It was like looking out a window! This was many years before HDTV hit the consumer market.
Great look at that site! I recognized the stack of Uniden SDS-200 scanners as I was a beta tester for Uniden when they were being brought to market!
I wish I could geek-out with my dad like the two of you. Jealous (in a good way). Thanks for the content. It's appreciated.
Great videos! Hope this becoming a recurring series!
3:06 I just love the orange BNC cables HANGING from the tiny (looks like SMA) connectors on the MUX/Router and adapter cables putting un-due stress on them. We ALWAYS dressed the cables so this would not happen. A poor intermittent connection just waiting to happen!
The oldest television transmitting station in the world is the Alexandra Palace television station in London where a tower was constructed to transmit BBC television to London and the surrounding areas in 1936. This was the first proper high definition (for the time) television service in the world. It is still used for tv today, albeit as only a local relay, the main transmitter site for the London area now being at Crystal Palace.
Yes. And the view over London is amazing from the Palace forecourt
Love the shoutout to Tower Tee!
And I can see the house my grandma lived in at 2:37!
Your Dad is a bonafide 19:33 smart guy!
Thank you. I really miss working with sites and it's great to watch this. For that Cellular install the physical install is, when I learned it over 20 yrs ago, is the R56 standard. well that's what it was called at Moto. Don't know if that is an industry designation.
Wow, this is very interesting to see! Great behind-the-scenes tour!
Pretty neat! I saw a few TV studios growing up, but never this half of the broadcast transmission. Thanks for showing it.
Great. It’s total interesting to listen to your dad. 👍
Thanks!
Excellent job with the video. Very interesting how it all works getting the signals out
THIS IS SO COOL TO KNOW BUT I STILL LOVE THE OLD ANALOG WAY OF LIFE
You are fortunate to have a father who is knowledgeable in so many areas and great at explaining what he knows. Good for you !!! Enjoy and love him while he's in your life. My dad has been gone for almost 28 years and I still miss him so much!!
Thank you for sharing this! Much appreciated.
The type of stuff that will hopefully be viewed in the future by people researching the past. Thank you
I love all these tower videos. Your dad is really good at explaining all this stuff without falling into jargon like most people would.
I still have a Panasonic CRT HDTV. The picture quality is far better than LCD at 1080i, although plasma matches it and OLED beats it. Interestingly it doesn't have 720P, and that was a thing on several of the very early HDTVs. Not a big deal for DirecTV since the receiver can just upscale 720P channels (most Fox affiliates) to 1080 but kind of a pain for OTA or consoles.
Love seeing the 6 Uniden SDS200 scanners being used at 9:58 they are controllable via an Ethernet port, and theres some great software for controlling them, called “ProScan”, which I believe is running on that PC in the cabinet with them.. even the audio can be listened to over the Ethernet connection. looks like these are being managed by the micro USB port (lower right corner, under LAN port) ✅
Do you think you guys could do a video on the differences between wave guides and coax?
That would be good, even a "short" video.
Coax and waveguides are so similar in _what_ they do, yet so different in _how_ they do it! I understand the theory behind them, but my practical experience is just with coax.
Always enjoy these videos. Imagine the pressurized ridged coax in a moving platform and salt water environment. Also, cooling of the RCA 2041 transmitter tube was accomplished using two heat exchangers. Salt water from the fire main, cooling a closed fresh water loop, cooling a closed distilled water loop!!! :)
Another great video. Very interesting. Thanks for doing these.
Love all of this. Thanks for the tour.
8:45, looks like that ball valve is being used to throttle the fluid flow. This is against best practices for using ball valves as it will be likely to cause increased wear on the valve and distribute debris from the valve throughout the system as the valve breaks down due to erosion from the passing fluid.
Absolutely brilliant to watch. I know you are family, but you work together so well. Can't wait for the next installment :)
I have little to no knowledge about all that frequency stuff but your video was very interesting and I learned a lot. Thanks!
I don't know much about how all this stuff works but it's super interesting to see what all goes into it!
Interesting. What a good video for those who wants to know about over-the-air television and radio broadcasting and might want to venture in broadcast ownership.
I had an RCA 38 inch 1080p HDTV widescreen with DirectTV built in. Weighed a ton. Bought about the time digital came online in STL. Beautiful picture.
Regarding the microwave dish pointing up the tower, generally that was for a transmitter going out, and there was a 45 degree reflector that bounced the signal to remote tower site and usually the receive part of that same system was a dish that was mounted up on the tower that faced the remote tower. Using that arrangement with a reflector cut down on the sidelobes and made for a tighter beam of energy as it cut across the countryside. The FCC banned them years ago to minimize interference with satellites when they passed over. I remember in the early 90's when Sony was making the rounds and showed up at the educational TV headquarters to demonstrate their HDTV stuff. The 1080p HDTV had a tube like the one in your video, and they had an HDTV video tape player that went along with it. I just remember how impressive it all was and I couldn't wait for HDTV to sweep the country. The TV cost $15,000 and the tape player was $35,000 according to the sales guys and was studio quality stuff obviously.
Great video. You guys do such a great job describing and doing these tours. Keep it up! Very informative!
This is beyond fascinating! I literally could sit and watch these tours for hours. In 1965, I had just graduated from high school and just prior to enlisting in the Navy, I worked a few months for KRDO-TV in Colorado Springs as a camera operator. On occasion, I'd accompany the chief engineer (the late Charlie Upton) to the top of Cheyenne Mountain, where our transmitter was located. I'm clueless on its model number but it was a big RCA behemoth that, when it was off the air, a person could literally walk inside. I recall the two final tubes for the visual section were enclosed by covers that could be moved up to allow access to the cavities. When the unit was on during broadcast hours (this was in the days when stations signed on around sunrise and went off the air around midnight), you could barely converse because of the forced air cooling. Seeing how technology has reduced a transmitter's footprint is, for me, mind-boggling. Please post more of these informative narratives! (Perhaps a studio/control room tour, if that's even possible as, I assume, your Dad also oversees studio maintenance?)
If I squint hard enough in the opening drone shot, I think I can see my house! I can easily see CH 5's tower from my front yard.
Coax, radiax, flex well is used from the transmitter room to the antenna because it installs easier and bends don't have to be engineered in it simply bends. Being one piece instead of 10 or 20 foot sections means less loss and less points for failure.
Your dad is such a treasure
Another great video. As a kid going to college I worked at the local school FM station in the engineering dept so I spent a lot of time around the studio and the transmitter on top of a 20 story dorm building. It was a great time, just not real profitable 😂. Thanks for the visit into the workings of a new school transmission system. Well done and please continue. 👍
i love all your videos. tons of useful information and ideas for us high power radio guys. keep it up :)
Excellent video! Thank you for sharing this 🙂
That is hilarious! I never thought I’d see a video about this transmitter, I played golf there for close to a decade until they closed the back 9 that crossed next to it. Neat video!
I used to work there. I spent many long nights at that tower and helped install one of the transmitters!
Hi There. So on that section about the waveguides. Those larger parts of the waveguides are actually combining switches, called "Magic Tee's" They are very low loss and likely were put in with the prior channel 35 digital transmitter. Also that larger TV transmitter was made only about 3 hours north of you in Quincy, Il. We have a similar model at my station in Boston.
Thanks! And I have enjoyed many transmitters from the factory in Quincy. Gates, then Harris and then GatesAir. Also BE was up there producing a lot of good AM FM products also!
14:15 "its a big one" 😂
Thats a freaking understatement! That's a V-12 diesel! 🤣
great videos, looking forward to more!
What is inside this cooper pipes on 5:49? Liquid? Wires? Steam?
The thicker ones have pressurized nitrogen, to keep out moisture (prevents arcing). The smaller pipes have water pumped through the transmitters for cooling.
I got KSDK from Tropospheric 12-14-21 at 2:06 am. In McMinnville, TN
Fascinating
Love your videos. Like all the microwave plumbing.
Got to add I'm quite a bit older than your dad! Had an old friend who was a ham, unfortunately passed away, who would go nuts visiting your transmitter station! So much fun!
Unfortunately, just as you get old enough to have collected enough knowledge to understand all this stuff, you die. It’s just not fair, I tell you!
Thanks Jeff, another Great video. I'm sure Dave @EEVblog would be happy to see the reference to his content in the video too.
I'll try to add a card in the video at the timestamp, though I find that only about 0.001% of clicks come from cards. People usually look in the description if they're interested enough. Sadly, cards seem to be more of a distraction than a useful feature most of the time :(
Channel 5 (and KPLR 11) were the 2 most able to get over the hump of the Ozarks around Ste. Genevieve or to those of us in the hills just outside of it when I grew up there in the late 70s.
I remember when harry E. sold KCFM to partner with ksd AM in a trade for an am/fm else where [due to a FCC rule about media concentration]
I bought the old stand by and fixed it up over a year and a day donating it to a non profit for mountain top use.
when KMJM took over the debalver [sp] site and the multi station panel antenna came down it was some what of a marvel to see.
fed by 2 coax for the top and bottom half's, Ed Bench had some initial phase steering problems to overcome. a story in its self
I assumed micro was phase out when fiber was introduced. Very nice video. Bring back memories.
Still in use quite a bit! For some types of communication, microwave is still faster (since fiber can't be run perfectly direct point to point, especially in cities).
@@GeerlingEngineering The other aspect is the running costs of fiber go up over time, since your leasing data bandwidth. In that the provider will up the costs on each renewal of the lease agreement. The costs will be fixed for a 5 year lease, but then when it's time to renew that lease, it will go up like everything else.
With microwave it's a one time capital cost that you own, the only fees are the FCC license renewal that's cheap and electricity that your going to pay for no matter what. The benefit of fiber is you can change the amount of bandwidth pretty easily, and on microwave it's fixed depending on the link distance and how much redundancy you need in the link. Generally if you need more bandwidth, you would have to put in another link on a another microwave frequency/channel. Often microwave frequencies are crowded for broadcasters in one particular area, like a mountain top or common tower site/area everyone has decided to use. So that viewers only have to point their antennas in one direction. (You often see TV towers grouped together.) So microwave channels quickly get used up depending on location.
So much tech! Thanks. Are those copper tubes holding smaller wires? Amazing! That place is magic.
Go and look at the earlier video :)
Used to install cell equipment in shelters just like this and on towers. That hum of the equipment fans inside is oh so familiar.
Use a VS1 for my translator too. I have no complaints with Nautel. Use the same filter cans too because it's a few feet away from a 50kw FM bay.
I know that I am 2 weeks late but I had this question in mind since first video of the FM radio station tour, what is the emergency procedure when a natural disaster happens (i.e tornadoes and earthquakes) when operating at a broadcast tower?
I have a TV similar to the one in this video sitting in my basement. HDTV 1080p Tube TV but it doesn't have a digital tuner. Still works well.
Wooo go EEVBlog!
This is so cool to look at and you do a great job of explaining everything. I have always been mesmerized by thing like this. When I was younger i would find my self going to the equipment room of buildings just to see how it all works over the years I have gotten in trouble because of this. I never met any harm.
What is the purpose of converting coax to wave guide then back to coax? Also @6:15 is that a giant L/C array?
I *believe* coax is easier to route (as easy as rigid line can be...) and a bit cheaper than the waveguide runs... though I'd have to ask my Dad for more of an RF answer.
I do remember him talking about how it matters more at higher frequencies-it's coax through and through on the FM tower.
Sacramento County requires that backup generators be restricted to operating only for a certain maximum number of hours each month (unless there is a power failure) and that time must be logged. This is to prevent the owner from using his generator to supply his load instead of the grid for whatever the reason. Does the generator shown have the same kind of restriction in your area?
Also if you need to have a large tank of fuel to cover emergencies, what is the effect of long term storage on the fuel if no emergencies occur? Do you replace the fuel after so many years, and how is the old fuel disposed of? Is the tank above ground or is it below ground, possibly with the double-wall construction used in modern gas stations with leak detection, etc.? (The Tank Masters Environmental channel showing the leaking oil tanks of NY state has got me to thinking about this.)
I have a question. When I was in the navy, I repaired and maintained anything from 1KW to 100KW HF and LF AUTOTUNING (Man, how beautiful to watch them tune up!!!) transmitters. Because they were AM, we had up to 4 independent sidebands we could transmit completely different signals over. My question is, I think I remember that AM radio stations used to sell their ISB channels to pipe over elevator music or such. Do Local, commercial Radio stations still have the ability to transmit SideBand channel information? Do they still sell it? If so, what would it cost for someone to "Rent" a sideband channel? What I am thinking is, now this is weird, but maybe as part of the station's "Public Service" charter with the FCC, on a sideband the station transmitted RTCM correction data provided by their State's Department of Transportation CORS GNSS RTK positional correction data? Surveyors use precise positioning equipment that gets location data from many satellites. But that is only a couple of meters of accuracy. Most states have permanent., fixed, sites that have known positions (CORS or Continuously Operated Reference Stations). They send that information over the internet to a RTK capable Satellite receiver like the UBlox ZED-F9P RTK receiver chip and SparkFun's GPS-RTK-SMA receiver board. But for the correction data to get to the receiver board, it needs an internet connection. Not many mobile platforms inherently have internet connectivity except through cell towers and data is expensive that way.
I'm asking because everyone wants an autonomous lawnmower (for example). If a lawnmower had a RTK capable Satellite receiver and could get the RTCM correction data from a local AM radio station sideband receiver on the robot mower, we wouldn't need Roomba lawnmowers bouncing randomly off electrical dog fence wires EVENTUALLY mowing the yard anymore. They could follow custom waypoints with centimeter accuracy and mow your back yard quickly and efficiently using less energy. Heck, a mower with a solar panel con top of it's charging station could charge the mower's batteries for free over a week, then mow for a short time, then charge up again for free. But they need the correction signal! Is this possible? Lawnmowers are just one thing. It would help land surveyors too. They could do RTK surveys where cell service could not reach. Everyone knows that HF frequencies follow the curvature of the earth and get under bridges and inside buildings. Cell signals don't get into those places. But AM radio can. What do you think?
Progressing my future ❌
Videos like this ✅
I OWNED a one of those, actually. Mine was more square on the edges and flat faces, but it was that size and flat faced tube, capable of FULL HD 1080p. Stunning picture. Tube died eventually though.