Good as this video is, it is yet another example of why it is important to have a human do the narration rather than a text-to-voice system. This video would likely have been better with a real voice.
Good basic explanation. An Analog voltage reduction uses resistance to drop the voltage,,which generates a lot of heat. A Buck convertor storing the charge in magnetic Flux is far more efficient.
I was using artificial voices, but have come to the same conclusion. However, the more recent engines are much better, and a little work at spacing correctly and Interpunktion are essential. Just writing information and read it from a sheet is rarely the information people listen to.
There is so much understandable information here that my brain can’t absorb it all in one view! Great explanation and video!! Must watch it multiple times.
Because youtube is so awesome, they cannot show the dislike counter. For those wondering if this video is good information, this video is UNMATCHED. Everything in this video is true to an Engineering A+. The fact that PWM is discussed and how it is generated further shows a true engineer wrote this video. Excellent information. Thank you for your wisdom!
Typically a sawtooth wave is used, but either way that's how it has been done for decades. Linearity of the triangle or sawtooth is not critical since the feedback circuit cancels any effects of non-linearity. If you are making something like a signal generator then you do want very good linearity.
Yo that's a solid ass video my man. Very very good. Step by step explanation. I never thought of inductors as becoming a battery due to their stored up energy in the magnetic field, and now that i think about it, it feels sooo obvious. Thank you very much
I recommend 0.75 x speed, if you're using keyboard, click the video, hold shift and press < once if you're using phone, press that three dots on the top right, and select playback speed, set to 0.75 x
@@ExplorerStuff could you please tell us which software do you use for making animation? if it's possible can you please make the tutorial on your animation?
Wow that is amazing I will show it to my students. You could make a boost converter also, then an isolated topology would be nice :). Keep up the good work!
@@ExplorerStuff Many thanks, I was looking for a buck converter and took advice from an Electrical Engineer that said he would never use a cheap converter because it can damage the much more expensive battery, BMS and load, but didn't explain why. So I went to Amazon and found lots of cheap $1 bucks that are tiny and one large for $20, I was confused by the large number of components on the more expensive one when compared to the cheap version as they both claim to do the same thing, now I understand why.
amazing tutorial as ever, 1 more quick tip for you, new challenge emerged on TH-cam *Transformerless Power Supply* so 220AC mains dropped with the help of X-rated capacitor (down to 12 volts dc) placed before bridge rectifier, I searched a bit, yes There are few videos about it,(many of them in Hindu language) but almost no any proper video tutorial about it for English speaking audiences, it's good time for you to smash that challenge (make a detailed video about it/especially how to calculate capacitor rates for different low voltages) and become number 1 👍👍👍👍
@@ExplorerStuff not only I think so, I'm pretty sure that you can make it better than many many others ☝, I may have described it not much accurate, it's called x-rated capacitor, I'll put a link here for you to see what I'm talking about
This is a dangerous circuit. 1) No isolation from mains. (Most Important) 2) The Zener is active always (100%) and for large currents. 3) If there was no Zener diode, This would increase the output voltage to the input. 240V. 4) By 2,3 The Zener takes too much current through itself. It will burn in seconds or minutes. 5) If the neutral wire gets grounded (By Mistake or poor wiring), then the output of rectifier is double the input voltage (+240V & - 240V = 480V).
3:58 ERROR: Please note that the output voltage is independent of the load. The output voltage only depends on the input voltage and duty cycle. Changing the load could change the output current and hence output power dissipated. But you will still have a fixed average output voltage.
I was thinking the same thing when I saw it. The PWM wouldn't need to change to keep up with the change in load (assuming all the components can handle the higher current).
that's odd I'm having a laboratory work on Simetrix regarding buck converters and my groupmate has the average output voltage and the peak to peak ripple of the output voltage increasing as the load increases
150kHz is LM259x but the triangle wave of the modulator is only used on LM2574/5/6 which is 52kHz. Next video you need to deal with how the LC filter introduces a double pole and gives a 180degree phase shift.
If the feedback exceeds the reference then the error amplifier will output 0 (ground) and the comparator (PWM Generator) will output +12 volts. This would turn off the MOSFET and the circuit will stop. It's not an issue when the circuit is running, it will stabilize itself. But while designing, it should be considered. Minimum voltage was measured from the circuit.
Hello, first of all good job for explaining how it works. Second I tried to replicate the circuit in a ltspice simulator and I was not able to achieve a good result. Most probably I missed something out while trying to replicate the circuit. My voltage drop when I add a low resistive load and the variable resistor doesn't have any effect on the output so obviously something is not right in my circuit. I noticed in your video that at min 04:00 power supply is connected to the drain pin of the mosfet while at 07:00 power is on the source pin. Could you please share with us a clear circuit diagram so we can try to replicate it? I can send you the diagram of my circuit if you want to see it. Thanks and looking forward to your response!
Dear sir its my request to u please cover the whole electronics concepts in 3d animation .. so that it ll be helpful for me to design a circuit & understand ...
Excellent video, I have a question, you have technical information if there is any to design a DC DC converter with positive variable input and that has a DUAL symmetrical output (high power approx. 2A) of +15 VDC and -15 VDC. Know of some base design with the theoretical source and some switching regulator.
So can we make a closed loop buck converter using ne555 as square wave generator and lm358 as a comparator🤔. if yes , then please make a video on it. This would be really helpful.
A square wave generator instead of the triangle wave generator. -> It won't work, because we need a linearly varying wave (triangle, saw, ramp, etc.). A square wave in the comparator will result in the same square wave at the output. In a triangle wave, the intersection point between the wave and the constant voltage (by error amplifier) creates the PWM. As the constant voltage moves, the intersection point also moves. But in the case of a square wave, the intersection point will always be on the same vertical line. Hence, its duty cycle will not change. LM358 -> as we need two op-amp (1 for error amplifier, 1 for comparator), this will be great.
@@ExplorerStuff thanks for replying . I am newbie in electronics and that's a lot of knowledge for me. And interested in making a buck converter without using lm2596. So it would be great if u make video on it. Thank U
It would be extremely unusual to configure the voltage error amplifier for unity gain at DC. Typically, though not always, the EA is run open-loop at DC and the frequency compensation components assure proper 0 dB gain crossover at a frequency that maintains adequate phase margin for stability.
2:16 Hey, can someone help me understand Buck Converters? :) I do not understand the negative voltage spike when switching off the mosfet The magnetic field in the coil is converted into current and, according to Lenz's rule, wants to counteract its origin, i.e. prevent the voltage / current drop or maintain the voltage / current Thus, the coil discharges, similar to a battery But why should there be a big negative charge on the left side?
It’s due to voltage leading the current in an inductor. When the voltage goes to 0, the current follows 90 degrees later and produces a high negative voltage spike (ELI the ICE man)
Ok so lately all my car dome/celing lights and dashboard clocks ⏰ have been frying up. Then I checked my car battery 🔋 voltage ⚡ is sending 14.2V to these devices whereas required voltage should've been 12V. I then bought a couple of these dc to dc converters but it doesn't convert 14V to required 12V to these accessories I need..any help?
Hey this is a dumb question but how did the inductor discharging made a high negative point therep and also why use low voltage diode there Also you said when the constant supply decrease duty cycle decrease , but in the output it looks like the on time increased so duty cycle also increase right? I didn't understand that working clearly
When the inductor discharges (in this video) the current flows towards right thus electrons flow towards left. Also, the left terminal is open (MOSFET is off). This creates excess of electrons near the left terminal thus creating the negative voltage(let -5V). Now, if you give them (electrons) a path to flow, we will not get their accumulation and the only path is towards ground(0V). So we add a diode such that when the inductor terminal gets negative, the diode turns on and allow the electrons to flow. But when will it turn on? That depends on its forward voltage or voltage drop (here ground is positive w.r.t the terminal) (let voltage drop be 1V) The ground will always be at 0V. Now, as the voltage at inductor terminal drops below 1V (or less than -1V). The diode will turn on and thus the voltage will not fall more than -1V. Now, if voltage drop is 0.7V thus it will conduct at -0.7V. So we use a low voltage drop diode. And schottky also works at high frequencies. Hence, a low voltage drop schottky diode.
@@ExplorerStuff hey also when the constant supply decreases you said pwm duty cycle decreases but in the output it looks like the on time width increased so it means the duty cycle increased right ?
Hey I like your video , it's really good but can you label which one is the current output and and which one is voltage ouptue in the animation of DSP graph
@@ExplorerStuff that's a good question, but if I place a constant DC signal from a DC generator will it work .Why is PWM used in this circuit can you explain that a bit
How do you go about converting a 5 volt 2.4amp up to 9.0 volt 20 way usb charger. I know that you use a LM 09CV rectifier. But I would like all 20 outlets read 9.0 volt. Each output. Please advise many thanks.
Good as this video is, it is yet another example of why it is important to have a human do the narration rather than a text-to-voice system. This video would likely have been better with a real voice.
Real facts there my man.
Good basic explanation.
An Analog voltage reduction uses resistance to drop the voltage,,which generates a lot of heat.
A Buck convertor storing the charge in magnetic Flux is far more efficient.
Maybe with the new AI technology this video would be a lot smoother
I was using artificial voices, but have come to the same conclusion. However, the more recent engines are much better, and a little work at spacing correctly and Interpunktion are essential. Just writing information and read it from a sheet is rarely the information people listen to.
There is so much understandable information here that my brain can’t absorb it all in one view! Great explanation and video!! Must watch it multiple times.
th-cam.com/video/LiW5phNzwvc/w-d-xo.html 👍🙏🙏🎂
True
Fr
Just replace the feedback circuit with Arduino,
i thought i'm the only one who keep repeating this.. but I agree this is great!!
Because youtube is so awesome, they cannot show the dislike counter. For those wondering if this video is good information, this video is UNMATCHED. Everything in this video is true to an Engineering A+. The fact that PWM is discussed and how it is generated further shows a true engineer wrote this video. Excellent information. Thank you for your wisdom!
Triangle wave as a duty cycle template with the comparator is freaking genius.. never crossed my mind before.
Typically a sawtooth wave is used, but either way that's how it has been done for decades.
Linearity of the triangle or sawtooth is not critical since the feedback circuit cancels any effects of non-linearity. If you are making something like a signal generator then you do want very good linearity.
The explaination of Inductor and Capacitor in this video is sarcastically more understandable than those dedicated videos out there.
This is the best channel on electronics for sure. So much detail and The explanation is perfect!
True bro!
Yep, I agree with you
Too bad it's a busted ass representation and explanation of what's going on.
Try "the engineering mindset channel " and then compare.
Explorer: is a best electronic channel ever as I found online till now. keep it up you are doing tremendous job.
Nice to see that the circuit is properly grounded !! :)
Yo that's a solid ass video my man. Very very good. Step by step explanation. I never thought of inductors as becoming a battery due to their stored up energy in the magnetic field, and now that i think about it, it feels sooo obvious. Thank you very much
😮
PWM is so useful in current regulation in everyday devices. Cheap, reliable components for speed control, etc are such a convenience
seriously underrated video.
i will remember this video as one of the videos to watch learning electronics.
Excellent explanation and video, you explained things way better than my electronics engineering professors do, lol!
استمر يا مدهش افضل قناة لشرح الدوائر الالكترونية
I recommend 0.75 x speed,
if you're using keyboard, click the video, hold shift and press < once
if you're using phone, press that three dots on the top right, and select playback speed, set to 0.75 x
I recommend 1.5x speed
Wow just wow, no comparison of your video.
Great work man, just great.
Glad you enjoyed it!😄
@@ExplorerStuff could you please tell us which software do you use for making animation? if it's possible can you please make the tutorial on your animation?
I wish I had this video in high school when I studied electronics
Which school teach this in high school 🤔🤔
@@omsingharjit in Skopje High School for electrotechnic and electronics Mihajlo Pupin
@@igorpetrusevski5399 nice education system
This stuff is not school level tech tbh, it is more like university level engineering;)
@@organicfarm5524 maybe in your country. In my country it's a high school material.
At university we learn to design the ICs
ഭയങ്കര സംഭവം തന്നെ ഈ ഇലക്ട്രോണിക്സ്
Dude you gotta come back, these videos are are the most amazing things i have ever seen
It's a great knowledge
I'm also study electronics engineering and
This channel's video helpful
what stuff do you learn in electronic engineering?
i really do not think you study anything
I am a mechanical engineer.. after watching this video, i understood life is difficult..
Thanks for sharing this video and information. I was especially happy to learn something new
Just what I was looking for, and more! The animations really helped.
Great explanation, I am glad I studied Mechanical engineering.
🤣🤣😂😂
Wow that is amazing I will show it to my students. You could make a boost converter also, then an isolated topology would be nice :). Keep up the good work!
Thanks you so much. It would be an honor. 😃
Boost converter is next.
Isolated topology will be later, after inverter. 👍
@@ExplorerStuff Many thanks, I was looking for a buck converter and took advice from an Electrical Engineer that said he would never use a cheap converter because it can damage the much more expensive battery, BMS and load, but didn't explain why. So I went to Amazon and found lots of cheap $1 bucks that are tiny and one large for $20, I was confused by the large number of components on the more expensive one when compared to the cheap version as they both claim to do the same thing, now I understand why.
@@_John_P Glad it was helpful.😀
amazing tutorial as ever, 1 more quick tip for you, new challenge emerged on TH-cam *Transformerless Power Supply* so 220AC mains dropped with the help of X-rated capacitor (down to 12 volts dc) placed before bridge rectifier, I searched a bit, yes There are few videos about it,(many of them in Hindu language) but almost no any proper video tutorial about it for English speaking audiences, it's good time for you to smash that challenge (make a detailed video about it/especially how to calculate capacitor rates for different low voltages) and become number 1 👍👍👍👍
Glad you think that I can do it.😄
And, Is it about the capacitor voltage divider?
I think I saw that.
@@ExplorerStuff not only I think so, I'm pretty sure that you can make it better than many many others ☝, I may have described it not much accurate, it's called x-rated capacitor, I'll put a link here for you to see what I'm talking about
@@ExplorerStuff m.th-cam.com/video/77kUPirIvvM/w-d-xo.html
This is a dangerous circuit.
1) No isolation from mains. (Most Important)
2) The Zener is active always (100%) and for large currents.
3) If there was no Zener diode, This would increase the output voltage to the input. 240V.
4) By 2,3 The Zener takes too much current through itself. It will burn in seconds or minutes.
5) If the neutral wire gets grounded (By Mistake or poor wiring), then the output of rectifier is double the input voltage (+240V & - 240V = 480V).
So, I won't be doing it. It's Dangerous.😄
The videos help these concepts make a whole lot more sense
Good job 👍 👏
Waiting for your next upload.
Thank you!😄
Will be soon.😁
@@ExplorerStuff Can you explain the IGPT transistor
This quality of animation and simulation to ease the deep understanding could make your channel the best....ever ! :)
I am very...impressed !!! :)
3:58 ERROR: Please note that the output voltage is independent of the load. The output voltage only depends on the input voltage and duty cycle. Changing the load could change the output current and hence output power dissipated. But you will still have a fixed average output voltage.
I was thinking the same thing when I saw it. The PWM wouldn't need to change to keep up with the change in load (assuming all the components can handle the higher current).
that's odd I'm having a laboratory work on Simetrix regarding buck converters and my groupmate has the average output voltage and the peak to peak ripple of the output voltage increasing as the load increases
@@davidglendaleardenaso8735 what control/feedback system are you using?
@@yumyum7196 a simple buck converter circuit with a PWM as switch where we find which load resistor/inductor has the boundary conduction mode
It has a maximum power rating tho. So, when it draws more current, the voltage will drop.
By far the best explanation of Buck Converter!
th-cam.com/video/LiW5phNzwvc/w-d-xo.html 🙏👍👍
Brazil, Great explanation.
This is just a robot giving a lesson on its anatomy.
Bestest video on buck convert..thanku Sir
Great video ! With your permission, I have downloaded this beautiful video and I am looking forward to your next videos. Sincerely yours from Iran.
Good effort. At 5:30, please note a Ramp is used as input to the PWM opAmp. Not a triangular wave.
Well explained. Excellent items also buck converters. Thanks for the great video. 👍👍
Great video!!! What tool did you used for animations?
Excellent explanation which I have never such explanation before
Thank you for this valuable information !
Unbelievably good video! Thanks for making it
So much detailed video great explanation :)
I like the anime... Keep up the awesome content Dude. 👍
150kHz is LM259x but the triangle wave of the modulator is only used on LM2574/5/6 which is 52kHz. Next video you need to deal with how the LC filter introduces a double pole and gives a 180degree phase shift.
THIS IS BEAUTIFUL!
Very usefully and easy understand please more video
I kind of lost at 8:30 :
Why the feedback voltage shouldn't exceed the reference voltage 8:30 ?
How the minimum output voltage was calculated 8:45 ?
If the feedback exceeds the reference then the error amplifier will output 0 (ground) and the comparator (PWM Generator) will output +12 volts.
This would turn off the MOSFET and the circuit will stop.
It's not an issue when the circuit is running, it will stabilize itself. But while designing, it should be considered.
Minimum voltage was measured from the circuit.
@@ExplorerStuff thanks for the great video and your reply !
6:17 Source and Drain orientation is also inverted depending on dope type. As if D and S weren't confusing enough terminal names to begin with.
Hello, first of all good job for explaining how it works. Second I tried to replicate the circuit in a ltspice simulator and I was not able to achieve a good result. Most probably I missed something out while trying to replicate the circuit. My voltage drop when I add a low resistive load and the variable resistor doesn't have any effect on the output so obviously something is not right in my circuit.
I noticed in your video that at min 04:00 power supply is connected to the drain pin of the mosfet while at 07:00 power is on the source pin.
Could you please share with us a clear circuit diagram so we can try to replicate it? I can send you the diagram of my circuit if you want to see it.
Thanks and looking forward to your response!
it is a lot better than my tutor.
This video explain better than my 4 years study of degree in mechatronics engineering
Dear sir its my request to u please cover the whole electronics concepts in 3d animation .. so that it ll be helpful for me to design a circuit & understand ...
I love nerdy shit even though I don't understand all of it. Still cool, I ordered one to play around with.
Great Video with perfect Explanation and easy to catch the meaning
Thank you bro for the wonderful animation
Any time Bro.😁
COOL, electronics is always fun to learn
Thank you for making such a great video
Very nicely explained video
This is the video I was needing
Wow, best explanation and video I have seen, very good.
Would you do one explaining a step up process ?
Thank you
I'm about to graduate in Electronics Engineering but I don't know all of these 😂. Thanks btw.
Excellent video, I have a question, you have technical information if there is any to design a DC DC converter with positive variable input and that has a DUAL symmetrical output (high power approx. 2A) of +15 VDC and -15 VDC. Know of some base design with the theoretical source and some switching regulator.
I am delighted with your video.
Very very nice explanation👑with details👍
Very Easy Method For an explanation
Marvelous job!
Manh.. Really great content you provide 😍
Thank you so much 😀
@@ExplorerStuff most welcome sir.. Keep providing such amazing content.. Appreciate your hard work ❤️❤️🙏🙏
So can we make a closed loop buck converter using ne555 as square wave generator and lm358 as a comparator🤔. if yes , then please make a video on it. This would be really helpful.
A square wave generator instead of the triangle wave generator.
-> It won't work, because we need a linearly varying wave (triangle, saw, ramp, etc.).
A square wave in the comparator will result in the same square wave at the output.
In a triangle wave, the intersection point between the wave and the constant voltage (by error amplifier) creates the PWM. As the constant voltage moves, the intersection point also moves.
But in the case of a square wave, the intersection point will always be on the same vertical line. Hence, its duty cycle will not change.
LM358 -> as we need two op-amp (1 for error amplifier, 1 for comparator), this will be great.
@@ExplorerStuff thanks for replying . I am newbie in electronics and that's a lot of knowledge for me. And interested in making a buck converter without using lm2596. So it would be great if u make video on it. Thank U
What software to build this video bro?
Very, very good. Congratulations.
thank you for you video,it's help me get the dc-dc convert point:the mosfet and the pwm.
Really great videos. Thanks
Aku selalu belajar elektronik bersama teman ngamen... dan ini bagus...
Amazing Animations.
th-cam.com/video/LiW5phNzwvc/w-d-xo.html 👍👍🙏🙏
Thank you very much for your animation
It would be extremely unusual to configure the voltage error amplifier for unity gain at DC. Typically, though not always, the EA is run open-loop at DC and the frequency compensation components assure proper 0 dB gain crossover at a frequency that maintains adequate phase margin for stability.
so nicely explained
Thank you for video. 👍👍
Waiting for Animation of induction heating process...
Induction heating ? That's like water boiling, too simple to make animations for it
Real very very helpful please make videos on dc inverter
Thank you.😄
Inverters are large and complex. It will be done in parts.
This is one part of it. More will be covered in upcoming videos.👍
Thanks for replying requesting you to make play lis for inverter cause it is being used in now in most of Electrical home appliance
Wow! man great job👍
Mind blowing Animation
Waiting your next man🇮🇳
beautiful, just a wonderful explanation!
The explanation is fantastic
Love this channel keep going.
Very nice explanation and fantastic animation
nice Briefing. Very Good.
Wow, this is better than Sciencephile
What program do you use to make this video?
2:16
Hey, can someone help me understand Buck Converters? :)
I do not understand the negative voltage spike when switching off the mosfet
The magnetic field in the coil is converted into current and, according to Lenz's rule, wants to counteract its origin, i.e. prevent the voltage / current drop or maintain the voltage / current
Thus, the coil discharges, similar to a battery
But why should there be a big negative charge on the left side?
It’s due to voltage leading the current in an inductor. When the voltage goes to 0, the current follows 90 degrees later and produces a high negative voltage spike (ELI the ICE man)
Ok so lately all my car dome/celing lights and dashboard clocks ⏰ have been frying up. Then I checked my car battery 🔋 voltage ⚡ is sending 14.2V to these devices whereas required voltage should've been 12V. I then bought a couple of these dc to dc converters but it doesn't convert 14V to required 12V to these accessories I need..any help?
Beautiful video..!!!
Very very good! Thanks a million 🤗
I watched all ads in this video :)
I missed this. Thanks for everything.
Sir you are doing a great work please make more videos on electronic circuit designing
Hey this is a dumb question but how did the inductor discharging made a high negative point therep and also why use low voltage diode there
Also you said when the constant supply decrease duty cycle decrease , but in the output it looks like the on time increased so duty cycle also increase right? I didn't understand that working clearly
When the inductor discharges (in this video) the current flows towards right thus electrons flow towards left. Also, the left terminal is open (MOSFET is off). This creates excess of electrons near the left terminal thus creating the negative voltage(let -5V).
Now, if you give them (electrons) a path to flow, we will not get their accumulation and the only path is towards ground(0V).
So we add a diode such that when the inductor terminal gets negative, the diode turns on and allow the electrons to flow.
But when will it turn on?
That depends on its forward voltage or voltage drop (here ground is positive w.r.t the terminal) (let voltage drop be 1V)
The ground will always be at 0V.
Now, as the voltage at inductor terminal drops below 1V (or less than -1V). The diode will turn on and thus the voltage will not fall more than -1V.
Now, if voltage drop is 0.7V thus it will conduct at -0.7V.
So we use a low voltage drop diode.
And schottky also works at high frequencies.
Hence, a low voltage drop schottky diode.
@@ExplorerStuff hey also when the constant supply decreases you said pwm duty cycle decreases but in the output it looks like the on time width increased so it means the duty cycle increased right ?
@@ExplorerStuff thanks for the reply
Yeah, it increases😅.
Thanks for noticing.
@@ExplorerStuff yeah was confused 😅
I like these animation explanations. what soft you used to make the animation?
Thank you for this video, if you want, I would like to know how Boost converter work
Its coming soon. 😀
Hey I like your video , it's really good but can you label which one is the current output and and which one is voltage ouptue in the animation of DSP graph
Thank you.😀
Voltage = Green / Red
Current = Yellow
@@ExplorerStuff ohh thanks 👍
@@ExplorerStuff hey I have another doubt if your using high frequency pulse width modulation why not use a constant signal
@@Rohit-xc3tl And how we will use it ?
What will it control ?
@@ExplorerStuff that's a good question, but if I place a constant DC signal from a DC generator will it work .Why is PWM used in this circuit can you explain that a bit
Can I add this buck converter to dc motor and charge my mobile phone? And in case of iphone, how to add resistors to usb deta lines (to bias them)
5:36 the red and white connecting lines are mixed up. The red line should connect to negative terminal, while white should go to positive terminal.
How do you go about converting a 5 volt 2.4amp up to 9.0 volt 20 way usb charger. I know that you use a LM 09CV rectifier. But I would like all 20 outlets read 9.0 volt. Each output.
Please advise many thanks.