Native German speaker. I would translate Heimat as homeland. It can sometimes be more local but it generally refers to the country or at least state you live in.
Heimat does translate as home, but has connotations of homeland, so also translates as homeland (of which Heimatland more specifically refers). It's interesting that in the US after 9/11, departments in the federal government were reorganized into the Department of Homeland Security, which is the first time to my knowledge that homeland was widely used in the US (at least I never recall it being used prior to 9/11).
Do you think the nazis took over while 30 million people tried to figure out what the other 88 parties stood for. I can t vote for the dvn after what the knd did to the pdn. After that riot by the rrn the ssd seems the way to go. But there s only 60 people in the ssd and they re all plumbers. The rsvp says chaos will erupt if the nas and the rpm form a coalition
Heimat is more than the area you come from. It is the people, the culture, region and so much more. Heimat can be applied to your nation, your home province, hometown or just your house. The concept of Heimat is quite hard to translate.
Saying the DVP was supportive of the republic isn't really true. The DVP was a monarchist party and wished to see the restoration of the Hohenzollern monarchy, just in the form of a proper constitutional monarchy as opposed to the autocratic form of monarchy the DNVP wanted.
About the second Poster for the NSDAP you showed: The guy on the left is supposed to be an interlectual (Stirn=[for-]Head). The scars on his left cheek are quite typical for german fraternity students, especialy back then, when duel-fencing was practiced more often. So this Poster is aimed both at labourers and academics
Do you know Jesus Christ can set you free from sins and save you from hell today Jesus Christ is the only hope in this world no other gods will lead you to heaven There is no security or hope with out Jesus Christ in this world come and repent of all sins today Today is the day of salvation come to the loving savior Today repent and do not go to hell Come to Jesus Christ today Jesus Christ is only way to heaven Repent and follow him today seek his heart Jesus Christ can fill the emptiness he can fill the void Heaven and hell is real cone to the loving savior today Today is the day of salvation tomorrow might be to late come to the loving savior today Romans 6.23 For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. John 3:16-21 16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. 17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. 18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. Mark 1.15 15 And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel. 2 Peter 3:9 The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. Hebrews 11:6 6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him. Jesus
Some things I'd like to address in this and in the previous videos: The S in SPD does NOT stand for Sozialistisch (socialist). It stands for SOZIALDEMOKRATISCH (social democrat). Social democrats are very much different from socialists. The KPD's history was one of various splits and mergers of different movements and ideologies. There were various violent and anti-democratic groups under its banner, but it was not purely anti-democratic. And it only turned full Stalinist in 1929. Also communism and democracy are not mutually exclusive, even though it is often made out to be so, especially in the English language. Heimat means something like home-place and it can refer to the country, a state, a land, a city or any small area. Deutschnational does not mean Germany, it means German-national; of, for, with German nation. It's a nationalist slogan. Unrat means scum, not stupidity. Other than that, great video. You did a great job showing how the NSDAP combined extreme left and right agitation and managed to gain a ton of voters with that.
This is a slight slip-up on my part concerning the SPD, although I find English lacks a lot of words that the other Germanic languages, (Dutch and German for my knowledge) do have concerning politics and political leanings seeing as England is essentially a two party affair with about 3 smaller, less important parties as well as the nationalist parties of Scotland and Wales and to a lesser extent those representing the interest groups in Northern Ireland (Republicans and Unionists). Dutch and German both have words that can be linked together to make another although this is not the case in English. While it's true that SPD does stand for Sozialdemokratisch Partei Deutschland, the socialist roots of it are undeniable and this was still lingering in the Weimar Period as I later mention when explaining that they were often hard to work with in coalition because of their traditional further left leaning nature and their newer liberal ideals. It was a Marxist party in 1875 following a merge with another party and was called the SAPD Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands. But you are right that much of the further left members split off into the USPD and so the SPD of the Weimar did call itself then Sozialdemokratisch Partei Deutschland, they were and still are socialist in nature - they're even a part of the Party of European Socialists and Socialists International I discovered upon further research. Although you are absolutely correct that they are Socialist-Democratic which I do mention sets them apart from their non-so-much-comrades in the USPD and KPD as they were for the democratic process whereas the extreme leftists were not. Though this is true, from the offset of its creation spawned from disillusioned USPD members and the Spartakusbund up until the change of leadership and more compliance to the Soviet Command in the early 1920's, the party's aim to facilitate and support full-scale revolution in Germany and they did support attempts like the Red Ruhr Uprising in 1920 with financial aid from the USSR. Perhaps it was not purely anti-democratic but that's what its aim was either through direct revolution (1918-1923) and then indirectly through following the Soviet's behest for the rest of its existence in Weimar. Perhaps in principle but in practice I think Communism is nearly always not democratic - a state can't become communist for one term of government, the whole system reworked, the means of production seized, the currency taken completely from the banks and into the hands of the government only for the next election to have an option to vote for a capitalist government again. I'm sure anyone under the former Soviet Republics would agree with me. I was not aware of Deutschnational being a slogan, although I think I just translated it as meaning German or Germany and I mistranslated "unrat", thinking it was made up of the word "rat" meaning council or advice like in Bundesrat - thanks for letting me know about these! Thank you very much for taking the time to raise all of these points, it's led me to researching more into this and finding more out about it which is always a good thing. I'm very glad you enjoyed the video, even if my thick Dutch tongue can't wrap around those juicy German words :D
Thanks for your reply, thanks for all the research you did and for the video. Keep up the good work! And don't be too hard on yourself about the pronunciations, I have heared people absolutely butcher them before and you did a very good job ;)
If we're talking "in practice" wouldn't they not even be Communist? North Korea calls themselves a "Democratic Peoples' Republic" but are they? etc etc. I might be laboring under a misconception, but wasn't the criteria for being "Communist" the complete abolition of the State? I know it varies from party to party (hell, from Commie to Commie), but I feel too many otherwise intelligent individuals consider Marxist, Socialist, and Communist to be interchangeable when they are not, and that all three of these are usually considered "Authoritarian" as a rule when they are not, by definition and ideals. The whole Leninist "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" concept is perhaps one of the more unpopular concepts in that particular school of thought. Anyone know if this was a tenet of the KPD's platform? Btw, I'm not a Communist or a Marxist, and for the most part I don't adhere nor advocate for any one particular economic system, though I would fit squarely under the "Communalist" umbrella, I suppose.
09:24 Heimat* in Denmark we have the word Hjemstavn it means the same as the german word Heimat. and to my knolage it translate to (Where my home is/Where i am born/Where my roots are)
Interesting! English is severely lacking a similar word although I think I explain it well enough in the video :) Interesting that a similar word exists in Denmark :) Would you say your Hjemstavn (I guess coming from Hjem for "home" and stavn for perhaps a "place" or "dwelling"?) is your town and the towns around it or more like your province?
Yes my Hjemstavn the place i feel at home is the part of the province i am born and still live. ( i live only 10 km from where i was born. But i think that the use of the word in the danish langue isen't as common as it used to be when i was a child. I live in the southern part of denmark that was german from 1864 up untill 1920 where the province came back to the kingdom of denmark. this might be why the word was more common in my province than in the rest of denmark. You mentioned that heimat was a big thing in germany. But you sounded as you didn't know why heimat was and still is a big thing in germany? ( it's not as big as it was only 10 years ago) its because of WW II. A lot of german teritory went to poland and russia. but the germans that used to live there fleed during the war others where deported to germany after the war. othies germans saw and some do still see the their old homtowns as their Heimat. You also see it in Finland ( many of the people that used to live in east karelien still see their old farmsteds and villages as their home. But if they have a Word for it i dont know
@Zachary Menking no it wouldent. My home in german would be mein zuhause. Heimat on the other side is where my roots are where my hart still is. it was used a lot by the german refuges that where forced to leave the areas that the soviets snatched from germany after the soviets won the second world war in europe. Also used by the germans that where kicked out from poland and czechoslovakia right after world war 2 the word isent just a place but a place tied to strong feelings the person has for that place.
Splitting the vote isnt such a big issue in Germany since there is no "winner takes it all" voting system. Thats why so many parties were in the parliament in the first place. It fractures stuff to some degree but those forces would be fractured within a single party too.
At least in Germany today, pretty much all parties refuse to form a coalition with the populist left, if you will, just as much as with the populist right. You have to realise, too, that the mainstream far left was much more extreme back then than it is now. Same goes for the far right.
Its extremely rare to see a situation where other countries are more invested and interested in another country's history and politics than the country is interested in its own history. I studied Weimar Germany in year 9, like many people. I hope the Germans know just how much of our childhoods they inhabit XD
Correction regarding the KPD: Proportional Representation doesn't "spilt the vote" in the same way the first-past-the-post/plurality voting of the US & UK does, unless the portion of vote a party receives is so small it doesn't pass the threshold. First-Past-The-Post is responsible for a lot of abhorrent voting results, such as the UK 2015 election, where the Conservatives won 51% of the seats with 37% of the vote, and Labour 38% the seats with only 30% the vote.
awesome content! I am watching Babylon Berlin(awesome series) and this info is incredibly interesting and helpful for putting into context the politics of the period.
and for people who get confused over the term storm troopers. While it´s a correct option to translate Sturm-Abteilung with. There were storm troopers from the first world war which were deployed to attack enemy trenches with Stielhandgranaten, later in the war they were equipped with the MP-18 one of the first ever invented SMGs. The Sturm-Abteilung can also be translated as "Storm department" which is more accurate to the german term and prevents people from getting lost in translation. Since the Storm Department was not a military unit but the armed forces of the NSDAP that was used to cause riots in the streets, protect their members at public speeches and assault communist party members. So really two completely types of "Strom Troopers"
Papen was not really a nazi, especially not during the weimar republic. He wanted the monarchy back. He was actually a counterpart to hitler who played his role so badly that it was easier for the nazis to take over thanks to his doing. He did not intentionally get the nazis into power, he actually tried to keep them from power. Due to the unstable situation he had to give in for a coalition with the Nazi party thinking he could control them, soon he lost power and was sent to austira and turkey as an ambassador. When he was lead in front of a court after the holocaust he was found innocent in all charges, later he was sentenced to 8 years of prison but was freed 2 years after that. Heimat is rather home region, home land,... definitely related to the word home. Can be the country, the state, the region or town one lives in. They can all be counted as Heimat.
In early times yes, but the Party got more stalinistic and so it became antidemocratic. There were just few "NonRadicals" like Liebknecht and Luxemburg but they got killed just few weeks after the foundation of the KPD.
As a German this video was shockingly bad information wise. I hope people don't take anything away other than maybe names of political parties. You misrepresented almost every political parties actual platforms, affliations, the dynamics within that time period, and all sorts of other facts... Edit: Even some of the names of political parties are wrong
Just wanted to say that not only is this video series great, it also talks about a oft-ignored part of both German and European political history. Perhaps you could do the same sort of analysis of political eras for more countries (UK, Netherlands?), as this has been a delight to listen to.
I love these videos, and learning about the conditions that led to the rise of Hitler. It's something that we must all understand, objectively and dispassionately.
I am not a Communist but saying that Communists and Socialists wanted to destroy democracy with democracy truly shows the lack of understanding of the substance of the video. If you want to critique arguments be sure to know what the arguments are. Otherwise, you are committing a straw-man fallacy. The Communists and Socialist who decided to go along the democratic path in achieving Communism believed that after the gradual reformation of the society is done there will be no need for a government to dictate equality and redistribute wealth. People will just understand that being fair to one another is better. This part is though too optimistic and can be critiqued, but not by saying that all dirty commies and socialists were anti-democratic.
Indeed early leaders of KPD （such as Rosa Luxemburg）wanted to have a democratic society for the poletraits. But it changed later in 1920s-into a more Stalinnist‘s Soviet Style.
Saying the KPD was anti-democratic is wrong, as it's primary founder Rosa Luxemburg preached democratic socialism, and criticised the USSR/Marxism-Leninism and other communist ideologies for their lack of democratic rights and freedoms.
But the KPD in late Weimar period was literally controlled by Moscow and followed hardline Stalinism, fighting democrats as "social fascists" and attacking all criticism of USSR as capitalist propaganda. The USSR was the worker's paradise for them.
Whilst Rosa Luxemburg was very critical of the Soviet Union, she did not believe in the same type of democracy that we would think of today when hearing the word. And at the end her party was nothing else than a literal puppet of Stalin.
@@gauzyantelope4985 Next time, if you don’t want to get killed, don’t try to violently overthrow a democratic government and install a dictatorship while on orders from a foreign country
Hi Hilbert... love your content. Simply translated "Heimat" means "Homeland". Yes, in a sense for a translation of sentiment at that time, you are dead on.
They were called the Centre Party because when they entered the Reichstag they sat in the centre between the conservatives on the right and the liberals on the left. The terms left, right and centre had not yet acquired their current meanings. They merely referred to where a party sat in the legislature.
not understanding where the SPD and the DVP differ? They both seem to be center, democracy supporting, and against authoritarianism? What are their major differences? the seem like natural allies
SPD catered towards the demands of the lower class especially post-war and was a left-based party, though not nearly as far as KPD. DVP catered towards capitalistic interests so businessmen and was also opposed to the new republic but would participate in coalition governments.
German Here, the DDPs poster days "Against Dictators of the left and the right", i understand where the confusion could come from. Also, Heimat means more " place of birth/belonging", so it has a strong connotation with where one comes from in terms of social and geological Perspektive. Also Papen wasnt a Nazi :P
Also (because i forgot to add it) the SA werent "Sturmtroopers". Those Were a Military Specialty Unit. The SA was just the Militia Movement of the NSDAP. Pretty much all Weimar Parties had a Militia Movement, even the SPD and the Zentrum, which is why noone ever questioned the Nazis having one themselves
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! I'm currently doing A level history and I've been struggling so much recently because I don't understand the politics at all (and I used to be an A grade student at GCSE). But this is quiet useful, so thanks!
currently me right now, a levels and gcses are so not the same and there was me entering a level history with pride and confidence due to my A in gcse history haha.
To the SPD, I don't Know when the Switch happend, but today it is called (with full Name) "sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" instead of "sozialistische Partei Deutschlands" and the immage by 8:30 at least hind towarts the assumtion that it was also at this Time the case
The portrayal of the KPD in this video is really bad, and I say this as someone who would totally have been a somewhat reluctant SPD supporter and hates Stalinism. First of all, there was a working-class revolution in Germany in November 1918, which overthrew the Kaiser and established a SPD--USPD government with a mandate to implement socialism. The USPD being a left-wing split from the SPD over the SPD's voting to fund WW1, which was a betrayal of the party's internationalist position. When the SPD government essentially began to repress the more radical forces among the workers, there was a largely spontaneous rebellion which the radical left wing of the USPD, the Spartakusbund, joined in, and this rebellion was suppressed by the SPD government with the help of far-right paramilitaries such as the Freikorps, the leaders of Spartakus being murdered without trial. This drove a wedge between the SPD and KPD which explains their division far more than the KPD wanting to sabotage democracy, at least before ~1929. Because here's the second thing - the KPD wasn't a puppet of Moscow for most of Weimar. They were one of the hardest parties for Stalin and his supporters to properly seize, because they had massive native backing, especially as over half the USPD voted to join the KPD in 1920. Three successive leaderships of the KPD, under Paul Levi, Heinrich Brandler and Ruth Fischer, were purged by the Communist International because they were all anti-Stalinist. Levi was a strong supporter OF DEMOCRACY, and ended up in the SPD, trying to push the party left. Fischer moved towards Trotskyism, and condemned Stalin's brutal centralisation. And Brandler and Thalheimer ended up in the KPD(Opposition), which explicitly advocated for cooperation with the SPD. Last thing - the USSR never attained "communism" in their view, only "socialism", and even this is debatable as practically every non-"Marxist-Leninist" tendency on the left think they never got there. There were many ideas of how to attain communism, and even most of the SPD had that as an objective, their difference was more on revolution vs reform, and eventually dictatorship vs democracy due to the USSR's growing influence. "Communism" is not Stalinist dictatorship, and it's more interesting to question whether it's even achievable, rather than slandering it.
While it’s a good thing you’ve done your research, you keep pushing the old narrative that Moscow never achieved “Communism”. Communism in its practical sense is more or less the ideological dogmas heeded by the KPSS(b) and the CCP. It does not a single lick of good to ignore this. These were/are communist regimes, no matter how far from the ever-so-precious theory it has diverged from.
at 20:00 you're translating the lower picture kind of poorly. it says: worker of the (fore-) head, of the fist... which is metaphorical. the idea is to address blue and white collar workers as on common ground. it's intentionally inclusive.
This video is on point IF you lower your expectations to basic understanding, except for 2 things I've noticed: 1. Franz von Papen was a monarchist. That's why the SPD poster in the video shows a crown along with the symbols for Nazis & communists. Papen = monarchist, Hitler = Nazi, Thalmann = Communist. Papen was a (relatively conservative) member of the Zentrum Party who had become an Independent by the time Hitler had begun his quest for absolute power. When he, Paul von Hindenburg, & other pro-conservative monarchists had failed to maneuver the Nazis into political containment & The Night of the Long Knives had occurred, he bluntly proclaimed "My service to the Fatherland is over!" & promptly resigned the vice-chancellorship. Quite the hard-line Nazi supporter, wouldn't you say? He was also acquitted of criminal charges at the Nuremberg Trials. 2. What I'm I'm about to say is an unpopular view, but the Nazis weren't actually Right or Left Wing. They were Third Positionists. Basically this means that they were Authoritarian rather than Libertarian/Liberal on their stance on government, Right-Wing on Social Issues, Moderate/Center on economic issues, with hard-line racist policies/ worldview thrown into the mix. The racist stuff isn't necessarily found in other Third Position ideologies, but is/was a core component of National Socialist ideology. The National Socialist worldview is horribly misunderstood by both the Left & Right because it is basically between them both & most people on either side have a hard time seeing that libertarian-authoritarian axis is actually a thing & then also realizing that (from classical left & right vantage points) actual left or right ideologies are simultaneously "beyond" what the Nazis stood for. It's like if you were to look at a wall (Nazis) and not be able to see over it to see (depending on which side you're on) to see the actual "true" left or right that is too be found there. For the record, if I were alive during The Weimar Republic era, I'd be a DNVP supporter. Before anyone complains, need I remind them that it was Aristocrats, Pro-Monarchists, & suppressed/underground DNVP supporters that attempted to assassinate Hitler & install a provisional conservative government to negotiate with the Allies & end World War 2 during the failed Operation Valkyrie coup of July 20th, 1944. Yes, I know that the DNVP ended up failing to contain the Nazis from gaining absolute power and, to a certain degree, worked with Nazis in the very early 1930's on government policies. I can't speak for all hard-line, old fashioned monarchists & conservatives, but I am personally very sorry for how historical events have turned out since then. If only......If only.....
The NSDAP was kind of a conundrum. It was very right wing in some circumstances, but very left wing in others. Economically, it was rather socialist. It wasn't so much in favor of the free market as they believed it to be controlled by Jews. However, they also hated Communism, because they believed them to be a bunch of Jew loving Slavs. The NSDAP is typically considered to be hardline right wing, but it's more right wing on social issues and left wing on economic issues. They were also more Identitarian than the communists. Economically they disagreed with the communists on who the Bourgeoisie class were.
these are awesome! more on Germany from first world war to the second world war please! also if you consider doing some from the stuart age, you would be so so helpful!
Thank you very much, I'm glad you're enjoying them! I'll be making more of those in the future :) And yes that's another era I love! I have a video coming soon about the Battle of Newburn (1641) which was during the reign of King Charles I and I will also have some videos on the Duke of Monmouth, the Glorious Revolution and probably quite a few about the Jacobites as they're personal favourites of mine ;)
3:59 the assertion that getting rid of democracy is a goal of the communist left is somewhat reductive. The authoritarian bent of most socialist led countries such as the USSR is more a result of their revolutionary context than antidemocratic goals. Democratic institutions were a big part of all these governments and remain so in those which remain sich as Cuba or Vietnam. Regretably they still largely run on capitalist economies but their socialist bent serves to mitigate the worst aspects of that capitalist system.
As others have noted, Franz von Papen was a Monarchist rather than a Nazi. He was a conservative Catholic, a staunch supporter of Kaiser Wilhelm II, a militaristic nationalist, and a member of the Zentrum party. He was a fellow traveler of the German People's Party (DVP), German National People's Party (DNVP), and later the National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP) only insofar as they were all opposed to the KPD and SPD.
God I HATE the left/right spectrum, it is for the most part utterly meaningless, pejorative and subjective. Even if you can reach a consensus on what left and right actually mean (every ideology seems to have its own definition) then you have the controversial problem of placing particular parties and individuals on it. Personally I think people and parties should be referred to by what they are (liberal, conservative, socially conservative socialist, national socialist, national conservative, marxist-leninist etc.) with the utmost detail, not where someone subjectively thinks they are on some imaginary spectrum.
I know this an old comment but I’ll say this: It doesn’t make sense too me how people are placed on the left of the spectrum due to economics, and the right based off of social values. Because of this how would one classify stasserism. It’s socialist economically but shared Nazi views on race and culture. They certainly wouldn’t be in the center considering they were still radical.
@@chunkyfunkymonkey201 To answer again: both sides are represented by politics. Economy is so publicized In america that they use it To differentiate left from right, while its unaccurate
KDP was not controlled by Soviets because the head leader of the party Luxemburg was constantly at odds with how soviet style Russia was being run. So, they were closer to republican run communism also known as Luxemburgism where each specialized work gets its own board to plan out how run the economy. Next fascism is right wing because the principals of left wing politics is to break down class structure, and make life equal for women and all races. Fascism likes to call itself socialism hence the name for the Nazi but it’s only to garnish wavering socialist and unintelligent working class persons. They knew they could easily twist there arms as well as get the support of governments and businesses already in power. Fascism works with those already in power, is built upon racism and nationalism, and keeps capitalism in place which downtroddens the classes structure.
I never liked both considering Communism "Left" nor considering nazism "Right", as I personally think both fall outside any spectrum. It is in our obsession to try to create a system that encompasses everything that we drag things that shouldn't be there inside a system, as if we tried to give a rock a gender, or give a planet a "race".
Some minor annotations: I think the DDP slogan would be better represented by "Against dictatorship from left or right" I'm not 100% sure (on the Saxony part) because it is quite ambiguous but I think "Sachsen frei von Marxistischem Unrat" translates to "(for a) Saxony freed from Marxist filth" but "Unrat" would translate to "filth" or "trash". and "Arbeiter der Stirn der Faust" would translate to "Workers of the head, of the fist" (So... whether you are intellectual or working class..) The SPD originally also planned to introduce Socialism through reform rather than revolution. And the Idea to introduce communism via democracy is not that far fetched in those days. The modern German constitution can protect itself, but the constitution of Weimar was quite vulnerable to anti-democratic governments. Basically the Nazis built a dictatorship using mostly (then) legal ways.
thank you very much. great details. and id like to see more. QUESTION. why does the guy in the end wears a mask. what do you know about this . what did you do. ANSWER ME
Considering how missed up Germany was in during this time period. I would probably, vote of the DNVP. Because, why not? What could possibly can go wrong?
The DDP and the DVP were the liberal parties of the Weimarer Republik, in contrast to the worker parties KPD, SPD, USPD, KAPD on the left and and the conservative and reactionary parties DNVP and later NSdAP on the right. There base was the "Bürgertum", from rich factory owners to little shop keepers, and educated employees. The difference: The DDP was more left winged, the DVP more right winged liberals. Especially in the early phase of the WR the DDP was in strong support of the republic, while the DVP prefered the monarchy.
KPD wasn't anti-democracy. It wanted a different kind of democracy where the working class ruled, unlike the current form of democracy where the bourgeoisie rules.
Heimat means like home but it's more the area you live in rather than a house keep up the good work very informative and nice-made video but for me as a German it's not accurate enough
Was it really necessary to put up a traffic light chart with the right wing in green? Seems like you're going from bad to good, which hopefully was not the intention.
Maybe it would be better, if you Made a Version with the political classification of the political compass: th-cam.com/video/5u3UCz0TM5Q/w-d-xo.html . It would make things much more precise instead of relying on the very ambigous left - right scale.
The political compass is only suitable to the categorize the political beliefs in the Irregular contemporary American political spectrum, not applicable to early 20th century Europe, or to contemporary Europe for a matter of fact. left and right are not ambiguous at all, everybody knows what they mean, why add any complications with unnecessary variables. the farther you go to the end of the left and right spectrum the more authoritarian you get, the closer you are to the center the more democratic you get. sure that leaves the Anarchists outside, but they didn't participate in the political process, and aside from Spanish civil war, they were wholy inconsequential.
Gad Yariv But there are also libertarian Rights-Anarcho -Capitalists and there are Authoritarian Lefts, so there is a whole Spektrum, this scale does not explain. Also, the Political compass Well explains the Position of Parties on Its Website.
libertarian Rights-Anarcho -Capitalists don't really exist. it's a fiction. The so-called "libertarians" are an oddity of American politics. Liberterians aren't Anarchists! They are a by-product of a uoniq American problem. the USA is a country that is made out of 50 different countries, and that dichotomy created resentments against the central government, it's really born out of the issue of state government vs federal government. and although Germany is a federal state, that Diconamy is not as extreme e in Germany. what defines global left and right is nationalism vs Internationalism. what defines American left and right is state nationalism or federal nationalism. the true left is completely absent from American politics, American politics is extremely skewed to the right. the original Euro librarians, the left libertarians were true anarchists, technically on the left, because they were internationalists, but they were really outside the political spectrum and didn't participate in the process, so as I said before they are unimportant and irrelevant. When the USA was formed it was formed as a loose coalition of independent nations, and since then was a trend to drop the local state nationalism in favor of greater federal nationalisim, culminating in a civil war. after that civil war state nationalism was delegitimized politically, and out of that grew libertarianism, state nationalism in the guise of anarchisim. Libertarians are really just a cumulation of old Calvinist ideas about, that basically said that gods love the rich. mixed with hate for the central government in Washington. it's really irrelevant to the Weimar Republic, or to any nation other than the USA! Libertarians are just confused. as I said earlier at the two corners of the left and right political spectrume are the Athureterians (Communists, Fascists, Royalists and etc...) in the middle are the Democrats (Socialists, Social Democrats,Liberals, Liberal nationalists and etc...) the Anarchists are outside and irelevant becouse they have no interest in politics and govormence, and Liberterians didn't exsist and aren't realy a real political idiolagy.
Gad Yariv It doenst matter, what Libertarians are in the USA, but the Political Compass defines them as an opposite of the Authoritarians, www.politicalcompass.org/analysis2. And your thesis, that Anarcho - Capitalists are a fiction is wrong, I know several. libertarian leftists are Anarcho -Communists.
The opposite of Athureterian is Democratic, not libertarian. Democrats are in the middle of the left and right spectrum. Athucrats are in the corners, that makes the cross shaped political spectrum unnecessary. Anarcho - Capitalism and Anarcho -Communism is contradictions in terms. capitalism is the idea that the means of productions should be possessed by capiotalists, Communism is the idea that the means of productions should be possessed by the state. Anarchists advocate the destruction of all structures of power, the state, and the capital. that is why right libertarians can't be anarchists. and besides, they didn't exist in 1924-1928 as a political movement, not even in the USA libertarianism didn't exist before the 1970's, so they are entirely irrelevant! Libertarianism is just a reactionary conservative ideology and is actually very Athureterian and undemocratic.
the kpd's party line came directly from moscow. their goal was to install a similar system as the one in stalinist russia. of course they were anti-democratic, what is there even to debate?
Generally from books that I've read on the topic - my room is like a shelf-less library with a pile of manuscripts in every corner ;) No problem at all, glad you're still enjoying the videos!
the treaty of versaille was unfair Germany just wanted to help Austria by declaraing war against serbia which later was a war criminal nation in yougoslav war and Austrain heir was killed so Germany just did what an ally would do take revenge for it ally but nope france couldnt stand it and poked their froggy nosw
I guess, they didn't get the Democracy working right. The Wehner Republic was build, and held together by Tape, Chewing gum, and hope. Ok, it was just constantly unstable, and Bankrupt. Take a guess who got taxed the most? Young people, and Women.
...Heimat simply means Home. Maybe a broader definition of home (as in saying, your country is your home, your village is your home, as opped to your house).
Would you mind writing the complete names of the parties and not just the acronyms? For someone that wasn't born in Germany most acronyms mean nothing at all
KPD: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands USPD: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands SPD: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands DDP: Deutsche Demokratische Partei Zentrum DVP: Deutsche Volkspartei DNVP: Deutschnationale Volkspartei NSDAP: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
It is probably not useful to the English-only speakers, but for the bilingual the full names of all these acronyms would be helpful in remembering them. I know we can look this up, but for next time, you may consider saying the full name at least at the beginning. e.g. DDP= Deutsche Demokratische Partei, a liberal party. I think this would be useful to many.
You should have discussed the BVP, If they had not interfered in the presidential electiom, Hindenburg would have lost. However in your excellent presentatiom, between 1924 and 1928 this might not matter,
Cathy S despite having the world socialist in its title, the nazis were not known for caring for the poor or the disabled and I wouldn’t expect them to start throwing pride parades. North Korea is officially the democratic people’s Republic of Korea but it is as far from democracy as you can get.
If being "known for caring for the poor" makes a government socialist, then what was the USSR? If a claim only (lip service) of supporting the working man qualifies as socialist then both NAZI Germany and the USSR were both socialist. But if caring for the lazy, such as many of the recent immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa seem to be, is one of your criteria then neither of those governments were socialist. And if not authoritarian socialist what were they? .... Certainly not democratic or free market capitalist. The real fault with both of those governments was their being entirely run from the top with little or no chance of any real input from the common people ever being solicited or even tolerated.
the USSR was a dictatorship, it was so socialist it let hundreds of thousands of its citizens starve to death because the government didn't like the capitalistic agricultural policies. It was so Democratic that they executed the entire general staff based on a rumor that some of them might have been considering to oppose the regime. Which was actually false and the rumor was started by hitler so that the russians would destroy their own military before the invasion. Classic dictatorships don't really change that much and they probably won't ever change that much. Mostly because they work, up until they don't but at that point the dictator is dead so its not their problem anymore.
Hilbert, with all due respect, I believe you made two small errors in your reference comparing Weimar parties to British parties. 1) You neglected the effect on the Labour Party of the equally left-wing SNP in Scotland, and 2) UKIP (generally perceived as right or far-right) actually out-polled the Greens in June of this year. And Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, does not translate as 'National' Socialist German Workers' Party, as you translate it, but as 'National' Socialist German Workers' Party.
I just double checked, and what I did was to leave the '-ist' off Hilbert's translation. Both in the visuals and in the audio he refers to it as the 'Nationalist' Socialist German Workers Party.
Native German speaker. I would translate Heimat as homeland. It can sometimes be more local but it generally refers to the country or at least state you live in.
Heimat does translate as home, but has connotations of homeland, so also translates as homeland (of which Heimatland more specifically refers).
It's interesting that in the US after 9/11, departments in the federal government were reorganized into the Department of Homeland Security, which is the first time to my knowledge that homeland was widely used in the US (at least I never recall it being used prior to 9/11).
Do you think the nazis took over while 30 million people tried to figure out what the other 88 parties stood for. I can t vote for the dvn after what the knd did to the pdn. After that riot by the rrn the ssd seems the way to go. But there s only 60 people in the ssd and they re all plumbers. The rsvp says chaos will erupt if the nas and the rpm form a coalition
Heimat is more than the area you come from. It is the people, the culture, region and so much more. Heimat can be applied to your nation, your home province, hometown or just your house. The concept of Heimat is quite hard to translate.
I was going to say the same!
Heimat ist so weit die Deutsche Zunge reicht.
Saying the DVP was supportive of the republic isn't really true. The DVP was a monarchist party and wished to see the restoration of the Hohenzollern monarchy, just in the form of a proper constitutional monarchy as opposed to the autocratic form of monarchy the DNVP wanted.
Imagine: The Z, DDP, DVP, BVP and DNVP merge into one party.
About the second Poster for the NSDAP you showed:
The guy on the left is supposed to be an interlectual (Stirn=[for-]Head). The scars on his left cheek are quite typical for german fraternity students, especialy back then, when duel-fencing was practiced more often.
So this Poster is aimed both at labourers and academics
Do you know Jesus Christ can set you free from sins and save you from hell today
Jesus Christ is the only hope in this world no other gods will lead you to heaven
There is no security or hope with out Jesus Christ in this world come and repent of all sins today
Today is the day of salvation come to the loving savior Today repent and do not go to hell
Come to Jesus Christ today
Jesus Christ is only way to heaven
Repent and follow him today seek his heart Jesus Christ can fill the emptiness he can fill the void
Heaven and hell is real cone to the loving savior today
Today is the day of salvation tomorrow might be to late come to the loving savior today
Romans 6.23
For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
John 3:16-21
16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. 17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. 18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
Mark 1.15
15 And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.
2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.
Hebrews 11:6
6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
Jesus
i know this is a older video but Von Papen was not a member of the NSDAP he was more center right and a Conservative
He is better described as a monarchist
He joined in 1938 the nsdap.
Some things I'd like to address in this and in the previous videos:
The S in SPD does NOT stand for Sozialistisch (socialist). It stands for SOZIALDEMOKRATISCH (social democrat). Social democrats are very much different from socialists.
The KPD's history was one of various splits and mergers of different movements and ideologies. There were various violent and anti-democratic groups under its banner, but it was not purely anti-democratic. And it only turned full Stalinist in 1929.
Also communism and democracy are not mutually exclusive, even though it is often made out to be so, especially in the English language.
Heimat means something like home-place and it can refer to the country, a state, a land, a city or any small area.
Deutschnational does not mean Germany, it means German-national; of, for, with German nation. It's a nationalist slogan.
Unrat means scum, not stupidity.
Other than that, great video. You did a great job showing how the NSDAP combined extreme left and right agitation and managed to gain a ton of voters with that.
This is a slight slip-up on my part concerning the SPD, although I find English lacks a lot of words that the other Germanic languages, (Dutch and German for my knowledge) do have concerning politics and political leanings seeing as England is essentially a two party affair with about 3 smaller, less important parties as well as the nationalist parties of Scotland and Wales and to a lesser extent those representing the interest groups in Northern Ireland (Republicans and Unionists). Dutch and German both have words that can be linked together to make another although this is not the case in English. While it's true that SPD does stand for Sozialdemokratisch Partei Deutschland, the socialist roots of it are undeniable and this was still lingering in the Weimar Period as I later mention when explaining that they were often hard to work with in coalition because of their traditional further left leaning nature and their newer liberal ideals. It was a Marxist party in 1875 following a merge with another party and was called the SAPD Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands. But you are right that much of the further left members split off into the USPD and so the SPD of the Weimar did call itself then Sozialdemokratisch Partei Deutschland, they were and still are socialist in nature - they're even a part of the Party of European Socialists and Socialists International I discovered upon further research. Although you are absolutely correct that they are Socialist-Democratic which I do mention sets them apart from their non-so-much-comrades in the USPD and KPD as they were for the democratic process whereas the extreme leftists were not.
Though this is true, from the offset of its creation spawned from disillusioned USPD members and the Spartakusbund up until the change of leadership and more compliance to the Soviet Command in the early 1920's, the party's aim to facilitate and support full-scale revolution in Germany and they did support attempts like the Red Ruhr Uprising in 1920 with financial aid from the USSR. Perhaps it was not purely anti-democratic but that's what its aim was either through direct revolution (1918-1923) and then indirectly through following the Soviet's behest for the rest of its existence in Weimar.
Perhaps in principle but in practice I think Communism is nearly always not democratic - a state can't become communist for one term of government, the whole system reworked, the means of production seized, the currency taken completely from the banks and into the hands of the government only for the next election to have an option to vote for a capitalist government again. I'm sure anyone under the former Soviet Republics would agree with me.
I was not aware of Deutschnational being a slogan, although I think I just translated it as meaning German or Germany and I mistranslated "unrat", thinking it was made up of the word "rat" meaning council or advice like in Bundesrat - thanks for letting me know about these!
Thank you very much for taking the time to raise all of these points, it's led me to researching more into this and finding more out about it which is always a good thing. I'm very glad you enjoyed the video, even if my thick Dutch tongue can't wrap around those juicy German words :D
Thanks for your reply, thanks for all the research you did and for the video. Keep up the good work! And don't be too hard on yourself about the pronunciations, I have heared people absolutely butcher them before and you did a very good job ;)
No problem Matze, I have to make sure what I'm saying is actually factually correct :D
Thank you, I shall aim to do so :)!
Indeed they are reformers of Capitalism. No objective of removing the Bourgeoisie!
If we're talking "in practice" wouldn't they not even be Communist? North Korea calls themselves a "Democratic Peoples' Republic" but are they? etc etc. I might be laboring under a misconception, but wasn't the criteria for being "Communist" the complete abolition of the State? I know it varies from party to party (hell, from Commie to Commie), but I feel too many otherwise intelligent individuals consider Marxist, Socialist, and Communist to be interchangeable when they are not, and that all three of these are usually considered "Authoritarian" as a rule when they are not, by definition and ideals. The whole Leninist "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" concept is perhaps one of the more unpopular concepts in that particular school of thought. Anyone know if this was a tenet of the KPD's platform?
Btw, I'm not a Communist or a Marxist, and for the most part I don't adhere nor advocate for any one particular economic system, though I would fit squarely under the "Communalist" umbrella, I suppose.
09:24 Heimat* in Denmark we have the word Hjemstavn it means the same as the german word Heimat. and to my knolage it translate to (Where my home is/Where i am born/Where my roots are)
Interesting! English is severely lacking a similar word although I think I explain it well enough in the video :)
Interesting that a similar word exists in Denmark :)
Would you say your Hjemstavn (I guess coming from Hjem for "home" and stavn for perhaps a "place" or "dwelling"?) is your town and the towns around it or more like your province?
Yes my Hjemstavn the place i feel at home is the part of the province i am born and still live. ( i live only 10 km from where i was born.
But i think that the use of the word in the danish langue isen't as common as it used to be when i was a child. I live in the southern part of denmark that was german from 1864 up untill 1920 where the province came back to the kingdom of denmark. this might be why the word was more common in my province than in the rest of denmark.
You mentioned that heimat was a big thing in germany. But you sounded as you didn't know why heimat was and still is a big thing in germany? ( it's not as big as it was only 10 years ago) its because of WW II. A lot of german teritory went to poland and russia. but the germans that used to live there fleed during the war others where deported to germany after the war. othies germans saw and some do still see the their old homtowns as their Heimat. You also see it in Finland ( many of the people that used to live in east karelien still see their old farmsteds and villages as their home. But if they have a Word for it i dont know
Torben Johansen Actually, I, as a german, would translate Heimat with home.
@Zachary Menking no it wouldent. My home in german would be mein zuhause. Heimat on the other side is where my roots are where my hart still is. it was used a lot by the german refuges that where forced to leave the areas that the soviets snatched from germany after the soviets won the second world war in europe. Also used by the germans that where kicked out from poland and czechoslovakia right after world war 2
the word isent just a place but a place tied to strong feelings the person has for that place.
I would define Heimat as meaning home in a kind of social sense.
Splitting the vote isnt such a big issue in Germany since there is no "winner takes it all" voting system. Thats why so many parties were in the parliament in the first place.
It fractures stuff to some degree but those forces would be fractured within a single party too.
good stuff mate, don't dumb it down its perfect
Thank you, glad you enjoyed it :) I'll aim to keep it at this level then :)
Dan Trinkoff fax man 🗣
NATIONALISM SUCKS
6:49 The good old days when the center-left had the balls to condemn far-left totalitarianism.
but they still do
This is true. Only the schmucks known as the "Tankies" really want that whole "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" bullshit.
At least in Germany today, pretty much all parties refuse to form a coalition with the populist left, if you will, just as much as with the populist right.
You have to realise, too, that the mainstream far left was much more extreme back then than it is now. Same goes for the far right.
Tobias Ommer that ducks also the populist left isn't essentially far left
The tradition is slowly returning.
Lovely! Watching all your Weimar stuff in one long binge. Love how well you pronounce the German words and names 👍
Thank you :) I'm glad they've been all too boring! Haha the Germanophones in the audience would beg to differ but I try with my Dutch-laced accent ;)
Heimat means more Home, than Region
Its extremely rare to see a situation where other countries are more invested and interested in another country's history and politics than the country is interested in its own history. I studied Weimar Germany in year 9, like many people. I hope the Germans know just how much of our childhoods they inhabit XD
Correction regarding the KPD: Proportional Representation doesn't "spilt the vote" in the same way the first-past-the-post/plurality voting of the US & UK does, unless the portion of vote a party receives is so small it doesn't pass the threshold. First-Past-The-Post is responsible for a lot of abhorrent voting results, such as the UK 2015 election, where the Conservatives won 51% of the seats with 37% of the vote, and Labour 38% the seats with only 30% the vote.
Rosa Luxemburg wrote on the necessity of democracy.
Ι bet his class backround won't let him adimit it.
I get it, you are against extending genuine democracy.
@@Peristerygrmust we REEEad the THeORy to understand why someone’s reading comprehension is stunted by their class background?
awesome content! I am watching Babylon Berlin(awesome series) and this info is incredibly interesting and helpful for putting into context the politics of the period.
and for people who get confused over the term storm troopers. While it´s a correct option to translate Sturm-Abteilung with.
There were storm troopers from the first world war which were deployed to attack enemy trenches with Stielhandgranaten, later in the war they were equipped with the MP-18 one of the first ever invented SMGs.
The Sturm-Abteilung can also be translated as "Storm department" which is more accurate to the german term and prevents people from getting lost in translation. Since the Storm Department was not a military unit but the armed forces of the NSDAP that was used to cause riots in the streets, protect their members at public speeches and assault communist party members. So really two completely types of "Strom Troopers"
Papen was not really a nazi, especially not during the weimar republic. He wanted the monarchy back. He was actually a counterpart to hitler who played his role so badly that it was easier for the nazis to take over thanks to his doing. He did not intentionally get the nazis into power, he actually tried to keep them from power. Due to the unstable situation he had to give in for a coalition with the Nazi party thinking he could control them, soon he lost power and was sent to austira and turkey as an ambassador. When he was lead in front of a court after the holocaust he was found innocent in all charges, later he was sentenced to 8 years of prison but was freed 2 years after that.
Heimat is rather home region, home land,... definitely related to the word home. Can be the country, the state, the region or town one lives in. They can all be counted as Heimat.
The KPD weren't against democracy, they were just against liberal democracy. They supported a democracy through worker's councils.
In early times yes, but the Party got more stalinistic and so it became antidemocratic. There were just few "NonRadicals" like Liebknecht and Luxemburg but they got killed just few weeks after the foundation of the KPD.
7:00 No, von Papen was a monarchist, like should be obvious from the poster.
As a German this video was shockingly bad information wise. I hope people don't take anything away other than maybe names of political parties. You misrepresented almost every political parties actual platforms, affliations, the dynamics within that time period, and all sorts of other facts...
Edit: Even some of the names of political parties are wrong
Just wanted to say that not only is this video series great, it also talks about a oft-ignored part of both German and European political history. Perhaps you could do the same sort of analysis of political eras for more countries (UK, Netherlands?), as this has been a delight to listen to.
I love these videos, and learning about the conditions that led to the rise of Hitler. It's something that we must all understand, objectively and dispassionately.
Yes, communism was the rise to hitler. We need to get communism out of nation states.
Excellent video. Subbed!
I am not a Communist but saying that Communists and Socialists wanted to destroy democracy with democracy truly shows the lack of understanding of the substance of the video. If you want to critique arguments be sure to know what the arguments are. Otherwise, you are committing a straw-man fallacy. The Communists and Socialist who decided to go along the democratic path in achieving Communism believed that after the gradual reformation of the society is done there will be no need for a government to dictate equality and redistribute wealth. People will just understand that being fair to one another is better. This part is though too optimistic and can be critiqued, but not by saying that all dirty commies and socialists were anti-democratic.
Great information!
You didn't even get the first part correct, describing the political parties. 🙄
Indeed early leaders of KPD （such as Rosa Luxemburg）wanted to have a democratic society for the poletraits. But it changed later in 1920s-into a more Stalinnist‘s Soviet Style.
Yea, they became Stalinist in 1925 and officialy dropped Rosa Luxemburgs ideas of a council Republic.
Really like how you went into the beliefs of all the parties and what demographics they appealed to, great job
Saying the KPD was anti-democratic is wrong, as it's primary founder Rosa Luxemburg preached democratic socialism, and criticised the USSR/Marxism-Leninism and other communist ideologies for their lack of democratic rights and freedoms.
Rosa best girl. Too bad Bernie Sanders killed her.
But the KPD in late Weimar period was literally controlled by Moscow and followed hardline Stalinism, fighting democrats as "social fascists" and attacking all criticism of USSR as capitalist propaganda. The USSR was the worker's paradise for them.
Whilst Rosa Luxemburg was very critical of the Soviet Union, she did not believe in the same type of democracy that we would think of today when hearing the word. And at the end her party was nothing else than a literal puppet of Stalin.
@@gauzyantelope4985 Next time, if you don’t want to get killed, don’t try to violently overthrow a democratic government and install a dictatorship while on orders from a foreign country
Hi Hilbert... love your content. Simply translated "Heimat" means "Homeland". Yes, in a sense for a translation of sentiment at that time, you are dead on.
great video
Thanks man!
History With Hilbert takk
They were called the Centre Party because when they entered the Reichstag they sat in the centre between the conservatives on the right and the liberals on the left. The terms left, right and centre had not yet acquired their current meanings. They merely referred to where a party sat in the legislature.
not understanding where the SPD and the DVP differ? They both seem to be center, democracy supporting, and against authoritarianism? What are their major differences? the seem like natural allies
SPD catered towards the demands of the lower class especially post-war and was a left-based party, though not nearly as far as KPD. DVP catered towards capitalistic interests so businessmen and was also opposed to the new republic but would participate in coalition governments.
Can ya do one on the paramilitary wings of the various parties?
The Spartacists were not ML and didn't want to completely remove democracy.
Indeed they want to have a democratic society for the proletariat.
German Here, the DDPs poster days "Against Dictators of the left and the right", i understand where the confusion could come from. Also, Heimat means more " place of birth/belonging", so it has a strong connotation with where one comes from in terms of social and geological Perspektive.
Also Papen wasnt a Nazi :P
Also (because i forgot to add it) the SA werent "Sturmtroopers". Those Were a Military Specialty Unit. The SA was just the Militia Movement of the NSDAP. Pretty much all Weimar Parties had a Militia Movement, even the SPD and the Zentrum, which is why noone ever questioned the Nazis having one themselves
Papen was a nazi covered in a "democratic" party like CSU/CDU is the sucessor of the NSDAP and has to be eleminated!
Deserves more views
7:24 you should also mention that those arrows are the 3 arrows of the iron front
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! I'm currently doing A level history and I've been struggling so much recently because I don't understand the politics at all (and I used to be an A grade student at GCSE). But this is quiet useful, so thanks!
currently me right now, a levels and gcses are so not the same and there was me entering a level history with pride and confidence due to my A in gcse history haha.
Nice vid
Colouring the NSDAP in Green might not have been the best choice
To the SPD, I don't Know when the Switch happend, but today it is called (with full Name) "sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" instead of "sozialistische Partei Deutschlands" and the immage by 8:30 at least hind towarts the assumtion that it was also at this Time the case
Need a remaster on this video
You left out the KAPD. Sort of a more anarchic take on Marxism, they were known as council Communists.
The portrayal of the KPD in this video is really bad, and I say this as someone who would totally have been a somewhat reluctant SPD supporter and hates Stalinism.
First of all, there was a working-class revolution in Germany in November 1918, which overthrew the Kaiser and established a SPD--USPD government with a mandate to implement socialism. The USPD being a left-wing split from the SPD over the SPD's voting to fund WW1, which was a betrayal of the party's internationalist position. When the SPD government essentially began to repress the more radical forces among the workers, there was a largely spontaneous rebellion which the radical left wing of the USPD, the Spartakusbund, joined in, and this rebellion was suppressed by the SPD government with the help of far-right paramilitaries such as the Freikorps, the leaders of Spartakus being murdered without trial. This drove a wedge between the SPD and KPD which explains their division far more than the KPD wanting to sabotage democracy, at least before ~1929.
Because here's the second thing - the KPD wasn't a puppet of Moscow for most of Weimar. They were one of the hardest parties for Stalin and his supporters to properly seize, because they had massive native backing, especially as over half the USPD voted to join the KPD in 1920. Three successive leaderships of the KPD, under Paul Levi, Heinrich Brandler and Ruth Fischer, were purged by the Communist International because they were all anti-Stalinist. Levi was a strong supporter OF DEMOCRACY, and ended up in the SPD, trying to push the party left. Fischer moved towards Trotskyism, and condemned Stalin's brutal centralisation. And Brandler and Thalheimer ended up in the KPD(Opposition), which explicitly advocated for cooperation with the SPD.
Last thing - the USSR never attained "communism" in their view, only "socialism", and even this is debatable as practically every non-"Marxist-Leninist" tendency on the left think they never got there. There were many ideas of how to attain communism, and even most of the SPD had that as an objective, their difference was more on revolution vs reform, and eventually dictatorship vs democracy due to the USSR's growing influence. "Communism" is not Stalinist dictatorship, and it's more interesting to question whether it's even achievable, rather than slandering it.
While it’s a good thing you’ve done your research, you keep pushing the old narrative that Moscow never achieved “Communism”. Communism in its practical sense is more or less the ideological dogmas heeded by the KPSS(b) and the CCP. It does not a single lick of good to ignore this. These were/are communist regimes, no matter how far from the ever-so-precious theory it has diverged from.
at 20:00 you're translating the lower picture kind of poorly. it says: worker of the (fore-) head, of the fist... which is metaphorical. the idea is to address blue and white collar workers as on common ground. it's intentionally inclusive.
it was all an illusion when the overton window was destroyed.
This video is on point IF you lower your expectations to basic understanding, except for 2 things I've noticed:
1. Franz von Papen was a monarchist. That's why the SPD poster in the video shows a crown along with the symbols for Nazis & communists. Papen = monarchist, Hitler = Nazi, Thalmann = Communist. Papen was a (relatively conservative) member of the Zentrum Party who had become an Independent by the time Hitler had begun his quest for absolute power. When he, Paul von Hindenburg, & other pro-conservative monarchists had failed to maneuver the Nazis into political containment & The Night of the Long Knives had occurred, he bluntly proclaimed "My service to the Fatherland is over!" & promptly resigned the vice-chancellorship. Quite the hard-line Nazi supporter, wouldn't you say? He was also acquitted of criminal charges at the Nuremberg Trials.
2. What I'm I'm about to say is an unpopular view, but the Nazis weren't actually Right or Left Wing. They were Third Positionists. Basically this means that they were Authoritarian rather than Libertarian/Liberal on their stance on government, Right-Wing on Social Issues, Moderate/Center on economic issues, with hard-line racist policies/ worldview thrown into the mix.
The racist stuff isn't necessarily found in other Third Position ideologies, but is/was a core component of National Socialist ideology.
The National Socialist worldview is horribly misunderstood by both the Left & Right because it is basically between them both & most people on either side have a hard time seeing that libertarian-authoritarian axis is actually a thing & then also realizing that (from classical left & right vantage points) actual left or right ideologies are simultaneously "beyond" what the Nazis stood for. It's like if you were to look at a wall (Nazis) and not be able to see over it to see (depending on which side you're on) to see the actual "true" left or right that is too be found there.
For the record, if I were alive during The Weimar Republic era, I'd be a DNVP supporter. Before anyone complains, need I remind them that it was Aristocrats, Pro-Monarchists, & suppressed/underground DNVP supporters that attempted to assassinate Hitler & install a provisional conservative government to negotiate with the Allies & end World War 2 during the failed Operation Valkyrie coup of July 20th, 1944. Yes, I know that the DNVP ended up failing to contain the Nazis from gaining absolute power and, to a certain degree, worked with Nazis in the very early 1930's on government policies. I can't speak for all hard-line, old fashioned monarchists & conservatives, but I am personally very sorry for how historical events have turned out since then. If only......If only.....
The NSDAP was kind of a conundrum. It was very right wing in some circumstances, but very left wing in others. Economically, it was rather socialist. It wasn't so much in favor of the free market as they believed it to be controlled by Jews. However, they also hated Communism, because they believed them to be a bunch of Jew loving Slavs. The NSDAP is typically considered to be hardline right wing, but it's more right wing on social issues and left wing on economic issues. They were also more Identitarian than the communists. Economically they disagreed with the communists on who the Bourgeoisie class were.
these are awesome! more on Germany from first world war to the second world war please! also if you consider doing some from the stuart age, you would be so so helpful!
Thank you very much, I'm glad you're enjoying them! I'll be making more of those in the future :)
And yes that's another era I love! I have a video coming soon about the Battle of Newburn (1641) which was during the reign of King Charles I and I will also have some videos on the Duke of Monmouth, the Glorious Revolution and probably quite a few about the Jacobites as they're personal favourites of mine ;)
To use Democracy to destroy democracy.
"I used the stones to destory the stones"
6:00 kinda what happened in the US 2016, complete with Russian sponsorship-- although they funded the RW candidate as well
3:59 the assertion that getting rid of democracy is a goal of the communist left is somewhat reductive. The authoritarian bent of most socialist led countries such as the USSR is more a result of their revolutionary context than antidemocratic goals. Democratic institutions were a big part of all these governments and remain so in those which remain sich as Cuba or Vietnam. Regretably they still largely run on capitalist economies but their socialist bent serves to mitigate the worst aspects of that capitalist system.
As others have noted, Franz von Papen was a Monarchist rather than a Nazi. He was a conservative Catholic, a staunch supporter of Kaiser Wilhelm II, a militaristic nationalist, and a member of the Zentrum party. He was a fellow traveler of the German People's Party (DVP), German National People's Party (DNVP), and later the National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP) only insofar as they were all opposed to the KPD and SPD.
If only the DDP, Zentrum, DVP, and the DNVP could have merged into one party.
1:15 Wrong, we are not anti-Democratic we are just ant-Capitalist.
Notice that the parties get less and less rational and democratic the futher they are from the center.
Duh
Exactly true
Benjamin Davis
ok centrist
Good explanation of German politic for beginners.
The Spartacus were separate from the kpd they supported democracy just socialist democracy the kpd were not democratic they supported Marxism Leninism
7:55 the good old days when name droping in politics was still a thing
God I HATE the left/right spectrum, it is for the most part utterly meaningless, pejorative and subjective. Even if you can reach a consensus on what left and right actually mean (every ideology seems to have its own definition) then you have the controversial problem of placing particular parties and individuals on it. Personally I think people and parties should be referred to by what they are (liberal, conservative, socially conservative socialist, national socialist, national conservative, marxist-leninist etc.) with the utmost detail, not where someone subjectively thinks they are on some imaginary spectrum.
I know this an old comment but I’ll say this: It doesn’t make sense too me how people are placed on the left of the spectrum due to economics, and the right based off of social values. Because of this how would one classify stasserism. It’s socialist economically but shared Nazi views on race and culture. They certainly wouldn’t be in the center considering they were still radical.
The left-right divide makes me fuhrerious.
@@chunkyfunkymonkey201 To answer again: both sides are represented by politics. Economy is so publicized In america that they use it To differentiate left from right, while its unaccurate
8:20 Also, no they are not the Socialist Party of Germany, but Social-Democratic Party of Germany.
you don't really understand what communism is
He is definately right wing. The hinds about homosexuality and "cultural decadance" leads to this conclusion.
KDP was not controlled by Soviets because the head leader of the party Luxemburg was constantly at odds with how soviet style Russia was being run. So, they were closer to republican run communism also known as Luxemburgism where each specialized work gets its own board to plan out how run the economy. Next fascism is right wing because the principals of left wing politics is to break down class structure, and make life equal for women and all races. Fascism likes to call itself socialism hence the name for the Nazi but it’s only to garnish wavering socialist and unintelligent working class persons. They knew they could easily twist there arms as well as get the support of governments and businesses already in power. Fascism works with those already in power, is built upon racism and nationalism, and keeps capitalism in place which downtroddens the classes structure.
Luxemburg and Liebknecht were killed in the same year in wich the KPD was found, 1919. So the party got more and more stalinistic.
0:15
That quote, tho...gee, a Marx actually said something re: politics that actually made sense!
More like the hyperinflation age
I never liked both considering Communism "Left" nor considering nazism "Right", as I personally think both fall outside any spectrum. It is in our obsession to try to create a system that encompasses everything that we drag things that shouldn't be there inside a system, as if we tried to give a rock a gender, or give a planet a "race".
You dont know diference between communism and socialisem hahaha.
An interesting and thorough explanation of this complicated period in Germany history.
Some minor annotations:
I think the DDP slogan would be better represented by "Against dictatorship from left or right"
I'm not 100% sure (on the Saxony part) because it is quite ambiguous but I think "Sachsen frei von Marxistischem Unrat" translates to "(for a) Saxony freed from Marxist filth" but "Unrat" would translate to "filth" or "trash". and "Arbeiter der Stirn der Faust" would translate to "Workers of the head, of the fist" (So... whether you are intellectual or working class..)
The SPD originally also planned to introduce Socialism through reform rather than revolution.
And the Idea to introduce communism via democracy is not that far fetched in those days. The modern German constitution can protect itself, but the constitution of Weimar was quite vulnerable to anti-democratic governments. Basically the Nazis built a dictatorship using mostly (then) legal ways.
thank you very much. great details. and id like to see more. QUESTION. why does the guy in the end wears a mask. what do you know about this . what did you do. ANSWER ME
"Down with the internationals! Vote German nationalists!" -DNVP
"Down with the globalists! America first!" -Trump
wow its an idiot on the internet, someone get me my camera, i must record this rare find.
good explanation
Can you do a video about wiemar military as well?
Considering how missed up Germany was in during this time period. I would probably, vote of the DNVP. Because, why not? What could possibly can go wrong?
Is this sarcastic? You know the DNVP were the main allies of the Nazis in parliament, right?
Who else is here after playing Social Democracy.
The DDP and the DVP were the liberal parties of the Weimarer Republik, in contrast to the worker parties KPD, SPD, USPD, KAPD on the left and and the conservative and reactionary parties DNVP and later NSdAP on the right. There base was the "Bürgertum", from rich factory owners to little shop keepers, and educated employees. The difference: The DDP was more left winged, the DVP more right winged liberals. Especially in the early phase of the WR the DDP was in strong support of the republic, while the DVP prefered the monarchy.
KPD wasn't anti-democracy. It wanted a different kind of democracy where the working class ruled, unlike the current form of democracy where the bourgeoisie rules.
That kind of "Democracy" that was used under Stalin's rule in the USSR?
@Unknown Yeah and the KPD was a big fan it...
@Unknown Stalin was clearly the greatest democrat and lover of all people :D
Heimat means like home but it's more the area you live in rather than a house
keep up the good work very informative and nice-made video but for me as a German it's not accurate enough
America 2021: GOP -> NSDAP.
Groan. Give it a rest
Was it really necessary to put up a traffic light chart with the right wing in green? Seems like you're going from bad to good, which hopefully was not the intention.
I think it's just that green is the opposite of red not that the nazis are good
Maybe it would be better, if you Made a Version with the political classification of the political compass: th-cam.com/video/5u3UCz0TM5Q/w-d-xo.html . It would make things much more precise instead of relying on the very ambigous left - right scale.
The political compass is only suitable to the categorize the political beliefs in the Irregular contemporary American political spectrum, not applicable to early 20th century Europe, or to contemporary Europe for a matter of fact. left and right are not ambiguous at all, everybody knows what they mean, why add any complications with unnecessary variables.
the farther you go to the end of the left and right spectrum the more authoritarian you get, the closer you are to the center the more democratic you get.
sure that leaves the Anarchists outside, but they didn't participate in the political process, and aside from Spanish civil war, they were wholy inconsequential.
Gad Yariv But there are also libertarian Rights-Anarcho -Capitalists and there are Authoritarian Lefts, so there is a whole Spektrum, this scale does not explain. Also, the Political compass Well explains the Position of Parties on Its Website.
libertarian Rights-Anarcho -Capitalists don't really exist. it's a fiction.
The so-called "libertarians" are an oddity of American politics.
Liberterians aren't Anarchists! They are a by-product of a uoniq American problem.
the USA is a country that is made out of 50 different countries, and that dichotomy created resentments against the central government, it's really born out of the issue of state government vs federal government. and although Germany is a federal state, that Diconamy is not as extreme e in Germany.
what defines global left and right is nationalism vs Internationalism.
what defines American left and right is state nationalism or federal nationalism. the true left is completely absent from American politics, American politics is extremely skewed to the right.
the original Euro librarians, the left libertarians were true anarchists, technically on the left, because they were internationalists, but they were really outside the political spectrum and didn't participate in the process, so as I said before they are unimportant and irrelevant.
When the USA was formed it was formed as a loose coalition of independent nations, and since then was a trend to drop the local state nationalism in favor of greater federal nationalisim, culminating in a civil war. after that civil war state nationalism was delegitimized politically, and out of that grew libertarianism, state nationalism in the guise of anarchisim.
Libertarians are really just a cumulation of old Calvinist ideas about, that basically said that gods love the rich. mixed with hate for the central government in Washington.
it's really irrelevant to the Weimar Republic, or to any nation other than the USA!
Libertarians are just confused.
as I said earlier at the two corners of the left and right political spectrume are the Athureterians (Communists, Fascists, Royalists and etc...) in the middle are the Democrats (Socialists, Social Democrats,Liberals, Liberal nationalists and etc...) the Anarchists are outside and irelevant becouse they have no interest in politics and govormence, and Liberterians didn't exsist and aren't realy a real political idiolagy.
Gad Yariv It doenst matter, what Libertarians are in the USA, but the Political Compass defines them as an opposite of the Authoritarians, www.politicalcompass.org/analysis2. And your thesis, that Anarcho - Capitalists are a fiction is wrong, I know several. libertarian leftists are Anarcho -Communists.
The opposite of Athureterian is Democratic, not libertarian.
Democrats are in the middle of the left and right spectrum. Athucrats are in the corners, that makes the cross shaped political spectrum unnecessary.
Anarcho - Capitalism and Anarcho -Communism is contradictions in terms.
capitalism is the idea that the means of productions should be possessed by capiotalists, Communism is the idea that the means of productions should be possessed by the state. Anarchists advocate the destruction of all structures of power, the state, and the capital.
that is why right libertarians can't be anarchists. and besides, they didn't exist in 1924-1928 as a political movement, not even in the USA
libertarianism didn't exist before the 1970's, so they are entirely irrelevant!
Libertarianism is just a reactionary conservative ideology and is actually very Athureterian and undemocratic.
Calling the KPD antidemocratic is a gross misrepresentation. In general your entire representation of the far-left is horrendously skewed.
the kpd's party line came directly from moscow. their goal was to install a similar system as the one in stalinist russia. of course they were anti-democratic, what is there even to debate?
Cry more libtard
Where do you get your information on this, and in general?
Thanks again!
Generally from books that I've read on the topic - my room is like a shelf-less library with a pile of manuscripts in every corner ;)
No problem at all, glad you're still enjoying the videos!
I've always said things dont need to be sorted out and neatly presented to be useful? : )
the treaty of versaille was unfair Germany just wanted to help Austria by declaraing war against serbia which later was a war criminal nation in yougoslav war and Austrain heir was killed so Germany just did what an ally would do take revenge for it ally but nope france couldnt stand it and poked their froggy nosw
I'm pretty sure the DDP was slightly left-leaning, well that's what my textbook says. correct me if I'm wrong
Von Papen was not a Nazi, he was an anti-Nazi. He was a monarchist.
"Spartacists" Oh god I'm trying to remind myself that these are not the modern "Spartacists."
I would probably vote uspd
Why didn't the SPD appeal to young people and women?
I guess, they didn't get the Democracy working right. The Wehner Republic was build, and held together by Tape, Chewing gum, and hope.
Ok, it was just constantly unstable, and Bankrupt. Take a guess who got taxed the most? Young people, and Women.
you are confusing bourgeois democracy with worker's democracy. Communists make the difference between the two.
Most likely he is bourgeois or comming from some old noble frisian family.
...Heimat simply means Home. Maybe a broader definition of home (as in saying, your country is your home, your village is your home, as opped to your house).
The DNVP is the best party here, by far.
Would you mind writing the complete names of the parties and not just the acronyms?
For someone that wasn't born in Germany most acronyms mean nothing at all
KPD: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
USPD: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
SPD: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
DDP: Deutsche Demokratische Partei
Zentrum
DVP: Deutsche Volkspartei
DNVP: Deutschnationale Volkspartei
NSDAP: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
It is probably not useful to the English-only speakers, but for the bilingual the full names of all these acronyms would be helpful in remembering them. I know we can look this up, but for next time, you may consider saying the full name at least at the beginning. e.g. DDP= Deutsche Demokratische Partei, a liberal party. I think this would be useful to many.
Communists aren’t “Anti-Democratic” just because they see the bourgeois state cannot deliver for the Working Class (the majority)
You should have discussed the BVP, If they had not interfered in the presidential electiom, Hindenburg would have lost. However in your excellent presentatiom, between 1924 and 1928 this might not matter,
The Nazis hated capitalism. They shared a lot of the same ideology with communists.
What makes you call a party "Left" or "Right"?
Wouldn't any kind of "socialist" party be left?
Cathy S despite having the world socialist in its title, the nazis were not known for caring for the poor or the disabled and I wouldn’t expect them to start throwing pride parades. North Korea is officially the democratic people’s Republic of Korea but it is as far from democracy as you can get.
If being "known for caring for the poor" makes a government socialist, then what was the USSR?
If a claim only (lip service) of supporting the working man qualifies as socialist then both NAZI Germany and the USSR were both socialist. But if caring for the lazy, such as many of the recent immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa seem to be, is one of your criteria then neither of those governments were socialist. And if not authoritarian socialist what were they? .... Certainly not democratic or free market capitalist.
The real fault with both of those governments was their being entirely run from the top with little or no chance of any real input from the common people ever being solicited or even tolerated.
the USSR was a dictatorship, it was so socialist it let hundreds of thousands of its citizens starve to death because the government didn't like the capitalistic agricultural policies. It was so Democratic that they executed the entire general staff based on a rumor that some of them might have been considering to oppose the regime. Which was actually false and the rumor was started by hitler so that the russians would destroy their own military before the invasion. Classic dictatorships don't really change that much and they probably won't ever change that much. Mostly because they work, up until they don't but at that point the dictator is dead so its not their problem anymore.
Hilbert, with all due respect, I believe you made two small errors in your reference comparing Weimar parties to British parties. 1) You neglected the effect on the Labour Party of the equally left-wing SNP in Scotland, and 2) UKIP (generally perceived as right or far-right) actually out-polled the Greens in June of this year.
And Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, does not translate as 'National' Socialist German Workers' Party, as you translate it, but as 'National' Socialist German Workers' Party.
Jovan, Your last statement does not contradict Hilbert's translation. Did you mean to change a word or two?
I just double checked, and what I did was to leave the '-ist' off Hilbert's translation. Both in the visuals and in the audio he refers to it as the 'Nationalist' Socialist German Workers Party.
Imagine thinking a liberal party like UKIP is far right.
Heimat is best translated as home and homeland. It is the area where you belong and feel at home.