Optometry 102 | Finding Refractive Power (Diopters) Worked Examples | Doc Physics

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 มี.ค. 2013
  • We find that we can all easily prescribe eyeglasses for our friends! Yay!

ความคิดเห็น • 129

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    Boy, I sure did call myopia farsightedness. Thanks for the correction!

  • @DavidMFChapman
    @DavidMFChapman 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I figured this out myself a while back when I had lens replacement surgery. I guessed my new prescription before the ophthalmologist examined me! Very cool.

  • @christophernguyen7568
    @christophernguyen7568 7 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    Loollll "i want to see joy...woahhh maybe i want to see yogurt" hilarious

  • @DCSMdYusufAzam
    @DCSMdYusufAzam 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    This helped me alot is knowing more about diopter.
    !!!!---

  • @mmbodnar
    @mmbodnar 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent, I am completing a physics course self study and have to admit reading Giancoli is incredibly dry for such astonishing processes of the natural world. Your vids have maintained the flow of learning through visual reinforcement. Again, thanks for going through the trouble of creating vids.

  • @Mukawakadoodoo
    @Mukawakadoodoo 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dude, i’m an optician in a licensed state in the US. So glad I found your channel man!

  • @thestevo1992
    @thestevo1992 9 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    current med student, future ophthalmologist.
    THANKS!!!

  • @nestorenriquez3284
    @nestorenriquez3284 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm studying optometry and my current subject is theoretical optics. And I must say that myopia is a broad topic. It's so broad that it's the only topic for our prelim this semester. There are so many things that you need to consider before prescribing lenses to nearsighted people.

    • @zaeolus6942
      @zaeolus6942 ปีที่แล้ว

      centro escolar university?

  • @otiebrown9999
    @otiebrown9999 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    To answer your posed question. The eye has an estimated refractive power of 58 diopters. I enjoy the graphics - and sound effects!

  • @JohnSmith-wo5gl
    @JohnSmith-wo5gl 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank, that was what I was looking for. I can probably figure out what I need now but can you recommend where to go to get concave plastic lenses in various (what would you call it, negative focal lengths)?

  • @georgidatskov2571
    @georgidatskov2571 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello. I very much liked that video. Its very informative and I really
    feel like i can help my doc find correct glasses for me. Except that I
    have the opposite problem.
    You had a video partially explaining the metro/hyperopia (fatigued eye lens muscle) but I'd like to see the same explanation like this one to find the exact value of a positive "refraction power" or a diopter.
    In short, I feel pain getting me feel sleepy, while actually I definitely dont need to sleep. The "point" or an image I am able to see clear without "pain" is about ~3-4 and above meters away (depending on which eye exactly, 'cuz its different with each). So I went to a local ophtalmologist and prescribed me a (o.d.+0.50/90deg, o.s.+25/80deg) pair that makes things even more difficult. I cant even focus anything with my right eye and feeling dizzy from the somewhat clear but strange image from my left eye.
    Any suggestions without making a video would be welcome as well :)

  • @darkexcalibur87
    @darkexcalibur87 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I liked as soon as you said "pew pew pew pew!!!"

  • @xDomglmao
    @xDomglmao 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    question: how to calculate the far point from measures like 20/40 (stuff seen on the charts)?

  • @acemii3331
    @acemii3331 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I found you Doc Schuster, I had no idea, I remember I was stoned when I watched this..yay..subscribed..

  • @madelineheleno1854
    @madelineheleno1854 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the video! Very helpful and entertaining!

  • @SuperAlbalawi
    @SuperAlbalawi 8 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    How amazing is Physics !

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Aaah! I have clearly been out-optometried! I'll thumb up that one and encourage my students to take more classes before they start prescribing.
    Are you saying that the eye's physical nature changes when it's in an artificially stressed environment for six months? It's further surprising that it changes in the direction of the problem rather than to try to correct it. Weird. I would therefore suppose that positive state change could be encouraged by positive diopters externally. Correct?

  • @T8512989GUICH
    @T8512989GUICH 8 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Isn't myopia short-sightedness, not 'far-sighted' like you say at the start of the video? Very good video though.

  • @netstatgrep
    @netstatgrep 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Awesome explanation!!!!!!!

  • @thinkconsulting
    @thinkconsulting 7 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    hi, could I use a few seconds of your video for a training project I'm doing on myopia? I like the convergence example, thanks.

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Sure! Please cite it.

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow. I'll look into it! Thanks.

  • @allenmorris8348
    @allenmorris8348 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love the energy! Thank you!

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc -
    Indeed I was TAUGHT this concept - and would teach it myself. However, I would suggest that it was a convenient "idealization" and in no sense actually represented the dynamic behavior of all natural eyes. This is indeed a "paradigm dispute". You do provide the "classic" concept that has been handed down with no change for the last 150 years.

  • @detoxpanda2489
    @detoxpanda2489 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    u r the first guy who explains funny which is entertaining i had fun watching this

  • @aaronperalta7110
    @aaronperalta7110 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    You got some humor dude! love your video.

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I did watch a few videos and read through your website. It's quite intriguing. Have you looked toward getting a grant for a more in-depth longitudinal study? There's probably plenty of data available that could be sifted to generate a peer-reviewed paper!

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You betcha. I'm having a remarkably good time doing it, too.

  • @manuelberzen671
    @manuelberzen671 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Joy... whoooo!! .... Yogurt.... You wanna see Yogurt if its far away - Really made my Day😂🤣

  • @quiquefernndez
    @quiquefernndez 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    just suggesting! just in case you hadn't thought about a different way! I'm a big fan, thanks for all your helpful videos ;)

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Enrique Fernández You bet! Thanks!

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Rooker11111
      YES!

  • @bkengineer9516
    @bkengineer9516 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video! Can you give an example where do is not infinity? For example, how many diopters would I need to see my computer if my computer is 60cm away and my far point is 30cm?

  • @reemmohammed2412
    @reemmohammed2412 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great explanation 👍 thanks alot

  • @sarinajm3792
    @sarinajm3792 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are so cool😍 and I like to take a sec to appreciate the smily face on ur hand...

  • @thromboid
    @thromboid 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Doc, you rock! :)

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc - In fact "Peer Review" is a "tautology". Attached is a statement by an ophthalmologist, Kaisu Viikari. You well NEVER get ANY FUNDING for any effort or work proposed by anyone. She in indeed in Finland, but you will get exactly the same response form the N.E.I. They feel they have NO RESPONSIBLITY for any "prevention" since you can't conduct prevention in your office - and charge money for it.

  • @dsafghdgsf
    @dsafghdgsf 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc
    I watch your video well thanks for work
    I am going to take an optician exam in Canada . Could you recommend exam book for licensed optician? Thanks again

  • @soccer24six
    @soccer24six 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    where did you get that awesome laser ray box!?!?

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +Marcus Aurelius www.carolina.com/catalog/detail.jsp?prodId=754608&s_cid=ppc_gl_products&gclid=CPvP592SickCFdgVgQod8O0Cfg

  • @zethayn
    @zethayn 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why am I finding out about your channel so late? Thank you so much!

  • @abdelhamidkhattab3325
    @abdelhamidkhattab3325 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow great information is there any software that could be used to findwith specific focal point and inner outer diameter and so on

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    K.V.
    When this idea of mine was, in the beginning, shot down in Finnish medical journals that lacked suitable experts, it was easy for international scientific publications to pick up where they left off.
    It was, and still is, too bitter a pill, completely impossible to swallow, for the professional body engaged in myopia research to admit that the entire foundation of their work is collapsing.
    In this, humility and the Hippocratic Oath (Do No Harm) do not have even the smallest role to play.

  • @CurrentRapCurrents
    @CurrentRapCurrents 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    cool & informative!!

  • @bridgendesar
    @bridgendesar 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where do you get those section lenses, and are they glass?

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      bridgendesar They came from an old wooden box labeled blackboard optics. 1960's era, I think. They're acrylic.

  • @TechsScience
    @TechsScience 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well explained

  • @hiba6620
    @hiba6620 ปีที่แล้ว

    Omg that's amazing thank you so much!!!

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc - I restrict what I state to ONLY "threshold", i.e., the person still read the 20/40 line, or a hand-held -3/4 diopter will "clear" the 20/20 line as self-proof. ASSUMING the person has intense motivation, and persistence (over nine months), he could get a change of +3/4 diopters (i.e., refractive state = 0.0 diopters) in nine months. But this excludes everyone - except pilots - who greatly value that change. I absolutely do not consider this type of "prevention" to be a medical issue

  • @FrancescoQuibranza
    @FrancescoQuibranza 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    What is that lense that's always 2cm away from the eyes? :) Wanted to test this one at home but I realized that there's that lense thing which I'm not sure what it is or for. Thanks! Freshman for Optometry here! Cheers!

    • @saddleworn1676
      @saddleworn1676 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      That is the lens of your eyeglasses. If you wear contacts, they are touching your eye, so you would subtract 0 (zero) from Di.

  • @betimshala6028
    @betimshala6028 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice video and thanks for explanation , do you have any video that explain hypermetropia

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว

      betim shala No, but I really should!

  • @wiZZelify
    @wiZZelify ปีที่แล้ว

    This is epic! Max lvl tutorual

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc - I love your presentation, and recommend it. But to do this "pure physics" you must make assumptions. (Easy to make - and I made them for MANY YEARS - sorry to say.) But the issue is the normal eye (refractive STATE = 0.0 diopters) and it will theoretically do when you place a -3.0 diopter lens on it. Question - will it 1) Remain at exactly zero diopters or 2) Will it change by -2.3 diopters (become negative) in nine months. This is an either-or objective question.

  • @aanchalsharma8123
    @aanchalsharma8123 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I should this is the most osum practical physics video i have ever seen😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    That's really cool. I'll pass that on to my students and have them look up the original 1975 paper. Too late for me, though. I had the ol' corneas sliced and vaporized...

  • @steveayala8192
    @steveayala8192 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The example he used at the end wasn't even that bad. My far point is 18 cm. i wear -6.25 lens. Still great video

  • @manjuprajapati9559
    @manjuprajapati9559 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Most nice topic myopia

  • @nestorenriquez3284
    @nestorenriquez3284 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You actually missed the concept that the eye accommodates (changing the shape of the lens at all distances) specially for hyperopes. And you took out of consideration of the different refractive media of the eye and their indices.

    • @Fireneedsair
      @Fireneedsair ปีที่แล้ว

      The lens does not accommodate (change shape) for a myopic or hyperopic person when looking out to infinity

  • @cluxseltoot
    @cluxseltoot 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why didn't you factor alcohol into the equation?

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc, I have never said, not do I believe any of the statements you have made. As far as scientific truth is concerned - suggest that understanding the behavior of they dynamic natural eye - would be a start. I AGREE that prevention, is not "medicine". But perhaps you don't understand that idea. I never suggested you could "prescribe prevention" - only that avoiding ENTRY would be possible - for a motivated person. This has been accomplished.

  • @aldofigueroa24
    @aldofigueroa24 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Diopters increase only in quarters though. 25, .50, .75, 1.00 etc.

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Aldo Figueroa But...they don't need to. Seems like that's just a practical limitation. You can get a fractional diopter reading from the analysis pre-LASIK, right?

    • @aldofigueroa24
      @aldofigueroa24 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Doc Schuster Well, not that you are wrong. Optometrist will get answers such as yours, but I'm just assuming the round off to the nearest quarter. Prescriptions never have such specific numbers. They always come in quarters. It would be a pain in the butt to make lenses ranging from 0.01-1.00 diopters. As for LASIK, a more accurate reading would probably be better. Your video explained things very good. It helped since I'm taking my ABO exam for opticians soon.

    • @CablDragon
      @CablDragon 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Aldo Figueroa Depending on the application of the lenses determines the critical mean of the diopter. Our breakdown for cataract lens replacements is on the .50 with a tolerance of .40 positive and negative. These lenses are also inspected for pin holes, tool marks, scratches and broken haptics.

  • @b.c.664
    @b.c.664 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    You rock!

  • @heelingrelaxation3177
    @heelingrelaxation3177 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thankyouuuuuuuuuuuuu for ur explinationnnnnnnn

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you are at 20/40 (about -1.0 diopters) and pass the REQUIRED DMV test - then yes, with THAT restriction it is possible to 1) Avoid wearing that minus lens (passing the DMV), and intensively wear a plus lens. 2) You can then obtain a change of about +1.0 diopters (taking you to 20/20 - by self-measurement) in about nine months. Yes, if you respect the eye as a dynamic system, then that is possible. But the issue is the motivation required to do it. (This is NOT optometry.)

  • @danielucrmurillo9922
    @danielucrmurillo9922 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    the intro tho lmao

  • @RichM0410
    @RichM0410 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dude! Informative and excellent presentation. Lmao😂👍

    • @vrh4414
      @vrh4414 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Wht I's lmao?

    • @manjur5408
      @manjur5408 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@vrh4414 lmao means
      Laughing my as* off

  • @CARTEBLANCHE_MV
    @CARTEBLANCHE_MV ปีที่แล้ว

    how can i link up with you ?
    i have questions and need guidance please.

  • @Luis-xn2tq
    @Luis-xn2tq 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    The eye increases and decreases his axial length dramatically. Inumerous animal studies show this myopic and hyperopic growth of the sclera, its a matter of accepting the fact or not.

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  10 ปีที่แล้ว

      Can you cite such a study? I don't understand your point.
      Have I made a mistake? Obviously the eye changes its size, but what is the time scale for these changes?

  • @kasulabadsrikanth1233
    @kasulabadsrikanth1233 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Super video sir

  • @anjanakathuria4194
    @anjanakathuria4194 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great

  • @philogenius432
    @philogenius432 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow!!

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    On second-thought - go to Google and type, "MyopiaFree", and find scientific analytical tools - for your interest. I would add that even Johann Kepler who created "negative status" for his natural eyes - recognized that he "did it to himself" with his 15 years of close work. But he started the creation of that FIRST "Ray Trace" model that you sketch.

  • @sarvashreshthapatel8055
    @sarvashreshthapatel8055 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Veery very powerful

  • @jayalakshmithokchom7935
    @jayalakshmithokchom7935 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool docpool

  • @arctictimberwolf
    @arctictimberwolf ปีที่แล้ว

    Yep^!!^ Now let's talk Astigmatism and really Piss off those Damned Eye Doctors. And then we can get a Jewelry Gem Lapidary Table and Grind our own Lenses.
    I am so sick of getting jerked around by the people in the Optical Eye Plastic Industrial Complex and having to call "No Joy" over the RaDio!
    Thanks for a Great Video and an Awesome Attitude Bud.

  • @Bodragon
    @Bodragon 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    (1:07) - I'm sorry but myopia is short-sighted, not long-sighted.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-sightedness
    >

  • @ksuar8996
    @ksuar8996 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You said if someone has myopia they are farsighted?? Sorry can you clarify. I believe myopia is nearsighted

  • @eduardoguillermo3156
    @eduardoguillermo3156 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    lens 2cm from the eye? i think that's a lot

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      My mom says I have beautiful eyelashes.

  • @nxt_yasir
    @nxt_yasir ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice

  • @quiquefernndez
    @quiquefernndez 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice video! but... probably a whiteboard would be more eco-friendly than wasting papers!!
    Anyway, thank you for the videos!!

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Enrique Fernández Don't worry - I'm not buying it new! No trees have been harmed in the making of these videos. Also, I think you're neglecting the environmental cost of those stinky dry-erase markers. They don't last very long and they have sketchy chemicals from China in them.

  • @gunnerballer5156
    @gunnerballer5156 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I know someone who has lenses of -6.0 and -6.5 . He is about 17 and really worries about his sporting future and his life as a whole :'( :'(

  • @acousticnext2564
    @acousticnext2564 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is hilarious hahah, good explaining as well

  • @richardlim6436
    @richardlim6436 ปีที่แล้ว

    🙏🏻👍🏻

  • @The_Alien_Cat591
    @The_Alien_Cat591 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanku 😁 funny teacher

  • @gabrielrind
    @gabrielrind 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think you made a unit mistake... you used cm for f but then presented diopters in 1/m, so you are probably missing by a factor of 10?

  • @kellyorator9007
    @kellyorator9007 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I just measured my far point and my lens power would be -3.4 Diopters!

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Kelly orator WHEW! I recommend LASIK when you're old enough. I'm very happy, having had it.

  • @MaxamillianStudio
    @MaxamillianStudio 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    So funny!

  • @himesama664
    @himesama664 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Myopia is nearsightedness hyperopia farsightedness

  • @seyarentezari332
    @seyarentezari332 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    in minutes 1:10 you say "myopia, ie farsighted"!! Do you mean "nearsighted" or is there anything I misunderstood? because myopia is nearsighted!

    • @bukolaadeoye4251
      @bukolaadeoye4251 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      right that confused me as well. the drawing he did was someone who had nearsightness since the converging pt was formed BEFORE the retina. Farsightedness would have the convergence happen BEHIND the retina if I am not mistaken. this video confused me lol

  • @lgs4244
    @lgs4244 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Myopia is nearsightedness

  • @vasundra634
    @vasundra634 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    PLEASE ANSWER.The power of a lens is -1.5 D what is the nature of this lens? (Pls explain elaborately tmrw is my exam) somebody!!!

    • @FatimahWaleed
      @FatimahWaleed 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Minus means diverging "for myopia", plus means converging "for hyperopia".

  • @DocSchuster
    @DocSchuster  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is a deeply jaded perspective, and I heartily disagree. I am far too much a member of the scientific establishment to believe that scientists collude to protect their pocketbooks. I hope that you are able to investigate your claims with more thorough research so scientific truth can be known. I believe your role in questioning established science is an important one. Keep up the quest for understanding.

  • @planktonfun1
    @planktonfun1 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    these, I like these :D

  • @sarfrajyusuf314
    @sarfrajyusuf314 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am watching in 2021

  • @musicalwanderings7380
    @musicalwanderings7380 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Far away yogurt....lol....

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    What I say is this: If you test all natural eyes in a "black box" test - were the "input" is a minus lens, and the "output" is the measured refractive STATE of the eye, you get a true, scientific measurement for all NATURAL eyes. This does not "presume" that the eye is a box camera - just a simple "control-system". This concept an facts are NOT CONSISTENT AND SUPPORTIVE of "traditional practice", that has been conducted for the last 150 years. Click on my name for the research videos.

  • @bd0282
    @bd0282 ปีที่แล้ว

    my far point is like 40 cm :( I need lasik I’m so blind

  • @chuknorth
    @chuknorth 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    lol... one born every minute.

  • @johnmagar7759
    @johnmagar7759 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Myopics are nearsighted not farsighted. Farsighted are hypermetropic
    Good luck
    4th year medical student

  • @gramps2225
    @gramps2225 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i got my glasses today, and i see this king of a tiny bulge on everything, is it normal??

  • @otissumnerbrown
    @otissumnerbrown 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Doc,
    You make a number of mistaken assumptions about physics and science - and worse, IMPLY issues of "money" (i.e., "protect their pocket books") I NEVER SAID THAT, and I sure as hell do not believe it. I would ask you to correct that statement. You can say I am "mistaken", but there are indeed second-opinion ODs and MDs who suggest that "threshold PREVENTION is possible." Enjoy!

  • @jacobvandijk6525
    @jacobvandijk6525 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This isn't a doc, this is a pretty bad clown.

    • @DocSchuster
      @DocSchuster  10 ปีที่แล้ว +30

      You wanna arm wrestle?

    • @jacobvandijk6525
      @jacobvandijk6525 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      No, I don't wanna hurt ya.

    • @nonaq5050
      @nonaq5050 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      god you're salty

    • @zainabm809
      @zainabm809 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      OMG!!!
      You're such a loser!

  • @thierryguindon5277
    @thierryguindon5277 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    ridiculous! optometry is more than simply finding your far point! and giving a diagnosis is a controlled act buddy! by the way.... how do you measure your astigmatism and axis.... let alone your need for prisms? silly (engineering?) man... lots of great optical information... but don't think once you master this info you are an optometrist.