I've been watching these videos since I was 15 and dreaming about becoming a chemist. Fast forward 10 years later I'm still watching the videos as I'm doing my Master's in Chemistry 😆 Thank you prof. Poliakof for a decade of knowledge!
I have nothing smart to say about the way that he talks that haven't been said before, but I just wanted to say that I concur that I could listen to him talking about precisely anything that he finds interesting! :)
I think this was a fantastic explanation of how entropy and enthalpy are two factors of thermodynamic favorability, and how an endothermic process can still occur.
@@ivoivanov7407 that means that entropy change and temperature must be high to counteract the endotherm of the enthalpy change, i really liked learning about free energy, brought everything together.
+ "Oh, it's like a star trek teleporter, you're beaming from lower in the test tube to the top" - "I haven't seen star wars" That's the professor for you.
Not that low concentration actually, some sweets have basically pure crystals sprinkled on the outside, you can get ones with 8% ammonium chloride overall
the buurtsuper (neighbourhood supermarked) doesn't sell salmiak powder anymore, but I have some HCl and ammoniak in my kitchen. Anybody with experience of making salmiak? should i just mix it and let it dry?
"It can turn blood into acid" Me imagining: getting some drops of blood from my finger, mixing it with amonium chloride and measure it with litmus paper; Haldane: Nope, inject it inside your body... I have been doing science wrong! :)
@@karmakazi219 yeah Trek tends to be a little more reality based than Wars. SW is more magical with the jedi being space wizards. ST meanwhile tends to focus more on scientists and explorers. Even though they don't really focus too hard on real science.
They used to make little “pills” of ammonium chloride you would put into the smokestack of model trains, which had a heater, and it would make “smoke”. I suppose some kids ate them.
When I was in high school and my chemistry teacher showed us this experiment, we were encouraged to taste the resulting precipitation, as this salt 'ammoniac' is also a key ingredient of and responsible for the taste of salty liquorice.
Man, I swear Sir Martyn Poliakoff is like the coolest chemistry nerd ever. I could watch him lecture about stuff I have zero understanding of, and his apparent love of the topic is enough to keep me interested. He's certainly a treasure to all of academia, and even humanity.
My chemistry teacher used to do this with a far simpler setup: Just holding a bottle of concentrated HCl and another of concentrated ammonia next to each other, with the lids off, and blowing across the top. Enough gaseous HCl and ammonia escapes from the open lids to start the reaction, and then when you start blowing across the top, the venturi effect forces more out, so you get a nice visible stream of smoke.
It also causes acidosis by drinking it. This is used in medicine to check the acid-removing function of kidneys, which is diminished in certain kidney diseases, by measuring urine pH after NH4Cl challenge.
During my time in university I had to do one experiment that required extremely dry NH4Cl, so i had to resublimate it in a vacuum. To get the necessary amount I had to wait 8-10 hours and as a mere student, I had nothing else to do at the time. At least I could watch the other students do something fun. It was my most boring day at university and that is all I remember about NH4Cl.
Should have become a biologist. I wasn't aware when I went into biology that it required two semesters of Organic Chemistry. Hardest classes ever, but I made it through. One day it just "clicked" for me and was easier in a way after. Just the study of Carbon compounds, about 10 million of them. LOL
@@MountainFisher I actually have a PhD in organic chemistry now. Was always the easiest for me, theoretical chemistry was always the hardest. So much maths! 🤣🤣
I was just studying for a biochemistry exam, reading Leningher principles of biochemistry, and there is a box mentioning this guy that experimented injecting himself with Ammonium chloride, and suggested it as a possible adjuvant treatment for tetanus, because tetanus causes tissue alkalosis.
I remember when we were learning about acids and bases and the teacher told us to put them in verious test tubes to see what happens with the water, NH4OH and HCl i snuck out a bit and squezzed a drop of each on the table and it dried up to be NH4Cl, love the nostalgia this video gave me
One vivid memory I have from my High School Chemistry II class was a day when a student on one side of the class was doing a HCl experiment and another student on the other side of the class was doing an NH3 experiment and a cloud of NH4Cl began forming in the middle of the class over the student chairs.
This is one of the three times I recall that we had to evacuate the class room. It was a fun class. We learned a lot and no one ever got hurt, but the teacher may have pushed the envelope a bit.
When a scientist wants to show one up, they don't say "Hold my beer," they say "In the interest of science." Then they turn their blood acidic or do some other crazy thing.
When i was a kid it was easy to get titanium tetrachloride, which was already known as "liquid smoke" because it reacted with moisture in the air to make TiO2 and HCl gas, which gave copious white snoke. My addition was a container of concentrated ammonia, which not only neutralized the HCl but doubled the amount of smoke! One time when I lived in the Haight in San Francisco, i rigged my bicycle with two open containers on the luggage rack behind the seat, one with TiCl4, the other with NH4OH. When I'd ride down the street, the breeze would cause the two chemicals to mix, creating massive clouds of white TiO2 plus NH4Cl smoke. The faster I'd go, the thicker the smoke until finally, speeding east down Haight towards Fillmore, the smoke got thick enough to impede traffic and enrage drivers. Finally I turned off on a sidestreet and, sirens sounding in the distance, I stashed the still smouldering bicycle under aome shrubbery and walked briskly away. Remind me to tell you about the Christmas when I mixed up a gallon of sodium fluorescien and dyed the street glowing green from Waller to the park. Used to launch bottle rockets from the roof of my place at 638 Ashbury sometimes too - bats**t crazy....that was 1979... different world.
I once worked in a lab at an industrial plant that manufactured chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide via electrolysis of sodium chloride. To find even the tiniest of chlorine gas leaks we would simply unstopper a container of ammonium hydroxide solution and just the residual ammonia on the stopper was enough to produce a significant white cloud of ammonium chloride when we moved the stopper around any leaking valves, seals and fitting.
Potassium chloride dissolved in water is also endothermic. It gets very cold! You should be able to find some at a market, grocery store, or health food store. One of the products is called Nusalt. It is salty like sodium chloride, but has quite a different flavor.
I actually did this experiment in my first year, among other things in analytical chemistry. the exam for that was to determine two unknown solutions. one containing cations, and one containing anions. one of them was NH4+ which when NaOH was added would produce ammonia gas. using a glass stir rod dipped in concentrated HCl, will produce white smoke when the rod placed near the test tube. it's one of my favorite reactions. the other was Nessler reaction, anything to do with copper, Berthelot's reaction, and Iron(III) with potassium thiocyanate
In the Netherlands we call NH4Cl "salmiak" and it's often used as an ingrediënt in "drop" (black liquorice) for its flavour. It tastes weirdly salty and I'm kinda addicted to it 😄.
Bigclive has a video where he talks about the use of ammonium chloride as a special effect for theater productions. It’s basically the same as the test tube sublimation experiment, but if you don’t have the cold test tube walls for it to crystallize on, the fine crystals are carried into the air and produce a gentle haze
And yet it's a common delicacy here in the Finland. We mix it in licourice and call it 'salmiakki'. At primary school chemistry lesson we were taught to put little bit of NH3 and HCl under a glas jar. Then if we want, we could taste the white, snowy salmiakki (ammonium chloride) raining down in this jar.
0:34 in another Periodic video, the element Arsenic also sublimes when you heat it! Also at 2:14 now I know Ammonium Chlorate dissolved in water is the *magic* chemical that makes instant ice packs for cold compress
I now have a yen for Salmiakki for some strange reason. I wonder if Dr. Poliakoff could do a bit about food chemistry, it would be an interesting mini-series for the channel.
Watching the professor is the perfect way to begin the month of June. I would like to see a video of the professor talking about The Enterprise’s matter antimatter chamber. If he ever would watch Star Trek.
Once I thought the universe was ruled by accountants, who kept track of energy, then I learned about entropy, and discovered that it's statisticians who are really in charge.
@@moosemaimer the laws of thermodynamics are known to be stacked against us. They can be summarised by saying that they ensure you can never get something for nothing, you can never win, you can only break even. You can only break even at absolute zero, and to add insult to injury, you can never reach absolute zero. But at least the zeroth law ensures equality.
Random, but - 2:10 I know in a lot of countries (eg: US, Australia), they pulled ammonium nitrate based cold packs out because they could be used to make explosives, and replaced them with urea. But the urea doesn't work nearly as well as the ammonium nitrate. I wonder why they don't use ammonium chloride? It seems to get to a much lower temperature than the urea based backs do.
2:20 - See also: ammonium nitrate which are the crystals in "instant cold" when mixed with water. And ammonium nitrate mixes with diesel to make ANFO bombs, like Oklahoma City.
During one of the labs in my chemistry study, once one half of the lab was working which boiling HCl solution, the other half with ammonia. There was a demarcation line in the air in-between.
On a related note, I wonder if you could make some ammonium fluoride/ice cocrystals for us? Apparently NH4F is the only compound that can form cocrystals with ice.
Trying to understand things about lightning from volcanoes and ammonium chloride from volcanoes having to do with the nitrogen cycle and a possible nitrogen trade-off with the ozone layer having to do with upper atmospheric red lightning sprites, blue jets, and other TLEs. Thank you for this video. I was recommended Chromium also, which reminded me that i guessed about a transition phase of some elements(after accumulating in the upper atmosphere, possibly due to vaporization of space rocks daily) being necessary for the charge being passed through the lightning from the molten metal rivers underneath the volcano, concerning transient luminous events.
Ammonium chloride is delicious with lots of sugar, a bit of licorice and anis. Salmiakki icecream is the best icecream in the universe. You can also buy it in small bricks, it is used in copper soldering as a flux.
Ive used this as a flux when tin coating copper, it looks like a smoke bomb while doing this under our hood. Never knew any of the chemistry of it, facinating, I assume the hcl when it sublimates rips off any copper oxides when heating the metal to the melting point of tin?
Heating it up and having it decompose to ammonia and HCL and then react to form a solid is not really a true sublimation is it? There is a brief period of time when it is not the same chemical compound.
Can you please do a segment on Mercurochrome i just want to see how it was made and what they made it out of its a compound that has peaked my curiosity for years
Everything is chemical reactions and chemical reactions are just the physics of atoms and molecules. There's patterns that connect everything. I'm at the point that I don't see a difference between the sciences. They are all just a form of physics even psychology is just physics.
Actually, sublimation is a physical reaction, not a chemical reaction. The substance did not change, only its phase, from solid directly to gas then back to a solid again.
I am interested what kind of metal for the hollow pipe is needed to make a oxygen metal cutting Lance to make it melt lesser and force the oxygen flow accurately?
It looks like a bunch of ammonium compounds, when you dissolve them in water, the temperature drops. I remember with my 2nd chemistry kit, one of the experiments was to put a little NH4Cl in a test tube and warm it and up observe what happens.
It can be helpful to make your blood acid with ammonium chloride if you are having an overdose of a drug like methamphetamine or amphetamine. Helps to increase the elimination of the drug which otherwise would be largely reabsorbed into your bloodstream.
Could you use this to make an instant cold pack, essentially a reverse of those gel heating pad that heat up when disturbed? Not sure how to separate the salt and water after you use it though.
Yes, and that's exactly what you'll find in a commercial instant cold pack. Those packs are single use, you throw them away after they're expended. But returning the salt to a solid isn't hard - just heat the solution until the water evaporates.
I was in chem lab and a student mixed HCl and ... i forget but a bunch if HCl gas was released so the prof poured some conc. NH4OH and walked thru the lab.. COOL!
We did the NH4Cl forming reaction in middle school chemistry class but our liquids were in beakers inside a closed container so all the gas crystallized on the bottom of the container.
The idea of making ones blood acidic is interesting. I wonder what kinds of effects would be had on the body from that. I doubt it would be strong enough acidity to eat through ones blood vessels but I am curious just how acidic it would become.
The sublimation effect you see with ammonium chloride is not quite the same as for other substances, as it is a chemical change that reverses as it cools, rather than a physical one. However, the effect is much the same.
I've been watching these videos since I was 15 and dreaming about becoming a chemist. Fast forward 10 years later I'm still watching the videos as I'm doing my Master's in Chemistry 😆 Thank you prof. Poliakof for a decade of knowledge!
The Professor somehow manages to be very dry and very charismatic at the same time. I would watch him talk about anything.
I have nothing smart to say about the way that he talks that haven't been said before, but I just wanted to say that I concur that I could listen to him talking about precisely anything that he finds interesting! :)
I think this was a fantastic explanation of how entropy and enthalpy are two factors of thermodynamic favorability, and how an endothermic process can still occur.
dG = dH - TdS; dG < 0 for spontaneous reaction. Note that dH is positive for endothermic reactions.
@@ivoivanov7407 that means that entropy change and temperature must be high to counteract the endotherm of the enthalpy change, i really liked learning about free energy, brought everything together.
+ "Oh, it's like a star trek teleporter, you're beaming from lower in the test tube to the top"
- "I haven't seen star wars"
That's the professor for you.
lovely
when you realise The Professor is too cool to be a nerd
He's from the age of the dinosaurs
Forgot to mention that it tastes delicious! Swedes and finish people love salmiakki!
Some of my classmates would eat it out of jar in the schools physics lab (where we also did chemestry).
Drop 😎
Car battery acid is also great in many foods. Just make sure there is no sweet lead in it... use fresh acid 😁
Not all of us do. It's horrible!
Not just Swedes and Finns
It gladdens me to know there are people that don't know what Star Trek or Star Wars is... Shine on Martin, you crazy diamond!
I believe it is used in salty liqourise, salmiak. In low concentration that is.
Not that low concentration actually, some sweets have basically pure crystals sprinkled on the outside, you can get ones with 8% ammonium chloride overall
@@tommihommi1 and they are delicious.
i now want to breathe that smoke
the buurtsuper (neighbourhood supermarked) doesn't sell salmiak powder anymore, but I have some HCl and ammoniak in my kitchen. Anybody with experience of making salmiak? should i just mix it and let it dry?
@@fukpoeslaw3613 sure but do it outside and make sure to purify it somehow afterwards in case you have accidentally gotten the ratios wrong
"It can turn blood into acid"
Me imagining: getting some drops of blood from my finger, mixing it with amonium chloride and measure it with litmus paper;
Haldane: Nope, inject it inside your body...
I have been doing science wrong! :)
Well it doesnt matter with which substances you Mix blood, the litmus paper will always turn red lol
"Not seen Star Wars..."
*New video series confirmed:*
Professor Martyn reacts to chemistry in Star Trek / Star Wars
War trek 💥🚀🛸
"Today's video is about Midichlorians"
I think the professor would like Star Trek. I can imagine him going on and on about the chemistry of dilithium crystals and whatnot.
love that movie
@@karmakazi219 yeah Trek tends to be a little more reality based than Wars. SW is more magical with the jedi being space wizards. ST meanwhile tends to focus more on scientists and explorers. Even though they don't really focus too hard on real science.
It's incredible that you are still going after so many years!
@The zerastora THIS 😂😂😂
They used to make little “pills” of ammonium chloride you would put into the smokestack of model trains, which had a heater, and it would make “smoke”. I suppose some kids ate them.
"It tastes like burning"
-Ralph Wiggum
It isnt that toxic though
i'd eat it, i love the taste
@@ViiKing_ In germany we put it in some kinds of candy. It is called Salmiak Lakritz.
"I suppose some kids ate them." can be said about any small object :P
A new upload by Periodic Videos makes today a pog day.
When I was in high school and my chemistry teacher showed us this experiment, we were encouraged to taste the resulting precipitation, as this salt 'ammoniac' is also a key ingredient of and responsible for the taste of salty liquorice.
I love these types of reaction videos. I find it very enjoyable to watch elements react to each other.
Man, I swear Sir Martyn Poliakoff is like the coolest chemistry nerd ever. I could watch him lecture about stuff I have zero understanding of, and his apparent love of the topic is enough to keep me interested. He's certainly a treasure to all of academia, and even humanity.
My chemistry teacher used to do this with a far simpler setup: Just holding a bottle of concentrated HCl and another of concentrated ammonia next to each other, with the lids off, and blowing across the top. Enough gaseous HCl and ammonia escapes from the open lids to start the reaction, and then when you start blowing across the top, the venturi effect forces more out, so you get a nice visible stream of smoke.
This channel is like comfort food that's healthy, educational, and just nice to watch.
The professor is so adorable and learned! Love him ❤
It also causes acidosis by drinking it. This is used in medicine to check the acid-removing function of kidneys, which is diminished in certain kidney diseases, by measuring urine pH after NH4Cl challenge.
During my time in university I had to do one experiment that required extremely dry NH4Cl, so i had to resublimate it in a vacuum. To get the necessary amount I had to wait 8-10 hours and as a mere student, I had nothing else to do at the time. At least I could watch the other students do something fun. It was my most boring day at university and that is all I remember about NH4Cl.
Should have become a biologist. I wasn't aware when I went into biology that it required two semesters of Organic Chemistry. Hardest classes ever, but I made it through. One day it just "clicked" for me and was easier in a way after. Just the study of Carbon compounds, about 10 million of them. LOL
@@MountainFisher I actually have a PhD in organic chemistry now. Was always the easiest for me, theoretical chemistry was always the hardest. So much maths! 🤣🤣
It's also used for woodburning. Like they explained, it gives off HCl gas when heated, which turns wood dark.
I made a video about this a time ago...
I was just studying for a biochemistry exam, reading Leningher principles of biochemistry, and there is a box mentioning this guy that experimented injecting himself with Ammonium chloride, and suggested it as a possible adjuvant treatment for tetanus, because tetanus causes tissue alkalosis.
Often used in practical effects to make "smoke." I've used this a number of times using household ammonia and muriatic acid from the hardware store.
I read in a book that ammonia was at one time used in atomic clocks. It’s shape made it useful as such. Behooves me. The genius of this.
This is such a relief that those videos don't have those clickbait images that everyone lese is putting out.
As a Chemistry major, I totally love this videos greetings from NZ
This dude is an absolute legend! If I think of the words "Mad scientist" then he literally pops up in my head!
I remember when we were learning about acids and bases and the teacher told us to put them in verious test tubes to see what happens with the water, NH4OH and HCl
i snuck out a bit and squezzed a drop of each on the table and it dried up to be NH4Cl, love the nostalgia this video gave me
One vivid memory I have from my High School Chemistry II class was a day when a student on one side of the class was doing a HCl experiment and another student on the other side of the class was doing an NH3 experiment and a cloud of NH4Cl began forming in the middle of the class over the student chairs.
This is one of the three times I recall that we had to evacuate the class room. It was a fun class. We learned a lot and no one ever got hurt, but the teacher may have pushed the envelope a bit.
This is a really nice one for thermodymics illustrations.
When a scientist wants to show one up, they don't say "Hold my beer," they say "In the interest of science." Then they turn their blood acidic or do some other crazy thing.
"Welcome to Aperture Science... I'm Cave Johnson."
@@moosemaimer "for science"
When i was a kid it was easy to get titanium tetrachloride, which was already known as "liquid smoke" because it reacted with moisture in the air to make TiO2 and HCl gas, which gave copious white snoke. My addition was a container of concentrated ammonia, which not only neutralized the HCl but doubled the amount of smoke!
One time when I lived in the Haight in San Francisco, i rigged my bicycle with two open containers on the luggage rack behind the seat, one with TiCl4, the other with NH4OH. When I'd ride down the street, the breeze would cause the two chemicals to mix, creating massive clouds of white TiO2 plus NH4Cl smoke. The faster I'd go, the thicker the smoke until finally, speeding east down Haight towards Fillmore, the smoke got thick enough to impede traffic and enrage drivers. Finally I turned off on a sidestreet and, sirens sounding in the distance, I stashed the still smouldering bicycle under aome shrubbery and walked briskly away.
Remind me to tell you about the Christmas when I mixed up a gallon of sodium fluorescien and dyed the street glowing green from Waller to the park.
Used to launch bottle rockets from the roof of my place at 638 Ashbury sometimes too - bats**t crazy....that was 1979... different world.
I once worked in a lab at an industrial plant that manufactured chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide via electrolysis of sodium chloride. To find even the tiniest of chlorine gas leaks we would simply unstopper a container of ammonium hydroxide solution and just the residual ammonia on the stopper was enough to produce a significant white cloud of ammonium chloride when we moved the stopper around any leaking valves, seals and fitting.
1:50 put a teapot candle with clean water to float above solution, it should freeze.
Some of my favorite candies are made with ammonium chloride. Some 2 to 5% per weight normally, some special candies might have 10% or more.
Wow they are in candies never knew. Thought it was toxic
Potassium chloride dissolved in water is also endothermic. It gets very cold! You should be able to find some at a market, grocery store, or health food store. One of the products is called Nusalt. It is salty like sodium chloride, but has quite a different flavor.
I actually did this experiment in my first year, among other things in analytical chemistry. the exam for that was to determine two unknown solutions. one containing cations, and one containing anions. one of them was NH4+ which when NaOH was added would produce ammonia gas. using a glass stir rod dipped in concentrated HCl, will produce white smoke when the rod placed near the test tube. it's one of my favorite reactions. the other was Nessler reaction, anything to do with copper, Berthelot's reaction, and Iron(III) with potassium thiocyanate
In the Netherlands we call NH4Cl "salmiak" and it's often used as an ingrediënt in "drop" (black liquorice) for its flavour. It tastes weirdly salty and I'm kinda addicted to it 😄.
Bigclive has a video where he talks about the use of ammonium chloride as a special effect for theater productions. It’s basically the same as the test tube sublimation experiment, but if you don’t have the cold test tube walls for it to crystallize on, the fine crystals are carried into the air and produce a gentle haze
Ammonium chloride is used in Scandinavian licorice as a strong flavouring agent. It's also used in baking to make things crispy, like cookies.
I wish I could have a cup of tea with the professor in his lovely backyard.
And yet it's a common delicacy here in the Finland. We mix it in licourice and call it 'salmiakki'.
At primary school chemistry lesson we were taught to put little bit of NH3 and HCl under a glas jar. Then if we want, we could taste the white, snowy salmiakki (ammonium chloride) raining down in this jar.
I'm sold. What a fun compound.
I just made some of this yesterday to use in making ammonium hexachloropalladate (for refining palladium from my stock pot.)
Always happy to see Neil and the professor!!:)
0:34 in another Periodic video, the element Arsenic also sublimes when you heat it! Also at 2:14 now I know Ammonium Chlorate dissolved in water is the *magic* chemical that makes instant ice packs for cold compress
I now have a yen for Salmiakki for some strange reason. I wonder if Dr. Poliakoff could do a bit about food chemistry, it would be an interesting mini-series for the channel.
Dutch people have an ammonium chloride (salmiak in dubbelzoute drop) addiction.
Also Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark :) Maybe even a worse addiction. I'm a bit sad that the professor didn't mention this!
@@lerikhkl how do you ingest it. I got some and want to try 😊
0:55 When something goes from gas straight to solid, it's deposition not condensation.
Watching the professor is the perfect way to begin the month of June.
I would like to see a video of the professor talking about The Enterprise’s matter antimatter chamber. If he ever would watch Star Trek.
You should do a video sometime on the scrubbers on your fume hoods. It would be nice to see how you keep these toxic vapors out of the atmosphere.
Once I thought the universe was ruled by accountants, who kept track of energy, then I learned about entropy, and discovered that it's statisticians who are really in charge.
Entropy proves the universe is run by bureaucrats... you start with a given quantity of resources and inevitably they are all dispersed untraceably.
@@moosemaimer the laws of thermodynamics are known to be stacked against us.
They can be summarised by saying that they ensure you can never get something for nothing, you can never win, you can only break even. You can only break even at absolute zero, and to add insult to injury, you can never reach absolute zero. But at least the zeroth law ensures equality.
Random, but - 2:10 I know in a lot of countries (eg: US, Australia), they pulled ammonium nitrate based cold packs out because they could be used to make explosives, and replaced them with urea. But the urea doesn't work nearly as well as the ammonium nitrate. I wonder why they don't use ammonium chloride? It seems to get to a much lower temperature than the urea based backs do.
Always a quality content, thank you
2:20 - See also: ammonium nitrate which are the crystals in "instant cold" when mixed with water. And ammonium nitrate mixes with diesel to make ANFO bombs, like Oklahoma City.
Oklahoma City used methyl nitrite (nitromethane) not oil
Thank you for everything you do keep up the wonderful work 💪
During one of the labs in my chemistry study, once one half of the lab was working which boiling HCl solution, the other half with ammonia. There was a demarcation line in the air in-between.
On a related note, I wonder if you could make some ammonium fluoride/ice cocrystals for us? Apparently NH4F is the only compound that can form cocrystals with ice.
I really enjoy these videos where the professor is outside.
We miss you Professor
Trying to understand things about lightning from volcanoes and ammonium chloride from volcanoes having to do with the nitrogen cycle and a possible nitrogen trade-off with the ozone layer having to do with upper atmospheric red lightning sprites, blue jets, and other TLEs. Thank you for this video.
I was recommended Chromium also, which reminded me that i guessed about a transition phase of some elements(after accumulating in the upper atmosphere, possibly due to vaporization of space rocks daily) being necessary for the charge being passed through the lightning from the molten metal rivers underneath the volcano, concerning transient luminous events.
Ammonium chloride is delicious with lots of sugar, a bit of licorice and anis. Salmiakki icecream is the best icecream in the universe. You can also buy it in small bricks, it is used in copper soldering as a flux.
«Very funny, Scotty! Now beam down my clothes.»
Ive used this as a flux when tin coating copper, it looks like a smoke bomb while doing this under our hood. Never knew any of the chemistry of it, facinating, I assume the hcl when it sublimates rips off any copper oxides when heating the metal to the melting point of tin?
Heating it up and having it decompose to ammonia and HCL and then react to form a solid is not really a true sublimation is it? There is a brief period of time when it is not the same chemical compound.
Can you please do a segment on Mercurochrome i just want to see how it was made and what they made it out of its a compound that has peaked my curiosity for years
Interesting how the “sublimation” process is actually a chemical reaction
Everything is chemical reactions and chemical reactions are just the physics of atoms and molecules.
There's patterns that connect everything.
I'm at the point that I don't see a difference between the sciences. They are all just a form of physics even psychology is just physics.
@@theFLCLguy i think he meant that he was suprised the compound changed and reformed rather than just evaporating and condensing....
@@theFLCLguy Because physics is everything.
@@crocogile2352 exactly, I assumed it might be like CO2 in that it sublimes directly into a gas
Actually, sublimation is a physical reaction, not a chemical reaction. The substance did not change, only its phase, from solid directly to gas then back to a solid again.
I am interested what kind of metal for the hollow pipe is needed to make a oxygen metal cutting Lance to make it melt lesser and force the oxygen flow accurately?
It looks like a bunch of ammonium compounds, when you dissolve them in water, the temperature drops.
I remember with my 2nd chemistry kit, one of the experiments was to put a little NH4Cl in a test tube and warm it and up observe what happens.
The dramatic zoom-in at 5:11 :) Reminiscent of Brooklyn99 camera-work.
It can be helpful to make your blood acid with ammonium chloride if you are having an overdose of a drug like methamphetamine or amphetamine. Helps to increase the elimination of the drug which otherwise would be largely reabsorbed into your bloodstream.
i remember a video regarding the vaporization of MoO3 when burning Mo in air. How does the MoO3 vaporize. Floating Mo? or floating Mo complexes?
I’m jealous of that tie that’s clean right there
5:30 I'll have to remember that next time I'm trapped in the Wildfire lab with the Andromeda Strain.
Is there already a named reaction? E.g. the Poliakoff rearrangement or Poliakoff esterification?
"I haven't seen Star Wars..." *Subscriber count drops by 1 million immediately* :D :P
Not after the last several movies.
@@L9MN4sTCUk The Auralnauts version is my head-canon.
Love your videos, sir
Nice to see Brian May on the channel!
5:37
Neil Reid, The thought Emporium: Hold our Cyanide Almonds.
Could this reaction be used for cooling systems? Mix with water to cool, then use the exhaust heat to re crystallize it?
the paper you're highlighting says "by mouth", not injected?
We heated some ammonium chloride and it was sublime!
Ethylene diamine and HCl makes much denser smoke. I found this out in my 6th year chemistry lab instead of doing "sanctioned experiments".
Could you use this to make an instant cold pack, essentially a reverse of those gel heating pad that heat up when disturbed? Not sure how to separate the salt and water after you use it though.
Yes, and that's exactly what you'll find in a commercial instant cold pack. Those packs are single use, you throw them away after they're expended. But returning the salt to a solid isn't hard - just heat the solution until the water evaporates.
Thank u professor for this experiment
I was in chem lab and a student mixed HCl and ... i forget but a bunch if HCl gas was released so the prof poured some conc. NH4OH and walked thru the lab.. COOL!
Love from italy 🇮🇹
Where does all chemicals go when they get in to the fume hood? Is there some filtrations system?
In Britain we pump them into a special room where we breed zombies. True story.
We did the NH4Cl forming reaction in middle school chemistry class but our liquids were in beakers inside a closed container so all the gas crystallized on the bottom of the container.
Professor is rocking an awesome hairstyle...I love it. 🔥me☝️just make sure the fume hood is on.
A whole video on ammonium chloride and no mention of the taste?!
Sal ammoniac is used as flux for copper work (as in roofing and guttering)
5:19 very acid, much chemistry, wow
The professor looks great 👏🏻 was a bit worried under corona, he seemed a bit pale but I guess we all were under these conditions
How many times have you set that beautiful mop on fire?
Professor Haldane was sadly mistaken in his interpretation of the latest scientific paper from Berkeley, California.
Haldane showed it by taking the ammonium chloride by mouth. Not by injection. 5:33
Ammonium Chloride. My favorite. For the next few minutes.
The idea of making ones blood acidic is interesting. I wonder what kinds of effects would be had on the body from that. I doubt it would be strong enough acidity to eat through ones blood vessels but I am curious just how acidic it would become.
The sublimation effect you see with ammonium chloride is not quite the same as for other substances, as it is a chemical change that reverses as it cools, rather than a physical one. However, the effect is much the same.