Capacitors And Resistors -A Parts Substitution Guide!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 มี.ค. 2023
- The thought process and procedure explained regarding the replacement of older components with modern substitutions in a point to point environment. To learn electronics in a very different and effective way, and gain access to Mr Carlson's personal designs and inventions, visit the Mr Carlson's Lab Patreon page here: / mrcarlsonslab
#restoration #electronics #repair - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
To learn electronics in a very different and effective way, and gain access to Mr Carlson's personal designs and inventions, visit the Mr Carlson's Lab Patreon page here: www.patreon.com/MrCarlsonsLab
Thanks Paul, you've been rolling out the videos lately -- it is much appreciated by many!
My pleasure!
Dang right
Some 30 years ago I spent 10 years as a bench tech at a TV shop. I repaired an average of 400 sets a year, along with countless home stereos, VCRs, Cd Players and did Sony warranty repairs on all their products. I am completely humbled by Mr Carlson. Thank you so much for sharing, I love the the videos!
Ive been fixing friends more analog based electronics for years as a nerdy forum junky good at soldering that can read a schematic. Recently got into playing with and testing my own tube preamp designs.. Mr. Carlson has me sitting down, taking notes, and putting on my student cap 100%
I will be a patreon contributor very soon. It's nice to be reminded in such a friendly and educational manner how little i really know about what ive been doing lol.
Your videos are like free college, but without the passed out drunk roomate with the Che Guavera poster. Thank you for all of the great content.
this is content what the internet is made for not what it is now
I could not resist your capacity to make such good videos. Thank you.
😆
Ah! Yes! But, is your capacity rated sufficient to resist the high tension when you are waiting on standby for the next video? Remember what Paul said about how high the B+ can go on standby. He he
We should inducter Paul in you TUBE hall of fame!
@@mbwatson1000 The joke has already been told..... 😁😁😁
I could not resist your capacity to generate such transforming videos with great frequency.😉
EXCELLENT information - replacement selection for obsolete components can be tricky, but your specific explanation of why you chose that particular part for your current project followed up with a generic discussion of why (and how) the choice might be different for another project is interesting and extremely helpful. More "off the beaten path" discussions like this, please!!!
speciality IC Chips are some the thughest to replace !
This is very informative. I think a similar video on choosing transistors would be super helpful. It's often difficult to determine which transistor parameters are important in a given circuit, and which could be better improved.
Agreed
And if you haven't seen "xraytonyb" and his video series on transistor substitution.... I highly recommend it.
Yes! I'd love to see that too. But also, with all the "counterfeit" capacitors and other components out there, how about identifying the good sources and brands? I use Digi-Key, but are there other good suppliers? And as far as brands... I had to make sure the video was in 1080p HD (the best this Chromebook can do) and make it full screen and stop it to look at those poly capacitors around 6:00. I'd never before heard of that one with the stylized S logo labeled PPE-MKP-FC, made in France. Where does one source them?
+1
Most of this stuff is above my head but I still really enjoy your videos.
It never fails, no matter how many of your videos over how many years I watch every day I learned something new.
"the king" of you are "all about electronics" - thank you
I have really been enjoying your videos and happy to be one of your patrons. I've been doing electronics since I was 12 and am now 58. I was licensed as a ham when tube electronics was transitioning to transistors. I learn something I didn't know every time I watch your videos. I hope to someday to restore a Hellicrafters SX-25 which was my first station receiver. The huge speaker could wake the dead. My mother was very patient. Keep the videos coming and thanks so much for sharing you knowledge.
it's very therapeutic watching your videos. I'm not even an Electonics geek, more of a board swapper than anything. but I love your channel.
That is one insane bench!
Thanks Paul,..... the finer details that can be overlooked ....to frustration for a novice / hobbyist. It will all blend together as we learn from each other.
Thanks so much! I was going to write to you on Patreon and ask about some of these things. I purchased a note book to follow along so I can review later and get things rite when I start working on older things. This is the down to earth how to I needed to know. Thanks again.
an invaluable video to a serious hobbyist.
I'm glad you made this video, it's really good info
Love watching your videos Paul, lots to be learned from your information, repairing old tube equipment myself I learned lots , your a great Mentor your friend Jim Gauthier KD8FHC
Another fabulous video MCL! I must chime i can’t hardly wait until this channel steps up to Akli reel to reel and pioneer 1980 receivers
Well, in about the first 7 minutes Mr Carlson proves his absolute worth to the teaching.
Almost always everything he does is Gold.
As I have a CR91 waiting for me to tackle it (AKA heavy beast) I am watching this receiver series with great interest indeed.
Very interesting discussion... I think a good discussion is how come the electronics in these old radios look different than our modern equipment. All the components are point to point and floating in the air whereas we have PCB's and things look a lot more organized and cleaner. I know there's a good reason for it and I feel that the answer will lead to an interesting discussion...
I should add that the topics I hear on this channel are always surprising and interesting to me, I have an AA degree in electronics, but we didn't cover tubes, except one class and we did one or two labs with them, and it was the last time they were teaching the class with tubes... that was back in 1983 or 1984... so electronics classes at my college are probably not going to feature tubes and all this old-tech... that I find fascinating like a history lesson in practical form as you restore these radios. And "B+" much respect for the high voltages, YIKES!!!
Really liked the conversation about keeping carbon resistors carbon and oscillator capacitor choice. Electronic component materials are often chosen for very specific reasons. It is very hard to go over every scenario with respect to materials and circuit applications, but you took a very good stab at it. At University it is usually a 1/2 year course. Good for you breaking it down.
Still more gems of restoration information that can only come from hard won experience and a solid understanding of electronics.
I learn something new everyday. Usually from your channel Paul. Steve
Thanks for your kind feedback Steve!
Mr C., Thanks for the continuing education, much appreciated. Knowing which kind, what value and where in circuit substitutions are appropriate is so important as discussed here. Great video, see you soon. 👍👍
Thank you very much for this perfect explanation!
I had some wise comments about my experiences........but as soon as I started typing it, you started talking about it. LOL. Very thorough.
I love listening and watching while you sharpen my pencil.....
Love the cadence you've been keeping with these videos. Glad all the work redesigning the lab seems to be paying off. Keep that Keurig chugging! 👍
Good choice with replacing components! I have noticed that in US made radio equipment from WWII and tube equipment made later almost never electrolytic caps were used. Probably because they were not considered reliable enough in storage. Instead, relatively small-value paper-in-oil caps (4-10 uF). Most of the smoothing was done with multi section filters with these and one or two big filter reactors. Sometimes the coils were even tuned to the ripple frequency
Thanks Mr. C Eye opening information.
Wow, a Mr. Carlson video blows by so fast, regardless of the length, so much invaluable information. Thanks, Paul.
Thanks Paul for the very informative points about capacitors and resistors in inductive resonant circuits and bypass applications!! you are a true wealth of knowledge in the electronic realm of science!!! Many thanks go to you in sharing that knowledge!!! John A Bellas KC2UVN 73's
Oh boy, it's going to be a great Friday night ! 🍿 📽
Thanks for the vid !
You bet!
You are fascinating to me Sir! Best wishes from Pensacola, FL
Best channel on the web
Man oh man oh man thanks Mr. Carlson. Been waiting for this one quite a while.
Your advice and knowledge on the component level is much appreciated. I don't think there's anybody around who's talking with this much competence. I've learned truckloads from following you over the years. Cheers mate
Oh…I’ve been waiting for just this! I’m at the level of cooking out of a can but I aspire to be a chef.
Paul, I really got some good info on this video! I didn't realize that it was that important to use carbon comp resistors where required. To me a resistor is just a resistor. I can only dream of having your knowledge of this old equipment. To me the modern day electronics is much easier to repair, just because most of it is just 'power rails' feeding IC's, where as this old equipment you HAVE to know your stuff! Thanks again for the informative video! Guess I may be too old to learn it all at 63 yrs before my time is up, too much to learn! 🤦♂ But I'm having fun watching your videos, I AM learning! 😉
I'd very much like to see you cover the candohm resistors. These continue to be a source of mystery and befuddlement for the junior tech.
Also, a comprehensive stab at selenium diodes would also be a hugely beneficial topic.
Thank you.
The Polypropylene Capacitors not only have a higher voltage rating, but also a much lower ESR than electrolytics. I just tested a new 2.2uf 630v polypropylene cap and it was reading "0" ohm ESR, then tested a few new 4.7uf 450v electrolytics and they tested about "7" ohms ESR, according to the ESR Capacitor Wizard tester I have.
You are correct!
Looking forward to seeing the next video.
Another great lesson! Thanks, Paul.
More good information from you, thanks! It's good to know why you substitute with certain types of components.
Mr Carlsons lab you are good at restoring vintage shortwave receivers with ssb and alignment of vintage shortwave receivers
Mr C on my TV , still awesome after many years
Thank you for showing me this!
Great video! It was all very well explained!
I was your 2nd Like this morning!! This video came at the right moment just as I was putting together a mouser order for caps and such, and for your course online .. Yes - Love your new training course in the patreon! So now I can better understand and follow this book I bought years ago Experimental Methods in RF Design - from ARRL which is now out of print.
This helps me a lot! Going in the favorites!
This is super helpful, as I've got a Collins 51J-4 and a Central Electronics 100V transmitter to work on.
Paul your amazing great explainations the best so far I have ever seen glad you take the time to share you knowledge Love your videos keep it up 73s wb7qxu
Once again a very informative video. Thank you, Mr. Carlson
Wow nice lab upgrade man! As always, informative and useful video! Keep up the good work, 10/10 :)
Nice information Mr Carlson sir I appreciate your hard work sir good video thanks for the sharing Nice information sir 👍❤.
I once had to replace a set of if transformers on my bc-611f. These are notorious for the wire breaking off in the center of the coil. Fortunately one side of the transformer was still ok and i could get an inductance reading. Any 455khz transformer would have done but i found one that was an almost exact match, all i had to do is toss a mica cap across the primarily and secondary to get the LC to 455 and I hot glued it into the old caseing.
I now use it at the Xenia hamvention every year and it works great.
Very informational; thanks for posting!
Thanks a lot for sharing your knowledge and the time that you spend on it!
I was just using two 450V electrolytics in series on the supply lines. 600VDC with cold tubes in my DIY amp, roughly 400VDC under load. In another project I just did delayed HV to solve the problem of some tubes arcing (a very "interesting" circuit) when cold.
Mr Carlsons lab your RCA shortwave receiver with ssb is cool
Thanks Paul, I always learn a lot!
My pleasure!
EXCELLENT video. Great content that all of us are in great need of. Video work is excellent as usual. Thank you for this work you do to help us "Tyro Novices" learn learn learn... greatly appreciated. God Bless...
My pleasure!
Good on this one Mr C. I relaxed
Wow! Great information! Thank you!
Thanks for the great video! Are you changing the mica caps, just for performance reasons? I understand that it’s necessary to change out electrolytic cap, in case they are dry.
Thank you.
That was helpful.
Mr Carlsons lab your utube videos are awesome 👌 👏 👍
Yes , many thanks Mr Carlson, as ever, another interesting video.
You are very welcome!
Great video Paul, thanks a lot!
Very informative! Thanks for sharing and keep them coming.
Thanks Paul, always very helpful videos.
My pleasure!
Awesome as Always. Thank you so much...Very Helpful for me.
Thanks Paul for this video. I found an old Robyn CB radio out in my garage and it has a lot of oil filled capacitors under the chassis. The radio works just fine and it's not really showing any obvious signs of failure, but I would like to at least replace the components before they fail.
👍Thank you for another excellent video. The only thing I was curious about was the advice, if replacing a carbon resistor, to stick with carbon. Assuming they can handle the power, I tended to think metal film was usually better in RF circuits (less noise than carbon and more stable). Is there any special reasons for not replacing carbon with metal film please? Is it maybe that carbon is better at dissipating transient heat?
Bravo Paul trovo i tuoi video molto molto interessanti👍
even the cool cheap Chinese hobby oscilloscopes can capture B+ spikes. I love trouble shooting with the O-scope. 😎 Thanks Mr. Carlson for the great info.
Brilliant! Thanks huge for sharing young lad.
My pleasure!
I really enjoyed this video!
Someday I would like to see you do a video on voltage multipliers in power supply circuits. Particularly in high current use such as the Heathkit HP-23 power supply. I can't find any good solid information on the values of capacitors in microfarads verses the current required for the supply. I know that esr is important in this application, but the size of the capacitor in capacitance also matters. I've always just gone big in the supplies I've built, but what do you REALLY need outside of keeping ripple down? Thanks for all of your videos! I learned SO much over the past 3 years!
When i think about situations like certain parts of Ukraine, i think about how people like Mr Carlson are already likely saving lives by proxy. one of the first things id be doing in an invasion scenario is scavenging basic components i could use to make radios. Transistors, capacitors, mosfets, vacuum tubes, transformers. anything i could get my hands on in the name of keeping information flowing and souls soothed by music.
The world geopolitical situations, and my unwillingness to pull wool over my own eyes with the domestic political situation, makes me feel as if developing skills like these, are very wise.
It was extensive again and a lot of background information. There for my thanks.
Those eye-bolt studs they use under the chassis, where can they be bought?
I cannot find them by searching, and well, they look handy.
I suspect that a lot of those old oil-filled caps had some variant of PCB, which is definitely not something you want to mess with.
I’ve been waiting for this .
The problem with these toxic components is that it's almost impossible to dispose of them. Here in the UK, I came across an open tin of Toluene which had been abandoned in a public park, and (doing my civic duty) took it home to prevent children or animals from coming into contact with it. End result: three years down the line, and it's sealed in a larger tin, that will now (apparently) live forever in my garden shed. No recycling or hazardous waste centre, is willing to take it off my hands, and even the government's environmental agency has stated that it's 100% my problem.
Very informative. Presumably, you could have also fitted two electrolytics (say 10uF, 350V) in series (with balancing resistors)? I agree that the two poloymers are better and will outlast any electrolytic, I was thinking of what general technicians may have available to use (sacrilege for such a transceiver, I know)
Tanks Paul! It would be great to have a substitution guide on thermistors... I'm puzzling over a 35 year-old solid state circuit with some that seem to have no modern equivalent - I don't know what the characteristics are, and can't find anything on the web. Have thermistors been replaced by more modern circuit designs?
Very informative! Thanks. Just a remark: When replacing blocking or bypassung caps for HF application, the internal inductivity of the caps should be considered, bacause they are wound. Higher capacity means in general also higher inductivity and therefore problems at HF. I don´t know whether mica caps are better/worse in this respect than foil caps.
I had a huge tray of micas I had gotten once. It got lost when I moved. I think I put them in a dresser that I left in a storage unit. Had micas in there all the way up to 12,000pF. So expensive to buy again today :( Hopefully whoever got the storage unit knew what they had. The other tray in there was all gold lead zener diodes. Makes me sick every time I think about it.
So here's the deal as I have read it. Composition resistors are trimmed by reducing the size of the path in a non-inductive pattern. Films are non-inductive when they are made but are laser trimmed to value in a helical pattern underneath the protective coating. Hence, inductive.
Also when wrapping a wire around a post to solder it in an RF circuit you have to make sure the wire or component lead quickly leaves the vicinity of the post so it doesn't contact the post again as it continues its wrap. You will get sporadic shifts in operating frequency. Ask me how I know.😜
Great explanation. Could you do a video on selecting replacement Transistors and replacing transistors that are no longer available. I currently am working on a Pioneer SX-939 and found I need to replace almost all of the transistors and several are no longer made. I called Digi-Key and they suggested a replacement but I am concerned that what they sent me does not have a metal heat sink as the original does. Being plastic and not knowing if those are the right transistors I am at a loss. I have no clue how to select a proper replacement and have to trust others to make that decision.
strange all are bad, or are they germanium types, they do go bad far more than silicon ones?
I love it good
its just me or not, you look skinnier Paul, i hope you okay, love your teaching
Mr.Carlson noticing the voltage spike bring to mind a debate among audiophiles regarding this issue: Should you leave your hifi stereo system on(amp and preamp) all the time or turn it off on a daily bases after you are done listening. What recommendation or insight you can given would be appreciated.
I have a question that need your knowledge on. I own a vintage tube amplifier made in 50's lots of the carbon resistors have drifted to high so replaced them with wire wound and metal film. Now it improved the channels they have even power, before 1 side was weaker. The thing i need to know is by swapping them did i lose that warm sound?
Sometimes you have to be careful with "bypass" capacitors, especially in IF amplifiers running at a few MHz. The screen grid "bypass" are sometimes part of a neutralization scheme, and therefore need to have a kinda exact value. They often look inconspicious, having 4.7 or 5nF, but thats because they just designed the neutralization to use this common value.
yep, one cap screen to ground, another cap from decoupled anode supply to the screen, not ground as normal, seen it many times in am/fm sets in the uk ... but even so, it would have been designed to accept a reasonable tolerance, 4.7nf in place of a 5nf likely perfectly ok, 3.9nf in place of a 4nf, 3.3 in place of 3, etc.
@@andygozzo72 This is correct and well inside usual tolerances of the time. Just don't think "it's only a bypass, and 100nF does bypass even better than 5nF".
@@VintageTechFan in most cases, where not used as neutralising, and not used for any timing, it wont cause any issues increasing it a bit
@@andygozzo72 Yes. I just wanted to point out that you have to be careful, because in some cases, it DOES matter.
Also higher capacitances usually also have a lower SRF, so you have to watch out for that, too.
So I could get away with swapping the bathtubs caps with ceramic discs instead of the more expensive Polys ? What are the downsides of that ? Thanks for the great content, it is so rare to find good info on tube electronics today !
oops, I may have to redo some my resistor swaps in a number of my radio projects. Thanks for the explanation.
if it works, leave it alone!
Isn't the life of the radio receiver at least as long as the life of Mr Carlson?