Extracting Hexanes from Gasoline/Petrol
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 เม.ย. 2018
- Despite the high petrol prices currently, it remains the most accessible and cheap source of hydrocarbons one can find. But how to make it useful? We do a distillation, chemically clean it up to remove unwanted products, then distil again to extract out some alkanes, a useful inert solvent that for some reason I store in a jar.
Music: Aphex Twin AFX - 34 ibiza spliff - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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"... I've clamped it ... well" (whole setup held in place by a big rock)
I'm absolutely dying here, because the video kicked off with a minute long ad for Dupont Nomex flame-resistant suits...
I wish my advertisements were this relevant.
I get ads for new cars and other shit I won't buy
A DuPont fire suit on the other hand? It wouldn't take much convincing
at 2:45 when he pointed out the butane fumes my instinctive reaction was to think “ooh put a lighter up to it” and that’s why I wouldn’t have made a good chemist.
That’s exactly why you would make a good one
Thought the exact same thing lol
A good chemist has that thought a great chemist has the restraint not to act on it
I mean, why waste it?
What makes me a good demoman?
"I can't even pronounce canaboids correctly" good cover my dude. I think they bought it
I don't know, it sounded a bit forced, like he was trying too hard.
"Chilly 33 degree day" as an American: "oh thats cold" *remembers metric syatem* "oh Australian sarcasm"
lol 33 deg. C in Canada is like the hottest day in hell for some of us. Last summer, it got up to 45 and people were losing their shit. That's damn near arid-desert temperatures for a country like Canuckistan.
@@MFKR696 awsome ave refrances
91.4 degrees F [STARES IN TEXAN]
But we all know that's actually chilly for our upside-down friends.
@@turbowolf302 91 deg. F is a mild day in any country, not just Oz. It amounts to roughly 32 deg. C, which is quite comfortable weather no matter how you shake it (20 deg. C is considered "room temperature".) Once it starts getting over 40 deg. C, that's when it starts getting hot. These are Canadian standards btw. I have to imagine an Aussie would read that and just say "Bitch, please... That's Winter weather", to which Canadians would just reply "Hold my beer..." lol If you live in Texas and think 91 deg. F is hot, you really must not get out much lol. Either that or you're a wuss lol.
How about some good ole tennessee weather. 91f with 70% humidity sucks no matter who you are.
“Cannaboids”
“THC shit from weed”
“You can tell how much drugs I do”
H M M M M
"You can tell how much I do drugs because I can't pronounce them"
That puts you in one of two extremes
This is fantastic to watch after trying some of those "cannaboids" you weren't pronouncing right in this video
Inject the canaboids
Better eat them. The paranoia lasts longer.
@@bakavasa edibles haven't done anything to me except once, I got tired and passed out with like 7 cats laying on me.
They're definitely helpful to help me stop thinking about engineering school and finances and rewiring my amplifier and adjustments I should make to the deluxe version of the guitar pedal I'm selling and the general existential dread while I'm trying to focus on chemistry for 15 minutes
The cbd will melt your face off
*casually references drug manufacture*
*immediately deflects*
10/10. Let's light it on fire.
In this episode of extractions and ire, Tdep invents the new word "Canaboids" as well as the return of the well known "Soxehelet" from previous videos. What an episode! So many atrocities to the english language!
All jokes aside, awesome video. I was thinking of doing a similar project at some point. Loved the final shot.
I did a similar project already- left my car in a garage with most of the tank full of 98 and pretty sure after the winter I "distilled off" all those 40c fractions away ;)
Onyx V.O. 'atrocities to the English language' I'm putting that on my resume hahaha
To me the "atrocities" are easily overseen, but then again we yanks don't really speak english, we trash it.
Where’s the polyethylene terephthalate storage bottles?
@@MCMLXIable Have you heard a Scottish or Welsh person speak English!
Even English people murder English! ;)
For anyone in the US I would distill starting fluid. Prestone 10 oz cans at walmart cost $3 per bottle, and are about half n-heptane and half diethyl ether after you get rid of the small amount of methanol (wash with water after distilling). Super cheap and easy and you get a bunch of ether too!
I might just have to try this!
Thanks for sharing flimsy Bop!
Can confirm that hexane is used for soybean oil extraction. It is flammable enough that one is not allowed to use steel tools inside the fence, let alone the building. I have had the privilege to have to do some welding inside one of these buildings to facilitate changing a 28,000-pound gearbox with eight 55 gallon drums of oil. The entire building had to be steam purged.
Oooff. That sounds sketchy. How did they do the steam purge? Sounds like a lot of volume would be needed to clear a building. Was the steam used as a thermal gradient to move the air?
If these hippies only knew how hard you work to help them with these soy burgers.
@@travismiller5548 perhaps you should try a little maturing before insulting an entire group of people. Besides, you would probably be surprised how much stuff you consume has soy bean material in it.
@@TheExplosiveGuy honestly, not 100% sure of the physics behind how it works. I would venture to guess that it has to do with a combination of the heat, hexane is likely water soluble, etc. But they do it at least every quarter for shit downs. This was just an emergency breakdown.
@@Iowahurler82 I sincerely doubt an entire group of people was insulted by a joke. I'm a vegetarian, relax. the physics really aren't difficult- the hexane flashes off and evaporates at about 160. the steam dispensed at 215 helps that. I think the industry is awesome. As an architect I've helped designed building and equipment installations for ADM soybean processing plants.
Fun Related Fact: Acetone boils at 56.05°C,
n-hexane at 68.73°C. However, a mixture of 54.4% acetone and 45.6% hexane
boils at 49.8°C. That’ s 6° lower that the acetone alone and
nearly 20° lower than the hexane.
Fun with azeotropes!
@@5thearth Well, to be honest... fun with Cannabis Extraction :) :)
C a n a b o i d s
cana🅱oids
Canaboyds
C a n a b o i s
Canbods
@@blackferrets820 mr.fbi me need some sensi menia
Also Hexane is neurotoxic which is why it is gradually replaced by heptane as much as possible. Stay safe!
Pro tip: dip a Pasteur pipette (or any very thin glass tube, like a capillary tube for example) into a permanganate reaction and you’ll easily be able to detect a purple color or not. You don’t even need to drop it into water.
turning that flask while the liquid stays in place looks surprisingly mesmerising
I'm not a chemist by any means but I love watching this stuff and you're really great at explaining it simply. thanks!
We have a type of pine here in Northern California that produces large amounts of heptane. It was once used as part of engine knock testing.
you got me at food-grade benzene :D
The forbidden fruit
In the hardware store they sell something called white liqour special, in the sds they say its 100% c6 to c7 without aromatic compounds
I cant find that here in the US quickly googling but we have Varnish Makers Naptha and Mineral Spirits that appear to be close in range (both light napthas) to avoid the first distillation.
Also I found "bestine rubber cement thinner" which from the sds shouls be basically just heptane but it is about $15 for about 500ml.
Those clear hydrocarbons are alluring... So pure and majestic.
I’ve just found your channels and I think you’ve cured my depression. I will continue running thorough tests though
You can get potassium permanganate on amazon under the "pot perm" brand. You can get it in just silly huge amounts for about $10/lb?
Also, this might be stupid, but couldn't you just chlorinate all the alkenes? even a single chlorination tends to raise their boiling point way over 100C.
There's a risk of chlorinating the alkanes too. I know that it takes harsher reaction conditions but I mean, it's not like radical chlorinations of alkanes are an everyday reaction in OChem lab, so noone has a sufficient level of expertise to tell us how much does chlorine discriminate. Plus handling chlorine is nasty and permanganate gets rid of the toluene and alkyl aromatics, and even with alcohols and alkenes it does so in a much more thorough way. If I have learned anything from my fucking useless lessons of industrial chemistry is that distillation universally sucks dick as a separation technique, even when separating compounds with a 100°C difference in boiling points. Chemically extracting carboxylates from hexanes with water is so much better, the separation is pretty much 100%.
@@pietrotettamanti7239 I can agree with that. Whenever you read a paper or patent or have a class that says *for sure* you will definitely get X, Y and Z out of a reaction, especially with chlorine you're actually on your own and you're going to get a good amount of "who knows what this is but I bet its toxic" out of the reaction.
I've done the same chlorination the same way 3 times with 3 different results: black tar that seemed immune to any level of heat I wanted to give it, orange foam that filled the whole distillation apparatus and solidified, and a white solid that gave off a green-yellow gas (probably chlorine dioxide) that exploded every 20 minutes or so. None of these things were what was supposed o happen, which was white sludge distilling a clear condensate.
@@htomerif Your comment is simply comedy gold!
All labs (industrial) I’ve work at use methylene chloride for extractions (cheap, aggressive solvent) and hexane when methylene chloride isn’t appropriate
Loved the slow shots of the mix bar and the droplet in the solvent
If you didn't mind losing the hexane, you could have added ethanol to form the ethanol-benzene azeotrope which boils at about the same temp as hexane, so you'd remove all of that but leave the heptane which boils at 98
It was so cool to see the KMnO4 oxidation just as I am learning about this in orgo chem!
Canabananabanoids?
I don't make drugs
@@sockmon1 what about bananas?
What about cabana? cocacabana?
@@sockmon1 i do, and i also sell them, want some?
disclaimer: this is a joke, i'm not a drug dealer
@@greengreen110 for legal reasons this is a joke
GREAT VIDEO........You really surprised me using the permanganate to get rid of/oxidize stuff in there. I would have never thought of that.........Another way to get mixed hexanes is from electronics cleaner. Usually the only other thing in it is EtOH which is easily extracted out with water and a sep funnel AND the propellant which is a gas. So it is super easy to extract and purify. Well purify to mixed hexanes
I used potassium permanganate to oxidise benzaldehyde to benzoic acid. I used an alkaline solution adding a small amount sodium hydroxide to tame the reaction. I enjoy your videos, keep up the good work.
your video's are extremely helpful in learning chemistry , making it fun and casual .. legend..
I was born and raised in Decatur, Illinois. Corn and soybean oil are extracted using a mixture of hexanes, and at least when I was a boy (1961 to arguably 1980), most of the time the process ensured that at any given time there was enough hexane vapor to flatten the town (70,000 to 90,000 inhabitants depending on the year) should it be ignited. Maybe that’s still true. Once there was a real risk of a tank car explosion in the nearby railyard that might well have triggered that…
Did you shapeshift into a girl in 1981?
I know what you mean because down here we got grain silos and they used to load and unload the cars and those things can flatten entire towns too but they're always smack dab in the middle of the town for some strange reason. They've flattened a few! One super impressive explosion involved 800 tons of a lab chemical and it was an amazing explosion.
I really enjoyed this. Trying my hand at distilling gasoline is something I have wanted to do. I just don’t have the glassware to do it safely though. Good vid!
Audio quality is excellent!
Got to love the lab grade Dolmio jars
Really enjoyed this one. Going to search/wait for the ascaridole extraction.
Great channel my dude, love your content and will be sharing. You're a national treasure bby keep it up!
Yea he definitely is. Australia day is coming up, he should be short listed for Australian of the year!.
I absolulove chem, often its depressing that I'll never be able to do my own reactions tho, becuase unfortunatly in Australia, simply owning the most basic glassware or solvents or reagents is frowned upon, and will lead to police coming to your house and accusing you of being up to no good :(
The global culture of fear and danger around the study of matter is bewildering.
So videos like these will be as close as I ever get to oxidation of hydrocarbons myself.
The phrase you were looking for when you said enolise was probably “ketone-enol tautomerization”
Great video 👍🏼
thx for trying out my suggestion! lov u~
TM Fan thanks for suggesting it fammmm
Fabulous distilation slo-mo!!!!
Very delicious food grade petrol distillate
Hey! The filmmaking in this is amazing!
I tried to get wiser om how hexane is used to extract vegetable oil from different oil seeds. In the process i learned that BMW's 70's iconic 1400+ hp formula 1 racer acheived such high horsepower from using more or less a tolouene enriched fuel. And now im here, still entertained, and learning at the same time 😀
Can't wait for the plant extraction.
I already had planned to do an oxidation with permanganate next weeked. :D You've got some nice petroleum ether in the end. Nice video!
thanks man! Such a versatile chemical, and its nice when you don't have to worry about over oxidising anything!
30-60 pet ether is invaluable in any synthetic lab. It's just a pain that the commercial stuff is normally full of grease unless you want to distill it.
"I can't think of a good way to remove the benzene."
Hydrogen and Raney nickel?
EXCELENT DEAR GENIUS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Nice work :)
I do hexane extraction on my weed. You don't keep all the aromatics but its very cheap compared to butane. You can recapture your solvent with a simple distill.
Nice vid mate
Educational 'amateur' chemistry channels are taken down, yet channels who do videos on stupid, pointless and/or downright dangerous 'experiments' like boiling down milk and cola, cutting through everyday objects with red hot knives, or pouring molten salt or molten aluminum onto butter/engine oil/sunflower oil/sugary candies 'to see what will happen' are still going strong!
Good yellow chemistry!? What madness is this?
My god you store stuff in Dolmio jars as well?! I thought I was the only one LMAO
11:28
Just FYI, even a gentle distillation off that sodium hydroxide may etch your glassware
Also, would larger alkaloids like Mitragynine be better extracted by hexane, or just ethanols, acetones, supercritical CO2 and chlorinated methanes?
Butane for THC extraction, and if you're vaping it, CO2.
In the industry, Heptane for most other things, but it's not very good for some things, in which case use hexane. There are of course a great many exceptions.
common solvent for thc extraction is actually butane, industrially as well. adding propane gets better yields tho. also co2 and o2 extractions are common industrially. (cannabinoids are legal in canada, recently added delta-8-thc to the menu as well [delta-9-thc is the common one])
even terpenes are being added to some of the products.
this is something i once considered doing but i cant stand the smell of fuel as it is let alone distilling it. The price of fuel now is at $1.56/l (where i am) plus considering the effort and energy used to separate the fractions, it would probably be cheaper still to just buy hexane-if you can find it that is.i think that S.A has some of the highest fuel prices in the country right now. its a shame about Kenicals too. They had a great selection of chems at reasonable prices. i wonder what ever happened to them. their eBay store was convenient.
AllChemystery I do wonder what happened to Kenicals. They changed their name to AusChems or something similar, then just disappeared. Wonder what happened to all the permanganate they would've had in stock
Fuel prices are too high. But still, you're looking at alkane fractions for less than $15/L which is probably cheaper as you could buy it from any Chem supplier, but that's without considering the cost of the effort you have to put in for the purification.
I like the smell of petrol haha, it's a worry. Downward spiral for sure
Extractions&Ire auschems are a great source of chemicals. I use them often. They sell a wide range including Na/KClO3/4. 35$Kg is ok.
i'm getting the names confused then. Or maybe they just rebranded? Probably I'm just getting confused
EXCELLENT VIDEO.....How does he think this stuff up
You can pronounce every other chemical name other that CANNABINOIDS 😳😂
In my chemistry I'm not so interested in the explosive stuff... don't get me wrong, it's still cool, it's just not so much "my thing".... but what I really do like in my science videos is plenty of "foul language" and I just can't get that out of the Yanks or even most of the Canadians....... so, keep up The Great Work.
How many fractions could you get from this if you raised the temperature very slowly? It would be cool to put all the fractions in individual bottles and characterize them by overall volumes, boiling points, etc you could even rank them by how they smell? I have about 100ml of light sweet crude oil and I’ve always been fascinated at how they can make something as complicated as gasoline AND make it cheaper than milk. I’d do this myself but my neighbors would call the cops if they saw me playing scientist...
did you save the broken stir bars and break them apart to see if the magnets are Nd type?
I can't quite decide whether using Dolmio jars to store solvents counts as product placement or not.
Did you ever analyse the purity of the solvents you collected? A GC FID with a 1701/624 column would work perfectly
A South Australian who can't pronounce cannabis... *sure*...
He was referring to cannabinoids which is actually... decently hard to pronounce
*shhhhhh...* **don't** tell him about Canada
You don't have to know how to pronounce them to use them
The track is from Aphex Twin right? Anyone know the title of the song? Can’t find anything for it but I think I like it!
hexane also can be used in extracting coke and dmt alkioids which in extracting canabinoids you can just use dry ice or freezer cooled ethanol. id highly recommend you don't use hexane for cannabis products what so ever.
Can the system be completely closed/sealed? You show the butane gas escaping from a side arm of the equipment and I know heptane evaporates very quickly so how do you avoid loss of collection? Thanks.
I came here for the Permanganate shortage lore, was not disappointed
Never knew the effort to get food grade solvent, I understand the pricing now. Do we think jerry rigger is using top dollar stuff or is he turning the biggest profit. Now that I see the harm in not being able to grow your own and do your own processing I see a very real problem.
Fun fact... Dawn dish detergent works to remove any MnO2 stains or scales. Just put in a vigorous amount, fill the rest of your container with water and let it sit until it flakes off. After that thete is a minimal amount of work to clean the rest out
Rielly Castle thanks for the tip!!
Another good step is to wash the distillate with concentrated sulfuric. There's all sorts of nitrogen and sulfur garbage in there you really want to get rid of, and sulfuric is the best way to do it.
to separate the benzene etc... could you sulfonate with strong sulfuric acid to raise the boiling point or form a salt?
That should be a good idea as far as I can tell. The alkanes shouldn't react at all with H2SO4, the only problem I see is that sulfonations are not super duper keen on going to completion, specially with normal sulfuric acid. But it would definitely help. I'd recommend sodium hydroxide extraction, as sulfonic acids tend to decompose when heated.
Industrially they use selective solvent extraction to separate the aromatics from the light and heavy petrol fractions, but I don't think that's doable here.
Is it possible to bubble Ozone gas into the mixture to get rid of the alkenes?
I like these Kanaboids
my first chemistry experience was a personal extraction of dmt lmao this shit looks fun
I was really excited for a new video, but then I realised this video wad three years old. Then I got excited again cuz it was a video I hadn't seen before (somehow)
Get/find some Jefferson Pine sap.
If it is fresh, it can be 80-90% Heptane by weight.
Yup, gasoline from a pine tree!
They grow in northern California, so supply is tight just now.
Unique in that there are no other hydrocarbons in the sap, just Heptane.
It is that purity that makes this the 'standard fuel' for determining 'octane' ratings.
They look identical to Ponderosa Pine, except for a slight difference in the shape of the pine-cones.
Turpentine distillers figured out the differences when their stills started exploding...
Yes, I am paraphrasing from Wikipedia, yes, I have seen Jefferson Pines (Seattle Center grounds has a small collection of them) and collected some sap.
Didn't distill any, but the stuff burns like crazy!
How do you stand wearing those gloves all the time? I have some, but they are so restrictive. Your skin can't breath. It's getting sweaty. They just don't come off again... Do you use talcum powder beforehand?
̷ ̴ ̸ɢ̸ʟ̶ɪ̸ᴛ̶ᴄ̶ʜ̷ ̶ ̶ I just churn through them. I made a safety decision that I should just not think about the cost of gloves ever. If they're on long enough to be uncomfortable and sweaty, they've been on too long and I should swap them out.
Heptane/Hexane can also be used as the non polar solvent when extracting DMT, but most people, myself included, use naphtha as it's way easier to get
don't lie
Why didn't you do the permanganate oxidation before you distilled the petrol?
Can-a-bin-oids.
And in some jurisdictions they're legal to extract.
Dancing Rain not here in Aus, and I feel it never will be. Even if the plant gets legalised you won't be allowed to extract or concentrate it yourself, it'll be a tax thing like alcohol. You can buy it but distilling it or any action of concentrating it other than fermentation is completely illegal at home, because they gotta tax it and shit
Here in the U.K it's illegal also... But the U.K has the biggest distribution centre of medical grade in Europe/World!
Move to Canada.
Magic word of the day, "tripod."
Fun fact: if you run this distillation to about 100 degrees, you have the hydrocarbon composition of camping gas, also known as naphtha or white gas.
Nice!
I wonder if there are any practical alternatives to permanganate for that though. I heard it was now getting listed as a drug precursor in various places...
ozone?
Ozonolysis would definitely break down alkenes.
But I'm not sure about the "practical" side of things. Getting an ozone generator capable of dealing with such an amount of reagent in a reasonable amount of time certainly wouldn't be easy.
Not to mention, getting rid of remaining ozone in the exhaust stream so that you don't melt everyone's lungs...
piranha031091 well he only needed 2g of potassium permanganate, wouldn't take that much ozone.
how to deal with the exhaust is definitely a problem but he is boiling petrol anyway lol
piranha031091 ozone I think is actually a really good answer. You could buy a cheap ozone generator, and you're then set for a long while. Sure, it'll take a little longer and you might lose some of the lower boiling stuff even through a condenser, but it is a long term cheap option that's widely avaliable
Hexavalent chromium is very rude and mean and carcinogenic, but if you're capable of handling chromic acid safely I think it's about as good of an oxidizing agent as permangnate.
`You are funciona asome
Watching this 5 years later… Maybe they are extracting THC with heptane in AUS, but in America, they were using propane or ethanol :)
Why does half of his equipment look like bongs from Encore glass?
I want to know how flammable all the parts are
I cringed at the beginning looking you holding the flask with one hand...hahaha thought you were gonna drop it
is there any diffenence between C pentane and L pentane?
Have noticed octane being used as a solvent in many products, in lieu of heptane or hexane
jwh-018/073 are the synthetic canabanoids made with hexanes
Would packing the column help the efficiency?
Anthony Marks Efficiency in terms of separating? Yes, if there's actually a gap between two boiling points. But a lot of this stuff, like the benzene, boils within the boiling point ranges of the stuff we actually want, so it won't help here
Did you make the background music Tom?
ITS APHEX TWIN
“How much drugs I do”. Judging by that sentence, quite a bit and yet not enough.
Hexanes are used to extract various alkaloids out of plants because it is a non-polar solvent it is commonly used in the extraction of LSD,DMT, mescaline and some other psychedelic alkaloid, cannabinoids are not nowadays dissolved in hexanes to make hash rosins because of the toxicity and taste nowadays cannabinoids are extracted with ether mechanical action (eg shake and bubble hash), heat and pressure (this usually results in ether rosin or shatter depending on the temp this is similar to toffee and fudge this is fairly universal with the rest of the hashed apart from shake which is a powder) and finally dissolving THC (and other cannabinoids which I don't want to get into) in ether butane (this makes BHOs butane hash oil), alcohol or CO2 (BHO is the black sheep of the hash world cause some people say that it tastes bad but that is usually cause people who manufacture this narcotic get lazy and don't purge the butane out of the oil).