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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.ย. 2024
- 後土，中國上古神話中的中央之神。道教神話中的“四禦”/“六禦”尊神之一。
早期在《左傳》《禮記》《淮南子》中，大致稱後土為共工氏之子，為中央之神，性別尚未明確。 在東漢時期，王逸注解《楚辭》時又稱後土為幽都之王。在漢代以後逐漸確立為女神，《宋史•禮志七》中記載，北宋政和六年宋徽宗封後土為“承天效法厚德光大後土皇地祇”，享受同玉皇大帝一樣的儀禮規格。南宋呂元素《道門定制》卷2注：“後土即朝廷祀皇地祗於方止是也。王者所尊。合上帝為天父地母焉。”宋代以後，道教列為“四禦”尊神之一，宣稱後土神執掌陰陽生育、萬物之美與大地山河之秀。至此，後土的女神身份確立了下來，民間又稱之為“後土娘娘”。道教將其尊為“四禦/六禦”中的天帝之一，她掌陰陽，育萬物，因此被稱為大地之母。其職責是掌管山嶽土地變化及諸山神、地祇和三山五嶽大帝等大神，並節制劫運之事。
Houtu, the central god in ancient Chinese mythology. One of the "Four Royals"/"Six Royals" gods in Taoist mythology.
In the early days, in "Zuo Zhuan", "Book of Rites" and "Huainanzi", Houtu was roughly called the son of the Gonggong family and the god of the central government, and his gender was not clear. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Wang Yi annotated "The Songs of Chu", he also called Houtu the king of Youdu. After the Han Dynasty, it was gradually established as a goddess. It is recorded in "Song History·Li Zhi Qi" that in the sixth year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty named Houtu as "the land of the emperor who inherits the sky and emulates the virtues and makes great achievements", and enjoys the same etiquette and specifications as the Jade Emperor. . Note on volume 2 of Lu Yuanyuan's "Taomen Customization" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The Houtu is the place where the imperial court worships the emperor. One of the honored gods, it is claimed that the God of Houtu is in charge of the fertility of yin and yang, the beauty of all things and the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the earth. So far, the status of the goddess of Houtu has been established, and the folks call it "the empress of Houtu". Taoism respects her as one of the heavenly emperors among the "Four Royals/Six Royals". She controls yin and yang and nurtures all things, so she is called the mother of the earth. Its duty is to be in charge of the changes of the mountains and land, the gods of the mountains, the gods of the land, and the emperor of the three mountains and five mountains, and to control the catastrophe.
