Hey man! I’m not in your class I’m just studying plants for a speculative biology art project. Thank you for such a concise and informative walkthrough! I’m contemplating an alien plant which is evolved from a motile phototroph, which becomes a radial plant once terrestrial. Instead of completely converging on a woody interior, the plants partially have something akin to bones and lungs. They’re a venerated lifeform~ but only dominate the largest of plant life. I’d love to learn more amount small plant life now, but this was great for my tre’search-
my answers for the last questions 1) both are multicellular, same chlorophylls, can store energy like starch, have cellulose in cell walls, reproduce with sperm and eggs 2) four adaptations are retaining moisture such as having stomata. Need a vascular system for transporting resources. Need to support their own weight to grow upright by having lignin. Reproduction on land by pollination. 3) Transporting resources by having vascular systems help plants to transport nutrients in great heights. 4) grow near water edge, having stomata, and have cuticles to prevent water loss 5) purpose of lignin is to harden the cell walls to give the plants strength to grow upright. 6) diploid 7) haploid 8) Gametophyte stage produces male and female gametes. 9) Sporophyte stage produces male and female sporophyte which each will produce male and female spores by meiosis.
Thank you so much! I moved to a big city where there is little vegitation and where I can't have pets in my apartment. I've always liked plants so over time I have collected a bunch in my apartment and I consider them sort of like my green grateful buddies. I have a Coredyline, scheffler, cactus, flowering jasmine in my bathroom which gives it a nice smell, spider plant, dunno the name of this one but it has purple soft furry leaves, a few air plants I brought from Florida, and a few others. Anyways I guess constantly caring for and watching my green friends grow and change has made me utterly fascinated with them. I finally understand my Moms obsession with plants! I go through phases as to what I'm interested in and now it's plants! Plant evolution is especially interesting and videos like these make me feel as if I were back in an interesting college lecture hall minus the stress! The best thing about having plants in my apartment is that they help me feel less alone in a big city! I must sound like I'm totally nuts sorry. I almost feel that plants, and all living things, are conscious. I believe for example that maybe, just maybe, and insects consciousness feels electric, almost 1D, and that it remains constant. Whereas a humans consciousness fluctuates in different colors and forms and has the potential to be infinitely3D. I often wonder how my plants feel existence, as messed up as that sounds, but I can never put myself in their shoes because they are so mysterious. Anyways my ideas about consciousness are just that, ideas, and by extension so is everyone else's ideas about consciousness including the theory of mind philosophers!! Btw what do you think of plant intelligence? I have heard that plants may have a rudimentary nervous system and that they possess traces of memory.
Natalia P Hey there! I love your enthusiasm. Reading your comment was a lot of fun. I have to agree that plants are great company. They’re incredibly relaxing to be around and to look at. Cities need more plants!
Dear Mr. Cobey, Thank you for all your efforts, time, and videos. I have an uneducated opinion, you would be kind to consider regarding this video. Plant evolution mainly revolves around "i. transition into multicellularity, ii. vegetative (asexual) growth, iii. rise of sporophyte/gametophyte, and then iv. the subtle transitions of sporophyte prevailing the gametophyte". The speech trajectory here may be incoherent, as well as a number of universal plant models are certainly missing; 1- Liverworts (e.g. Riccia) 2- Hornworts (e.g. Anthoceros) 3- Moss 4- Pteridophytes The benchmark extinct model for transition of pteridophytes into gymnosperms: 5- Pteridosperms (e.g. extant Osmunda regalis?, flowering ferns!): they may have produced the first 2n zygotes in history! They were ferns with, perhaps, epigenetic mutation forcing them to exhibit [apospory]. That is, on their 2n sporophyte, they re-transcribed and grew 2n archegonium and 2n antheridium sexual organs (their sporophyte, nevertheless, produced n spores too as a routine). Their abnormal 2n sexual organs produced 2n gametes! Now, as was the case of gametic fusion on their n gametophyte, these 2n gametes too, fused to give 4n zygote; 4n zygote then gave Mitosis (turning into a 4n tumor-like sporophyte!, as again was the case of tiny 2n sporophyte on their n gametophyte after fusion of both n gametes!). And further, the grown 4n sporophyte went through Meiosis (as if the plant tried to produce spores!), but this time to give 2n seeds! Here rises the question: Why pteridosperms went through "zygotic meiosis", but gymnosperms today go through "gametic meiosis"? Perhaps, since re-transcription of the same gametophytic genes obliged the plant to repeat "zygotic meiosis", molecular evolution needed few million years to shift into "gametic meiosis". Nonetheless, I cannot understand the reason behind this selective pressure for gymnosperms. 6- Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are indeed ferns, which i. do not depend on n gametophyte anymore, since gymnosperms are descendants of those 2n seeds from pteridosperms. ii. do not produce spores anymore on their 2n sporophyte (selective pressure?). iii. indeed grow a tumor-like 2n gametophye on their 2n sporophyte (with a slight difference that this 2n gametophyte goes through gametic meiosis, producing n gametes, and not 2n gametes!) 7- Angiosperms:... 8- Next step: should we expect that the extant genus "Osmunda" may one day drop 2n seeds to grow into 2n gametophyte, fuse 2n archegonium and 2n antheridium to grow into huge 4n sporophyte, to give meiosis and produce a new generation of abnormal 2n seeds?! huge huge 4n plants...(?) Sincerely, Soroosh
Great video!!!!!! Do you have a video about Gnetophytes? Gnetophytes are really cool, how they are very close to angiosperms, but not quite........ also not that much info about them out there.......
yup i had to translate most of it into german because its for my german bio class. i wanted to also ask if the first if the first plants came from green algae or blue-green algae and if theres any major difference. and are there any similarities between the first plants and algae as proof?
test your understating of this video 1. The Charophytes we have today are similar to what group of plants that are thought to be their ancestors? _________________________________ 2. When comparing Charophytes with today’s primitive plants, name three characteristics that are similar. ________________________________________; ________________________________, _______________________________. 3. Angiosperms and Gymnosperms both produce __________________. These structures are on _____________________ in Gymnosperms and in ____________________ in the Angiosperms. 4. Loss of water from leaf surfaces (one of the challenges for land plants) is called ________________________. 5. Small openings in the leaf surface are called stomata and are used for _________________________________. 6. The waxy covering on the leaf surface is called the _______________________. 7. The vascular system in plants is used to ________________________________________. 8. In the diagram of a tree trunk, the xylem is used to ___________________________________ while the phloem is used to _______________________________________________. 9. Moss and other bryophytes do not have ________________________ like other plant groups. 10. What material hardens plant cell wall and gives strength to wood? ______________________ 11. Land plants do not need water for the sperm to fertilize the egg. What do land plants do accomplish this? ________________________________________ 12. Seeds consist of a hard seed coat and a(n) __________________________ inside the seed. 13. In the alternation of generations diagram, the 2N zygote marks the beginning of which of the two major parts? _______________________________ 14. Certain bacteria growing on the roots of legume plants exhibit a symbiosis called _______________________. 15. The bacteria (above) provide what for the legume plants? ___________________________ 16. In the flowering plant life cycle, what does the plant provide for its pollinator? __________________________ 17. Name one defense adaptation that plants have to avoid herbivores. _____________________________
where did the seeds come from? I mean how did the seeds comes up? because I will be having a report in our biology subject. and I have to tackle about the PLANT EVOLUTION.
+Cema amec The teacher in me cannot straight up answer that question. The act of doing the research and sorting through the non-essential data is incredibly valuable to learn. Best wishes on your progress.
+Beverly Biology Ah. okay thank you so much. .😉😉😉 I will study and I try to understand your video. then this will be the one I will report. and hahha wish me luck. Sir.😉
@@BeverlyBiology This! Is what bad teachers do. They don't give you a source, they don't explain it, they just send you off to find some sources that may not even be credible. Why not at least push him in the right direction? Give him a link to read, this is why high school students, who clearly don't care enough to look it up, ask questions. Then some teacher has the balls to say, look it up... No sir, they don't care that much, if they did they would have gone and done that after class, instead just answer the damn question so we can all learn. Just like your high school kids, I lost interest after that sad answer. Oh and I am a Masters student, so that is saying something. If I asked an advanced calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, or basic probability theory professor a question and got this answer I would lose my mind.
I think it would be better looking at the xylems and phloems going like: Xylem: (H2O; minerals) roots --> leaves Phloem: (sugars) leaves --> roots For example ivy plant has aerial roots (with xylems) emerging all over the stem and they hydrate the plant in all directions.
Plants and animals began to evolve separately a long time ago (see Bikonta vs. Unikonta), and are now too far genetically from each other to evolve into one another. It would be possible to reverse what evolution has done if we knew the order in which mutations appeared (like snakes which lost legs or green plants which lost phycobilisomes), but it most probably will not happen spontaneously.
Hey man! I’m not in your class I’m just studying plants for a speculative biology art project. Thank you for such a concise and informative walkthrough! I’m contemplating an alien plant which is evolved from a motile phototroph, which becomes a radial plant once terrestrial. Instead of completely converging on a woody interior, the plants partially have something akin to bones and lungs. They’re a venerated lifeform~ but only dominate the largest of plant life. I’d love to learn more amount small plant life now, but this was great for my tre’search-
eeeeeeeee eeeeeeee e 3e
my answers for the last questions
1) both are multicellular, same chlorophylls, can store energy like starch, have cellulose in cell walls, reproduce with sperm and eggs
2) four adaptations are retaining moisture such as having stomata. Need a vascular system for transporting resources. Need to support their own weight to grow upright by having lignin. Reproduction on land by pollination.
3) Transporting resources by having vascular systems help plants to transport nutrients in great heights.
4) grow near water edge, having stomata, and have cuticles to prevent water loss
5) purpose of lignin is to harden the cell walls to give the plants strength to grow upright.
6) diploid
7) haploid
8) Gametophyte stage produces male and female gametes.
9) Sporophyte stage produces male and female sporophyte which each will produce male and female spores by meiosis.
bro tysm lmao
Thank you so much! I moved to a big city where there is little vegitation and where I can't have pets in my apartment. I've always liked plants so over time I have collected a bunch in my apartment and I consider them sort of like my green grateful buddies. I have a Coredyline, scheffler, cactus, flowering jasmine in my bathroom which gives it a nice smell, spider plant, dunno the name of this one but it has purple soft furry leaves, a few air plants I brought from Florida, and a few others. Anyways I guess constantly caring for and watching my green friends grow and change has made me utterly fascinated with them. I finally understand my Moms obsession with plants! I go through phases as to what I'm interested in and now it's plants! Plant evolution is especially interesting and videos like these make me feel as if I were back in an interesting college lecture hall minus the stress! The best thing about having plants in my apartment is that they help me feel less alone in a big city! I must sound like I'm totally nuts sorry. I almost feel that plants, and all living things, are conscious. I believe for example that maybe, just maybe, and insects consciousness feels electric, almost 1D, and that it remains constant. Whereas a humans consciousness fluctuates in different colors and forms and has the potential to be infinitely3D. I often wonder how my plants feel existence, as messed up as that sounds, but I can never put myself in their shoes because they are so mysterious. Anyways my ideas about consciousness are just that, ideas, and by extension so is everyone else's ideas about consciousness including the theory of mind philosophers!! Btw what do you think of plant intelligence? I have heard that plants may have a rudimentary nervous system and that they possess traces of memory.
Natalia P Hey there! I love your enthusiasm. Reading your comment was a lot of fun. I have to agree that plants are great company. They’re incredibly relaxing to be around and to look at. Cities need more plants!
Making distance learning a little easier- Thank you
Trulagenous mixture bHiE
I knew a lot of things you talked about here, but something about the way you explained made me listen till the end.
Thank you for a very informative and pleasant presentation.
My type of video, factual and to the point.
Dear Mr. Cobey,
Thank you for all your efforts, time, and videos. I have an uneducated opinion, you would be kind to consider regarding this video.
Plant evolution mainly revolves around "i. transition into multicellularity, ii. vegetative (asexual) growth, iii. rise of sporophyte/gametophyte, and then iv. the subtle transitions of sporophyte prevailing the gametophyte". The speech trajectory here may be incoherent, as well as a number of universal plant models are certainly missing;
1- Liverworts (e.g. Riccia)
2- Hornworts (e.g. Anthoceros)
3- Moss
4- Pteridophytes
The benchmark extinct model for transition of pteridophytes into gymnosperms:
5- Pteridosperms (e.g. extant Osmunda regalis?, flowering ferns!): they may have produced the first 2n zygotes in history! They were ferns with, perhaps, epigenetic mutation forcing them to exhibit [apospory]. That is, on their 2n sporophyte, they re-transcribed and grew 2n archegonium and 2n antheridium sexual organs (their sporophyte, nevertheless, produced n spores too as a routine). Their abnormal 2n sexual organs produced 2n gametes! Now, as was the case of gametic fusion on their n gametophyte, these 2n gametes too, fused to give 4n zygote; 4n zygote then gave Mitosis (turning into a 4n tumor-like sporophyte!, as again was the case of tiny 2n sporophyte on their n gametophyte after fusion of both n gametes!). And further, the grown 4n sporophyte went through Meiosis (as if the plant tried to produce spores!), but this time to give 2n seeds!
Here rises the question:
Why pteridosperms went through "zygotic meiosis", but gymnosperms today go through "gametic meiosis"? Perhaps, since re-transcription of the same gametophytic genes obliged the plant to repeat "zygotic meiosis", molecular evolution needed few million years to shift into "gametic meiosis". Nonetheless, I cannot understand the reason behind this selective pressure for gymnosperms.
6- Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are indeed ferns, which
i. do not depend on n gametophyte anymore, since gymnosperms are descendants of those 2n seeds from pteridosperms.
ii. do not produce spores anymore on their 2n sporophyte (selective pressure?).
iii. indeed grow a tumor-like 2n gametophye on their 2n sporophyte (with a slight difference that this 2n gametophyte goes through gametic meiosis, producing n gametes, and not 2n gametes!)
7- Angiosperms:...
8- Next step: should we expect that the extant genus "Osmunda" may one day drop 2n seeds to grow into 2n gametophyte, fuse 2n archegonium and 2n antheridium to grow into huge 4n sporophyte, to give meiosis and produce a new generation of abnormal 2n seeds?! huge huge 4n plants...(?)
Sincerely,
Soroosh
Great video!!!!!! Do you have a video about Gnetophytes? Gnetophytes are really cool, how they are very close to angiosperms, but not quite........ also not that much info about them out there.......
i have a presentation on this next week and this video is absolutely great :)
Did you site me as a source?
yup i had to translate most of it into german because its for my german bio class. i wanted to also ask if the first if the first plants came from green algae or blue-green algae and if theres any major difference. and are there any similarities between the first plants and algae as proof?
@@zarahk9757 LMAO he just wanted credit, didn't care to answer your question
very helpful to teach beginners of plant evolution
Very informative! Thank u so much bev biology!
Excellent
test your understating of this video
1. The Charophytes we have today are similar to what group of plants that are thought to be their ancestors? _________________________________
2. When comparing Charophytes with today’s primitive plants, name three characteristics that are similar. ________________________________________; ________________________________, _______________________________.
3. Angiosperms and Gymnosperms both produce __________________. These structures are on _____________________ in Gymnosperms and in ____________________ in the Angiosperms.
4. Loss of water from leaf surfaces (one of the challenges for land plants) is called ________________________.
5. Small openings in the leaf surface are called stomata and are used for _________________________________.
6. The waxy covering on the leaf surface is called the _______________________.
7. The vascular system in plants is used to ________________________________________.
8. In the diagram of a tree trunk, the xylem is used to ___________________________________ while the phloem is used to _______________________________________________.
9. Moss and other bryophytes do not have ________________________ like other plant groups.
10. What material hardens plant cell wall and gives strength to wood? ______________________
11. Land plants do not need water for the sperm to fertilize the egg. What do land plants do accomplish this? ________________________________________
12. Seeds consist of a hard seed coat and a(n) __________________________ inside the seed.
13. In the alternation of generations diagram, the 2N zygote marks the beginning of which of the two major parts? _______________________________
14. Certain bacteria growing on the roots of legume plants exhibit a symbiosis called _______________________.
15. The bacteria (above) provide what for the legume plants? ___________________________
16. In the flowering plant life cycle, what does the plant provide for its pollinator? __________________________
17. Name one defense adaptation that plants have to avoid herbivores. _____________________________
Do I need to site you if I explain this to my friends who grow weed?
where did the seeds come from? I mean how did the seeds comes up? because I will be having a report in our biology subject. and I have to tackle about the PLANT EVOLUTION.
+Cema amec The teacher in me cannot straight up answer that question. The act of doing the research and sorting through the non-essential data is incredibly valuable to learn. Best wishes on your progress.
+Beverly Biology Ah. okay thank you so much. .😉😉😉 I will study and I try to understand your video. then this will be the one I will report. and hahha wish me luck. Sir.😉
@@BeverlyBiology This! Is what bad teachers do. They don't give you a source, they don't explain it, they just send you off to find some sources that may not even be credible. Why not at least push him in the right direction? Give him a link to read, this is why high school students, who clearly don't care enough to look it up, ask questions. Then some teacher has the balls to say, look it up... No sir, they don't care that much, if they did they would have gone and done that after class, instead just answer the damn question so we can all learn. Just like your high school kids, I lost interest after that sad answer. Oh and I am a Masters student, so that is saying something. If I asked an advanced calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, or basic probability theory professor a question and got this answer I would lose my mind.
Amazing lecture. Do sugars always go down and water up in a vascular plant?
I think it would be better looking at the xylems and phloems going like:
Xylem: (H2O; minerals) roots --> leaves
Phloem: (sugars) leaves --> roots
For example ivy plant has aerial roots (with xylems) emerging all over the stem and they hydrate the plant in all directions.
Thank you! it's really help me up :)
Glad you liked... thanks for watching
yeah alot
How to classify plants
thank you!!! love this
Thank you for the compliment... best wishes to you
awesome!!
Is it possible for plants to evolve into animals? knowing all living things came from the same ancestral cell.
Plants and animals began to evolve separately a long time ago (see Bikonta vs. Unikonta), and are now too far genetically from each other to evolve into one another.
It would be possible to reverse what evolution has done if we knew the order in which mutations appeared (like snakes which lost legs or green plants which lost phycobilisomes), but it most probably will not happen spontaneously.
@@fanfoire Even for plants that already eat insects?
very good
sir i am searching for gymnosperm and angiosperm ncert 11 class please asad sir help me
Good
Not very much deep but good enough for a starter
That was a bee, not bumblebee
Sorry. This video is not about evolution. You got off the point when getting into reproduction.
u sound like ross geller from friends😂
Those damn herbivores. We all should eat meat. 😂😂😂 And why do pollen look so suspicious close like a virus that we got to know the last few years?