ความคิดเห็น •

  • @jhulin9018
    @jhulin9018 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    One other tip I forgot to mention is that I would put the roller back in the plastic cover it came with (or a ziplock) so that it would not dry between coats and I could use the same roller (without cleaning) again for the second coats...no clean up. I just threw away my rollers when I was finished (cleaned and save the brush though). I used one roller for the oil based primer and a new/separate one for the Acrylic Latex Enamel.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I’ve done that with grocery sacks as well. It’s amazing how long they’ll stay usable.

    • @cochechohoneybees1060
      @cochechohoneybees1060 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I saw a tip where this painter of some years experience said he uses a clean pringles cylinder to temporarily store a wet paint roller. I've never tried it, but it looked like a good tip.

  • @martyjackson4806
    @martyjackson4806 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Pro painting tip: Airless sprayer. Buy one. You can paint the house and barn afterwards and it will take less time then that took. Keep up the good work!

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Marty, any recommendations on a brand or model?

    • @martyjackson4806
      @martyjackson4806 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I have a Graco 395 ST and a Graco 395 Pro. Both are entry level + and will work for many years.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Marty!

    • @cochechohoneybees1060
      @cochechohoneybees1060 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yup!! I just used one for the first time the other day. No more brushes and rollers if I can help it.

  • @jhulin9018
    @jhulin9018 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I absolutely love your channel! I just painted around 30 hive boxes using the identical method and paint system so I can lend testimony that it works very well. I have standardized on one size box for supers and brood but mine are 8FD versus your 10FM. I followed the Bob Binnie method as well (without the copper treatment) but used the Zinser Oil Primer and Behr Acrylic Latex Enamel paint-High Gloss (High Gloss is very important). Bob stacked his but I used the 2x4 (like your 2x2 fir strips) "down the middle" method like you with buckets and saw horses. Rollers work very well as it gets a good thick layer (Bob mentions that in his video), goes on relatively fast and does not have overspray issues compared to spraying (saves paint and does not get in the hive box). I too used a wide roller for the boxes, brush for the handles and small rollers for lids, top feeders and bottom boards like you did and it worked well. The only difference is that I would paint all the handles of a given box first with the brush and then immediately roll all the sides and edges since the two passes don't interfere with each other with the wet paint (e.g. roller does not mess up the handle area just painted and any overpaint on the side from the brush is immediately smoothed out by the roller. So your method and mine have the same number of box rotations (twice around for a coat of paint) to do both the handles and sides but I only touched the box once (finished the entire box before moving to the next). I am very pleased with the looks and toughness/durability of the paint system. One technique I tried to employ was to slide my box along the 2x4 when rotating to the next side. This uses the 2x4 to wipe the inner edge of the side from any paint that a roller may have left and they tend to do with a thin surface against a wide roller. FYI...I did not pay a "dumb tax" as I started of and consistently used a 3M respirator with the correct cartridge/filter so no headaches here. Thanks again and please keep the excellent videos coming.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for taking the time to write! I love getting comments like this, made my day!

  • @WhereAreTheTrains
    @WhereAreTheTrains 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I'm exhausted just watching! I painted 5 new supers and one bottom/top this year and that was more than enough for me.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I don’t mind work, I like to work. But painting isn’t work...it’s punishment.

  • @jeanniebair4103
    @jeanniebair4103 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I agree we all need to encourage each other on saving the bees. I stared last year and so far I love it. Hoping to catch my first swarm this year. Great job painting! Thank you for posting and encouraging us all

  • @ZelmaBees
    @ZelmaBees 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What an operation - impressive! Hope you have a successful season.

  • @rodneymiddleton9624
    @rodneymiddleton9624 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Looking good!!!!!

  • @sunsetheritage
    @sunsetheritage 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I know the video is about painting, but I love old barns and old tractors. My dad was a tractor collector. I kept looking at the Farmall sitting there. Probably have to watch again and pay attention to what you’re saying.... lol. A+ on the cartwheels 👏👏👏 last week I told my husband I’d do one when I felt the calf kick inside one of my heifers. I also followed that up with the fact I knew I’d just end up in cow 💩. I’m going to be 50 so I have a few years on ya, but I’m still impressed 😁👏. Lorie

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thanks Lorie! I thought about adding a part to the apprenticeship program saying that Lorie from Sunset Heritage Farm was pre-approved, no application needed!

    • @sunsetheritage
      @sunsetheritage 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@DuckRiverHoney Lol... I thought about submitting an application, but I’m under a lifetime contract without early release here on our farm. Darn the back luck or I would LOVE the opportunity to paint more boxes. 🤣
      BTW, your son was so adorable in his little Carhartt coveralls. 🥰

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Reminds me of Tom Sawyer convincing the other boys to do his fence painting. Painting one of my LEAST favorite things.

    • @sunsetheritage
      @sunsetheritage 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DuckRiverHoney 🎨 🥵🤣

    • @sunsetheritage
      @sunsetheritage 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney I just thought of something, you better be careful doing too good of a job painting boxes. Next thing you know, you’ll be painting your neighbors barn for using the space 😱

  • @Dustpuuppy
    @Dustpuuppy 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You can pick up a high volume/low pressure sprayer at the big box store for around $60. Lot faster than this and pretty much disposable, if you don't care to mess with cleaning it. One step up will cost around $90. Faster still and probably still cheap enough to be disposable.

  • @BellahWorks
    @BellahWorks 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Good work! Hope you catch a tone of swarms this season.

  • @randallcarter-carterhillho2277
    @randallcarter-carterhillho2277 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think you like painting boxes as much as i do. Lol. Your system is very close to mine. I did learn that the 9" paint roller i can saw in half with a hack saw and save money because it is cheaper than the small rollers. Also you could cut the paint roller to the specific width you need. I have built a wax dipping tank and purchased wax and am about to try that. Thanks for the great video!!

  • @ericklingele661
    @ericklingele661 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I can't believe the Russian judge only gave you a 6 out of 10 on the cartwheels. Seriously … great work! I feel a little of your pain … I have 36 mediums with frames and assorted stuff almost to the finish line. Swarm traps inspired by you go up by end of March … thanks!

  • @GEEZBEEZ
    @GEEZBEEZ 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My least favorite chore that I need to do also. Like your ideas. I only has 40 deeps and bottom boards to do. If you find that elusive help send them my way. Really nice to meet you at the hive life conference. I had to leave a day early for a family emergency but hope to be back next year. Thanks for your videos. Take care.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks Gary, I’m getting an airless sprayer this year.

  • @beekeepinggarden165
    @beekeepinggarden165 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Lot's of supers wow how many Hives did you hold right now ??

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I’ve got 9 but hoping to grow to 25 or 30 this year. I’d like to stay around that number.

  • @wayne8873
    @wayne8873 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Stupid tax!!!! I love mate.
    Look after yourself. ‘Catch of the day’ colour choice. That’s a dad joke if I ever heard of one.
    I like these ‘covert’ swam traps. Speaking about humidity, we just had a category 1cyclone come through took out our 30ft pine tree. The girls had no idea what was going on. They went out after the storm but I can’t imagine if there is any pollen for them or flowers for that matter. We’re comin into autumn for us here.
    Wanted to apply for the very generous offer of an apprentice bee keeper hive painter, but sadly no flights to the US from Australia.
    Edge, face, paint , repeat.....
    Looking for to the next vid mate.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Wayne! You've got an open invite if you want to visit. There's probably more for us to see over there than there is for you to see here though.

    • @wayne8873
      @wayne8873 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney probably. Reef, rainforest, lakes at altitude, camping spots beside crystal clear water.
      And likewise mate. We don’t have the size of land you do at your farm, but what we have your welcome for a visit.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@wayne8873 I'd love to take you up on that. Maybe someday. If we do a big trip like that I'd like the kids to be big enough to remember it.

    • @wayne8873
      @wayne8873 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DuckRiverHoney absolutely

  • @tsclly2377
    @tsclly2377 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I think your system is pretty efficient, paint, time and money wise.. it will be very tough to beat. Spraying hot wax on the interiors would be nice, but they will get waxed by the bees, so perhaps just a paint swipe on one board to get that bee way smell into the capture box..

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks, I believe it’s pretty efficient too....I still hate painting though!

  • @dannycrain3485
    @dannycrain3485 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Comes with beekeeping. What are we thinking.hun. great videos keep them coming

  • @nancynolton6079
    @nancynolton6079 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Sharing with all my club members especially the new beekeepers.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Awesome Nancy, I really appreciate that!

  • @HanginOutWithStan
    @HanginOutWithStan 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You're a very hard worker.
    Lol @ the job offer, I'll pass though. I love wood working and beekeeping, but I hate painting.
    I'm curious about your swarm boxes. How are they different? Or what makes them a swarm box?
    Sure would like to have an old Farmall like the one in your friend's barn. I love those old tractors.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hi Stan, thanks! I don’t think I’m a hard worker...my Great Grandfather plowed with mules from sunup to sundown. My Great Grandmother used to take his lunch to him in the field. I grew up on those stories. If you haven’t seen my first swarm trapping video, it covers the traps I’m using in detail. th-cam.com/video/7tK47OiXhHg/w-d-xo.html

  • @hockinghillshoneyfarm9273
    @hockinghillshoneyfarm9273 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job and your channel is really growing I'm happy for you and the success

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Dave, I appreciate it! I'm sort of stunned by how fast it's grown. I can't imagine people wanting to watch me...I'm just a farm kid from the boondocks.

    • @hockinghillshoneyfarm9273
      @hockinghillshoneyfarm9273 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney you are just one of us that's what makes you appealing

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Well I appreciate it!

  • @michaelmueller8976
    @michaelmueller8976 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Loved it!

  • @tyleregan9927
    @tyleregan9927 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm also looking in to a wax dipping setup. Other than rust are there any other issues you know of using sheet metal for tank material instead of stainless?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Volume is the biggest concern for me. High up front cost vs the ease and durability of wax dipped. I really do hate painting…

  • @jims7131
    @jims7131 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    So I see you paint the top and bottom edges of the boxes which I have also seen other suggest to help protect those areas from rotting. Do you have problems with the painted edges getting stuck together more than just the bees sticking the boxes together?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes, they do stick more than if you don't paint them. As they age it gets better though. I let them air out for a couple weeks before I stacked them.

  • @cochechohoneybees1060
    @cochechohoneybees1060 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Apprenticeship?? Anyone who can paint all those supers AND do a cartwheel without breaking a bone DOES NOT HAVE Tendonitis!! Hahah. I was rolling at the end when all the clapping started, lol. On a serious note, I have some new deeps, supers and a few other bee items I'm going to seal with Eco Wood Treatment (not the EW stain) using my own olive green tint. As far as recent painting around the ponderosa here in Cow-Hampshire, along with a small out structure for my generator I also painted some new BeeMax Outer Covers with a new Wagner Control Pro 130. Believe me, if I can spray a job as opposed to using a brush or roller now, I will. The finished product is amazing and time-savings alone makes spraying worth it. Just use old boots because mine a green now, lol.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks! I sprayed this past year and am planning to go to wax dipping next.

  • @MinnesotaBeekeeper
    @MinnesotaBeekeeper 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    We only have 45 to do. Suddenly I'm trying to find an excuses vacation to go to Norway. Lot of work but fantastic job. In case I missed it, how many hours did you put in?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      LOL, thanks. Not sure how many hours. It drug on because we had a few days of rain and very high humidity and I didn’t want to paint in that. The prime coat on everything was by far the worst. Once that was on the top coats went on much quicker.

  • @sergiofrausto6027
    @sergiofrausto6027 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video have you thought about dipping your boxes in wax if so what are your thoughts about it thank you🐝🖐

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I’d love to! It’s expensive 🙁

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Those are my thoughts, lol

    • @mariapiary
      @mariapiary 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Nathan, why is dipping expensive?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      A stainless steel tank plus the wax to get started is expensive. Once you have those it’s not bad per box, but you need to have a high quantity of boxes to do before it makes sense to jump in.

    • @mariapiary
      @mariapiary 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DuckRiverHoney i got a old big stove from a gastronomy. I started dipping this year. I don't use paraffin because its an organic operation. I dip with linseed oil and a few percent of beeswax. Works quite well so far. The costs are low and i hope the lifetime of the equipment is longer.

  • @michaelfike7542
    @michaelfike7542 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Electric or air paint sprayer stack them up paint them then do the edges. But great job on them the way you did it. 👍🐝🐝🐝🐝

  • @franksbees3884
    @franksbees3884 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is that a Farmall H in the barn ?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not sure...he's got several old trucks and tractors around. Doesn't like to get rid of anything, may need it someday I guess. :)

  • @traceyosterlind14
    @traceyosterlind14 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lol, great video. Funny, good angles, smart editing. And a handsome child ❤
    Good equipment to invest in? Yourself. See a physical therapist. You are young enough to avoid a lot of repetitive motion injury now, save yourself a lot of pain in the future. Little things like stretches and switching roller to non-dominant hand from time to time will pay off. They spend eight years learning about body mechanics. What you can learn in three or four sessions is amazing.

  • @craigmidgett8539
    @craigmidgett8539 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Man, looks like it's time to invest in a sprayer! Where do you get your equipment?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I got a bunch of it from Mann Lake. I'll probably get some from Albert Zook in Etheridge, TN this year. The rollers work great, but it is work.

    • @craigmidgett8539
      @craigmidgett8539 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DuckRiverHoney i'm not scaled enough to order in bulk, and i still paint my equipment with a brush ;) but i do get my equipment from Zook. He makes good stuff!

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I've heard that from a bunch of folks. Thanks!

  • @downunderfulla6001
    @downunderfulla6001 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    A bee super painting apprenticeship 😂😂 4 paints with a sprayer won’t be anywhere near as protected as 1 paint run with a roller. Yeah it’s quick but do you want quantity over quality. I know I don’t want to repaint every year. I was thinking woohoo he’s finished, but then I seen the naked 4x4’s behind you 😂😂🍺🍺

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I try to do things right the first time, then not have to do it again soon. But boy do I hate painting!!!!! The 4x4s shouldn’t take long, but you’re right, the chores never end.

    • @downunderfulla6001
      @downunderfulla6001 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney I would rather cop 5 stings than have to paint. But yeah it is a job that needs doing and doing right

  • @rayjohnson8329
    @rayjohnson8329 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bob Binnie stacks and sprays

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yeah I know, and he does roll the end grain on the joints as well. I believe rolling is better coverage, but lots more work.

  • @tifreire1
    @tifreire1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Man I'd rather take a beating than do all that painting. Part of it though. That being said, get some quotes on pallet sized quantities of assembled and painted equipment then factor in your time and see where you stand on it. What part of Tennessee are you in? I'm about 45 minutes west of Chattanooga and these bees are exploding right now.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I’m in western Middle TN. Used to live in Chattanooga though, and my brother is in Jasper.

    • @tifreire1
      @tifreire1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney nice. Does your brother have bees too? I'm on SP Mtn just below Franklin Forest. I'm shooting for a major expansion this summer and I'm trying to get all my equipment in order right now. Basically all the stuff I said I've have done by January lol.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      My brother doesn’t have bees...yet. But I’ve got him interested. I feel you on equipment, between needing 47 degrees for titebond to set and 40 degrees + with low humidity for paint, all that work had to wait through winter. Wouldn’t it be nice to get it all done in November and not worry the next spring?

    • @tifreire1
      @tifreire1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DuckRiverHoney for sure. I just found your Facebook and I'm sending you a message.

  • @mattf3238
    @mattf3238 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Lol. I need a apprentice program too. Maybe you can add a ohio chapter and we can collaborate our teachings. Lol

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      LOL, sounds good. My son doesn’t know it yet, but he’s already in the “forced apprentice” program.....just need to feed him up some so he grows faster.

  • @joseantonioosorio5280
    @joseantonioosorio5280 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dios lo bendiga patrón los saludo desde Nicaragua

  • @JoshMoore424
    @JoshMoore424 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Bro! Go rent an airless sprayer from Lowe’s or HD! 1/4 the time- better coverage - cheaper paint.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I didn’t know they rented them, thanks! I’ll look into it.

  • @jameshovey8301
    @jameshovey8301 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can I stop by and buy a few of those?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'll probably need all I've got this year, and I may need more than I've got.

  • @jayingram6437
    @jayingram6437 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Airless paint sprayer , cheapie at lowes, stack and spray can always go back and roll edges ..

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I may go that route....I hate painting

  • @drjmarkrodgers1428
    @drjmarkrodgers1428 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You don’t paint the inside?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      No need to. Bees will propolize it anyway.

    • @hcaveman6954
      @hcaveman6954 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      No, the inside of supers & inner covers are not recommended to be painted. The bees like the wood. I would recommend painting all sides of the bottom board. Easier to clean.
      No need to paint the inside of tops that bee's have access to.

    • @drjmarkrodgers1428
      @drjmarkrodgers1428 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@hcaveman6954 I’m planning on dipping my hive parts in copper naphthalene. The other option is to build them and roller the copper naphthalene on just the outside. Watching and listening to a number of folks about this perspective

    • @hcaveman6954
      @hcaveman6954 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@drjmarkrodgers1428 I did see that one of the major bee equipment dealers was offering the copper nap... treated woodwares for sale. I understand why to use the copper nap, allows the woodwares to last longer, might keep wax moth at bay, termites, & etc. My question is if it affects these other insects what effects will it have on the bees &/or the honey? Maybe a university has done a study stating that it is ok to use with direct contact of bees. ??
      I personally could not recommend the dipping, but outside coating should be acceptable. If someone has more exact information please pass it on to us or Duck river honey. I am not a bug expert, just someone trying to get my bees to make me some honey! 👍👍🙂🐝🦟🐞🦋🦗

  • @harrisjoubertwithsleepycre1924
    @harrisjoubertwithsleepycre1924 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    dude, buy a sprayer. way cheaper time wise

  • @soflynnobrien
    @soflynnobrien 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I use a commercial paint sprayer I got on Facebook Marketplace

  • @michaelmueller8976
    @michaelmueller8976 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Proper cleaning techniques would be helpful

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Cleaning of brushes, rollers, or something else?

    • @michaelmueller8976
      @michaelmueller8976 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DuckRiverHoney no, more like frame spinner after harvest, etc.

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Water and soap, hot water is better.

  • @herbramsey3375
    @herbramsey3375 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What u don't want bright pink

  • @rayjohnson8329
    @rayjohnson8329 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eco wood treatment , you just dip once and they’re good for life. Never paint again

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I may get into some different methods at some point, we'll see. It'd have to make sense for the scale.

  • @popquizzz
    @popquizzz 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Most boring video ever! It felt like I was watching paint dry! My attempt at humor. Did you use rollers instead of a paint gun for coverage effectiveness or cost savings?

    • @DuckRiverHoney
      @DuckRiverHoney 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Both really. I do think rollers do a better job, but if I painted hundreds a year I’d use a sprayer.