Look at the number of views for this important video ! As long as films and sports predominate there is no room for intellectual growth and engagement.And this in a country which produced the Upanishads and the vedas ! Sad really !
Nice program, but unfortunately I couldn't find this book by Prakash Chitre here in USA. I tried to order on amazon as well . Could you help me procure this book?
Thank you very much for your interest in reading my book. You can buy it directly from my publishers, Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. I hope you will enjoy reading it when you do have it in your hands. 👍🏼
@@prakashchitre1712 - You're welcome. I'm not in India. Only way i can think of procuring is online transaction, via a website. Unless they have any other means. Thank you.
First, Congratulations and Wishes to the learned scholar! Like any other Indian, I shall be very much happy whenever someone cites the goodness and greatness of our civilization, wich is Indian Civilization. I would like to term it as a 'Civilization with faith in theism', 'Civilization with faith in atheism' and 'Civilization with faith in agnosticism' ! I call it 'faith in', because it cannot be proven either with the available evidences. I can envisage how the scholar would've gone through lot of research and hardships in the journey to collect all the relevant information and data points due to his personal interest. My salute to the effort, though not going in to its merits and demerits due my lack of knowledge in the subject area. Unfortunately, the western world either rarely recognizes our merit, or does some intentional mediocre or shoddy job, or express their indifference and delinquency for political, lofty, and hauteur reasons, while our exalted and convicted folks try to exaggerate things of our greatness beyond boundaries. Somewhere there should be the reality and practical research and assessments. Say for instance, while our folks say 'Surya Siddhanta' is thousands of years old, the westerners date it to 400 CE! And Wikipedia is a platform to parrot the western and leftist propositions. So the conservatives and the realistic people are lacking the platforms to express and furnish their findings and views. I would rather see our temples as the centres for faith, art, civilization and science. Whatever temple we take, we find all these parameters. Unfortunately, all our architectures are dated to CE. Say Konark temple, Ellora Caves, Kailashnath temple, Mahabalipuram temples, Kanchi temples, Rani ki Vav, Shri Jagannath temple, Tanjavur temple, Chidambaram temple, Hoysala and Kakatiya temples, Arasavelli temple where the fall of Sun rays on the idol is determined based on solstice etc. And the all cant happen without Engineering knowledge! I'm also amazed by the great pyramids dated to 3500 BC and they too cant happen without Engineering knowledge. I'm also amazed how the Americas of Mayan culture constructed pyramids while they were considered alien till 15th Centuy! Did that civilization happen independent of Asia-Africa-Europe? I'm also certain there should've been exchange of ideas between Greeks and Indians, otherwise, there cannot be same number of zodiac signs, days of the week, months of the year, planets, and similarities in other astronomical, astrological and perceived to be historical events! I'm happy more independent scholars are putting their findings before public and I wish there happens a peer review without biases and prejudices. I once again congratulate the scholar Prakash Chitre ji for all his sincere efforts!
Thank you very much for watching my ppt presentation and the subsequent interview as also for being interested enough to comment. May I offer a few explanations? It is true that the western scholars used to denigrate ancient Indian astronomy. Either outright or they downplayed its significance. However, with the advent of reliable astronomical software it is possible for scholars to examine the innumerable astronomical observations and calculations made in a large number of our ancient treatises. A case in point is the Surya Siddhant which is a complex astronomical text. Among other astronomical issues, it also shows how to calculate the various motions of the planets, the Sun and various stars and constellations and has been found to be very precise. It is also true that the West had dated it to circa 5th century CE. This is correct only so far as one of the updates in it is concerned but not the several other updates ie it does not apply to the entire text. It is important to note that there have been several updates to it over several thousand years. At least one of those updates is as ancient as 5,500 BCE ie 7,500 Before Present. I have touched upon the SS in some detail in my book “Our Intellectual Heritage”, extensively quoting the eminent present day scholars concerned, with due acknowledgement of their work. It may also be noted that the Surya Siddhant is not the only ancient Indian treatise on astronomy, there are many others which are more than 3,000 or even 5,000 years old e.g. Vedang Jyotish and Shatpath Brahman. Besides, the ancient Indian Knowledge and the evidence for the same, which is what my book is all about, covers a very large number of subjects and not only astronomy and branches of mathematics. Such dates seem impossible to us only because we were incorrectly informed of our ancient knowledge, if at all. The distant ancestors of all of us Indians irrespective of our ethnic backgrounds, were brilliant men and women and we have every right to be proud of them, as long as a) our pride is based on facts and b) we do not show any disrespect to any other civilisations. Thank you.
You mentioned that Panini Rishi lived in 5th Century BCE. However, recently Yajnadevam has decoded the Indus script and found that it is all Sanskrit, with the sentences perfectly following Panini's grammar. Given that the oldest Indus script dates back to atleast 4000 BC, Panini must have been living atleast before 4000 BC.
I have not had the opportunity to look at the work of Shri Yajnavedam and what is the opinion of scholars about it. I am personally not qualified to comment on it. However, it is entirely true that the West have incorrectly dated our brilliant ancestors and their works and claimed them to be much more recent than they actually were. In view of such intentional incorrect dating, it is quite likely that Maharshi Panini flourished long before the 5th or 6th century BCE.
@@PrakashChitre-h6k Thank you very much for your reply, and clarification. I like to add that Shri Yajnadevam's decipherement is based on Shannon's information theory, and completely mathematical. I myself have a decent understanding of this, and it is proof-driven, like all mathematics. But having said this, the paper is still in the draft phase and it should be out soon for peer review, as per Yajnadevam. He mentioned in various interviews that the tablets have plently of `rudra' namas, vedic deities, instances from puranas, and complete grammatical (following Panini) sentences in Sanskrit !!
@@Someone-vg8fk One prays that Shri Yajnavedam ji has indeed correctly deciphered the script of the Sindhu Saraswati Civilisation. It can tell us so much about it. While we do know a great deal through our epics and various texts, there must be a lot more to know.
@@Someone-vg8fk One prays that Shri Yajnavedam ji has indeed correctly deciphered the script of the Sindhu Saraswati Civilisation. It can tell us so much about it. While we do know a great deal through our epics and various texts, there must be a lot more to know.
The Scripts of India In ancient times there were two scripts in India - Bráhmii and Kharośt́i. These two scripts have been found on goat hides from the time of the first Muslim king. They date to pre-Muslim times, making them at least 1500 years old. Bráhmii was written from right to left and Kharośt́i from left to right. Late Kharośt́i died and Bráhmii bifurcated into two scripts - Sáradá, the script of the people northwest of Prayag (Allahabad), and Nárada, which was used in the southwest. These scripts were written from left to right like English. Prayag was the meeting point of Sáradá and Nárada. A third script developed and was known as Kut́ilá script. Since it was developed in Kaosambii, it was also known as Kaosambii script. It was also known as Sriiharśá script since the seal of Shrii Harśa [Harshavardan] was written in this script. It was popular in the east of Allahabad. Nárada script was also known as Nágarii script due to the domination of Nágar Bráhmańas. After the Gupta period, the influence of Kányakubja Bráhmańas declined and that of the Nágar Bráhmańas increased, hence Nárada began to dominate Kut́ilá script. Previously, the scholars of Kashi wrote in Kut́ilá script, but later, due to the influence of the Nágar Bráhmańas, Kut́ilá disappeared and Nágarii took its position. Kut́ilá used to be the script of the entire eastern portion of India. Ancient támralipi, or inscriptions written on copper, and shilálekhá, or edicts written on stone slabs, have been found in Kut́ilá script from the time of Harshavardhan, when Kut́ilá dominated. Nágarii came after the Gupta period. During the Mughal period the Kayasthas wrote their official records in a distorted form of Nágarii. Since the Kayasthas wrote in this script, it came to be known as Káyathii. It was popular in east Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Bhojpuri was written in this script. Of course, the official language of the Mughals was Urdu. There is no diphthong (yuktákśara) in Kayathii, which was used in the courts during the British period. Kayathii has a close proximity to Gujrati script, which used to be found over 70-80 years ago. When the United Provinces of Agra and Avadha was consolidated after the merger of Agra, Avadh and Ruhelkhand, Kayathii disappeared from the courts and Urdu took its place. The Sáradá or Sárasvata script had three branches - Kashmirii Sáradá, used in Kashmir; Dogrii Sáradá, used in Dvigarta; and Punjabi Sáradá, used in Saptasindhu. Later Urdu was accepted in the Punjab and the Sikh Guru Arjuna Deva developed Guru-mukhi script, however Persian script was more popular. Punjabi contains more tadbhava Saḿskrta words which cannot be written properly in Persian script, so in Punjabi “school” and “station” are “sakool” and “sateshan” respectively. Later Lándei script developed as a distortion of Punjabi Sáradá, and the shopkeepers of the Punjab and Sind would write in it. Ranabir Singh wanted to popularize Dogrii script in Jammu and Kashmir, which was a Hindu theocratic state. At that time only Brahmans and Sándhivigráhikas (Kayasthas) could be government ministers in Hindu theocratic states. Such a system, however, is not proper, as the state is for all citizens equally. The Brahmans in Jammu and Kashmir favoured Kashmirii Sáradá and were more familiar with Persian script, and due to their influence Dogrii script was not accepted. Assamese and Bengali horoscopes and books were both written in Sriiharśa script, while in Mithila horoscopes were written in Sriiharśa and books in Nágarii. In Kashmir, horoscopes were written in Sárada. In the Punjab, during ancient times, horoscopes and books were written in Punjabi Sárada, that is, Saptasindhu Sárada, while today horoscopes are written in Punjabi Sáradá and books in Gurumukhii script. Oriya script used to be written on palm leaves with iron pens. To avoid tearing the leaves, it was written in rounded letters. Bengali, however, was written in angular letters. But on shilálekhá, or edicts written on stone slabs, both scripts are written in an angular style because stone is not easily damaged. Oriya was written in Sriharsh script in circular style or Utkal style, and Sriharsh script was written in angular style or Gaoriiya style. Sáradá denotes intellect or intellectuality. The script used by the intellectuals of Kashmir was called “Sáradá script”. When the Vedas were first composed, they were passed down from guru to disciple through memorization because script had not yet been invented and so no written record of them could be made. The Vedas are also called “Shruti.” (During the time of the Rgveda there was no script). It became a dogma not to write down the Vedas, and a great portion of the Vedas were lost due to this dogma. Out of nearly one hundred rks, most were lost. The scholars of Kashmir were the first ones to write the Vedas down despite the dogma, and they wrote them in Sáradá script. They wrote the Atharvaveda.(2) Nárada was the script used in the southwest of Allahabad up to the Gulf of Kachh, north of Bombay. It was invented by the Nágar Bráhmańas of Gujarat, therefore it is also called Nágarii script. Nágarii script derived its name from the Nágar Bráhmańas. These Brahmans started writing Saḿskrta, that is, Devabháśá, in Nágarii, so this script was called “Devanágarii”. Thus Devanagari script came from Gujarat and not from Uttar Pradesh. Gujarati is written in a simple way without a line over the letters. When Saḿskrta was written in this script, lines were also drawn over the letters. This script came to be known as Devanagari script, a specific type of Nágarii. Kut́ilá is the script used in the east of Allahabad. Since complicated diphthongs were used in this script, it was called “Kut́ilá”. Kut́ila means “complicated”. During the days of King Ashoka, Kut́ilá was the popular script but stone edicts were written in Bráhmii script. After the Gupta period and up to the Pathan invasion of India, the influence of Kányakubja and Saryupáriin Bráhmańas decreased and their position was taken over by the Nagar Bráhmańas of Gujarat. Nágar Bráhmańas were dominant in Varanasi. Consequently, Kut́ilá became less dominant and Devanagari took over its position. Varanasi accepted Devanagari as its script. Some British scholars learnt Saḿskrta in Devanagari when the British came to India. The German scholar Max Mueller also used Devanagari script for writing Saḿskrta. Devanagari became the script of Saḿskrta in this [era], though Saḿskrta has no special script of its own. It is written in several scripts. Paesháchii and Paśhcátya Prákrta abounded in tadbhava or distorted Saḿskrta words. In ancient times human beings wandered like nomads and gypsies. Later they settled down permanently in villages. In Vedic Saḿskrta the word anna is used for staple food and pińd́a for any food. The place where people took food was known as pińd́a + ik = pińd́ik. In Paesháchii Prákrta it became pińd́a. Today in Punjabi pińd́a means “village.” Punjabi contains a lot of tadbhava Saḿskrta words. There are three scripts in Bhojpuri: Nágarii script is used in the west of Allahabad. Max Mueller wrote the Vedas in Nágarii script which came to be known as Devanagari 800 years ago. Sáradá script is used in the northwest of Allahabad and is 1300 years old. Kut́ilá script is used in the east of Allahabad. It is the script for Oriya, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Angika, etc. Bengali is 1100 years old. The mother tongue of Krśńa was Shaorasenii Prákrta. Later on Vrajabháśá emerged from Shaorasenii Prákrta, and is spoken in the west of Allahabad. Raskhan (a Muslim poet), Rahim and Surdas were the poets of Prákrta. The Agrawalas of Vraja belong to the Vraja area and are not Marwaris. The Muslims of Allahabad speak the Avadhi language. Only the Shiites speak Urdu. -Shri P R Sarkar Source: A Scriptological and Linguistic Survey of the World Published in: Discourses on Neohumanist Education
Inception and Evolution of Vedas The oldest portion of the Vedas, that is, the Rgveda, was composed outside India. The remaining portions, that is, the Yajurveda and Atharvaveda, were partly Indian and partly non-Indian. Sámaveda is not a separate Veda by itself but is the compilation of the lyrical and musical portions of the different Vedas. So only the Rgveda can be regarded as an ancient relic of the non-Indian Aryan civilization. The Yajurveda was composed in Iran, Afghanistan, northwest India and certain parts of what is modern Russia [the former Soviet Union], so it cannot be called entirely non-Indian, particularly since Afghanistan (Gándhár) and certain parts of Russia were regarded as part of India at that time. The original Rgvedic civilization belonged, in spirit and language, to the non-Indian Aryans. However, the Yajurveda was composed by a particular branch of the Vedic Aryans who, when the Aryans later began to spread out in search of food (especially wheat), migrated to India via Iran (Áryańya Vraja) and Afghanistan. When we say “Indo-Aryan civilization”, we basically mean the civilization of these people. These nomadic Aryans, on coming in contact with the different groups of people of Iran, Afghanistan and northwest India, took up farming and developed the techniques of strategic warfare. The impact of this new mindset bred in them, to some extent, a refined intelligence. In the beginning, during the Rgvedic era, the cattle-rearing Aryans were only acquainted with barley and a few other crops. After they came to the present Iran, they learned to cultivate wheat and, to some extent, rice. The more they progressed on their march, the more they came to realize the importance of growing different crops. Still, their staple was generally barley. They learned wheat cultivation from the Asuras, the indigenous natives of Iran. Though they became acquainted with paddy, or briihi (briihi → riihi → rihi → risi → “rice”, as in modern English), they did not cultivate it extensively. They learned the use of boiled rice in India. The Yajurvedic Era saw the all-round development of these people, and the resultant development of the Brahmaváda of the Yajurveda - the doctrine of monotheism. During this era not only was there a noticeable intellectual development among the general masses of the Aryans; among the munis [intellectuals or seers] and the rśis, philosophy and spirituality also attained a brilliant height of expression. The Brahmaváda of the Yajurveda was a lot deeper and clearer than that of the Rgveda. The Atharvaveda was initially composed in India. During the composition of this Veda, the Aryans came in close contact with the non-Aryans, resulting in an exchange of thought between the two. The Tantra of the non-Aryans had a marked influence on the Atharvaveda. Being non-Aryan, the Atharvaveda cannot be regarded as a representation of Aryan civilization. In the subtle philosophy of the Atharvaveda, particularly of the Nrsiḿha Tápańiiya Shruti [Upanishads], there is a far greater influence of the non-Aryan Tantra than of the Aryan Veda. The migrating Aryans first settled in the hilly valleys of northern India. Although there was not much intermixture of blood between the Aryans and the inhabitants of this area, the Aryans were greatly influenced by non-Aryan culture. The Aryans settled down in this area, which was known as Kash (or Khash) after defeating its ancient non-Aryan inhabitants. Using the original name, Kash, they renamed the area “Kashmeru” or “Kashmiira” [Kashmir]. Although the Aryans of Kashmiira did not give up their Vedic study, in the spiritual field they did cultivate the indigenous Indian Tantra. As the southern part of Kashmiira was littered with pebbles resembling the jambu fruit [Eugenia jambolana Lam], the Aryans named it “Jambu Dviipa” (modern Jammu). Subsequently, Jambu Dviipa came to mean the whole of India. Possibly in the sandy beds of the many rivers that transect Jambu Dviipa they discovered gold for the first time, and so gold came to be known as jámbunada. When still later they settled throughout the entire land of India, they realized that it was ideal not only for habitation, but also for self-development. Thus they named it “Bháratavarśa”. Bhara means “that which feeds”; ta means “that which gives”, or “that which helps in the process of expansion”; and varśa means “a vast stretch of land”. Thus, bháratavarśa means “a vast expanse of land which helps in the all-round development of its inhabitants”. -Shrii Shrii A'nandamurtiji Source: Tantra and Indo-Aryan Civilization Published in: * Discourses on Tantra Volume One [a compilation]
The metamorphosed form of the ancient Bráhmii script is the Shriiharśa script. It was named Shriiharśa after King Harshavardhan, since a seal in his handwriting that was discovered, was written in this script. This Shriiharśa script was the script of the whole of eastern India (Allahabad and the regions to the east). Manipuri (Mithei and Viśeńpurii), Assamese, Bengali, Maethilii and the like are written in this script, though with local variations, of course. Languages such as Angika, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Nagpuri and Chattrishgarhi also use this script. But those peopleʼs mother tongues having been suppressed for a long time, their mother script is unfamiliar to them. The script of Oriya also is this Shriiharśa script. The characters in the Shriiharśa script are basically angular. In Orissa it was the custom to write on palmyra leaves with an iron kitchen implement, but writing the angular characters in this way with that iron implement, the palmyra leaves were likely to be damaged. Thus the practice was introduced of avoiding angles and writing in a circular way. Hence the present Oriya script is nothing but the Shriiharśa script, avoiding angles. As Shriiharśa is one of the ancient scripts of India, Sanskrit has been written in this script since ancient times, and most ancient books in Sanskrit were written in this script. The Devanagari script came much later. The deed of gift written in the Sanskrit language by King Chandravarma of Shushunia Hill, Ráŕh, was written in Shriiharśa script, and that Shushuniyá script is the most ancient example of Bengali script.(1) From this perspective, Shushunia Hill may be regarded by scholars and litterateurs as a sort of tiirtha [sacred place]. Such inscriptions carved in stone in ancient Bengali script are available in Jaida of Singhbhum District and Chiyada of Bankura District. If searches are carried out, such will be found in many more places. Some think that Devanagari is the script of Sanskrit, but this idea is totally wrong. Sanskrit has no script of its own. The Shriiharśa script is much older than Devanagari, and it facilitates swift writing (as one can write for a long time without raising oneʼs hand). 1981, Kolkata Footnotes [1] The Shushuniyá script is 1100 years old. In 1984, a few years after writing the above, the author himself discovered some older scripts at Bhula-Pavanpur village under Patamda Police Station, Bangurdá village under Kamalpur Police Station, and at Jaida village under Chandil Police Station, all within East Singhbhum and Seraikela Districts. The author opined that these scripts must date back 1700 years or more, clearly indicating that they are older than the Shushunia script. The author named this script Dálmá script, because the river basins where they were available (as mentioned above) are surrounded by the Dálmá Hills in western Ráŕh. (See Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Varńa Vicitrá Part 2.) -Trans. Shrii P R Sarkar Source: Ráŕh - 20. The Script of Ráŕh Published in: Ráŕh: The Cradle of Civilization
I must admit Dinesh ji that I am very impressed by your knowledge of the various scripts in India. This does not seem to be in the realm of common knowledge. I do hope that the others who have seen or will see my PowerPoint Presentation will read your replies in full, just as I did. Thank you. 🙏🙏
@@PrakashChitre-h6k - I am simply sharing the thoughts and commentaries of my beloved teacher and mentor Shri Sarkarji who passed away in the later part of 1990. Dear Prakash ji I would encourage you to check out his published works , which you may find extremely interesting for your own research . Thank you for your kind words. Namaskarji.
Renaming the Indus and Harappan Civilizations as the Sarasvati River Civilization seems to be an attempt to link this ancient civilization with Vedic influences and stamp. However, when did this river come to be known as the Sarasvati? So far, there is little archaeological evidence supporting a direct Vedic or cultural connection. In fact, recent discoveries, especially in the South-spanning Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka-suggest a strong Dravidian link, possibly influenced by Shaiva Tantric traditions. This points toward a more complex history, perhaps reflecting an early blending of Dravidian and perhaps Aryan arrival during the initial stages. They may have brought Vedic knowledge and culture. This migration probably were Persia and Afghanistan. Script was put on paper only 3,500 years ago. The script was probably the first pictoral script of Dravidian origin. Contemporarily the Chinese were probably the first to have invented chinese pictoral script around 6,000 years ago. Shrii P R Sarkar states that script was invented in the Indus Valley around 6,000 years ago.
I must say that i beg to disagree with you about the Aryans. I have devoted one full chapter to this theory (?) in my book "Our Intellectual Heritage", which so called theory was imposed on us by the British in the 18th century, quite without any evidence. I cannot go into the details here. Too long.
@@PrakashChitre-h6k I am a very patriotic Indian and love my Bharat. Yet I have to say that We keep on blaming the British for pushing this Aryan Invasion myth. I am afraid that Shrii P R Sarkar my mentor and teacher from I quoted from disagrees with the theory that there never was any Aryan migration, invasion, call it what you like. We Indians, aside from Sarkarji's comments and observations, are the most blended race of people ( Austric, Dravidians, Mongolians and Caucasians ) over period of 10,000 years. There should be more scientific research and evidence to prove any theory. So I am keeping my mind open and let's wait and see what the future will provide. Having said all this it will eventually be proven that our Indian civilisation was, is and will become the beacon of light for the world in all three spheres ( physical,mental and spiritual) and lead humanity towards the Satya Yuga.
When did english become the local language of tamilnadu- I thought Tamil is the local language🤨 The sacredness of Brihadeshwara temple is sought to be reduced by calling it big temple or perhaps in the near future this is the way of setting up the cross by the double-crossing people of tamilnadu
My most sincere apologies, Ms. Indrani Dutta, for using the term "local language" in my presentation. I am conscious of it that I ought to have said "in Tamil". I assure you that it was a slip of the tongue and nothing more. In fact, if you read my book, or even watch the presentation fully, you will understand the immense pride I feel for the ancestry of all us Indians, which covers the whole of India and not just one or two parts of it. Coming to Tamil Nadu, to mention just a few examples, do read what I have written about the knowledge of acoustics as reflected in the musical pillars in as many as 25 temples in the South, including many in Tamil Nadu itself. Or, read about the discovery of an anomaly underwater off the coast of Poompuhar in Tamil Nadu, which, the Geological Remote Sensing Scientists feel must be a well designed harbour, constructed over 10,000 years ago. This reflects their knowledge of civil engineering, harbour construction and ship building. I hope I have cleared my position. 🙏🏼
It was just a minor aberration in his flow of speech and a misnomer. But of course yes, these days, 'English' is the local language of TN promoted through political reasons in their hatred towards Hindi and Sanskrit as a linking language! It all started with love towards the mother tongue 'Tamil' --> metamorphosed into 'admiration' --> metamorphosed into 'pride' --> metamorphosed into 'esteem' --> metamorphosed into 'vanity' --> metamorphosed into 'narcissism' --> metamorphosed into 'pomposity' --> metamorphosed into 'imperiousness' --> metamorphosed into 'condescension' --> metamorphosed into 'snobbery' --> metamorphosed into 'radical thinking' --> metamorphosed into 'fanaticism' --> metamorphosed into 'hatred towards other languages' --> about to metamorphose into 'extremism'. I say this as one of the admirers of the Tamil language.
Aap ye bar bar Indian ,Indian mat boliye.. ""Bhartiy""🇮🇳 "'भारतीय""🇮🇳 बोलिये. जय शिवराय...🚩🚩🚩 The Greatest Saviour of Bhartiya Sanatan Hindu Dharma Sabhyata ( Civilization ) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ki Jay...🚩🚩🚩 जय जिजाऊ...🚩🚩🚩 जय शिवराय...🚩🚩🚩 जय शंभूराजे...🚩🚩🚩 🇮🇳🇮🇳Bharat Mata ki Jay..🇮🇳🇮🇳 Jay Hind..🇮🇳🇮🇳Jay Bharat..🇮🇳🇮🇳 Jay Sanatan Hindu Rashtra...🚩🚩🚩
Very nice and clear historical facts with reference
Thank you for your comment.
Excellent podcast..really eye opener. Very proud of our ancestors.
Thank you very much Ranvir ji. I agree with you. We have every right to be very proud of our distant ancestors, brilliant men and women they were.
Look at the number of views for this important video ! As long as films and sports predominate there is no room for intellectual growth and engagement.And this in a country which produced the Upanishads and the vedas ! Sad really !
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Nice program, but unfortunately I couldn't find this book by Prakash Chitre here in USA. I tried to order on amazon as well . Could you help me procure this book?
Thank you very much for your interest in reading my book. You can buy it directly from my publishers, Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House.
I hope you will enjoy reading it when you do have it in your hands. 👍🏼
@@prakashchitre1712 - You're welcome. I'm not in India. Only way i can think of procuring is online transaction, via a website. Unless they have any other means.
Thank you.
First, Congratulations and Wishes to the learned scholar!
Like any other Indian, I shall be very much happy whenever someone cites the goodness and greatness of our civilization, wich is Indian Civilization.
I would like to term it as a 'Civilization with faith in theism', 'Civilization with faith in atheism' and 'Civilization with faith in agnosticism' !
I call it 'faith in', because it cannot be proven either with the available evidences.
I can envisage how the scholar would've gone through lot of research and hardships in the journey to collect all the relevant information and data points due to his personal interest. My salute to the effort, though not going in to its merits and demerits due my lack of knowledge in the subject area.
Unfortunately, the western world either rarely recognizes our merit, or does some intentional mediocre or shoddy job, or express their indifference and delinquency for political, lofty, and hauteur reasons, while our exalted and convicted folks try to exaggerate things of our greatness beyond boundaries. Somewhere there should be the reality and practical research and assessments. Say for instance, while our folks say 'Surya Siddhanta' is thousands of years old, the westerners date it to 400 CE! And Wikipedia is a platform to parrot the western and leftist propositions.
So the conservatives and the realistic people are lacking the platforms to express and furnish their findings and views.
I would rather see our temples as the centres for faith, art, civilization and science. Whatever temple we take, we find all these parameters. Unfortunately, all our architectures are dated to CE. Say Konark temple, Ellora Caves, Kailashnath temple, Mahabalipuram temples, Kanchi temples, Rani ki Vav, Shri Jagannath temple, Tanjavur temple, Chidambaram temple, Hoysala and Kakatiya temples, Arasavelli temple where the fall of Sun rays on the idol is determined based on solstice etc. And the all cant happen without Engineering knowledge!
I'm also amazed by the great pyramids dated to 3500 BC and they too cant happen without Engineering knowledge.
I'm also amazed how the Americas of Mayan culture constructed pyramids while they were considered alien till 15th Centuy! Did that civilization happen independent of Asia-Africa-Europe?
I'm also certain there should've been exchange of ideas between Greeks and Indians, otherwise, there cannot be same number of zodiac signs, days of the week, months of the year, planets, and similarities in other astronomical, astrological and perceived to be historical events!
I'm happy more independent scholars are putting their findings before public and I wish there happens a peer review without biases and prejudices.
I once again congratulate the scholar Prakash Chitre ji for all his sincere efforts!
Thank you very much for watching my ppt presentation and the subsequent interview as also for being interested enough to comment. May I offer a few explanations?
It is true that the western scholars used to denigrate ancient Indian astronomy. Either outright or they downplayed its significance. However, with the advent of reliable astronomical software it is possible for scholars to examine the innumerable astronomical observations and calculations made in a large number of our ancient treatises. A case in point is the Surya Siddhant which is a complex astronomical text. Among other astronomical issues, it also shows how to calculate the various motions of the planets, the Sun and various stars and constellations and has been found to be very precise.
It is also true that the West had dated it to circa 5th century CE. This is correct only so far as one of the updates in it is concerned but not the several other updates ie it does not apply to the entire text. It is important to note that there have been several updates to it over several thousand years. At least one of those updates is as ancient as 5,500 BCE ie 7,500 Before Present. I have touched upon the SS in some detail in my book “Our Intellectual Heritage”, extensively quoting the eminent present day scholars concerned, with due acknowledgement of their work.
It may also be noted that the Surya Siddhant is not the only ancient Indian treatise on astronomy, there are many others which are more than 3,000 or even 5,000 years old e.g. Vedang Jyotish and Shatpath Brahman. Besides, the ancient Indian Knowledge and the evidence for the same, which is what my book is all about, covers a very large number of subjects and not only astronomy and branches of mathematics. Such dates seem impossible to us only because we were incorrectly informed of our ancient knowledge, if at all.
The distant ancestors of all of us Indians irrespective of our ethnic backgrounds, were brilliant men and women and we have every right to be proud of them, as long as a) our pride is based on facts and b) we do not show any disrespect to any other civilisations.
Thank you.
You mentioned that Panini Rishi lived in 5th Century BCE. However, recently Yajnadevam has decoded the Indus script and found that it is all Sanskrit, with the sentences perfectly following Panini's grammar. Given that the oldest Indus script dates back to atleast 4000 BC, Panini must have been living atleast before 4000 BC.
I have not had the opportunity to look at the work of Shri Yajnavedam and what is the opinion of scholars about it. I am personally not qualified to comment on it. However, it is entirely true that the West have incorrectly dated our brilliant ancestors and their works and claimed them to be much more recent than they actually were. In view of such intentional incorrect dating, it is quite likely that Maharshi Panini flourished long before the 5th or 6th century BCE.
@@PrakashChitre-h6k Thank you very much for your reply, and clarification. I like to add that Shri Yajnadevam's decipherement is based on Shannon's information theory, and completely mathematical. I myself have a decent understanding of this, and it is proof-driven, like all mathematics. But having said this, the paper is still in the draft phase and it should be out soon for peer review, as per Yajnadevam. He mentioned in various interviews that the tablets have plently of `rudra' namas, vedic deities, instances from puranas, and complete grammatical (following Panini) sentences in Sanskrit !!
@@Someone-vg8fk One prays that Shri Yajnavedam ji has indeed correctly deciphered the script of the Sindhu Saraswati Civilisation. It can tell us so much about it. While we do know a great deal through our epics and various texts, there must be a lot more to know.
@@Someone-vg8fk One prays that Shri Yajnavedam ji has indeed correctly deciphered the script of the Sindhu Saraswati Civilisation. It can tell us so much about it. While we do know a great deal through our epics and various texts, there must be a lot more to know.
The Scripts of India
In ancient times there were two scripts in India - Bráhmii and Kharośt́i. These two scripts have been found on goat hides from the time of the first Muslim king. They date to pre-Muslim times, making them at least 1500 years old. Bráhmii was written from right to left and Kharośt́i from left to right. Late Kharośt́i died and Bráhmii bifurcated into two scripts - Sáradá, the script of the people northwest of Prayag (Allahabad), and Nárada, which was used in the southwest. These scripts were written from left to right like English. Prayag was the meeting point of Sáradá and Nárada. A third script developed and was known as Kut́ilá script. Since it was developed in Kaosambii, it was also known as Kaosambii script. It was also known as Sriiharśá script since the seal of Shrii Harśa [Harshavardan] was written in this script. It was popular in the east of Allahabad.
Nárada script was also known as Nágarii script due to the domination of Nágar Bráhmańas. After the Gupta period, the influence of Kányakubja Bráhmańas declined and that of the Nágar Bráhmańas increased, hence Nárada began to dominate Kut́ilá script. Previously, the scholars of Kashi wrote in Kut́ilá script, but later, due to the influence of the Nágar Bráhmańas, Kut́ilá disappeared and Nágarii took its position. Kut́ilá used to be the script of the entire eastern portion of India.
Ancient támralipi, or inscriptions written on copper, and shilálekhá, or edicts written on stone slabs, have been found in Kut́ilá script from the time of Harshavardhan, when Kut́ilá dominated. Nágarii came after the Gupta period. During the Mughal period the Kayasthas wrote their official records in a distorted form of Nágarii. Since the Kayasthas wrote in this script, it came to be known as Káyathii. It was popular in east Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Bhojpuri was written in this script. Of course, the official language of the Mughals was Urdu. There is no diphthong (yuktákśara) in Kayathii, which was used in the courts during the British period. Kayathii has a close proximity to Gujrati script, which used to be found over 70-80 years ago. When the United Provinces of Agra and Avadha was consolidated after the merger of Agra, Avadh and Ruhelkhand, Kayathii disappeared from the courts and Urdu took its place.
The Sáradá or Sárasvata script had three branches - Kashmirii Sáradá, used in Kashmir; Dogrii Sáradá, used in Dvigarta; and Punjabi Sáradá, used in Saptasindhu. Later Urdu was accepted in the Punjab and the Sikh Guru Arjuna Deva developed Guru-mukhi script, however Persian script was more popular. Punjabi contains more tadbhava Saḿskrta words which cannot be written properly in Persian script, so in Punjabi “school” and “station” are “sakool” and “sateshan” respectively. Later Lándei script developed as a distortion of Punjabi Sáradá, and the shopkeepers of the Punjab and Sind would write in it.
Ranabir Singh wanted to popularize Dogrii script in Jammu and Kashmir, which was a Hindu theocratic state. At that time only Brahmans and Sándhivigráhikas (Kayasthas) could be government ministers in Hindu theocratic states. Such a system, however, is not proper, as the state is for all citizens equally. The Brahmans in Jammu and Kashmir favoured Kashmirii Sáradá and were more familiar with Persian script, and due to their influence Dogrii script was not accepted.
Assamese and Bengali horoscopes and books were both written in Sriiharśa script, while in Mithila horoscopes were written in Sriiharśa and books in Nágarii. In Kashmir, horoscopes were written in Sárada. In the Punjab, during ancient times, horoscopes and books were written in Punjabi Sárada, that is, Saptasindhu Sárada, while today horoscopes are written in Punjabi Sáradá and books in Gurumukhii script.
Oriya script used to be written on palm leaves with iron pens. To avoid tearing the leaves, it was written in rounded letters. Bengali, however, was written in angular letters. But on shilálekhá, or edicts written on stone slabs, both scripts are written in an angular style because stone is not easily damaged. Oriya was written in Sriharsh script in circular style or Utkal style, and Sriharsh script was written in angular style or Gaoriiya style.
Sáradá denotes intellect or intellectuality. The script used by the intellectuals of Kashmir was called “Sáradá script”. When the Vedas were first composed, they were passed down from guru to disciple through memorization because script had not yet been invented and so no written record of them could be made. The Vedas are also called “Shruti.” (During the time of the Rgveda there was no script). It became a dogma not to write down the Vedas, and a great portion of the Vedas were lost due to this dogma. Out of nearly one hundred rks, most were lost. The scholars of Kashmir were the first ones to write the Vedas down despite the dogma, and they wrote them in Sáradá script. They wrote the Atharvaveda.(2)
Nárada was the script used in the southwest of Allahabad up to the Gulf of Kachh, north of Bombay. It was invented by the Nágar Bráhmańas of Gujarat, therefore it is also called Nágarii script. Nágarii script derived its name from the Nágar Bráhmańas. These Brahmans started writing Saḿskrta, that is, Devabháśá, in Nágarii, so this script was called “Devanágarii”. Thus Devanagari script came from Gujarat and not from Uttar Pradesh. Gujarati is written in a simple way without a line over the letters. When Saḿskrta was written in this script, lines were also drawn over the letters. This script came to be known as Devanagari script, a specific type of Nágarii.
Kut́ilá is the script used in the east of Allahabad. Since complicated diphthongs were used in this script, it was called “Kut́ilá”. Kut́ila means “complicated”. During the days of King Ashoka, Kut́ilá was the popular script but stone edicts were written in Bráhmii script. After the Gupta period and up to the Pathan invasion of India, the influence of Kányakubja and Saryupáriin Bráhmańas decreased and their position was taken over by the Nagar Bráhmańas of Gujarat. Nágar Bráhmańas were dominant in Varanasi. Consequently, Kut́ilá became less dominant and Devanagari took over its position. Varanasi accepted Devanagari as its script. Some British scholars learnt Saḿskrta in Devanagari when the British came to India. The German scholar Max Mueller also used Devanagari script for writing Saḿskrta. Devanagari became the script of Saḿskrta in this [era], though Saḿskrta has no special script of its own. It is written in several scripts. Paesháchii and Paśhcátya Prákrta abounded in tadbhava or distorted Saḿskrta words. In ancient times human beings wandered like nomads and gypsies. Later they settled down permanently in villages. In Vedic Saḿskrta the word anna is used for staple food and pińd́a for any food. The place where people took food was known as pińd́a + ik = pińd́ik. In Paesháchii Prákrta it became pińd́a. Today in Punjabi pińd́a means “village.” Punjabi contains a lot of tadbhava Saḿskrta words.
There are three scripts in Bhojpuri: Nágarii script is used in the west of Allahabad. Max Mueller wrote the Vedas in Nágarii script which came to be known as Devanagari 800 years ago. Sáradá script is used in the northwest of Allahabad and is 1300 years old. Kut́ilá script is used in the east of Allahabad. It is the script for Oriya, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Angika, etc. Bengali is 1100 years old.
The mother tongue of Krśńa was Shaorasenii Prákrta. Later on Vrajabháśá emerged from Shaorasenii Prákrta, and is spoken in the west of Allahabad. Raskhan (a Muslim poet), Rahim and Surdas were the poets of Prákrta. The Agrawalas of Vraja belong to the Vraja area and are not Marwaris. The Muslims of Allahabad speak the Avadhi language. Only the Shiites speak Urdu.
-Shri P R Sarkar
Source: A Scriptological and Linguistic Survey of the World
Published in: Discourses on Neohumanist Education
Inception and Evolution of Vedas
The oldest portion of the Vedas, that is, the Rgveda, was composed outside India. The remaining portions, that is, the Yajurveda and Atharvaveda, were partly Indian and partly non-Indian. Sámaveda is not a separate Veda by itself but is the compilation of the lyrical and musical portions of the different Vedas. So only the Rgveda can be regarded as an ancient relic of the non-Indian Aryan civilization. The Yajurveda was composed in Iran, Afghanistan, northwest India and certain parts of what is modern Russia [the former Soviet Union], so it cannot be called entirely non-Indian, particularly since Afghanistan (Gándhár) and certain parts of Russia were regarded as part of India at that time.
The original Rgvedic civilization belonged, in spirit and language, to the non-Indian Aryans. However, the Yajurveda was composed by a particular branch of the Vedic Aryans who, when the Aryans later began to spread out in search of food (especially wheat), migrated to India via Iran (Áryańya Vraja) and Afghanistan. When we say “Indo-Aryan civilization”, we basically mean the civilization of these people.
These nomadic Aryans, on coming in contact with the different groups of people of Iran, Afghanistan and northwest India, took up farming and developed the techniques of strategic warfare. The impact of this new mindset bred in them, to some extent, a refined intelligence.
In the beginning, during the Rgvedic era, the cattle-rearing Aryans were only acquainted with barley and a few other crops. After they came to the present Iran, they learned to cultivate wheat and, to some extent, rice. The more they progressed on their march, the more they came to realize the importance of growing different crops. Still, their staple was generally barley.
They learned wheat cultivation from the Asuras, the indigenous natives of Iran. Though they became acquainted with paddy, or briihi (briihi → riihi → rihi → risi → “rice”, as in modern English), they did not cultivate it extensively. They learned the use of boiled rice in India.
The Yajurvedic Era saw the all-round development of these people, and the resultant development of the Brahmaváda of the Yajurveda - the doctrine of monotheism. During this era not only was there a noticeable intellectual development among the general masses of the Aryans; among the munis [intellectuals or seers] and the rśis, philosophy and spirituality also attained a brilliant height of expression. The Brahmaváda of the Yajurveda was a lot deeper and clearer than that of the Rgveda.
The Atharvaveda was initially composed in India. During the composition of this Veda, the Aryans came in close contact with the non-Aryans, resulting in an exchange of thought between the two. The Tantra of the non-Aryans had a marked influence on the Atharvaveda.
Being non-Aryan, the Atharvaveda cannot be regarded as a representation of Aryan civilization. In the subtle philosophy of the Atharvaveda, particularly of the Nrsiḿha Tápańiiya Shruti [Upanishads], there is a far greater influence of the non-Aryan Tantra than of the Aryan Veda.
The migrating Aryans first settled in the hilly valleys of northern India. Although there was not much intermixture of blood between the Aryans and the inhabitants of this area, the Aryans were greatly influenced by non-Aryan culture. The Aryans settled down in this area, which was known as Kash (or Khash) after defeating its ancient non-Aryan inhabitants. Using the original name, Kash, they renamed the area “Kashmeru” or “Kashmiira” [Kashmir]. Although the Aryans of Kashmiira did not give up their Vedic study, in the spiritual field they did cultivate the indigenous Indian Tantra.
As the southern part of Kashmiira was littered with pebbles resembling the jambu fruit [Eugenia jambolana Lam], the Aryans named it “Jambu Dviipa” (modern Jammu). Subsequently, Jambu Dviipa came to mean the whole of India. Possibly in the sandy beds of the many rivers that transect Jambu Dviipa they discovered gold for the first time, and so gold came to be known as jámbunada. When still later they settled throughout the entire land of India, they realized that it was ideal not only for habitation, but also for self-development. Thus they named it “Bháratavarśa”. Bhara means “that which feeds”; ta means “that which gives”, or “that which helps in the process of expansion”; and varśa means “a vast stretch of land”. Thus, bháratavarśa means “a vast expanse of land which helps in the all-round development of its inhabitants”.
-Shrii Shrii A'nandamurtiji
Source: Tantra and Indo-Aryan Civilization
Published in:
* Discourses on Tantra Volume One [a compilation]
The metamorphosed form of the ancient Bráhmii script is the Shriiharśa script. It was named Shriiharśa after King Harshavardhan, since a seal in his handwriting that was discovered, was written in this script. This Shriiharśa script was the script of the whole of eastern India (Allahabad and the regions to the east). Manipuri (Mithei and Viśeńpurii), Assamese, Bengali, Maethilii and the like are written in this script, though with local variations, of course. Languages such as Angika, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Nagpuri and Chattrishgarhi also use this script. But those peopleʼs mother tongues having been suppressed for a long time, their mother script is unfamiliar to them. The script of Oriya also is this Shriiharśa script. The characters in the Shriiharśa script are basically angular. In Orissa it was the custom to write on palmyra leaves with an iron kitchen implement, but writing the angular characters in this way with that iron implement, the palmyra leaves were likely to be damaged. Thus the practice was introduced of avoiding angles and writing in a circular way. Hence the present Oriya script is nothing but the Shriiharśa script, avoiding angles.
As Shriiharśa is one of the ancient scripts of India, Sanskrit has been written in this script since ancient times, and most ancient books in Sanskrit were written in this script. The Devanagari script came much later. The deed of gift written in the Sanskrit language by King Chandravarma of Shushunia Hill, Ráŕh, was written in Shriiharśa script, and that Shushuniyá script is the most ancient example of Bengali script.(1) From this perspective, Shushunia Hill may be regarded by scholars and litterateurs as a sort of tiirtha [sacred place]. Such inscriptions carved in stone in ancient Bengali script are available in Jaida of Singhbhum District and Chiyada of Bankura District. If searches are carried out, such will be found in many more places. Some think that Devanagari is the script of Sanskrit, but this idea is totally wrong. Sanskrit has no script of its own. The Shriiharśa script is much older than Devanagari, and it facilitates swift writing (as one can write for a long time without raising oneʼs hand).
1981, Kolkata
Footnotes
[1] The Shushuniyá script is 1100 years old. In 1984, a few years after writing the above, the author himself discovered some older scripts at Bhula-Pavanpur village under Patamda Police Station, Bangurdá village under Kamalpur Police Station, and at Jaida village under Chandil Police Station, all within East Singhbhum and Seraikela Districts. The author opined that these scripts must date back 1700 years or more, clearly indicating that they are older than the Shushunia script. The author named this script Dálmá script, because the river basins where they were available (as mentioned above) are surrounded by the Dálmá Hills in western Ráŕh. (See Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Varńa Vicitrá Part 2.) -Trans.
Shrii P R Sarkar
Source: Ráŕh - 20. The Script of Ráŕh
Published in: Ráŕh: The Cradle of Civilization
I must admit Dinesh ji that I am very impressed by your knowledge of the various scripts in India. This does not seem to be in the realm of common knowledge. I do hope that the others who have seen or will see my PowerPoint Presentation will read your replies in full, just as I did. Thank you. 🙏🙏
@@PrakashChitre-h6k - I am simply sharing the thoughts and commentaries of my beloved teacher and mentor Shri Sarkarji who passed away in the later part of 1990. Dear Prakash ji I would encourage you to check out his published works , which you may find extremely interesting for your own research . Thank you for your kind words. Namaskarji.
Renaming the Indus and Harappan Civilizations as the Sarasvati River Civilization seems to be an attempt to link this ancient civilization with Vedic influences and stamp. However, when did this river come to be known as the Sarasvati? So far, there is little archaeological evidence supporting a direct Vedic or cultural connection. In fact, recent discoveries, especially in the South-spanning Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka-suggest a strong Dravidian link, possibly influenced by Shaiva Tantric traditions. This points toward a more complex history, perhaps reflecting an early blending of Dravidian and perhaps Aryan arrival during the initial stages. They may have brought Vedic knowledge and culture. This migration probably were Persia and Afghanistan. Script was put on paper only 3,500 years ago. The script was probably the first pictoral script of Dravidian origin. Contemporarily the Chinese were probably the first to have invented chinese pictoral script around 6,000 years ago. Shrii P R Sarkar states that script was invented in the Indus Valley around 6,000 years ago.
I must say that i beg to disagree with you about the Aryans. I have devoted one full chapter to this theory (?) in my book "Our Intellectual Heritage", which so called theory was imposed on us by the British in the 18th century, quite without any evidence. I cannot go into the details here. Too long.
@@PrakashChitre-h6k I am a very patriotic Indian and love my Bharat. Yet I have to say that We keep on blaming the British for pushing this Aryan Invasion myth. I am afraid that Shrii P R Sarkar my mentor and teacher from I quoted from disagrees with the theory that there never was any Aryan migration, invasion, call it what you like. We Indians, aside from Sarkarji's comments and observations, are the most blended race of people ( Austric, Dravidians, Mongolians and Caucasians ) over period of 10,000 years. There should be more scientific research and evidence to prove any theory. So I am keeping my mind open and let's wait and see what the future will provide. Having said all this it will eventually be proven that our Indian civilisation was, is and will become the beacon of light for the world in all three spheres ( physical,mental and spiritual) and lead humanity towards the Satya Yuga.
When did english become the local language of tamilnadu- I thought Tamil is the local language🤨 The sacredness of Brihadeshwara temple is sought to be reduced by calling it big temple or perhaps in the near future this is the way of setting up the cross by the double-crossing people of tamilnadu
My most sincere apologies, Ms. Indrani Dutta, for using the term "local language" in my presentation. I am conscious of it that I ought to have said "in Tamil".
I assure you that it was a slip of the tongue and nothing more.
In fact, if you read my book, or even watch the presentation fully, you will understand the immense pride I feel for the ancestry of all us Indians, which covers the whole of India and not just one or two parts of it.
Coming to Tamil Nadu, to mention just a few examples, do read what I have written about the knowledge of acoustics as reflected in the musical pillars in as many as 25 temples in the South, including many in Tamil Nadu itself. Or, read about the discovery of an anomaly underwater off the coast of Poompuhar in Tamil Nadu, which, the Geological Remote Sensing Scientists feel must be a well designed harbour, constructed over 10,000 years ago. This reflects their knowledge of civil engineering, harbour construction and ship building.
I hope I have cleared my position. 🙏🏼
It was just a minor aberration in his flow of speech and a misnomer. But of course yes, these days, 'English' is the local language of TN promoted through political reasons in their hatred towards Hindi and Sanskrit as a linking language!
It all started with love towards the mother tongue 'Tamil' --> metamorphosed into 'admiration' --> metamorphosed into 'pride' --> metamorphosed into 'esteem' --> metamorphosed into 'vanity' --> metamorphosed into 'narcissism' --> metamorphosed into 'pomposity' --> metamorphosed into 'imperiousness' --> metamorphosed into 'condescension' --> metamorphosed into 'snobbery' --> metamorphosed into 'radical thinking' --> metamorphosed into 'fanaticism' --> metamorphosed into 'hatred towards other languages' --> about to metamorphose into 'extremism'.
I say this as one of the admirers of the Tamil language.
🙏🙏🚩🕉️🛕🕉️🚩🟠🟠🙏🙏
Aap ye bar bar Indian ,Indian mat boliye.. ""Bhartiy""🇮🇳 "'भारतीय""🇮🇳
बोलिये.
जय शिवराय...🚩🚩🚩
The Greatest Saviour of Bhartiya Sanatan Hindu Dharma Sabhyata ( Civilization ) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ki Jay...🚩🚩🚩
जय जिजाऊ...🚩🚩🚩
जय शिवराय...🚩🚩🚩
जय शंभूराजे...🚩🚩🚩
🇮🇳🇮🇳Bharat Mata ki Jay..🇮🇳🇮🇳
Jay Hind..🇮🇳🇮🇳Jay Bharat..🇮🇳🇮🇳
Jay Sanatan Hindu Rashtra...🚩🚩🚩