History of the Phoenician City of Tyre from the Bronze Age to the Age of Alexander
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In this video we will take a quick look at the fascinating history of the ancient Canaanite-Phoenician city of Tyre from the Bronze Age to just before its annexation into the Roman Empire.
Contents:
00:00 Intro
01:55 Egypt, Amarna Letters and Late Bronze Age
05:58 Early Iron Age
06:40 On and Off Again with Assyria
11:40 Nebuchadnezzar II and Neo-Babylonian Period
12:15 Achaemenid Period
13:21 Along Came Alexander
15:16 Thank You and Patrons
Related Videos:
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• History of the Phoenic...
How did the Phoenicians Survive the Late Bronze Age Collapse and Build their Commercial Empire?
• How did the Phoenician...
Who were the Phoenicians? A Quick Look at Phoenician History
• Who were the Phoenicia...
Sources and Suggested Reading ► bit.ly/3eTmG5k
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Music:
Epidemic Sound
English
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Spanish
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#Phoenician #ancienthistory #DubbedWithAloud
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There’s so much history in the near east it almost makes me Tyred…
Your right..it's so Tyring
Was that a pun, I cedar?
@@steamedwatermelon2165 well, they were PUNic…
stop it 😂
Womp womp
As someone born and raised in Tyre, which we call Sour in the local language, i appreciate your work so much!
Sometimes i walk around the old ruins of Tyre and look at people around walking and not realizing what they are standing next to!
Nowadays Tyre is a peninsula and not island anymore. As far I understand it was precisely because of the bridge Alexander built. It changes the sediment deposition pattern and expanded the bridge. Fascinating stuff
Yeah, I saw that when looking at it in Google maps...would love to visit one day, so much medieval history there too! Hope all is well with you and thanks so much for watching and continuing to support the channel!
“I will show you that you are apart of the mainland!”
Yes, I recently learned of this. *Talk about "leaving an impression".* - Alexander, the "Aggressor"
(can't bring myself to accept the title as it is attributed to his campaigns of War, his Great can definitely be found in his Higher Minded efforts, aka "the Library"), (what he allowed in Persia, tarnished his triumph).
Wait, is that not included in this documentary? I'm just starting it, and barely feel like it's worth finishing if it's not going to cover such an important detail. Essentially, Tyre's safety as an island was a key component in the ability of the Phoenician movement to survive so much Mediterranean upheaval. Alexander, destroying Tyre, broke the core of the culture. That led to Carthage, the largest remaining Phoenician center, to poorly carry on until its more aggressive attitudes got it conquered by Rome.
If not for the destruction of Tyre, the Phoenician culture may have survived.
Not acceptable to overlook that part.
@KAZVorpal good point. Worth the watch, you seem like prick
Cy to add to your excellent report The Tyrians refused Alexander’s bid to sacrifice in the main citadel because symbolically that would mean he had true dominion over the city (ancient superstition/tradition ) instead offering him the temple in the old Tyre. It wasn’t exactly Herakles either it was Melkart the supposed Phoenician equivalent. Great video!!
I’m pretty sure that causeway remains to this day, expanded upon slowly over time, turning the island into a peninsula.
It's insane to me how much ancient writing we have. I want to read it all.
You’ll need to join the very select group of people who can read cuneiform. Thousands of tablets in museums have yet to be read or even examined.
I recently was reading Ezekiel and came across the Lord's destruction of, thanks for the docu coverage, just rapping my head around it looking for possible consistency
Phoenicia is the old Lebanon. I visited more than 80 countries and Lebanon is one of the top 3 most beautiful countries I ever visited.
Lebanon, Sarajevo, and Abkhazia were some of the most beautiful places I’ve ever seen. It’s a shame all the constant strife over those beautiful places. Cheers
I was listening to the History of Egypt podcast today, and it was heavily focused on the letters from the governor of the city of Byblos, Rib-Hadda, who was constantly petitioning the king of Egypt for aid against a rebellious vassal, Abdi-Ashirta & sons, but was (seemingly) often ignored. Felt really bad for the guy...
Great vid as usual. Byblos in the future I hope? :D
Thanks! Yes, will definitely do Byblos and read some of those letters between the pharaoh and Rib-Hadda, also might do something on Abdi-Ashirta and Aziru, more when I get to the New Kingdom of Egypt which should be later on this year. Thanks for watching and stay tuned!
Yes, people often talk of Egypt having an "Empire", but their xenophobia meant it was more of a hegemony and Egypt didn't give a toss what happened there so long as the tribute kept coming.
I find it amazing, with how fast Alexander III generally was with his conquests, how long they managed to hold him off and delay his army.
I’ve been looking forward to this. Trying to work out a story involving Agenor and his rise to kingship following both the myths and history. Not always easy.
Keep up the good work, Cy
My pleasure, thanks for watching and stay tuned for more!
Citium (Citium) is the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek name Kition (Κιτιον), which is itself the Hellenised form of a Phoenician name attested in the forms 𐤊𐤕 (kt) and 𐤊𐤕𐤉 (kty), among the names of other Cypriot cities, and considered to refer to Kition. The town with the name Kittim in the bible, used by the Hebrews to designate all of Cyprus and even lands further west.
Literary evidence suggests an early Phoenician presence also at Kition which was under Tyrian rule at the beginning of the 10th century BC. Some Phoenician merchants who were believed to come from Tyre colonized the area and expanded the political influence of Kition. After c. 850 BC the sanctuaries [at the Kathari site] were rebuilt and reused by the Phoenicians."
Ptolemy I conquered Cyprus in 312 BC and killed Poumyathon, the Phoenician king of Kition, and burned the temples. Shortly afterwards the Cypriot city-kingdoms were dissolved and the Phoenician dynasty of Kition was abolished.
basically every fertile crescent region city: long history of defending against/losing/bargaining/becoming vassals to egyptians/assyrians/babylonians/persians until: "the city then was hellenised and lost it's identity before it was taken by romans."
This is another great video Cy! Excellent work, as per usual. Ancient Levantine cities are always fascinating to learn about. I'd love to see you cover more!
Thanks and will do! Byblos is the next one, hope to have that out in the next month or two. Thanks for watching!
Just love the way that Cy reads the Ancient Texts! Sure would enjoy endlessly...
Maybe even reading from Hammurabi, Ashurbanipal - just a few of the possibilities?
Another great video. Thank you!
Nice!
More videos on Phoenicians!
Thanks! Yes, at least one more Phoenician city on the way... Byblos! Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy
If so, wonderful!
Good stuff! Thank you for putting this together.
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Thanks for the content!
Thank you, it's about time. Greatly appreciated
My pleasure, thanks for watching, really appreciate it and more on the way, stay tuned!
Thank you for putting this together
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Thank you for new video!
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Your vids are always so well researched and presented. Thanks for putting forth so much effort. I hope you are making a lot of money.
I read that as "Your kids". Instead of Your vids. Not enough coffee yet. :)
My pleasure, thanks for watching! It has it's ups and downs, some months are good, others, not so much. Summer is slow but things pick November and December. Thanks for the support!
Another History with Cy video! I am here for it! haha. I find pre-Peloponnesian war history is what catches my attention the most. Probably because the lack of remaining records leaves so much for want.
Another awesome video. Would love to see the series continue with Byblos, Arados and eventually Cartaghe!
Thanks buddy, will do! Byblos for sure and one day the history of Carthage, but before that have to cover Alexander and the diadochi. Thanks for watching and the support!
Very interesting, as always! 😎🙏🙌
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent Episode
Thank you!
this timeline is very intriguing to me, good video
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!
👏👏👏👏👏👏 when I read the bible about the war between Yah and Baal this is what comes to mind. Finally someone got it right.
The Phoenicians are very interesting thank you for this.
2nd
@Black Lesbian Poet source?
My pleasure, thanks for watching and stay tuned for more!
They are the descendants of the Lebanese. Beautiful gorgeous country.
2 videos this week young man you are spoiling us and really enjoy your work
Haha thanks, trying to do my best. Lot's more on the way, some longer ones in the works so I don't know if it'll be every week but hopefully the length and quality will make up for the quantity. Thanks for watching!
I just found your channel, you just earned another subscriber!
Welcome and thanks so much for stopping by. Hope you enjoy the content...lots more in store, stay tuned!
I just watched, very impressive!😮😍
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it! Looking forward to seeing your video on Hatshepsut this weekend!
Phoenician city series!! Let’s go!
For sure, will do Byblos in the near future...thanks for watching!
I’ll never get Tyred of watching your videos!
Bro tryna steal my joke…
Guess I better Axum it was an accident….
@@iexist3919 dude Ur crazy!
@@joeshmoe8345 🤣🤣🤣
🤣🤣🤣Thanks and rest Ashured, there's lots more on the way!
Never get tired about hearing about Tyre. I'll see myself out.
Thanks for portuguese audio
Valeu!
Wherever the Greeks invaded, death, destruction and total annihilation followed.
The Hellenistic Era is one of the worst and darkest eras in human history. On the same level as the Mongol invasions.
Excellent, I've always been curious about the other near eastern areas that aren't Israelites
Eeeey the lord of the east and west- king of the winds, the most high of the historical YT sphere has returned with more 🔥
Thanks Cy!
Thanks buddy, really appreciate the continued support... all hail Sobek, Lord of the Four Corners, Pharaoh of the Two Lands of Upper and Lower Egypt!
More History with Cy? My cup overfloweth!
Also, is your full name Cyrus? I might be remembering correctly that you mentioned you were Zoroastrian
Yup, name is Cyrus and I am Zoroastrian. Haha there will be a lot of both in 2023 as that will be the year on this channel for Achaemenid history. Stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Byblos and Acre video pls
Byblos soon for sure, Acre maybe later on towards the Middle Ages. Thanks for the suggestions and for watching!
Great! Can I repost your videos on another platform?
Hi, thanks for watching. Actually, please don't repost them anywhere else. As TH-cam is free, they are accessible to everyone here in one place and I'd like to keep it that way. I hope that you understand. Thanks!
@@HistorywithCy
No problem, I understand.
Thank you for your reply. Have a good day.
@@emmaemma2874 Thanks, you too!
Cy could you talk one day about the coinage that were used by the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanians?
Ukraine is a globalist money laundering bioweapon factory.
One day for sure, yes! Thanks for watching!
I never Tyre of hearing about this city!
Boooo
🤣🤣🤣 love it! UR great and more on the way, rest ASHURed. Ok, that was my attempt at a pun, I'll stop now. But seriously, thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
The Phoenicians are back! Yes! And it's the big kahuna to boot!
Haha.... thanks for watching, really appreciate it and lots more on the way, stay tuned!
I'm Lebanese and I'm not black.
Cities with names like Tyre, Tyrios, Tyrias, Troas, Troy were founded by western pre Iranian TIRAS folks also known as Tyir, TyrNanGog, Astures, Sharatini, Saturni, Raeatea, Rhaetians, Thraxians, Thrace from 4300?-1200bc. Invaded in 3400bc by TUBAL folks and in 1100-500bc by CANAAN folks.
Mad Alexander shows no mercy
WHY CANT WE HAVE PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST? - humanity for the last 7000 years…
will watch this 150x like i did the other videos. XD
Thanks my friend, really glad you continue to enjoy these... motivates me to put out more for you all. Seriously, makes my day!
Seriously, you and this short list of TH-cam documentary podcasters, make THE BEST HISTORY LEARNING CONTENT, screw all books and classes. Just watch your content 150x till you know it. It what i been doing with so many documentaries for years to actually learn. Its a very short list of high quality history podcasters( is that a word?).
But your videos is just STRAIGHT LEARNING, FACT BY FACT BY FACT... And you are killin' it. Too bad not many of my friends are huge nerds like me. Well done, you're amazing, you have brought great insight into my life, and i trust you, and give you responsibility to five me the facts not sum shrub shrub. I entrust you with that. I wish you the best.
oh, you are gonna talk about all the important Canaanite cities?
That's freaking dope!
Will you talk about the city of Jericho and Moab too?
About Moab...
I am still confused about its identity.
On one hand it's obviously a Canaanite city with clear sign of canaanite beliefs and culture.
However, the Israelites called them canaanite sometimes and sometimes they didn't.
In the book of Joshua the Moabites are left alone during the conquest and their land is "called land of Moab", presenting it as a separate land from Canaan, even tho they are clearly canaanites, a big canaanite state, yes, possibly a small empire, but canaanite none the less...
It's confusing.
I know that Canaanite is a rather deceptive word, cause they were never a unified people.
But still, it's like if the persians called most of Greece and greek citystates "Greece", but called Athen "the Athenian state", making it separate from the rest of Greece in their literature out of nowere.
It's just... weird...
Yes, will definitely talk more about Canaanite cities, Byblos will be the next one. As for Jericho and Moab, that's a good question. I think (and I could be wrong) but a lot of speakers of western Semitic languages in ancient times get lumped together as Canaanites. I think in the case of Moab, it could be considered a Canaanite state/people since I know that their language was just another dialect of Canaanite, not something different like Akkadian. I personally would classify Moabites as one of the several Canaanite peoples, but to be sure probably want to confer with a specialist in the field.
Hope all else is well on your end and thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy
Thank you for making this video
I have to say, I strongly prefer your voice.
👍👍👍
Thanks!
Original merchants of Tyedye.
For the Algorithm.... AND THE PHOENICIANS!!
Thanks so much, appreciate the support! More on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Wouldn't 'king baal' mean
'king lord' ?
I believe baal is the name of one of the gds they believed in. Baal does mean owner in Hebrew
The King of Tyre was the ruler of Tyre, the ancient Phoenician city in what is now Lebanon.
Late Bronze Age rulers
Abi-Milku c. 1350-1335 BC
Mayor/Ruler of Tyre during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence (1350-1335 BC)
Aribas fl. c. 1230
Baal-Termeg (or Baalat-Remeg) c. 1220
Baal c. 1193
Pummay c.1163-1125
Kings of the Sidonians (with Tyre as capital), 990-785 BC
Abibaal 993-981 BC
His beginning date is conjectural.
Hiram I 980-947 BC
Contemporary of David and Solomon
Baal-Eser I
(Balazeros I,
Ba‘l-mazzer I)946-930 BC
Abdastartus
(‘Abd-‘Astart)929-921 BC
Astartus
(‘Ashtart)920-901 BC
Killed predecessor. First of 4 brothers to reign.
Deleastartus
(Dalay-‘Ashtart)900-889 BC
Astarymus
(‘Ashtar-rom)888-880 BC
Phelles
(Pilles)879 BC
Last of the 4 brothers
Ithobaal I
(Ethbaal I)878-847 BC
Killed predecessor. Father of Biblical Jezebel.
Baal-Eser II
(Balazeros II,
Ba‘l-mazzer II)846-841 BC
Paid tribute to Shalmaneser III in 841 BC
Mattan I840-832 BC
Father of Pygmalion and DidoPygmalion
(Pummay)831-785 BC
Dido fled from Pygmalion and founded Carthage during his reign.
Assyrian ascendancy: 8th and 7th centuries BC
The Neo-Assyrian Empire established its control over the area and ruled through vassals who are named in Assyrian records.
Ithobaal II
(Tuba‘il)750-739 BC
Name found only on Iran Stele of Tiglath-Pileser III.
Gave tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III.
Hiram II739-730 BC
Also paid tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III
Mattan II730-729 BC
Elulaios
(Luli)729-694 BC
Abd Melqart694-680 BC
Baal I680-660 BC
Post-Assyrian period
Menander's Tyrian king list also described the period from Ithobaal III through Hiram III. Tyre regained independence with Assyria's demise, although Egypt controlled Tyre during some of the time afterwards. Eventually, Tyre fell under the control of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
missing-592 BC
Ithobaal III
(Ethbaal III)591-573 BCThis is the king mentioned in Ezekiel 28:2 at the time of the fall of Jerusalem. Carthage became independent of Tyre in 574 BC.
Under control of Babylon 573-539 BC
Baal II573-564 BC
Yakinbaal564 BC
Shoftim of Tyre
In the 560s the monarchy was overthrown and an oligarchic government established, headed by "judges" or shoftim (cf. Carthage). The monarchy was restored with the ascension of Hiram III to the throne.
Chelbes564-563 BC
Abbar563-562 BC
Mattan III and
Ger Ashthari562-556 BC
Baal-Eser III556-555 BC
Hiram III551-532 BC
Do you know the land called manali from Tamilnadu, india,
Sennacherib's new demands made them tyred of it and rebel.
🤣🤣🤣 that's a good one! Thanks for watching, Ur great! Lots more on the way, rest Ashured!
@@HistorywithCy you was even better . Haha
all people of the levant were one people called the aramaic
So disappointed the inventor of the wheel didn't come from Tyre.
🤣🤣🤣 love that one... man, y'all got some great jokes in this comments section lol. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
Imagine your city is destroyed because some self righteous priest wouldn't let somebody honor one of their Gods.
Hadda from reno
Still nothing on Chaldeans ? come on we had Nebuchadnezzar , Nabupolossar, Belshazzr, Marduk Baladan, Amel Marduk, Marduk apla addina II ! Hammurabi, We created astrology as well. we had skirmish’s with the Assyrians, Ahsurbanipals library was mostly books on Chaldean Astronomy astrology and religious texts and all that.
I never tyre of these
🤣🤣🤣 love it! Thanks for watching!
🙃
Thank you!
Great exposition, but no mention of any connection with neighbours like Syria, Israel and Judah, just the empires. Wasn't Ahab's wife Jezebel supposed to be a Tyrian Princess and King David's palace and Solomons Temple were both claimed to be built with the help of Tyre?
1st
2nd
Think Alexander sacked Tyre because of all the puns?
Lucky , Israelis did not get their dirty hands on Tyre
I support a Middle East that accepts non Arab and non Muslim culture.
Reason: in its inception, the area was diverse. Most non diverse societies in the region are nothing to brag about.
I’m Christian Lebanese and we are not Arabs. We are the descendants of the Phoenicians.
Greedy and arrogant kingsmen...slaves will always break out of tyranny. The kings are dead. Long live the people...long and properous.
BUCKLE UP 👈🏾👀🤔
BUTTERCUP 👈🏾👀😘
Why is this not narrated in English but in Brazilian Portuguese?
Hi! Oh, I think if you're in Brazil it seem to be defaulting to the Portuguese dub. If you go to the "Settings" gear icon, you can change it back to English. TH-cam is testing that feature and based on your location it seems to be defaulting to either Portuguese, Spanish or some other language. Let me know if that works and thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy Lol i’m not in Brazil i’m in the UK i’ve not done anything to the settings but i will have a look on how to change it back.
@@HistorywithCy Just checked the settings and they are all in English so this is not the case for me why the language has changed
I don’t think its the video but YT. It’s in English for me.
@@CJBroonie I fixed it!!
every "history" video is just the wars
That spinning background is horrible
Yeah I liked the dish and thought I'd try something new, but I can see how it could give one a headache. Thanks for the feedback and for watching!
@@HistorywithCy I too like the dish. What object is it
I wonder the true nature of the Phoenician cities to each other.
Akre,Dor now Israheli control,with nabatean negev desert arab land
Alexander the not so great strikes again.
BCE not BC
Either one works.
I love how thick modern historians are today. It shouldn't take six years of 'mandarin school' to figure out the obvious:
- The Phoenicians, as claimed by contemporaries like Herodotus, flourished due to early control of shipping, but also by piracy and the monopolization of religious, trading, and governmental powers under one trading network through her colonies, like some proto-Hanseatic League. They were sailing the 'high-seas' while the Gyppos were still figuring out how to float a dingy down the Nile.
- All the Sea Peoples origins have links to Phoenician colonizers. The Sherdan with their horned helmets and solar disks (think Ba'al/El). Thebes, Argos, and Mycenae all have founding links to Phoenicia. Crete/Minos was so obviously founded by Phoenicians the historians have to be getting paid off at this point to ignore this. At least they admit Cadmus was Phoenician.
- Then these mysterious "Sea Peoples" go around and sack the entire world, EXCEPT for all these Phoenician trading cities and colonies abroad. The Egyptians have a special relationship with the Phoenicians, since they were the ones supplying the cedarwood for Egyptian temples, hence they are spared.
- Immediately after this, the Phoenicians start their Golden Age. Meanwhile their cousins, the Israelites, are founding their 12 tribes and securing the Phoenician hinterland, sporting similar names that the Egyptians were calling the Sea Peoples. Wesh-ash (Tribe of Asher), Dan-yen (Tribe of Dan).
...
..
- " BUT WHO WERE THE SEA PEOPLES?!"
*facepalm*
Came upon this because I was studying about it in the bible. Tyre is mentioned in the old and new testament. Thìs shows you how accurate the BIBLE is! The bible tells you what would happen to Tyre. Jesus himself quoted Tyre. Did not see the connection. You lost me!!!!
👍👍👍
Thanks!