CLIPPERS + LIMITERS = MEGA LOUD !
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
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OK, no one explains the difference correctly, so I'll do it here. Imagine we have a 44.1KHz, 16-bit PCM digital audio format for export. Each of the 44,100 samples per second (one stream for left and one for right) has a value between -32768 to 32767 (signed, twos-complement 16-bit binary). But, our DAW uses 32-bit or 64-bit floating-point internally, so there are values allowed outside this range (that's why you can go into the red on your individual and even master tracks all over the place but not distort). In the final PCM file, however, such values aren't allowed. What do we do with values outside this range (from -96db to 0db, 6db per bit)? A clipper simply takes anything less than -32768 and makes it -32768; it takes anything greater than 32767 and makes it 32767. That is, a clipper *throws aways* information. This has the effect of saturation or distortion depending on how far out of range the sample values are. A limiter, in contrast, *scales* out-of-range values by multiplying by a value less than 1.0. Now, how this clipping and limiting is actually done is where the differences in individual clippers and limiters comes in (the more clever they are, usually the better, but cleverness induces latency). Some, actually most if not all, limiters look ahead, some clippers look ahead, and act on *groups* of sample values. What about that over-sampling value you can set on some clippers and limiters? So, if we have four sample values: 32766, 32767, 32767, 32766, you can guess what the value between the two 32767 values would be if we created, with oversampling, some intermediate value(s): it would be *greater* than 32767. That's a *true peak* value: it's what the waveform would look like when it's reconstructed by the D/A conversion on output. So, even though there's no sample in an audio file that's greater than 0db (32767 or less than -32768), there can still be a peak above 0db *after* the signal is reconstructed for presentation to a speaker (or over-sampled). So, clippers *throw away* information by just chopping sample values; limiters try to preserve dynamics and harmonics by *scaling* sample values (a compressor *scales* by the ratio, for example). Scaling can preserve more of the original information, though it clearly cannot preserve all of it (unless you scale *all* samples, which is the same as turning down the volume). Also, the issue here is *crest factor,* which is the difference between the peak value and RMS value of your sound. If you can get a low crest factor, you have the potential to make your final, exported mix loud without too much distortion from either clipping or limiting. And, clipping and limiting serve to reduce crest factor. That's the reason you can use saturation on a, say, cymbal sound and reduce it's peak value while actually making it *sound* louder: saturation takes the energy of the transient and spreads it around with harmonics that don't change the sound much but reduce the transient/peak energy: this serves to reduce the *crest factor* of the sound. There's plenty more to say, but, I've said my peace.
I wish there were more people on the internet like you. This has been really good to know and I dont even know where I'd begin to learn the technical aspects like this
I'm a number's geek, so I might be into what you have to say, but you should really consider where you are, and how you present yourself. You invited yourself to dinner and took a shit on the banquet table as soon a you arrived. After reading your first sentence and seeing a giant block of text that follows it, I imagine you sound like Matt Damon in Team America when you talk, because what you're actually saying is... "Look at me! I'm Brian Case, the superior explainer! I know a thing! I know it so well, I must trash another guy's video explanation to PROVE to all you blebs that I know it BETTER! I don't care that he actually mastered thousands of songs! While he had a career in mastering, I was reading and studying and learning so I can be superior! I don't care that for most people my superior explanation is completely unnecessary and impractical, I will tell you anyway! I will tell you about sampling rates and bits and crest factors, and R-muthafking-S. I know ALL the best jargon words! I'm Brian Case! Me! Me! Me!"
@@KarlGutowski OK, thanks for the constructive criticism.
@@KarlGutowski gosh! Sir, in case you learnt something from his comment that you feel was right and untold. Just thank and move on!! And if not, ignore and move on. Doesn't matter if it was "Me" "You" or "Us"
@@KarlGutowski Finally you’re the genius here right ?
C L I P before you L I M I T >>> Instantly changed my masters!!. Thanks master
That lil tidbit at 8:00 maks so much sense!!
Following the lead and results get better.Good luck Streaky
try the T-Racks Clipper,is also ultra cool
So excited of new Clipper plugin by Acustica, came here to really study further about clippers.
AWESOME! Though it's 2 years old of content, this is still quite relevant and helpful! Thanks!!!
Learned something new today... not studied clipper at all... new thing to dive into now
Cheers mate, really appreciate this content! Interested about the limiter sandwich too
Hi Streaky, thanks for all the tips. Any chance you could do a video (or a few) about how to combine some of them? For example, how you would combine a Glue compressor, Luxury Low Mids, Dynamic EQ, etc. on the mixbus. Any particular order? Are there some combinations that work better than others? I'm thinking more about mixing here rather than mastering. Cheers!
If I understood you correctly, you said you use a Clipper first in your mixbus chain? And then I guess you use one again later, as needed, before the limiter when mastering?
Great vid Streaky .great knowledge your sharing here. Keep up the good work .
Back in the day I did the clipping trick using the analog input stage on my ADC. It was a colossal pain the butt.
Now I use KClip or DMG Limitless and I’m much more relaxed.
Just a bit about clippers.
Hard clipper is exactly what is seen here.
But SOFT clippers are more likely a limiter.
The more you get the threshold down, the bigger portion below it starts to be saturated.
So, the softer the clipper, the more the sound material changes.
So well explained and really helpful, absolutely brilliant
I'm assuming you wouldn't want to have the threshold so low on the clipper before feeding into the compressor, right? Just have it clip off any crazy peaks that would cause the compressor to wildly over-correct?
Another great video. I've just bought the Pro L2. I know you've done many videos but any chance of a in depth overview of all the settings on the pro L2 and what to adjust / look for dependant on what you're hearing. Maybe a break down of the default settings i.e modern, transparent etc. Top man, I genuinely look forward to your videos 👍
I must have done this in the past search my channel for a review ✌🏻
Would love a video on true peak and when to use it
A hardware 500 series or rack clipper? Do they exist? Where do I buy one?
Can you do a video of you mastering a song from start to finish
Check my ozone vid
Very nice video!!!
Hello Streaky, thank you for that great content! Can you do the same video about Maximizer vs. Limiter?
if your thinking “ozone maximizer” there is just no difference, it’s a limiter (with the added transient emphasis control, which is a transient shaper BEFORE the limiter so that you can emphasize those transients to compensate for the effect of that limiter squashing them)
Getting my daily Streak!!
Awesome video
Hey streaky could you do a video on softubes weiss ds1 mk3 plug-in ? Can you see if it’s good compared to the hardware unit
Helpful vid. Subscribed.
I usually use soft clipper from brainwork elysia and limiter. what do you think about it?
streaky, why does your voice sound so distorted?
So basically we all need to go buy a good clipper
DAWs have them built in, you don't need to buy all this stuff every time
What is the difference between these and a Maximizer?
Does logic have a clipper plugin?
Thanks Streaky for another great video. I watched your 'limiter sandwich' video and I'm quite confused. Can you clarify why you use limiter with 0,5db after gain plugin automation? I mean In my mastering chain I use 2 limiters if I want to choruses to pop up, after second limiter I just run little automation and drop verses let's say 1db. I cannot understand why you set your first limiter, then volume automation and then second limiter after that. Can you please clarify this method or please make anothr video explaining more in depth 'limiter sanwitcj' method. Thank you
So you master it as normal so the verses and choruses are how you like them then do the adjustments if you just drop the verses they will not be sounding the same going through...it will of course give some change but not as perceived
@@Streaky_com thank you. If I'll drop the verses via volume automation that will be before the mastering chain, so for example compressors will be affected differently, yes. But why can't we just use gain automation after second limiter? Why do you use it between 2 limiters as 'sandwich'? Can you please make a video comparing and explaing your 'sandwich' method vs applying gain automation after limiting (so very last step). That's what I don't understand, what's the difference between gain automation between 2 limiters vs after last limiter. Thank you so much. I appreciate your help
How much clipping maximum do you recommend ? And how much maximum gain reduction for limiting ?
psssscht thats my secret loudness workflow.
Hi! Good video. I have a question though the whole point of a clipper is to shape the distortion to get a nicer sound, not to do hard clipping like you did, you kept it at 100% hard clipping right? Also, to avoid the artifacts it generates there is the oversampling option which you didn't mention either, so I understand you can get a track to be more dynamic and interesting than with a limiter, or am I not understanding it right?
I'd say you're both right, except that a song will always be less dynamic when using a limiter or clipper. That's what they do is decrease dynamics and increase perceived loudness, but that's what you want in almost all genres of popular music. The only genres you would even want to preserve the dynamics in are stuff like classical and jazz. You can experience and experiment with this by tuning into a classical radio station while you're driving sometime. You'll probably catch yourself turning the radio up during the quiet parts and back down during the loud parts. This is why most modern music is heavily compressed and limited, it has to cut through noise and is never hardly played in a perfect environment and honestly is rarely even listened to intently. IMHO I'd say there are more people that passively listen than actively listen to music.
@@aholder4471 It makes sense yeah, thanks!
Do u do hip hop or rap vocals
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streaky don't fooled ny flatline clipper interface venn audio free clip 2 is 10 times more better than it proved
Why ask to subscribe though, everyone already know how youtube works.
Some people need reminding 💪🏻🙏
Fab Fake kkkkk
Freeware Gclip is a good one. It has a waveform display too has you set it.
Can confirm, it's so good
Free Clip for me, i dont really like GClip that much
I like your tutorials because they are short but contain so much information.
carnage ~ "it makes everything very very way more super louder"
Dude you are an absolute legend! I've been a mix/mastering engineer for 12 years. I own Manic Recording Studio in Toronto. You have by FAR the most helpful, insightful and thoughtful content on the internet when it comes to the world of audio!
Thank you for your service.
I find myself watching more and more of Streaky's videos. He doesn't explain things like he's talking to another engineer. He explains things like he is NOT talking to another engineer.
And that is the difference between a good teacher and an outstanding teacher. The outstanding teacher is the one that understands that not everyone gets what's between taught equally across the board and can bring anyone and everyone along...
Bet Underbelly would be the dude for you !
My favorite clipper is the TRS Classic Clipper by IK Multimedia. It is $49 but often goes on sale or even free, so you should definitely check it out!
YES this is my favorite thing to use in mastering! I just got it for free and it sounds so much better than a limiter
how do you get it for free?
They gave it away a couple months ago!
Agreed on drum bus I think it sounds insane!
@@weet1574 befriending a pirate
I hate the loudness wars, but I used Flatline on my mix for the first time and it really unified the whole thing, made it easier to listen to loud and even brought out lots of the details.
i love the loudness wars
I use Kclip by kazrog. Sometimes I prefer also adding an exciter before the limiter. Or just shaping or rounding of some peaks with unfiltered audio zip with a very tiny threshold and gain reduction. Usually just a couple of dB. I was inspired using an exciter by an ozone 9 preset as a goto mastering chain.
I did ask about this clipper thing few days ago on your insta dm and here is the explanation and demo great🙌
I turn up for the Maselec way too late. The story of my life.
i turned that like button on maaan :D
Ace. Didn't even know there was such a thing as a 'clipper'. just Used it to tame some Acoustic guitar spikes . Thanks, Streaky !
I tend to always run a clipper before my final limiter
Oxford inflator is amazing, no idea wtf it does but you get increased loudness with no loss in dynamics, no compression etc
My chain for my drums is ssl bus comp, saturn2,Oxford inflator,soothe,limiter
When I first found out about clippers a top tier engineer (in my niche scene) told me to put sausage fattener on the mix bus, touch nothing on it and drive signal into it, if there’s issues hitting the loudness target then the issue is in the mix. Now I’m wayyyyy down the rabbit hole with clipping, so far down i can’t find my way out.. I’ve heard kclip is really good but haven’t tried it yet
Great video, I'm interested what is considered the best mastering grade, (best sounding) and transparent clipper circa 2024?
Awesome video Streaky. Cleaning up the peaks before going into the limiter. Then using the limiter to just smash the track.
So awesome. This info is suuuuuuuper helpful. Well explained. Thanks Streaky for helping take the guesswork out of understanding this tech.
Is what you've explained all for the master bus when mixing, or when mastering? Thanks!
this video for gaining money from youtube... 10minutes empty video, he played for tthe time for youtube view statistics
I'm fine with loud as long as it's good loud mastering. You do not want to sound like Californication, Death Magnetic, WTSMG (example of bad loud mastering till the point it's also clipping).
Since i limit and clip my mixes sound loud and awesome. What is do for instance is grouping kick and snare and than clip the kick and snare when they play together so the limiter is not reacting to the snare only
This streaky guys seems oddly aggressive and rude. He's like the hulk hogan of audio production.
HELLO, Do you know how to fix audio issue on AVID Mbox 3. It's so low I can't record vocals with it. Flat line. The 2 inputs are like that, used a headphone as mic on both channels and it works fine. (Not the MIC) help!!!
Newfangled Audio‘s Saturate is also a great clipper
With all due respect, you talked over all your audio examples. Thank you for the explanations though.
Hi Brian, could you send me this information per e-Mail..?? I can't copy it to a text file. I want to save it to recall it whenever I need it...
If Streaky likes this comment, he'll each 50k subs be4 Christmas.
I see a lot clipper use after the limiter .. ?
Kind of defeats the object
Cuz they don't know what they're doing. It supposed to go before limiter.
What a wonderful human being you are Streaky! I know its all part of the marketing plan and you also sell great products and courses, but the amount of knowledge you are willing to share online for free is just out of this world. You are truly a legend for helping people this much, my biggest respect and compliments, you are truly one of a kind!
This is my new favorite channel. These engineer channels are usually full of super long videos with some boring guy and and awful/irrelevant music. The music on this channel is always amazing and the videos are easy to follow along to.
no explanation, only pointless words about what is actually shown on the screen... worthless.
Been using the Brainworx bx_XL v2 for a while now. Really love it! The clipper intrigues me though. Doing a lot of jazz artists where the dynamic swings greatly.....the clipper could be interesting. Thanks Jedi Streaky!!!!
Information is good but oh boy, the amount of waffle!!!
Now I understand just how to use a clipper with a limiter. Thank you love your content some of the best out there.
sir, nowadays im trying to add pro l to my kicks but there are a lot of peaks because of the kick...So if i add clipper before kick, they loosing their punch... what should i do sir ?
if i dont add limiter to my kick, the volume bar is getting red
I remember when I opened up Depeche Mode’s “precious” in soundforge 15 years ago, and it looked like a solid rectangle. But it sounded pretty good.
Good?
Hey Steaky! Great video. I use mostly 3 clippers: UAD Elysia Alpha Compressor (it has a built-in clipper many people never mention and it sounds killer!), Kazrog KClip3, and Event Horizon by Steelwell. It all depends on the material of course. I use clippers on almost every group as well as some individual tracks if necessary. Do you have any favorite clippers we should know about, Streaky?
invisible limiter also sounds good to me, I use both Pro L2 with invisible ;)
You definitely know the subject i'm in right now! :)
Clipper avoids saturation
white sea studio youtuber just copy your idea with limiter and literally uploaded video a few seconds ago... coincidence ?!
Hahah good for him ✌🏻
putting a clipper before a limiter is nothing new i doubt hes copying
From someone who spent a good amount of time and money trying to find something, I liked that WASNT Pro L2... Just buy Pro L2... It's that good, it really is.
Limitless by DMG
@@ezrabrownstein3237 indeed . Limitless is the best limiter right not and it even has a very good clipper integrated. I dont know any limiter on the market that is that versatile. And i own most if not all "high end" software limiters
'Limiter sandwich'
great video thank you
Thanks a bunch man !! Really a good insight towards using clippers without a fear from now onwards... Believe this has been a secret receipe for SUPER LOUD but yet undistorted masters so far! ... But not a secret anymore!!! Thanks millions Streaky.... Please suggest the best clipper plugins as you move ahead.... Cheers!🎉🎉🎉🎉👊👊👍
That FLATLINE clipper looks good
Superior
Hi Streaky, could you do a topic on how to make your mix translate well on every system? What makes that good mixes sound 'the dame's / good on every system. And bad mixes don't....? Keep up the info, it's great! Greetz Jelle
I did one last week 👌🏻
@@Streaky_com o seriously. Gonna check it out. Thanks
Supr lv frm india
I have tc finalizer 96k..
Thank you! ❤
I was asking me what's best between clipper and limiter and how to use both of them, and this is your video for my birthday 💯
Thanks Streaky 🔥
Thanks mate
I’ve heard Oasis 97’ album was one of the first examples of extreme clipping
Hi there. Nice one Streaky. I like 1:1 way of using clipper. 👍🤓
thank you very much
Thanks for the video Streaky!!! Very good stuff!!
wow