What is DARK ENERGY?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ต.ค. 2024
- Check out Dom's Video on Dark Matter!
• What Is Dark Matter?
Subscribe to Dom's Channel Every Think!
/ @domburgess
Dark Energy is one of the biggest mysteries of our universe. It makes up more than half of our universe, but what is it? And how do we know it's there? Find out about dark energy in this video.
Hi! I'm Jade. Subscribe to Up and Atom for new physics, math and computer science videos every week!
SUBSCRIBE TO UP AND ATOM / upandatom
Let's be friends :)
TWITTER: up...
Other Videos You Might Like
Quantum Cryptography Explained Simply • Quantum Cryptography i...
Are Forcefields Possible?
• Are Forcefields Possible?
The Physics of Free Will
• The Physics of Free Will
Sources
We Have No Idea - Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson
www.amazon.com...
science.nasa.g...
hubblesite.org/...
• Dark Energy, Cosmology...
Music
Dom wrote the music for this episode too!
![The Wall Song ร้องข้ามกำแพง | EP.213 | กรีน อัษฎาพร | 3 ต.ค. 67 [1/5]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/3KrlLbCsadI/mqdefault.jpg)
Thank you to my commenters for pointing out that a 1 followed by 100 zeroes is a GOOGOL, not a googolplex. A GOOGOLPLEX is a 1 followed by a googol of zeros. According to calculation, there should be a factor of a GOOGOL (10^100) more dark energy in the universe than what there is currently.
Sorry for the hiccup! I should have googled my googols and googolplexes.
Up and Atom a 1 or a 10?
Was gonna point that out :)
a 1. Here's the definition: A googol is the large number 10^100. In decimal notation, it is written as the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeroes:
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Was about to comment about that, when I saw that you had pinned this. I'm just going to assume people have told you by now (Good video overall, though!)
Up and Atom
I was sliding down to the comments to say EACTLY that !
Great video Jade! (Then again, I am slightly bias!) Love the animations, especially gravity pulling back the universe! ;)
Wouldn't the part of the universe not snared by the lasso continue to expand?
Thanks for watching guys! Go check out Dom's video on Every Think! th-cam.com/video/iTbP5XCGmMg/w-d-xo.html
can I please have the ingredients to that universe pie please so I can win a Nobel Prize in Physics?
haha yes the ingredients are matter, dark matter, and dark energy.
haha don't know what youre talking about. That is what I originally typed. How dare you accuse me of editing my comment! xD
One of the variations of String theory is correct.
Hi Jade! Amazing video! The little dark energy and gravity animations were adorable lol.
Aww thank you so much :) I'm happy you enjoyed them
the subtitles say 'dumb' instead of 'Dom', you might wanna change that if you want to keep Dom as a friend^^
Haha thanks for the tip! Won't be changing it then... ;)
**gasp** :-o ...why do you hate Dom? o_O
She secretly hates everyone in the universe
Edgard knows ;)
Ah! A mistake! Quickly! To the comments!
hahahaha #selfawareness
Lol
I have been reading about Dark Energy and Dark Matter for days, and watching tons of videos, and your 5 minute video is better than the many, many hours I have spent on this topic. THANK YOU.
As the gravity guy tries to pull back the expansion of the universe is so cuuute. I almost melted :)
haha awww I'm glad you liked it! He tries so hard...
Great video! You really deserve more viewers and subscribers!
Unfortunately I haven’t completed the binge, but once I get some free time I assure you I will finish watching all your videos.
haha take your time no pressure!
Love your videos Jade! It was great meeting you at the meetup tonight! Thank you for showing me your channel.
Hi Chris! It was great meeting you too! I'll see you soon. I love your drawing style and how you use shading :)
Seems like anti-gravity would be a better name for it
Yeah. Does it do anything else?
You have a profound understanding of things, and make comprehension of the complex seem natural, like the warm sun beaming through the clean air upon glistening leaves. Thank you.
How poetic :)
Love the video and collab! It works really well with the story and pie chart link. 👍
hey thanks! it was Dom's idea :)
Combine:
1. cosmological constant in Dxy [m^-2] = lp^2/λ^4= lp^2 Nxy ^2 [m^2] [m^-4]
2. schrodinger solution
3. Planck E= h f= h Nxy
4. Nxy = number of superpositions per m^2= wave function frequency
Result: dark matter = superpositions of the electron wich gives the electron extra weight
Dxy [m^-2] = lp^2/λ^4= lp^2 Nxy^2 [m^2] [m^-4]
Nxy = sqrt(Dxy / lp^2)= (Dxy / lp^2) ^0.5= [m^-1] [m^-1] = m^-2
Nxy = sqrt ( 10^-52 / 10^ -70) = 10^18 ^0.5 = 0.65 10^9
Schrodinger solution:
Nxy^2 h^2 / ( 8 m L^2) = h Nxy
8 m L^2 h Nxy = Nxy^2 h^2
m = Nxy^2 h^2 /( 8 L^2 h Nxy)
m = Nxy h 0.125 L^-2
m= 10^9 10-34
= 10^-25 ( all superpositions).
1 particle = 0.331 10^-25 / ( 0.4 10^9) = 0.828 10^-34 kg = 46 eV
If you count only the positive wave function amplitudes: n = 10^4.5
then 1 particle = 0.331 10^-25 / ( 0.4 10^4.5) = 0.828 10^-30kg 5.6 10^35= 10^5 ev = 0.5 Mev
Superposition (recoherence) of electron causes dark matter and expansion of the universe?
And vacuum catastrophe solved:
m= 10^9 10-34
= 10^-25 ( all superpositions).
E= m c^2= 10^-25 10^16= 10^-9 J m^-3
Im curious for youre reaction
For me Dark Matter and Dark energy are a remake of the Ether problem, inventing an Add Hoc hypothesis to fit with the current knowledges.
I have been feeling this way for a VERY long time and I am happy to see more and more scientist joining the club and copming with strong hypothesis that don't needs any New weird material or force....
My position is by far not scientific... I just see that we are in almost the EXACT same situation scientist were when inventing Ether and at that time they did the biggest mistake of science.... and humans are not so good at learning from the past...
I might be wrong but this situation is so similar that this possibility cannot be dismissed as easily as some scientists would like.
Can you do some videos on recreational mathematics for beginners
That is the most hilarious representation of dark energy I've ever seen
A purple blob biting its lips is forever how I will think about Dark Energy.
O yeah tell me more Dr.wisinhimer.
10^85 in the "universe" or observable universe?
I love the cute visualizations ! :-) Keep up the good work!
Aussie accent is superb
Best illustration explaining dark energy on the internet. 👍
If we enclosed dark energy in a massive sphere of matter would the sphere keep its surface area but grow in volume?
As reference, the paper where is described a solution of the rotational velocities observed in spiral galaxies, without using dark matter (but adding the Coriolis force in the rotating system), is the following (from 2020):
article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.astronomy.20200902.01.html
I love your channel name, so clever.
It seems that dark matter and dark energy are examples of the use of Cook's Variable Constant C=mod(Ng-Nw) where Ng is the number you've got and Nw is the number you want.
Is the red shift of the furthest galaxies the only evidence of dark energy? If so, could this be explained by time not being constant throughout the universe? Would non-constant time fit with expansion theory?
Does E=mc² also apply for dark energy and dark matter?
Great video, and love the funny animations.
This video is so wow😍😍😍
Why we would expect to be slowing down? At early point in an explosion everything is accelerated. So couldnt we assune that the universe is still in that stage of increasing acceleration?
What do you think about Uraken Navis video about Dark Matter? The waerp theory?
the issue with the 'infinitely dense speck' is that the describes what you get when rewind the math - and get to this. no physicist i know believes this to be literally true; it describes the breakdown of our current model as we rewind to whatever it was that happened.
(language breaks down, too. we are using dark, a physical property, when we mean intangible or invisible. and it it really energy, or matter for that matter? [sorry. ] we are using concrete terms to describe things that we observe, but do not remotely understand. the ptolemaic universe was built on such metaphorical thinking. we should be very careful when teaching this stuff in popular media.)
well yeah its kinda the same as black holes, general relativity predicts its own breakdown past the event horizon, our understanding of physics, cant tell us what happens there.
maybe big bang isn't beginning of the universe, it's just random space explosion while everythings else there exist and we wander into it
Damn these cute animations kill me every time. What sorcery is this? :P
haha I'm so glad you like them! Sometimes I get worried they're a bit too kiddy for adults, so it's reassuring to hear their cuteness is welcome :)
big bang is only one possibility. in it, it is "a tiny speck" that exploded "one day" which favors creationists ("what was before", "what made it explode", "who's behind it" and so on). and is wrong. matter pops up from "nothing" everywhere all the time (and vanishes to "there" as well), as recognized by quantum physics. expansions happen all over the universe in any direction at various speeds. this indicates several universes that exchange matter and energy through "touch points". every such point is a "big bang" of a sort and still happens. matter is created and destroyed. distribution is not uniform. there is no "dark matter" or "dark energy". it's just a current "account balance" of the exchange state. will be different as time goes by (although it doesn't, since time is only a perception construct; universe does not know time - there was never a "before" and never will be "after"; all of it is infinite now). all of this is a bit tricky due to the vastness of this universe (and every other, for that matter). I mean, it's truly bigger than big. so big that anything not only can happen, but happens. simple, really.
You use your imagination in the direction of truth & love. Your videos are informative, visually appealing & very funny. Dom did a great job as well. Thank you both.
Perhaps after your Relativity videos, you could touch on Quantum Electrodynamics. I would love to see your animations.
haha thank you! no one has ever put it quite like that before :) Yes Dom is an amazing graphics artist. He's going to be big one day.
You're very welcome :)
Pls tell,what is beyond the edge of the universe?
So the best we got on this right now is that empty space creates more empty space. Except that with all the empty space in the universe, it should be expanding much faster than it is.
So we really don't know much eh xD
So if I got my stuff right so far: Hawking Radiation depends on the idea of Virtual Particles and Virtual Particles depend on the idea of Vacuum Energy. (AKA Dark Energy) So, does it mean that if Hawking Radiation is experimentally proven, it will also be a strong evidence for the existence of Dark Energ?
Correct me if I'm wrong.
1 × 10^100 is googol not googolplex. Googolplex is 1 × 10^googol
yes sorry! I made a mistake. Have pinned a correction in the comments. Thanks :)
Great video!
hello up and atom can you help me to defined whats the meaning of BARYONIC MATTER,DARK MATTER, DARK ENERGY , PROTOSTAR , THERMONUCLEAR, MAIN SEQUENCE STAR, LIGHT YEARS ,EXPANDING UNIVERSE,COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND thank you i hope you will notice me :)
So, our models and theories of the universe where shown to be off by several orders of magnitude. Should we go back to the drawing board? Should we consider an electric model that already explains everything? Hell no! Let's invent something to fill the huge error in measurements, let's give it a mysterious name so people will think that we know what we're talking about and... Bingo our failing models of astrophysics suddenly work again. Don't mind the fact that nobody has ever nor will ever detect or explain what 80%+ of the universe is made of, we'll settle for a made up name and we'll chuck it to bad luck.
Since we're already talking about things we know so little about, have you ever actually done the math on gravity, you know; mass and distance and all that jazz? Have you then tried to apply it to the cosmic bodies to validate gravity's roll in holding it all together? I'm curious.
Yes I think, cause its known since a long time i think the greatest physicians did to that
Could dark energy be the 5th force next to electromagnetism gravity strong and weak force?
I mran just as the strong and the weak force only work on quantum levels, could this dark energy only work on astronomic levels?
It looks to me you treat space (as the fabric of space) which is influenced by dark energy and space between objects, which is influenced by gravity, the same, why?
Well the big bang wasn't really an explosion as the name would suggest, it was actually space itself spreading and thereby cooling down...
Nice video, as always... Cheers from Italy
prego :)
Well, we actually say "Grazie" to say "Thanks".
"Prego" is more like a "You're wellcome" ;)
haha oh my gosh that's so embarrassing! I actually lived in Florence for a month 5 years ago and attended an Italian school. Now I can't even remember how to say thank you!
ahahahahaha don't worry, is a common mistake. We use "prego" very often and in very different contexts.
Dark energy is 1+? = infinity. U can keep adding fancy words - brown energy, yellow matter, z partices etc etc
Thanks for the explanation . Your videos are great ! U have an amazing potential. I hope ur channel gets big someday like Vsauce and Veritasium ! A physics enthusiast from INDIA ! High hopes from you !🤓🤓
Aww thank you so much for the encouragement. It really means a lot! I hope it gets big one day too haha. Only time will tell! I plan to keep working hard though :)
You are welcome ! Hey can u make some engineering related videos too ! U know applied physics, so i guess it won't be a problem for u ..😅😅
Up and at them- radioactive man.
She's awesome.
The Runaway Space Train!
how can you be so sure about if if it isn't discovered yet?
Because the expansion of the universe is accelerating :)
If the physical behavior of objects doesn't match the math, then just throw in some dark energy to balance the equation. You don't have to actually find any of the stuff.
I recently came across your channel and the content is really good! The animated characters and that background music really do a great job of adding to your channel's identity.
Like someone mentioned earlier, can you also dive deeper into math occasionally? Reason: my mind is pretty happy and relaxed while watching your videos, asking it to think more occasionally would mean more learning (I think). Also, keep up the content :)
How do you even compare matter to dark energy to say any fraction? Normal matter and dark matter affects stuff with gravity and dark energy is probably called energy for a reason, so, using E=mcc can make all three comparable, but what is dark energy? What makes it ENERGY? How do you calculate what amount of energy is needed to expand space itself?
The term "Dark Energy" is a bit misleading, as it might very well be nothing like any type of energy we know.
The Fractions for ordinary& dark matter and dark energy are the density parameters used in cosmology, taken from measurements of the hubble cnstant, the redshift in relation to the distance measurements of things like galaxies, Sn Ia and the CMB
So empty space is an oxymoron
I have lived my whole life on an island… I’m from Hawaii!
Mmm universe pie.
So what force is acting against gravity? Is dark energy a force? Now I am confused
physicists are too, some people believe its vacuum energy, which is a product of heisenbergs uncertainty principle
you should've mentioned that dark energy really has only been a thing for about 20 years. the accelerated expansion is a very, very recent discovery.
Well, you know when dark thoughts enter your mind at night... well, that is dark energy at work.
Just a little question i had for YEARS. What was there before the big bang? As in the universe was a small thingy before the big bang ,but what surrounded it ?
The big bang is a border between physics as we know them working and not. So we don't know. People have ideas (like Inflation, multiple universe "bubbles", cyclical universes), but no theories, not even hypotheses. Also the universe was not small then. The observable universe was small. We don't know how big the universe is, or was.
A one followed by 85 zeros. Surely there are far more atoms than that in the Universe.
A question that comes every time in my mind about expansion of universe is that what will eventually happen when expansion rate gets faster or equal to the speed of light? By the way thanks for another good video .
Hanzla Javaid
Eventually, the wavelength of light from distant galaxies won't be visible anymore.
Alien life forms will look unto the heavens and see nothing beyond their own galaxy.
Venancio Rodriguez but won't the space inside an atom expand too ?
Hanzla Javaid
That's not how this expansion works. Vast amounts of space is pushing galaxies apart, the more distant the galaxies the faster the expansion. YES, eventually surpassing the speed of light.
But this does not happen at the subatomic level for atoms, at least, not to my knowledge.
or maybe (in the spirit of trying to unify all physics) there's still something fundamentally wrong with all the theories, even the ones that holds up experimentally in limited cases ... each time adding an adhoc theory to try the keep the base theory going is what we've done with lots of our fundamental questions ..
Thanks, Jade! I can now blame dark energy for my own outward expansion. Take that, dietitian!
haha that's my excuse too ;)
Up and Atom Doesn't look like you need to blame your dietitian though. ;-)
Ordinary energy is not given a percentage here. What percent of the universe is ordinary energy?
What is dark energy?
Answer: A place holder for a theory that didn't work out but people still hold out hope for due to bias.
R.I.P. Big Bang.
Dark matter just another place holder.
Cosmology of today is built on unicorn farts.
That's Smart => ("Dark about dark energy")
Googol is how much money Google makes off of our personal data))
No one ever says what caused that big bang
Hey! I'm early!
Woo!
Dark Energy = Bad math. Saying, "When they measured it..." How did they measure? I have yet to see someone trying to explain what they found and how. Feel free to give me a link which explains it, math and all...
Why cant we just say that dark energy is an emergent property of gravity and attraction at incredibly large scales? Oh it's going to be a while til I get close to getting this
A googol is 1 with 100 zeroes, a GOOGOLPLEX is 1 with a googol 0s
Why was the universe once tiny, who measured it that can say it's bigger today than before?
And how do we know the universe is expanding at all, what reference point we have to say it?
How do we know it's expanding today faster than before?
For proportion, they can't get the diameter of Pluto right to the meter, and I am supposed to believe they know at what rate the universe expanding now and billions of years ago?
Why we know the expansion is faster? we look at the redshift of distant galaxies, and we notice that the further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving away from us, thats how we can tell the universe is expanding. and the reason we say that the expansion rate is faster today than before (disclaimer: all this is based on our current understanding which is far from perfect, but pretty good) is because our current understanding of gravity and the supposed - and observed properties - of "dark energy" tells us that the universes expansion actually at some point used to be slowing down, we can say that because gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects, this tells us that at some point gravity was "stronger" (or in other words everything was closer together) and then at a certain point, when everything got "streched" to a certain lenght, (if i remember correctly, this happened around 4-5 billion years ago) dark energys strenght in a way "overtook" gravity. another argument which supports the belief (now im hypothesising, dont know this for a fact) that gravity is stronger when everything is closer together, is the fact that very close galaxies (andromeda for example) arent red shifted at all, they are blue shifted, (coming towards us). this tells me that gravity is overcoming dark energy within this range. outside of that dark energy is "winning" and pushing everything apart. as for the acceleration of expansion, when the sum of forces is not equal to 0 and object accelerates (negative or positive, at some point the sum of forces went from negative to positive)
why was the universe once tiny? we dont know, however it is likey, simply for the fact that today it is expanding, we cant know, but we can rewind the math. plus observations of the cosmic background radiation tells us that everything used to be very close together.
the short answer is: we dont know, we really dont, however we can propose that this is what happened (based on our current understanding, which obviously is incomplete however some parts of it are almost 100% (not 100%) correct), how this all works is that we make a theory today, and the theory makes predictions (Einsteins prediction that light will bend around a massive object for example) we then make an observation and see if it matches our prediction. if the theory and observation match, it adds strenght to the theory (it does not confirm it). so our current understanding of gravity (which is one of the things we are more certain about) and for that matter the universe tells us that most likely this is what happened.
the thing about pluto just tells me that we cant know every factor, it tells me that scientist know the diameter of Pluto pretty damn well, it is approximately 2377km which is 2377000m now, not knowing whether it is 2377001 or 2376999m is very hard (am using approximations here so dont take these numbers literally. it is extremely difficult to account for the density of different areas of pluto, etc, we dont know all the factors, so the uncertainty off plutos diameter makes me think that science is doing its job right, its saying "hey, we dont know 100% the diameter of pluto, however we can say its approximately this with an uncertainty of (just throwing a number out there) +-0.0001m"
What if the dark thingy can travel more than speed of light
I thought she said "dumb" was the guy's name.
damn the animations are funny AF...
Seems to me like dark matter and dark energy are just another word (s) for science of the gaps.
The ether of the 21st century.
Dom is not quite right about how we first noticed dark matter.
A googol is 1 with 100 zeroes, a googolplex is 1 with googol zeroes.
yes sorry! I made a mistake. Have pinned a correction in the comments. Thanks :)
Thumbs up
Ha, yes you only off by a factor of Google. Google also thinks Googleplex as HQ.
hey can we make videos together, i have some fantastic idea
Wow! 143 likes and 0 dislikes. People really love you :)
haha aww thanks that's nice :) maybe people really like dark energy!
Dark energy is a hacker.
Then why do we fall back to the earth if dark energy is stronger than gravity 🤔
I think it's because it's spread out more but ordinary earth matter is all together making it stronger at close range.
How is 68% "half" the universe? :D its even more than 2/3.
haha you're right! Don't know how I missed that :S
We already know that this fine tuning of the universe, or in other words, the % of each of the components of the pie chart makes the universe exist and be the way we know it today, adding all these masses and energies together makes the density of the universe about 5 atoms of hydrogen / cubic meter. If it was less then dark energy would have ripped the universe apart even before stars formed and definitely galaxies, planets and life, if the density was bigger then gravity would have pulled the universe back into singularity. But the way it is, the universe will keep expanding, and we'll eventually reach the heat death.
When I first heard about it, I thought that maybe the universe works like a star, Dark Energy pushes the boundaries of the universe out, it expands, the density of Dark Energy decreases, Gravity pulls the universe in, the density of Dark Energy increases and etc.. But then I learned it does not work that way, the universe is expanding and the expansion is becoming faster with a steady rate.
Having said all that, my question is, how come the density of Dark Energy does not decrease? I know that most probably it comes from empty space, and since the universe is expanding, that means more empty space is created which means more Dark Energy, but doesn't that violate the second law of thermodynamics?
matter anti mater energy roar refine heat sun plant fish us is positive heat / we manifest our collective thought ideas it invisible energy dark ideas but it ework it build n who knew?
so i`m assuming your aware of the math behind the field equations? ... and if you apply a single vector to every piece of matter in the universe, namely the vector thats pointing in the direction of the expansion you will find that the net gravitational pull is a big fat zilch.... so why are will still ranting on about this so called dark energy? its not needed anymore. well you can get in the ballpark anyhow... at least until somebody finally realizes that every big bang has a shockwave and that over time decreases in Freq. ... so i`m almost thinking that h may just be increasing in size as we travel from the center... who knows, but cool if it all turned out to be something real simple like just figuring out the initial E released at the big bang, the Wave it created (namely lambda) , reset h to that baseline, then track it out from the center to where we`re at now and see if it accounts for the discrepancies ... kinda like placing a bunch of floaty stuff in a tight group in calm water then dropping a stone in the center and watching what happens... just sayin`... what if h is a variable, that would mean our measurement of energy could be way off
Do you know how the basic Equations of cosmology are derived? I assume you do not, based on your comment.
First the assumptions: the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.
As it turns out, these assumptions make it easy to define a metric describing the universe, called the FLRW-metric.
This metric is used to calculate the Einstein tensor. The energy-impulse-tensor uses a resting fluid (rest frame of the universe).
using this, the Einstein field equations simplify into the two friedmann equations.
There are no vectors in those anymore, and thus your argument is invalid in discussions of cosmology.
Fimbulþulr ohhh so the stress energy tensor term isn`t used anymore. sorry i`m behind on new speak but hey, if you can plot a course around a black hole without using SR and using the 4 dimensions, this buds for you!
Perhaps you should recheck your googols and googolplexes.
whoops! have pinned a correction in the comments :)
What is dark energy? A THEORY.
So...dark energy simply isn't left over kinetic force from the big bang then?
I thought a googleplex was a Google to the power of one Google (Ben Atkin COHS)