Complete short answer notes according to questions in video ❤ 1. Official Language of India Hindi; English permitted. 2. India as a Secular State No state religion; equal respect for all religions. 3. Concurrent List Shared subjects between Centre and States. 4. Article 21 Right to life and personal liberty. 5. Fundamental Duties Respect the Constitution; protect public property. 6. President’s Qualifications Citizen of India; 35 years old; eligible voter. 7. Lok Sabha’s Financial Powers Controls Budget; grants funds. 8. Rajya Sabha Tenure Six years, staggered biennial elections. 9. Supreme Court Judges’ Tenure Till 65 years of age. 10. Chief Justice of India Appointment made by the President. 11. Judicial Review Supreme Court evaluates laws’ constitutionality. 12. Governor Appointment By President’s decision. 13. Common High Court Serves multiple states. 14. Defection Switching political party post-election. 15. Indian Constitution Features Written; flexible and rigid. 16. Single Citizenship Only Indian citizenship, no state citizenship. 17. Preamble Justiciability Not enforceable in court. 18. State Revenue Sources Taxes, fines, grants, fees. 19. State Autonomy States’ right to govern specific matters. 20. Importance of Article 21A Right to free, compulsory education. 21. Directive Principles Justiciability Not enforceable in court. 22. Presidential Electoral College Parliament and state legislatures. 23. 91st Constitutional Amendment Limits ministerial size, anti-defection law. 24. Hung Parliament No majority party in Parliament. 25. Zero Hour Parliament raises urgent matters. 26. Vote on Account Temporary government funding. 27. High Court’s Administrative Functions Supervises lower courts; manages staff. 28. Governor’s Appointment By the President. 29. Constitution’s Length Detail-oriented; diverse laws; amendments. 30. India as a Republic Head of state elected, not inherited. 31. Need for Federalism Diverse population; large territory. 32. Parliament Amending Rights Yes, within limits. 33. Alien Rights Right to life; equality before law. 34. Directive Principles Guidelines for welfare policies. 35. President’s Legislative Powers Veto bills; issues ordinances. 36. Cabinet vs. Council of Ministers Cabinet: top ministers; Council: all ministers. 37. Lok Sabha Composition 543 elected members. 38. Supplementary Grants Additional funds for unforeseen needs. 39. Governor’s Financial Powers Controls state Budget; grants funds. 40. Chief Minister’s Appointment Appointed by the Governor. 41. Preamble Meaning Introduction to Constitution’s aims. 42. Preamble as Part of Constitution Yes, per Supreme Court. 43. Union List Central government subjects. 44. Sarkaria Commission Recommendations Cooperative federalism; state autonomy. 45. Federalism Shared power between Centre and states. 46. Presidential Election Method Elected by Electoral College. 47. High Court Judges’ Appointment By President with consultation. 48. Republican Nature of India Elected representatives govern. 49. Unitary Constitution Features Single citizenship; strong Centre. 50. Union List Subjects Currently 100 items. 51. Importance of Article 32 Right to constitutional remedies. 52. Liberal Directive Principles Improve living standards, equality. 53. Effects of National Emergency Central power rises; rights restricted. 54. First Constitutional Amendment Added land reform rights. 55. Rajya Sabha Privileges Immunity in debates; parliamentary protections. 56. Consolidated vs. Contingency Fund Consolidated: government revenues; Contingency: emergencies. 57. High Court Supervision Guides and controls lower courts. 58. Constitution as “Bag of Borrowings” Inspired by multiple global constitutions. 59. Union Parliament Houses Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. 60. 42nd Amendment Words “Socialist” and “Secular” added. 61. State’s Role in Concurrent List State laws valid unless overruled. 62. Fundamental Duties Respect flag, national anthem, environment protection. 63. Directive Principles Purpose Ensure social, economic justice. 64. President Qualifications Indian citizen, 35+, eligible voter. 65. President’s Discretion No clear majority, coalition ambiguity. 66. Rajya Sabha Chairman Vice President of India. 67. Motion of Thanks Acknowledgement of President’s address. 68. Court of Record Supreme Court. 69. State Council of Ministers Composition Chief Minister and ministers. 70. High Court Judge Removal Impeachment by Parliament. 71. India’s Nature (Preamble) Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. 72. Right Against Exploitation Prohibits forced labor, child labor. 73. Writs under Article 32 Five writs (e.g., habeas corpus). 74. Directive Principles Nature Guidelines, not enforceable. 75. President’s Executive Powers Appoints judges, controls armed forces. 76. Union Council Tenure Until Prime Minister enjoys majority. 77. Prime Minister Appointment By President, majority party leader. 78. Rajya Sabha Financial Powers Limited; reviews money bills. 79. Governor Qualifications Indian citizen, 35+, experienced. 80. State Legislative Assembly Composition Varies; directly elected members. 81. Council of Ministers Constitution Appointed by President on PM’s advice. 😂 Finally you reach here
Mam please punjabi medium me upload kar do history or political science
History and pol sci 3rd sem please upload in punjabi medium 🙏
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Same to you
Plz punjabi medium me bhej bta de🙏🏻
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Mam please provide pdf of questions request h mam
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hindi medium m please
Complete short answer notes according to questions in video ❤
1. Official Language of India
Hindi; English permitted.
2. India as a Secular State
No state religion; equal respect for all religions.
3. Concurrent List
Shared subjects between Centre and States.
4. Article 21
Right to life and personal liberty.
5. Fundamental Duties
Respect the Constitution; protect public property.
6. President’s Qualifications
Citizen of India; 35 years old; eligible voter.
7. Lok Sabha’s Financial Powers
Controls Budget; grants funds.
8. Rajya Sabha Tenure
Six years, staggered biennial elections.
9. Supreme Court Judges’ Tenure
Till 65 years of age.
10. Chief Justice of India
Appointment made by the President.
11. Judicial Review
Supreme Court evaluates laws’ constitutionality.
12. Governor Appointment
By President’s decision.
13. Common High Court
Serves multiple states.
14. Defection
Switching political party post-election.
15. Indian Constitution Features
Written; flexible and rigid.
16. Single Citizenship
Only Indian citizenship, no state citizenship.
17. Preamble Justiciability
Not enforceable in court.
18. State Revenue Sources
Taxes, fines, grants, fees.
19. State Autonomy
States’ right to govern specific matters.
20. Importance of Article 21A
Right to free, compulsory education.
21. Directive Principles Justiciability
Not enforceable in court.
22. Presidential Electoral College
Parliament and state legislatures.
23. 91st Constitutional Amendment
Limits ministerial size, anti-defection law.
24. Hung Parliament
No majority party in Parliament.
25. Zero Hour
Parliament raises urgent matters.
26. Vote on Account
Temporary government funding.
27. High Court’s Administrative Functions
Supervises lower courts; manages staff.
28. Governor’s Appointment
By the President.
29. Constitution’s Length
Detail-oriented; diverse laws; amendments.
30. India as a Republic
Head of state elected, not inherited.
31. Need for Federalism
Diverse population; large territory.
32. Parliament Amending Rights
Yes, within limits.
33. Alien Rights
Right to life; equality before law.
34. Directive Principles
Guidelines for welfare policies.
35. President’s Legislative Powers
Veto bills; issues ordinances.
36. Cabinet vs. Council of Ministers
Cabinet: top ministers; Council: all ministers.
37. Lok Sabha Composition
543 elected members.
38. Supplementary Grants
Additional funds for unforeseen needs.
39. Governor’s Financial Powers
Controls state Budget; grants funds.
40. Chief Minister’s Appointment
Appointed by the Governor.
41. Preamble Meaning
Introduction to Constitution’s aims.
42. Preamble as Part of Constitution
Yes, per Supreme Court.
43. Union List
Central government subjects.
44. Sarkaria Commission Recommendations
Cooperative federalism; state autonomy.
45. Federalism
Shared power between Centre and states.
46. Presidential Election Method
Elected by Electoral College.
47. High Court Judges’ Appointment
By President with consultation.
48. Republican Nature of India
Elected representatives govern.
49. Unitary Constitution Features
Single citizenship; strong Centre.
50. Union List Subjects
Currently 100 items.
51. Importance of Article 32
Right to constitutional remedies.
52. Liberal Directive Principles
Improve living standards, equality.
53. Effects of National Emergency
Central power rises; rights restricted.
54. First Constitutional Amendment
Added land reform rights.
55. Rajya Sabha Privileges
Immunity in debates; parliamentary protections.
56. Consolidated vs. Contingency Fund
Consolidated: government revenues; Contingency: emergencies.
57. High Court Supervision
Guides and controls lower courts.
58. Constitution as “Bag of Borrowings”
Inspired by multiple global constitutions.
59. Union Parliament Houses
Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
60. 42nd Amendment Words
“Socialist” and “Secular” added.
61. State’s Role in Concurrent List
State laws valid unless overruled.
62. Fundamental Duties
Respect flag, national anthem, environment protection.
63. Directive Principles Purpose
Ensure social, economic justice.
64. President Qualifications
Indian citizen, 35+, eligible voter.
65. President’s Discretion
No clear majority, coalition ambiguity.
66. Rajya Sabha Chairman
Vice President of India.
67. Motion of Thanks
Acknowledgement of President’s address.
68. Court of Record
Supreme Court.
69. State Council of Ministers Composition
Chief Minister and ministers.
70. High Court Judge Removal
Impeachment by Parliament.
71. India’s Nature (Preamble)
Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
72. Right Against Exploitation
Prohibits forced labor, child labor.
73. Writs under Article 32
Five writs (e.g., habeas corpus).
74. Directive Principles Nature
Guidelines, not enforceable.
75. President’s Executive Powers
Appoints judges, controls armed forces.
76. Union Council Tenure
Until Prime Minister enjoys majority.
77. Prime Minister Appointment
By President, majority party leader.
78. Rajya Sabha Financial Powers
Limited; reviews money bills.
79. Governor Qualifications
Indian citizen, 35+, experienced.
80. State Legislative Assembly Composition
Varies; directly elected members.
81. Council of Ministers Constitution
Appointed by President on PM’s advice.
😂 Finally you reach here
Mam 3rd semester ka paper kab ha
Good evening ji, November ke last week or december ke 1st week
Mam please punjabi medium me upload kar do history or political science 🙏