Would be expensive more than enough ...and our govt.will never invest so much for our education purpose and youth development...they can't understand investment in education is not spending..it will pay back to the country..
Nick, I've got a couple decades on you, but I can't tell you how much I enjoy being addressed in the beginning of the video as "young person". I'm still learning, in spite of my years! Edit - I've enjoyed bunches of your videos, both the short and full length ones. Thanks for all you've shared!
@@vinxwl He uploads frequently to his own channel "Nick Zentner" and you'll find some older ones he uploaded to the Central Washington University channel.
I live in southern appalachia in the ridge and valley section and in karst areas i look for big creeks with meanders cutting through lines of ridges because sinkholes, springs/swimming holes, and caves are always nearby.
Could you put the lat longs or a googlemap url to the point where you took these pictures? It would be cool to use this in my class to teach the kids while doing a googlemaps fly over. Thanks for the awesome vids.
Moraines are ridges composed of poorly-sorted glacial till. They form at the edges of glaciers, so even when the ice melts away...we can determine where glaciers sat during the Ice Age. We'll do a video on moraines at some point down the road...
No, it wasn't me. Though I have been there before. Awesome location! Hey, I hope you and Tom continue with this series. I have really enjoyed it. May be you can double it and do a 4 minute Geology. May be you could do a video on the Mima Mounds west of LIttlerock, WA
I really have enjoyed all these videos and have learned a lot more than I already knew, and I must say that our local geology is inspiring in the sense that it is as humbling as astronomy once we understand the scale of time on landscape.
Hey ***** Could you also please do a video on mushroom rocks and how they're formed? I have an exam coming up and desperately need to understand the phenomenon. Thanks :)
Just like horseshoe bend near Glen Canyon dam, on the Colorado River. Awesome for explaining this. It makes perfect sense now. Same applies to the Grand Canyon.
Nick~ Great videos Sir. I grew up on the bridgeport Bar downstream of Chief Joseph dam. I hunted all over the area and was always impressed with the geology and wondered about the "white rocks",columnar basalt, the chalkhills on the way to waterville, dry falls, et al... Thank You, will we be seeing more?
What's the future of a formation like that? Seems as now that the river is "intrenched" it will likely cut an extremely sheer path for itself as the ground rises, possibly leading to an eventual collapse? Just curious.
thestadermann....the uplift is being driven by a graceful clockwise rotation within the North American Plate here in the Pacific Northwest. The rotation is from movement of the Pacific and Juan De Fuca plates. Thanks for your interest.
I chuckle when you say hello young people. Me and Leslie are 62 and 65 respectivley. We are staying young by learning new things all the time so I suppose you are talking to us too!
Thanks brother. I really needed this to understand the concept of meanders and by your help, i understood the concept easily in roughly 2 minutes. Much love from pakistan ❤
+nihit srivastava Sir, meanders are the river curves that develop on flat land. Entrenched meanders are the rive curves that dig down into the bedrock layers forming canyons. Thanks for watching.
None of this addresses the fact that meanders develop on a completely flat surface i.e. a piece of glass due to the nature of how water moves i.e. the sine curve. It would be nice to have a simple description of this. My high school teacher demonstrated it on a sand board. Absolutely fascinating
Uplift intensifies erosion, IronMan. Your potholes and fast water make sense with an entrenched meander system. We have geodetic instruments measuring uplift rates.
The Fraser has lots of meanders in its upper stretch SE of Prince George (called the Robson Valley as Mount Robson is at the SE end of it), and especially in the Lower Fraser below Hope. Hatzic Lake is a meander that became an oxbow lake, for a prime example; it was a meander of the Fraser at one time. I look forward to your piece on the formation of the Fraser-Whatcom Lowland; did you know the Fraser used to exit via Bellingham Bay and that there are ripple formations in the Everson WA area farmland, which is the rise of ground between what had been Sumas Lake (until it was drained in the early 20th Century) and where the Fraser would have flowed at one time...... I think into Bellingham Bay but maybe north of there I'm not sure exactly. There's a huge switchback on the Fraser between Fountain and Lillooet just above the Bridge River Rapids, which are formed by a rock shelf and which in gold rush times were called "the Falls of the Fraser". But it wasn't cut by a meander but the result of the river being forced to turn north 180 degrees, then south 180 degrees, within a mile radius, despite the 5000'-7000' peaks on all sides.. .when you do visit you'll note the benchlands north of Pavilion are sometimes higher than what's below... but a slide at Texas Creek about 20 miles south of Lillooet is known to have formed the bench where the Keatley Creek archaeological site is (a few miles north of Fountain; but benches south of there were formed by a more southerly blockage of the river... around where Hell's Gate is south of Boston Bar (which is on a bench, but which would have been underwater when the benches between Lytton and Lillooet were formed. Lots up here for you to have a look at, my friend.
@@Ellensburg44 I haven't had the time to write you but have had in mind a list of features I would be great to hear your take on them... once you have understood them. in addition to those mentioned above already. Mount Meager has been steaming lately - something to do with its ice being gone from climate-change melt it's releasing pressure still active beneath.... there are six fumaroles now active (big ones) near the summit). BC volcanics is a whole series by itself but your video on Seattle's geology had me wanting to see you, or someone, do the same for the Lower Mainland-Whatcom County lowland and the Lower Mainland's various landforms. Nazko Cone west of Quesnel has rumblings deep under it indicating magma movement; it's the youngest of the Anahim Volcanic Belt which begins on Queen Charlotte Strait near Alert Bay. Tseax Cone in the Nass destroyed a large Nisga''a village about 1690 I think, or 1790. But for visible volcanics in range of Seattle, you really can't beat the Squamish-Whistler area, which is also the way you get to Mount Meager and the Bridge River volcanics near it. Look up The Barrier and The Table and of course the famous but not recent but rather ancient Black Tusk and other notable landmarks of the Garibaldi Lake area. Brandywine Falls is a huge lava flow forming a cliff, along which the old cattle trail (now a bike trail) along the edge of the lava flow north of it, which overlooks the upper Cheakamus above Daisy Lake. and which has Highway 99 and the railway on top of it... along that trail there's ponds that have lava crystals below the surface... which you can stand up on, same with other lakes nearer Squamish. The upper Squamish River and its pass over into the upper Soo River also has yet more volcanics. Given Mount Meager just north, it has me wondering what may be under the Pemberton Icecap. Which is melting significantly... as is the Lillooet Icecap and all our others... another whole episode worth making.... I wish I had your production skills and delivery - and the time - to make such videos. You'll note on the map there's a certain spot along the Fraser where north of it, tributaries flow into it northwards, and south of it more southerly in alignment e.g. the Bridge and the Thompson vs Churn Creek and the San Jose and Quesnel Rivers north of Big Bar Ferry. The reason is that area was the centre of the Fraser Icecap. The benchland country of the central Fraser Canyon and lower Thompson will entrance you....and it's all gravel access, other than south of Pavilion. Bring your tent and extra gas and water ... 'cause you may not feel like going back to what they call 'civilization' and may want to spend a few extra days out there....though there's dude ranches and also the Echo Valley Spa and Resort at Jesmond, which looks super-nice though I've never been that far up. But maybe the most interesting of our glaciation stories is the nexus of canyons focussing on Lillooet.... which includes the U-turn at the Fountains as well as Cayoosh and Seton and Bridge Canyons and the strange bit of floating plate (?) that is Fountain Ridge, that I'd like to hear your take on. One point of interest, if you can find the mineralogical map of the Bridge River Canyon (Mission Pass to Moha), you'll see a bewildering fracture zone of different materials... the pressure of the Bridge Glacier wound up abutted against what I think was a nunatak of the Shulaps Range and Mission Ridge, which is an eastern extension of the Bendor Range.... . And then there's the story of the formation of Seton Portage, which I can advise you that the local band and BC Hydro are now studying, with an eye towards a crack on the northeastsernmost face of the Cayoosh Range along Seton Lake. I'm not a geologist but maybe should have been; I have several upper levels credits in geography, though not physical geography. But if when you come up here you'd like a research assistant and local guide do let me know... and maybe you and me could have a little chat about translating some of what I know and would like to write on into academic credit towards finishing my incomplete degree.... ?
Nick, a great river to use as a reference that you actually were using is the Mississippi River. The land rose so much during one episode of the Madrid Fault going off (during a Grand Solar Minimum) an earthquake, lifted the land so much the Mississippi flowed the opposite direction. For a short time but, wow! Is this true or is this hype?
Just wanted to let you know that 8 years later and your work still helps people.
Now it's 11 years ago 😊😊
This is the first time I understand geography! Thank you from Holland!
Great to hear, Kim!
You mean geology
James Bond in my geography class were discussing this topic therefore I said geography instead geology
+James Bond geography
Me to
Glad that you're liking our stuff, Chris! Are you the Chris that I met on Saturday at Dry Falls?
Thanks again for sharing life with enthusiasm and passion
11 years later and this still helps.
Have driven that canyon road many times. Never gets old.
hi bro
A road never gets old? Wtf are you talking about, dick, what does that mean?
I love the vibe of this video. Great presentation. And also the song.
Professor Zentner, another awesome installment of two minute geology. I love it!
Geography classes should be like this, instead drawing a diagram in black board , what our teachers do..
Exactly! :)
Would be expensive more than enough ...and our govt.will never invest so much for our education purpose and youth development...they can't understand investment in education is not spending..it will pay back to the country..
Nick, I've got a couple decades on you, but I can't tell you how much I enjoy being addressed in the beginning of the video as "young person". I'm still learning, in spite of my years! Edit - I've enjoyed bunches of your videos, both the short and full length ones. Thanks for all you've shared!
hi bro
@@vinxwl He uploads frequently to his own channel "Nick Zentner" and you'll find some older ones he uploaded to the Central Washington University channel.
You said "2 minute Geology", but the video was 3 minutes long!
Ahh it's ok dude Maggie also doesn't get cooked in 2 mins😂
1 min extra introduction
Very nicely explained. A good effort from the Prof. I would wish to see more such videos.
Thanks! We've got 12 videos online so far. Search '2 Minute Geology' in Google.
Well done! This series is a great idea - I'll be using them as my hook videos for my middle schoolers.
Are you alive?
Wow, brilliantly presented video!
Thank you! Hello from America.
No offense but i couldn't take my eyes off the meander on his head....
😂😂
Very soon it's going to join and make a straight line
bruh
That's cool! I always assumed that rivers just carved their way deep into the land. Love your series! It's very entertaining and informative.
hi bro
I live in southern appalachia in the ridge and valley section and in karst areas i look for big creeks with meanders cutting through lines of ridges because sinkholes, springs/swimming holes, and caves are always nearby.
Very good explanation. Great landscape. Thankyou for this video.
You have a capability of explaining things!! Very good
Thank you!
Best tune ever.. amazing information...
What's causing the uplift then?
Orogenesis, isostatic equilibrum.
You learn something new everyday. Cheers.
Love your tie and I'm liking the way you teach!
Thanks Patricia!
At 2:47. How long until the oxbow lake forms there? Looks like its getting close. A few million years perhaps?
As referenced in the video, it will not form an oxbow lake and instead continue down cutting.
fantastic resource, really well explained, showed to my A level group in UK, they love you!!
Sweet! Thanks for the report. Hello from the US.
Dear Geologist, we need more vedios
I'm a 23 year old architecture student and this is really useful to me! Thanks mate!
Thanks for the note, Tom. Good luck with your studies!
Thanks MrCalhoun! Looks like an interesting paper. I'll pretend I understand "cellular automaton approach"!
Nice line the podcast. Give me some pointers about Massachusetts please.
You rock! This helped me in my Geography class.
Yeah buddy!
Hi,
Can anyone tell the difference between entranched ingrown and incised meander.
Same concept for all terms.
It's so helpful I could never understand this concept in school.. But you did that in a couple of mins.. Thanks a ton! 😍
Could you put the lat longs or a googlemap url to the point where you took these pictures? It would be cool to use this in my class to teach the kids while doing a googlemaps fly over. Thanks for the awesome vids.
Moraines are ridges composed of poorly-sorted glacial till. They form at the edges of glaciers, so even when the ice melts away...we can determine where glaciers sat during the Ice Age. We'll do a video on moraines at some point down the road...
Florence K. Robinson Yes! A classic location...
I had to do a project by making a working meander, without this video, it wouldn’t have been possible!😊
This was very helpful, thank you.
Thank you 😊
You explained the concept by actually visualising it!
Love from India
thanks for the explanation
Thank you i have a geo test tomorrow and a national curiculam one too, thank you! greetings from dubai
Good luck, Maitha. Greetings from a little town near Seattle, Washington.
Very interesting, I had no idea about this but it makes a lot of sense. Thanks for the video, I like your style and it's very informative.
Thank you Sir for your explanation it nicely I was able to understand it finally
No, it wasn't me. Though I have been there before. Awesome location! Hey, I hope you and Tom continue with this series. I have really enjoyed it. May be you can double it and do a 4 minute Geology. May be you could do a video on the Mima Mounds west of LIttlerock, WA
It's really helping my students
That's nice to hear. Thanks.
Nice presentation Sir. Can you make a video on different type of streams like subsequent, consequent, obsequent etc.
Thanks for the comments. Your terms are new to me - I'll need to learn about them.
***** Oh okay. I have searched internet a lot but haven't find any concrete definitions.
mygranitodearena.blogspot.com/2016/09/formas-estructurales-elementales-y.html?m=1
So does this mean the Pacific plate is sliding underneath the west coast of the United States slowly lifting it up?
Good tip!
Hummm, what about the Colorado River and Grand Canyon? Could that also be an area of uplifting?
Hello from Australia!,
Excellent explanation and approach to geology.
Waiting for your next vids
Thanks!
Thanks Gavin! Tom & I are still out hiking and filming. We appreciate your encouragement.
Did you climb all that mountain alone?
One day this will be like the Grand Canyon of Washington State!
your effort for this video is so 👏👏
as someone whom has a keen interest in environmental science this was great
I have read that you can use Pi in a formula to determine rivers true length with meanders...
Unknown to me. Thanks.
I find that hard to believe. That is fascinating!!
Wonderful, thank you.
Thank you!
I really have enjoyed all these videos and have learned a lot more than I already knew, and I must say that our local geology is inspiring in the sense that it is as humbling as astronomy once we understand the scale of time on landscape.
Thanks for the thoughtful comment, P Prehn.
Hey ***** Could you also please do a video on mushroom rocks and how they're formed? I have an exam coming up and desperately need to understand the phenomenon. Thanks :)
We've got a lot of cool stuff here in Washington, Tushita, but mushroom rocks not in our wheelhouse. You're on your own!
I see. Anyway, thanks. love your videos :)
@@TushitaSinghisawesome maybe they are the cap rocks above the rocks which are more susceptible to wind erosion.
Is it suppose to be so bare in trees and such?
Nick it's Helicoidal Flow and Meanders also have riffles and pools. Also Erosion and Deposition!
Good to know.
Awesome explanation. Greetings from India!
Thanks from USA!
The Mr Rogers of geology .I love it
Entrenched Meanders and what a pleasure!
Thanks for watching, Ahmed.
@@Ellensburg44 Thanx and Welcome Nick! Take care!
hello sir, what is the difference between incised meander and entrenched meander
Same thing!
Great video helped me with my homework :)
Nice to hear. Thanks.
Just like horseshoe bend near Glen Canyon dam, on the Colorado River. Awesome for explaining this. It makes perfect sense now. Same applies to the Grand Canyon.
Yes. Thanks.
Nick~ Great videos Sir. I grew up on the bridgeport Bar downstream of Chief Joseph dam. I hunted all over the area and was always impressed with the geology and wondered about the "white rocks",columnar basalt, the chalkhills on the way to waterville, dry falls, et al... Thank You, will we be seeing more?
Thanks Dan. We have more in the works. You grew up in great country!
Very helpful Icl, cheers from Ireland 🇮🇪
What's the future of a formation like that? Seems as now that the river is "intrenched" it will likely cut an extremely sheer path for itself as the ground rises, possibly leading to an eventual collapse? Just curious.
Yes, we visualize a deeper canyon in the future as the uplift continues.
thestadermann....the uplift is being driven by a graceful clockwise rotation within the North American Plate here in the Pacific Northwest. The rotation is from movement of the Pacific and Juan De Fuca plates. Thanks for your interest.
I chuckle when you say hello young people. Me and Leslie are 62 and 65 respectivley. We are staying young by learning new things all the time so I suppose you are talking to us too!
James Mac Arthur
Totally! Thanks for watching our videos, James.
Thanks brother. I really needed this to understand the concept of meanders and by your help, i understood the concept easily in roughly 2 minutes. Much love from pakistan ❤
How do meanders form? Surely wouldn't the water want to reach sea level the fastest way possible, or am I missing something here :S .
oh no, I get it now. The river isn't straight at the beginning, and so those bends just become more exaggerated due to erosion. Thanks for the video
Thanks for watching.
You are very informative.. U put lot of efforts.. I Appreciate that man.. Thank you 🤗
love this video ...very helpfull
Terrific. Thanks.
i am a little confused sir.....plse explain the difference between entrenched meanders and meanders or are they both same??
+nihit srivastava Sir, meanders are the river curves that develop on flat land. Entrenched meanders are the rive curves that dig down into the bedrock layers forming canyons. Thanks for watching.
Thank you this was really helpful
Explained beautifully 🙂
can anyone explain how the land rises between the river? that makes no sense. if it were tectonic activity wouldn’t the river rise as well?
None of this addresses the fact that meanders develop on a completely flat surface i.e. a piece of glass due to the nature of how water moves i.e. the sine curve. It would be nice to have a simple description of this. My high school teacher demonstrated it on a sand board. Absolutely fascinating
I think we made the flat surface point, but you're right, if we had more time, a discussion of the meander development would've been good to add.
this dude seems chill
Thanks for watching, TaylorFarm1. Great to hear that we'll be in your middle school classroom!
Thankyou so much 💓. Finally I understood this .
Love from India.
Okay, so what is pushing the land upwards?
Good question. Northern California is being driven northward into a stable northern Washington. Crustal squeezing and uplift are the result.
plate techtonics 101
Professor have you been holding out on your live stream fans by not singing us a geology song and playing your guitar?
Uplift intensifies erosion, IronMan. Your potholes and fast water make sense with an entrenched meander system. We have geodetic instruments measuring uplift rates.
Practical Teaching.
Thanks a lot
+Ashan Peiris Happy to serve, Ashan.
Whoa! I didn't know that was how it worked. So the land is moving against the river. Great stuff! Thanks for teaching me something today.
Lovely. Thank you!!..
excellent explanation thank you!!!
Thanks Maria!
This is very helpful, thanks a lot !
Impressed with the correct spelling of 'a lot', WTF. Kudos.
I have a more ''academic'' english, since it's not my native language, but thank you Prof :p
The Fraser has lots of meanders in its upper stretch SE of Prince George (called the Robson Valley as Mount Robson is at the SE end of it), and especially in the Lower Fraser below Hope. Hatzic Lake is a meander that became an oxbow lake, for a prime example; it was a meander of the Fraser at one time.
I look forward to your piece on the formation of the Fraser-Whatcom Lowland; did you know the Fraser used to exit via Bellingham Bay and that there are ripple formations in the Everson WA area farmland, which is the rise of ground between what had been Sumas Lake (until it was drained in the early 20th Century) and where the Fraser would have flowed at one time...... I think into Bellingham Bay but maybe north of there I'm not sure exactly.
There's a huge switchback on the Fraser between Fountain and Lillooet just above the Bridge River Rapids, which are formed by a rock shelf and which in gold rush times were called "the Falls of the Fraser". But it wasn't cut by a meander but the result of the river being forced to turn north 180 degrees, then south 180 degrees, within a mile radius, despite the 5000'-7000' peaks on all sides.. .when you do visit you'll note the benchlands north of Pavilion are sometimes higher than what's below... but a slide at Texas Creek about 20 miles south of Lillooet is known to have formed the bench where the Keatley Creek archaeological site is (a few miles north of Fountain; but benches south of there were formed by a more southerly blockage of the river... around where Hell's Gate is south of Boston Bar (which is on a bench, but which would have been underwater when the benches between Lytton and Lillooet were formed.
Lots up here for you to have a look at, my friend.
BC on my list. Thanks for the encouragement.
@@Ellensburg44 I haven't had the time to write you but have had in mind a list of features I would be great to hear your take on them... once you have understood them. in addition to those mentioned above already. Mount Meager has been steaming lately - something to do with its ice being gone from climate-change melt it's releasing pressure still active beneath.... there are six fumaroles now active (big ones) near the summit).
BC volcanics is a whole series by itself but your video on Seattle's geology had me wanting to see you, or someone, do the same for the Lower Mainland-Whatcom County lowland and the Lower Mainland's various landforms. Nazko Cone west of Quesnel has rumblings deep under it indicating magma movement; it's the youngest of the Anahim Volcanic Belt which begins on Queen Charlotte Strait near Alert Bay. Tseax Cone in the Nass destroyed a large Nisga''a village about 1690 I think, or 1790.
But for visible volcanics in range of Seattle, you really can't beat the Squamish-Whistler area, which is also the way you get to Mount Meager and the Bridge River volcanics near it. Look up The Barrier and The Table and of course the famous but not recent but rather ancient Black Tusk and other notable landmarks of the Garibaldi Lake area. Brandywine Falls is a huge lava flow forming a cliff, along which the old cattle trail (now a bike trail) along the edge of the lava flow north of it, which overlooks the upper Cheakamus above Daisy Lake. and which has Highway 99 and the railway on top of it... along that trail there's ponds that have lava crystals below the surface... which you can stand up on, same with other lakes nearer Squamish. The upper Squamish River and its pass over into the upper Soo River also has yet more volcanics. Given Mount Meager just north, it has me wondering what may be under the Pemberton Icecap. Which is melting significantly... as is the Lillooet Icecap and all our others... another whole episode worth making.... I wish I had your production skills and delivery - and the time - to make such videos.
You'll note on the map there's a certain spot along the Fraser where north of it, tributaries flow into it northwards, and south of it more southerly in alignment e.g. the Bridge and the Thompson vs Churn Creek and the San Jose and Quesnel Rivers north of Big Bar Ferry. The reason is that area was the centre of the Fraser Icecap.
The benchland country of the central Fraser Canyon and lower Thompson will entrance you....and it's all gravel access, other than south of Pavilion. Bring your tent and extra gas and water ... 'cause you may not feel like going back to what they call 'civilization' and may want to spend a few extra days out there....though there's dude ranches and also the Echo Valley Spa and Resort at Jesmond, which looks super-nice though I've never been that far up.
But maybe the most interesting of our glaciation stories is the nexus of canyons focussing on Lillooet.... which includes the U-turn at the Fountains as well as Cayoosh and Seton and Bridge Canyons and the strange bit of floating plate (?) that is Fountain Ridge, that I'd like to hear your take on. One point of interest, if you can find the mineralogical map of the Bridge River Canyon (Mission Pass to Moha), you'll see a bewildering fracture zone of different materials... the pressure of the Bridge Glacier wound up abutted against what I think was a nunatak of the Shulaps Range and Mission Ridge, which is an eastern extension of the Bendor Range.... .
And then there's the story of the formation of Seton Portage, which I can advise you that the local band and BC Hydro are now studying, with an eye towards a crack on the northeastsernmost face of the Cayoosh Range along Seton Lake.
I'm not a geologist but maybe should have been; I have several upper levels credits in geography, though not physical geography. But if when you come up here you'd like a research assistant and local guide do let me know... and maybe you and me could have a little chat about translating some of what I know and would like to write on into academic credit towards finishing my incomplete degree.... ?
@@tamanassmannice
Thanks for watching, divya divu!
Dont go on appearence
This very helpful. Mostly helpful in my Geography subject. Thank you♥️♥️
The first time I understand geography
It was useful for me even after 11 years later
I now get why some people love geology so much.
Bow ties are cool!
Also great video, really helped with the learning from home due to Covid-19
Damn it's been 2 years
I will comment . It’s been awhile. Nick is cool I wish he’d come to Massachusetts with his infon
Nick, a great river to use as a reference that you actually were using is the Mississippi River. The land rose so much during one episode of the Madrid Fault going off (during a Grand Solar Minimum) an earthquake, lifted the land so much the Mississippi flowed the opposite direction. For a short time but, wow! Is this true or is this hype?
True.
Is this real meander or settings ?
I don't understand your question.
did he actuly climb up there
VERY HELPFUL