@@mdmiloy5897 Vassals are not 100% controlled. I do not know exactly the context of this conversation but, even though Armenia was a client state and vassal of Rome at some points during Roman history, it is not included as a full-on part of the empire on any map I have ever looked at, regardless of the period.
So a half Japanese half Chinese son of a pirate turned Admiral leads a force of Samurai , Chinese soldiers and Afrikan Gunner's - and they say fiction is not grounded in real life.
Don't forget the random English samurai who just show up in the history for a little while! I guess modern world is too contaminated with nationalism and identity politics, but the past was a clusterfuck of all sorta people.
Can you believe that he is a mix of almost everything: half Chinese, half Japanese, descendants of pirate and samurai (from her mother's side), a scholar trained in Confucius doctrine, a great general and admiral, fierce pirate, a prince and a self-made king, even being a madmen to some degree. In short, he is such an intriguing person！
Samurai were definitely not fighting as pirates, although the Japanese pirates (though they were few in actuality within the wokou) did possess prowess in swordsmanship and spear usage, they were definitely not samurai.
@@ricanredru4760 why would you say that? You do realize that the USA does on the books business with some of the most morally questionable people on the planet... let alone their off the books deals with so called enemies of the state. Why does race have to enter the equation? Sounds like someone bought into the nonsensical propaganda...
@@MarkSeiler you're missing the point. There's people that will deliberately lie about their own countries history just to never empower certain people or communities.
Koxinga also raided several towns in the Philippines and threatened to invade Manila if the Spanish didn't pay tribute to him. The situation was so bad for the Spanish that they had to end their plan to colonize Mindanao and give up their colonies at the Maluku Islands. However this invasion never took place due to Koxinga's death.
Another reason was that Koxinga received news that there were some massacres happened there by the Spanish colonists against migrant Chinese population.
@@XuerLi Spain didnt have Colonies. All those territories, from Naples to Flandes, from Chile to the Philippines they were Spain and thier habitants were just citicens of Spain.
I wonder what had the Philippines look like now if he did invade and succeed, I mean majority will be Buddhist, a new Ming Dynasty will be established there and everyone will be Chinese for sure. Maybe it will be Taiwan but stronger and bigger?
Koxinga - "Hey Dutch, this other fort surrendered so we executed all the men and enslaved the women. Do you want to surrender too?" Dutch - "No" Koxinga - *surprised pikachu face*
"Taiwan was always meant to be a temporary base from where he could strike back to retake the mainland" Sound just like the KMT a few decades ago looool History repeating itself 300 year later.........
The ROC is much like the Ming Dynasty - a native regime. However, the Qing Dynasty brought "foreign people" (the Manchus) into China, while the PRC brought "foreign idea" (communism) into China. And to your surprise, you might find it interesting that Emperor Pu Yi, the last Qing Emperor and his royal house became strong supporters of communism.
@@anantakandaka5096 ??? What??? How do you write that sentence with a straight face? You're claiming because Communism was a foreign idea, PROC is illegitimate but Republic of China was founded on the another foreign ideology of Democratic republicanism???? This is illogical!
Koxinga: Surrender and I'll leave you unharmed Fort 1: *Surrenders* Koxinga: *Sacks Fort 1* Fort 2: *Does not surrender* Koxinga: *Surprised Pikachu face*
Thanks for this video! Dutch Formosa is never really covered by history books in the Netherlands, as the focus of colonial history is more on Indonesia, Suriname and the Antilles. I knew a bit about some pirate king capturing it from the Dutch and handing it over to the Chinese empire, but not much more than that. This video has been very revealing.
The signature "Zheng" on the peace treaty kept in The Hague Museum in the Netherlands. This is his official name. Interestingly, because the Spanish slaughtered Chinese businessmen in Manila, he also planned to attack Manila. However, his life had been harassed by tropical diseases and he died soon after.
poguemahone tbf there are a lot of secoundary events like this in history that are interesting, but not necessarily vital to know. if we learned about each of the events like this one, history classes would move through 1 year of history every irl school year!
he's basically the sole reason how, in the first place, Taiwan was connected with China, and Japan lol... the other funny rumors to know is, his lieutenant Chen is allegedly one of the founders of Tiandihui (nowadays Triad), as a continuation of resisting Manchurian ruling over Han chinese after the forces of Koxinga was properly defeated by Qing.
The Dutch calling of KoxinGa is originated from GuoXingYe in Chinese meaning: "the man who was granted with the royal surname of the Ming court, Zhu/ Chu
@@xXxSkyViperxXx just to point out that Hokkien is the dialect spoken in Fujian province, Hokkien (福建) is the pronunciation of Fujian (福建) in the Fujian dialect.
@@brainwashington1332 hokkien is a chinese language of the southern Min family. it is the most famous among the other Min languages because of its reach overseas, hence it is the one that naturally got its name from the name of the entire province. sometimes it is also called as Fukien or Fookien or sometimes as Minnan. the naming dispute is hard to resolve because using Minnan is also not specific enough. Minnan or Southern Min also includes Teochew which is also a different unintelligible sister language located in the outskirts of Fujian in Guangdong province. Hainanese is also included in the same family branch but located far away in Hainan island near Vietnam and Guangdong province. chinese languages are mostly not intelligible with each other and in themselves have dialects of their own. the Taiwanese dialect of Hokkien, for example is only a dialect compared to dialects of Hokkien in mainland China and in multiple countries in Southeast Asia.
@@xXxSkyViperxXx I speak Hokkien actually, my step mom is Teochew and it is very similar to Hokkien (Teochew is the Cao Zhou Hua pronunciation of Cao Zhou). As for Fukien or Fookien, they are the Cantonese (Guang Dong Hua) pronunciation of Hokkien. Regardless in which dialect it is spoken, 福建 (Fujian) means the same thing and is written the same, 福 means prosperous and 建 means health. Yes, they all belong to the Minnan family of dialects. Cantonese belongs to the Yue group of dialects which I also speak.
Great Video! I'm from Xiamen, which used to be the base of Koxinga for a decade or two before he settled in Taiwan. There is actually a big statue of him in Xiamen. Also the primary school I went to was built next to Yanwu Pond, which used to be the pond Koxinga trained his naval force. Anyway, great video! Koxinga is a man with some interesting life story.
Yeh, a ton of history which I'd never known, not even remotely. I had no idea the Dutch were on Taiwan or even fought with/against Chinese types at all.
Koxinga= 国姓爷, literally means "The Lord with Emperor's Family Name". His real name is Zheng Cheng Gong, Cheng Gong = succeed or achieve honor. Also, today there is one district in Xia Men (a city in Fujian province) called "Si Ming", which means missing or thinking the Ming :(
Zheng Chenggong is not a pirate, but his father, Zheng Zhilong, was. Koxinga was a loyalist of Ming Empire, who refused to surrender to Manchu, even after his father had already given himself up to the Qing.
@@yasinibrahim I suggested that a while back I think they will do it as part of their Ottoman series(Ottomans where involved after all). The Axum-Himyarite War is more plausible at the moment due to the conflict featuring in Total War something Kings and Generals use often in their videos.
To clarify, a rebel leader Li Zicheng captured Beijing, which forced the emperor to commit suicide. The northern army of Ming who was fighting against the Manchus wanted to join the rebels. They were rejected. Their family received persecution by the rebels, which forced them to join the Qing. Li Zicheng was defeated.
@@Peizxcv this is a history channel, then it should reveal the full story so that people understand thoroughly, else those ppl from other region might get confused with the names of one same character. and we are not the believer of his temple or the sailors from the same era of his, so it is abundance to follow that way. Cheng Ho has been honored as San Bao Tan Jian as well, but we still call him Cheng Ho. and if you are right, we should not be calling the Chinese emperor's name like Qian Long or Yong Zheng, because that is just not respectful to the emperor. but why do we still call them that way? because your theory just doesnt work today. We are learning history here not worshipping some goddess or hero
For I understood the soldiers of Koxing after their defeat against Qing(after his death) were integrated into Qing and many of them end up serving the dynasty in posts all over empire including in north against Russians. So thats kind interesiting.
Great video. I lived in Tainan City for seven years and read many accounts of the battles for Fort Zeelandia and of the Zheng dynasty. The Zheng family went through so much drama before and after arriving in Taiwan. It would make a compelling HBO series.
In that era when the barbarians conquered China, many influential figures came from Quanzhou, Fujian. The positive figures were Zheng Chenggong, but the negative figures were also his fellow countrymen Shi Lang and Hong Chengchou.
During the 16th. century, Ming China was still a naval power to be reckoned with. Before Coxinga gave the Dutch a thrashing, the Chinese had defeated the Portuguese in two battles, Battle of Sincouwaan & Battle of Tunmen.
This is the history of Taiwan aborigin according to AI: "From the coast of South China, Austronesian groups migrated to Taiwan around 6,000 years ago. Taiwan then became a center for further spread, with waves of migration bringing Austronesian culture and language to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and as far as the Pacific and Madagascar."
Engaging, well paced, crafted and produced. Kudos! I about a part of Chinese andTaiwanese history that I probably never would have taken the time to learn.
There is a solider who fought for the Dutch at Fort Zeelandia against Koxinga at the time named Albrecht Herport. This is what he said about the Ming Dynasty China "The Chinese knew how to make very effective guns and cannons, so that it’s scarcely possible to find their equal elsewhere".
The account of the battle against Coyett/Hollanders came mostly from the accounts of Coyett but I should mention there are other sourcing which described things differently. For example, in the first naval engagement described in 16:29, the Portuguese witness of the battle said that the Dutch lost not because of a lucky shot which caused their ship to explode, but because of Chinese fireships. Likewise for the engagement at the beach in 16:41, the Chinese account only said that they used 1000 men to directly participate in the battle, not 4000 as claimed by Coyett. The same account also blamed the Dutch defeat to Coyett, whereas Coyett's account blamed it on Captain Pedel.
You always have 2 stories in history. And historians take all the cronicles and see which parts of all the cronicles makes sense and by that make a story on how it PROBABLY went. In this video I agree with everything. It is not Coyett who said it this way but also tens of eye witness Dutchmen who had it written in their diary. Some lie here in the Dutch Museum.
@@KoenBoyful As far as I know the only Dutch contemporary account is from Coyett. The other sources I've read to cross-compare accounts comes from a Chinese writer who interviewed with Koxinga's generals (Jiang Ri Sheng), a Chinese eye-witness of the expedition (Ying Yang), a Portuguese eye-witness who tagged along with Koxinga during the expedition (Philip Meij), and from a B&R anonymous Spanish account. From what I've seen the video only relies on Coyett's account, and this is questionable because the purpose of Coyett's account, written by Coyett, was to exonerate Coyett for the loss of Formosa. If you know these other eye-witness accounts from the Dutchmen then please do share their names so I can look up their accounts.
Zheng Zhilong was just a pirate businessman, unlike his son he didn't receive any proper confucian education, he was never a Ming loyalist, he had strong military forces in Fujian but refused the orders from Longwu emperor of fighting against the Qing, instead he took a large portion of his troops and surrendered to Qing.
@@mq7447 who says that Qing didn't modernise? The Ming merely reverse engineered some European cannons and firearms. Meanwhile, late Qing also underwent socio-economic reforms modelled after the west. All the cutting edge weapons that the Beiyang clique armies possessed were also inherited from the Qing.
@@mq7447 I think that Qing society and government is more or less the same as the Ming, just different rulers. Neither dynasties can keep up with the west had they persisted with their neo Confucian policies. Mere intellectual exchanges with the Jesuits won't be sufficient. I think that significant advancements were only made around the time of and since the may forth movement where western institutions and ideas like liberalism, republicanism and socialism began to spread.
As always, beautiful content. Things I would probably never have the ocasion to discover, I find here. Also, the artwork of late become increasingly beautiful. Thank you for this and keep it up! Signed: a curious European.
This is one of the most interesting episodes on something I had close to 0 knowledge about. The amount of people from different ethnic & cultural backgrounds working together on this one was incredibly interesting and kind of emotional.
The most interesting part you forgot to add is that the Dutch fortress was initially owned by the Spanish. Conquistadores had arrived there with the intent of trying to conquer China from the Phillipines. Scheming governors and ambitious Spaniards/Portuguese (united at the time) thought to use Taiwan as a forward base to invade southern China. This never happened b/c the Dutch caught them with their pants down. Instead the Spanish and Portuguese conquistadores united to invade Cambodia which is a story for another time.
Shi Lang 施琅 deserved a mention, he was a talented officer in Koxinga’s fleet, but had issues with Koxinga’s son, when Shi left to work for the Qing, Koxinga had Shi’s father and son killed, motivating Shi to destroy the Koxinga clan. Shi became the commander in chief of the Qing fleets and led 300 warships and over 20K troops from Fujian Province to defeat the Koxinga clan at the Battle of Penghu (1683), and bringing Taiwan into the Qing empire.
Shi Lang and his brother, as well as Gan Hui were three of the most fearsome generals under Koxinga, unfortunately Shi Lang had bad relationship with Koxinga and eventually surrendered to Qing, and Gan was killed in the siege of Nanjing.
You guys should totally do a video on the southern Ming remnants in Yunnan and the coast. And include that Polish priest who went back to ask the Pope for help against the Qing.
The emperor committee suicide when the peasant army took over the capital, which basically forced the army garrisoned at great wall join forces with the Manchus, some details u might missed.
Interesting times. There’s also this Japanese lord named Yamada Nagamasa who served the Thai / Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya. Ayutthaya also employed Europeans to man their artillery. Asia at that time was more cosmopolitan than we think.
Chinese, Indians and Arabs have settled in SE Asia since ancient times. I figure Japanese emigrated to the Philippines too. At the end of Ming dynasty, European colonialism has reared its ugly in SE Asia too.
Asia has always been cosmopolitan since the medieval times... Europeans were very late to the party, mostly because they lived in the remote northwest corner of the continent...
Pick up a history book. Ayutthaya was once one of the richest cities in the world. Angkor was also a very large and metropolitan city. Japan was also WAY more metropolitan than the Portuguese when they arrived in Japan. Portugal's population was only 2 million while Spain's was 8 million. Meanwhile Japan was 18 to 26 million. If wasnt for the firearm technology, the West might not have been so successful
There is a reason why the Chinese and the Japanese regarded the Europeans at the time as barbarians as well. They had poor hygiene compared to Asians at the time, took over land because Europe was a sh*thole, and wasn’t as rich in resources. That’s all it is to it. If you look at last history, the most prosperous and peaceful times were in Asia specifically South East Asia. If you were from anywhere else, you would have experienced things like constant war, raids, failed alliances and genocide. Those things happened as well but not the same extent as in Europe and regions around Europe
Koxinga(Dutch of 国姓爷) means Mr. "Imperial surname". To be bestowed the Imperial surname is a great honor. Whos original surname is 郑Zheng, first name is 森sen, courtesy name is 成功(Success), the Imperial surname of Ming Dynasty is 朱zhu.
The Ming princes fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which remnants fought against the Qing. 400 years or so later, the KMT also fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which they fought against the CCP. I wonder whether KMT Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was influenced by history.
I don't think he was. I mean Taiwan was basically his only possible option thanks to it being relatively free from Communist influence due to Japanese colonialism and the islands ethnic and cultural distinctiveness.
Also one thing in common, both were shit at managing the country in their later years. (massive scale of famine, diseases and inability to govern properly among political infightings)
@@jerryx3253 Yes the KMT never managed to get a full grip on the chaos of the warlord era after the Qing. Still, the famine and death under their control pales in comparison to that caused by Mao and his social engineering projects.
@@jerryx3253 between 15-55 million died in the great famine. Millions were persecuted during Mao's time, especially during the Cultural Revolution. Meanwhile, Taiwan thrived and prospered.
In Taiwan we usually just call him by his actual name "Zheng Cheng Kung". The title Koxinga is used sparingly, mostly in folk religion (Yes he is worshiped in Taiwan as a deity, not a major one though). His given name Cheng Kung, which conveniently literally means success or achievement, is also used to name a high school and an university to commemorate him.
*Dutch is mentioned in Thumbnail* *Loud rumble can be heard in the distance as the Dutch are coming to do what's know as* *"G E K O L O N I S E E R D !"*
Great work. Hard to believe, that I, a Chinese, would learn so much about this legendary pirates family in an English speaking youtube channel. Kudos to you.
people talk about the Russo-japanese war in 1905 was the first great defeat of european powers by an asian one. I say it's when the Ming took back Taiwan from the Dutch
@@luux4177 yeh definately not after they got the blame of the first war. Although they were polite enough to respect our neutrality the first war. The second not so much and our elder still call the germans names for that
Okay dude I’m fine with stereotypes because they’re usually accurate and make for good humour but let’s face it you probably wouldn’t be playing on stereotypes about a non-white people... it’s not politically correct to do so.
There is an important omission in this video. The narrative states that the Chinese had no modern firepower. On the contrary, Koxinga's forces, besides musketeers, possessed numerous cannons which were used to bombard Fort Zeelandia.
@@KingsandGenerals Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade mentions Koxinga's use of cannons in the siege. His following book The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History provides an insightful history of Chinese military developments prior to the Sino-Dutch War.
@@KingsandGenerals The museums in Taiwan say that Koxinga had cannons that were generations behind in technology to Dutch firepower. But they still had cannons.
Kings and Generals ...that is very very surprising coming from a channel of your caliber. That simply doesn’t make sense though. Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade....specifically and very clearly mentions several occasions where Koxinga used cannons in his siege of fort Zeelandia. In particular Philip Meij, a surveyor under Koxinga and Coyett’s secretary recorded 1700 and 2500 cannonshots on the day Koxinga’s troops attacked the redoubt near the main fort that sealed the fate of the battle. The Chinese cannons were likely low caliber but they undoubtedly have them, and they were powerful enough to reduce that redoubt to nothing.
One thing though, while there are hypothesis that Koxinga’s elite Iron Men were equiped and influenced by Japanese samurai, there are no direct evidence there are actual Japanese samurai or ronin serving him. At least none English-language sources I came across. He certainly did use small units of African musketeers and bodyguards as his father did, this was well-documented.
Koxinga sent a letter to the Japanese Shogunate Government to seek help restoring Ming. Some Warlords did wish to join the fray, stating that would be a good training for their warriors, the Shogun ultimately decided they shouldn't interfere.
It's amazing also common place that throughout history Africans have their places in many favorable n admirable role in foreign culture. I.e during the Tong dynasty, in which foreigners were allow to pursuit imperial bureaucracy. Although foreign officers initially had a low limit to their rise in rank, as time past the ranking ceiling kept raising. One, foreigner prove to be just as loyal n competent to the Chinese counterpart. Two, the Tong emperor saw this as competition to whom could serve best their lord beneficial. On record there were African mandarins in pretty high rank.
The whole video is so good that it didn't occur to me that the video is named after the character introduced 8 mins in. I thought Zhilong was the pirate king in the first place.
Hello from Taiwan, area near fort provintia later became Taiwan oldest city:Tainan(lit: south of Taiwan) which i lived there for few years. Over the centuries, the lagoon around fort zelandia are become dry land. now both zelandia and provintia are inland several kilometers, so one can only imagine what was like almost 400 years ago.
Someone make a game of this, a massive open world seafaring game where you get a ship, kit it out and go on raids. You could even chose your race and nationality and colour your pirate ship
At 14:24 the figures used appear to be South Indian Chettiar from Braun and Schneider's Historic Costume in Pictures, rather than the Taiwanese natives intended(who would be more similar to the natives of Borneo in the same book). But other than that, this was a fascinating look at an amazing historical figure who should definitely have a movie made about his exploits!
Let's form our own navy: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals
Hey 👋
Hi, I've been watching you since the King and Generals Turkey War of Independence in 2017 you could do the serial please
Koxinga is not a pirate king that is an insult to his title 'Koxinga'. The lord of Imperial Surname.
Please cover Marius vs Sulla and the reforms.🙏
And Graccho Brothers.
Thank you for the hard work !
@@mdmiloy5897 Vassals are not 100% controlled. I do not know exactly the context of this conversation but, even though Armenia was a client state and vassal of Rome at some points during Roman history, it is not included as a full-on part of the empire on any map I have ever looked at, regardless of the period.
So a half Japanese half Chinese son of a pirate turned Admiral leads a force of Samurai , Chinese soldiers and Afrikan Gunner's - and they say fiction is not grounded in real life.
Not many Japanese were left by that time
Don't forget the random English samurai who just show up in the history for a little while! I guess modern world is too contaminated with nationalism and identity politics, but the past was a clusterfuck of all sorta people.
Taiwan in a nutshell.
@Tango Zulu especially the german 😂
@my name is my name i would watch that if amazon would make it.
Destroy the Ming fleet, and them become the Ming main naval force.
STONKS
That seems to be a pattern for chinese pirates
FD_Stalker
Everyone will be assimilated
FD_Stalker thus this is the fate of the USA as well
Same thing goes to the Roman Empire even before 3rd century crisis.
@The Martial Lord of Loyalty since when did Chinese people eat men?
Can you believe that he is a mix of almost everything: half Chinese, half Japanese, descendants of pirate and samurai (from her mother's side), a scholar trained in Confucius doctrine, a great general and admiral, fierce pirate, a prince and a self-made king, even being a madmen to some degree.
In short, he is such an intriguing person！
A true mad man
Don't forget that his realm was run like a business and specialised in trade.
Don't forget He had also a white dutch concubine too😉💖!!!!
And They said he is a moody man..
@@azzurracupini6441 you think that's funny? You clearly don't understand how messed up that was.
"Really fun episode!", tell that to the guys on bottom of the sea
@GoodGirlKate the joke or the bottom?
Gluten Orm "Donald Trump will probably end up in a Gulag".
Don't get our hopes up for nothing...
@@mdmiloy5897 there's no way they see this comment lol
All hail Kings and Generals, henceforth renamed Kings and Admirals
Emperors and admirals.
Admirals are generals
_Captains_ and admirals
@@misterfishman7897 that doesn't make sense
@@Georgios1821 So are everyone
The Chinese, African and Samurai Warriors TOGETHER is pretty cool. This would be an awesome movie.
Samurai were definitely not fighting as pirates, although the Japanese pirates (though they were few in actuality within the wokou) did possess prowess in swordsmanship and spear usage, they were definitely not samurai.
@@sparda11 probably former Samurai or Ronin who lost their masters. Although stealing and killing is allowed
Stories like this is what scares the bejesus out of white nationalist in the USA or the West
@@ricanredru4760 why would you say that? You do realize that the USA does on the books business with some of the most morally questionable people on the planet... let alone their off the books deals with so called enemies of the state. Why does race have to enter the equation? Sounds like someone bought into the nonsensical propaganda...
@@MarkSeiler you're missing the point. There's people that will deliberately lie about their own countries history just to never empower certain people or communities.
Koxinga also raided several towns in the Philippines and threatened to invade Manila if the Spanish didn't pay tribute to him. The situation was so bad for the Spanish that they had to end their plan to colonize Mindanao and give up their colonies at the Maluku Islands. However this invasion never took place due to Koxinga's death.
Spain didnt left The Philippines, nor payed tribute to nobody
Another reason was that Koxinga received news that there were some massacres happened there by the Spanish colonists against migrant Chinese population.
@@XuerLi Spain didnt have Colonies. All those territories, from Naples to Flandes, from Chile to the Philippines they were Spain and thier habitants were just citicens of Spain.
@@rodrigogimenez-ricolaguna4913 I live here in the Philippines and you, my friend, don't know what you are saying.
I wonder what had the Philippines look like now if he did invade and succeed, I mean majority will be Buddhist, a new Ming Dynasty will be established there and everyone will be Chinese for sure.
Maybe it will be Taiwan but stronger and bigger?
Koxinga - "Hey Dutch, this other fort surrendered so we executed all the men and enslaved the women. Do you want to surrender too?"
Dutch - "No"
Koxinga - *surprised pikachu face*
ok, your funny, using enslaved people as a joke... 😂🤣
Dutch should have drawn and quartered him for that kind of treachery.
@@axolotl-guy9801 of course, Koxinga is not a pirate, only his father is,
Koxinga is a mandarin and general, he will not mistreat women like that,
@@axolotl-guy9801 lol butthurt
@@Emilechen Well I mean, It's was not any western countrie his or her bisnusses at all, the Dutch had now right. But I don't like this persons humour.
"Taiwan was always meant to be a temporary base from where he could strike back to retake the mainland" Sound just like the KMT a few decades ago looool
History repeating itself 300 year later.........
The ROC is much like the Ming Dynasty - a native regime. However, the Qing Dynasty brought "foreign people" (the Manchus) into China, while the PRC brought "foreign idea" (communism) into China.
And to your surprise, you might find it interesting that Emperor Pu Yi, the last Qing Emperor and his royal house became strong supporters of communism.
@@anantakandaka5096 Republicanism and Liberal democracy is also a foreign idea lmao.
@@anantakandaka5096 Didn't Pu Yi join fascist powers to become the head of Manchukuo puppet state? Even converting to worship Amaterasu?
反攻大陆！
Well probably it's all squares to you but it is the motto for KMT AND means retake the mainland,
@@anantakandaka5096 ??? What??? How do you write that sentence with a straight face? You're claiming because Communism was a foreign idea, PROC is illegitimate but Republic of China was founded on the another foreign ideology of Democratic republicanism???? This is illogical!
Koxinga: Surrender and I'll leave you unharmed
Fort 1: *Surrenders*
Koxinga: *Sacks Fort 1*
Fort 2: *Does not surrender*
Koxinga: *Surprised Pikachu face*
As a history buff, it's not every day i see something interesting that i have absolutely no idea about! Great job, it was an amazing video!
Thanks for this video!
Dutch Formosa is never really covered by history books in the Netherlands, as the focus of colonial history is more on Indonesia, Suriname and the Antilles.
I knew a bit about some pirate king capturing it from the Dutch and handing it over to the Chinese empire, but not much more than that.
This video has been very revealing.
assume it is because there are more ppl from those nations who are currently living in Holland
The signature "Zheng" on the peace treaty kept in The Hague Museum in the Netherlands. This is his official name. Interestingly, because the Spanish slaughtered Chinese businessmen in Manila, he also planned to attack Manila. However, his life had been harassed by tropical diseases and he died soon after.
Human generals: I'm unstoppable
Virus, germs and parasites: Hold my beer
"I have an idea. Let's betray our word and convince the enemy they can't trust us. Then they'll surrender for sure!" -70% of commanders.
In Europa Universalis IV you get an event mentioning him as a European country, when you control land in the East Indies.
Unbelievable we get taught 0 about these stories in history class. EU IV does a much better job. I wasnt aware of Murat Reis until I played EU IV.
And also the forming event of the kingdom of tungning in taiwan, once the ming have mingxploded
# Eu4 gang
@Argacyan We are everywhere there is history!
poguemahone tbf there are a lot of secoundary events like this in history that are interesting, but not necessarily vital to know. if we learned about each of the events like this one, history classes would move through 1 year of history every irl school year!
This was never heard informations about Koxinga during the transition from Ming to Qing dynasty. good content!
hi i'm your subscriber.
didn't expect to see your comment here.
Though it’s pretty well known in the Chinese speaking world, of course 😛
he's basically the sole reason how, in the first place, Taiwan was connected with China, and Japan lol...
the other funny rumors to know is, his lieutenant Chen is allegedly one of the founders of Tiandihui (nowadays Triad), as a continuation of resisting Manchurian ruling over Han chinese after the forces of Koxinga was properly defeated by Qing.
The Dutch calling of KoxinGa is originated from GuoXingYe in Chinese meaning: "the man who was granted with the royal surname of the Ming court, Zhu/ Chu
its actually "Kok-sèng-iâ" in Hokkien POJ. that was the predominant spoken language during that era there
@@xXxSkyViperxXx just to point out that Hokkien is the dialect spoken in Fujian province, Hokkien (福建) is the pronunciation of Fujian (福建) in the Fujian dialect.
@@brainwashington1332 hokkien is a chinese language of the southern Min family. it is the most famous among the other Min languages because of its reach overseas, hence it is the one that naturally got its name from the name of the entire province. sometimes it is also called as Fukien or Fookien or sometimes as Minnan. the naming dispute is hard to resolve because using Minnan is also not specific enough. Minnan or Southern Min also includes Teochew which is also a different unintelligible sister language located in the outskirts of Fujian in Guangdong province. Hainanese is also included in the same family branch but located far away in Hainan island near Vietnam and Guangdong province. chinese languages are mostly not intelligible with each other and in themselves have dialects of their own. the Taiwanese dialect of Hokkien, for example is only a dialect compared to dialects of Hokkien in mainland China and in multiple countries in Southeast Asia.
@@xXxSkyViperxXx This should be one of the top comments.
@@xXxSkyViperxXx I speak Hokkien actually, my step mom is Teochew and it is very similar to Hokkien (Teochew is the Cao Zhou Hua pronunciation of Cao Zhou). As for Fukien or Fookien, they are the Cantonese (Guang Dong Hua) pronunciation of Hokkien. Regardless in which dialect it is spoken, 福建 (Fujian) means the same thing and is written the same, 福 means prosperous and 建 means health. Yes, they all belong to the Minnan family of dialects.
Cantonese belongs to the Yue group of dialects which I also speak.
Eindelijk een video over ons en dan is het over hoe wij worden gesloopt.
Great Video! I'm from Xiamen, which used to be the base of Koxinga for a decade or two before he settled in Taiwan. There is actually a big statue of him in Xiamen. Also the primary school I went to was built next to Yanwu Pond, which used to be the pond Koxinga trained his naval force. Anyway, great video! Koxinga is a man with some interesting life story.
Damn I felt like I was watching a miniseries. This was a great video
Yeh, a ton of history which I'd never known, not even remotely. I had no idea the Dutch were on Taiwan or even fought with/against Chinese types at all.
Koxinga= 国姓爷, literally means "The Lord with Emperor's Family Name". His real name is Zheng Cheng Gong, Cheng Gong = succeed or achieve honor.
Also, today there is one district in Xia Men (a city in Fujian province) called "Si Ming", which means missing or thinking the Ming :(
"外國人則稱他為國姓爺(Koxinga)" 台灣這邊歷史教科書上寫的---三民出版社 普通高中歷史第一冊
Or you can direct translate his name into Success Zheng 😂😂his father name him Success 😂😂😂
@@josephtangtaipei 不是因为国姓+爷听起来吊么
再说了，人家已经赐国姓了，就不应该叫 郑成功，而应该是朱成功。
@@Redeemed that's not how it works
Zheng Chenggong is not a pirate, but his father, Zheng Zhilong, was. Koxinga was a loyalist of Ming Empire, who refused to surrender to Manchu, even after his father had already given himself up to the Qing.
Absolutely Corr3ct also the Manchu Qing are not Chinese they are expelled Tungusic anti human Luciferians.
On a side note you guys should do a video on the Axum-Himyarite War(Total War has units for both btw lol).
It is perpetually on the list, need to get to it. :-)
@@KingsandGenerals cool
Indeed and before it Shiba Empire
@@yasinibrahim I suggested that a while back I think they will do it as part of their Ottoman series(Ottomans where involved after all). The Axum-Himyarite War is more plausible at the moment due to the conflict featuring in Total War something Kings and Generals use often in their videos.
I know I would love to see that
To clarify, a rebel leader Li Zicheng captured Beijing, which forced the emperor to commit suicide. The northern army of Ming who was fighting against the Manchus wanted to join the rebels. They were rejected. Their family received persecution by the rebels, which forced them to join the Qing. Li Zicheng was defeated.
Koxinga was not his name. His name is Zheng Cheng Gong. Kongxinga means "the lord with honor name given by emperor"
Couldn't blame them iirc back then chinese people have about 3-5 names on them
@@Peizxcv this is a history channel, then it should reveal the full story so that people understand thoroughly, else those ppl from other region might get confused with the names of one same character. and we are not the believer of his temple or the sailors from the same era of his, so it is abundance to follow that way. Cheng Ho has been honored as San Bao Tan Jian as well, but we still call him Cheng Ho. and if you are right, we should not be calling the Chinese emperor's name like Qian Long or Yong Zheng, because that is just not respectful to the emperor. but why do we still call them that way? because your theory just doesnt work today. We are learning history here not worshipping some goddess or hero
His name would spell in Hokkien as Tenn sing kong, or Tenn sim better.
Koxinga (Hokkia) = Guo Xing Ye (Mandarin) =国姓爷/國姓爺
你说的是对的。郑成功，本名郑森。赐姓朱，赐名成功，封延平君王，领招讨大将军。普通人不能乱叫他的新名字（朱成功），所以称呼为国姓爷。他的长官或同僚可以叫他新名（成功），但不会带上新姓（朱），一般称呼他郑成功，或延平郡王
Wonder what happened to the African soldiers of Koxinga...
They are blacknese now
@@hantingliu882 A Chigga you mean.
@@hantingliu882 Not nice
For I understood the soldiers of Koxing after their defeat against Qing(after his death) were integrated into Qing and many of them end up serving the dynasty in posts all over empire including in north against Russians. So thats kind interesiting.
Integration into the firearm branch of the Qing military.
Holy Cow this was an amazing story! how have I never heard this before?! Truly amazing work K&G!
This is one of the best episode of this channel !
Great video. I lived in Tainan City for seven years and read many accounts of the battles for Fort Zeelandia and of the Zheng dynasty. The Zheng family went through so much drama before and after arriving in Taiwan. It would make a compelling HBO series.
By far my favorite channel on all of TH-cam...keep it up Kings and Generals!!!
cool, I learn from my father than my father that my grandmother's ancestors 13 generations ago was a chinese pirate that settled in Thailand
This is amazing history that doesn't get mentioned at all !
I find it completely beautiful !!
In that era when the barbarians conquered China, many influential figures came from Quanzhou, Fujian. The positive figures were Zheng Chenggong, but the negative figures were also his fellow countrymen Shi Lang and Hong Chengchou.
是的，上帝之鞭蒙古大汗蒙哥被折断的地方不是四川钓鱼城，而是福建😅
During the 16th. century, Ming China was still a naval power to be reckoned with. Before Coxinga gave the Dutch a thrashing, the Chinese had defeated the Portuguese in two battles, Battle of Sincouwaan & Battle of Tunmen.
Qing Dynasty : *appears*
The VOC : “This is getting out of hand, now there are two of them!”
Is the second Japan ?
Ibnziyad Tariq china
VOC = Trade Federation XD
This is the history of Taiwan aborigin according to AI:
"From the coast of South China, Austronesian groups migrated to Taiwan around 6,000 years ago. Taiwan then became a center for further spread, with waves of migration bringing Austronesian culture and language to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and as far as the Pacific and Madagascar."
You've really gone and outdone yourself with this one lads the graphics are outstanding! 👏🏻👏🏻
Should i feel bad for totally ignoring the video and playing total war instead atm lmao.
Yes
Engaging, well paced, crafted and produced. Kudos! I about a part of Chinese andTaiwanese history that I probably never would have taken the time to learn.
Brilliant work Fellas! Thx.
There is a solider who fought for the Dutch at Fort Zeelandia against Koxinga at the time named Albrecht Herport. This is what he said about the Ming Dynasty China "The Chinese knew how to make very effective guns and cannons, so that it’s scarcely possible to find their equal elsewhere".
The account of the battle against Coyett/Hollanders came mostly from the accounts of Coyett but I should mention there are other sourcing which described things differently.
For example, in the first naval engagement described in 16:29, the Portuguese witness of the battle said that the Dutch lost not because of a lucky shot which caused their ship to explode, but because of Chinese fireships.
Likewise for the engagement at the beach in 16:41, the Chinese account only said that they used 1000 men to directly participate in the battle, not 4000 as claimed by Coyett. The same account also blamed the Dutch defeat to Coyett, whereas Coyett's account blamed it on Captain Pedel.
You always have 2 stories in history. And historians take all the cronicles and see which parts of all the cronicles makes sense and by that make a story on how it PROBABLY went. In this video I agree with everything. It is not Coyett who said it this way but also tens of eye witness Dutchmen who had it written in their diary. Some lie here in the Dutch Museum.
@@KoenBoyful As far as I know the only Dutch contemporary account is from Coyett. The other sources I've read to cross-compare accounts comes from a Chinese writer who interviewed with Koxinga's generals (Jiang Ri Sheng), a Chinese eye-witness of the expedition (Ying Yang), a Portuguese eye-witness who tagged along with Koxinga during the expedition (Philip Meij), and from a B&R anonymous Spanish account. From what I've seen the video only relies on Coyett's account, and this is questionable because the purpose of Coyett's account, written by Coyett, was to exonerate Coyett for the loss of Formosa. If you know these other eye-witness accounts from the Dutchmen then please do share their names so I can look up their accounts.
作为中国人，看到郑成功写下来的记录，葡萄牙人的记录是正确的
Zheng Zhilong was just a pirate businessman, unlike his son he didn't receive any proper confucian education, he was never a Ming loyalist, he had strong military forces in Fujian but refused the orders from Longwu emperor of fighting against the Qing, instead he took a large portion of his troops and surrendered to Qing.
“Maybe we should reform, modernise and open up?”
Said no one in the Ming or Qing courts.
So convinced that they're above all else
@@aver_nestress4570 You say it like no eastern nation did the same during that time.
Also, what about countries like Switzerland?
@@mq7447 who says that Qing didn't modernise? The Ming merely reverse engineered some European cannons and firearms. Meanwhile, late Qing also underwent socio-economic reforms modelled after the west. All the cutting edge weapons that the Beiyang clique armies possessed were also inherited from the Qing.
@@mq7447 I think that Qing society and government is more or less the same as the Ming, just different rulers. Neither dynasties can keep up with the west had they persisted with their neo Confucian policies. Mere intellectual exchanges with the Jesuits won't be sufficient. I think that significant advancements were only made around the time of and since the may forth movement where western institutions and ideas like liberalism, republicanism and socialism began to spread.
Chinese pirates during this whole time : "How many times do we have to teach you a lesson old man !"
As always, beautiful content. Things I would probably never have the ocasion to discover, I find here. Also, the artwork of late become increasingly beautiful. Thank you for this and keep it up! Signed: a curious European.
Also please cover about the Chinese pirate named Lin Feng also known as "Limahong" in the history of the Philippines.
Up
how about notorious visayan pirates in the philippines who brings terrors in coastal area in china during pre colonial?
please, more podcasts in the webpage. they're amazing! :D
as always, thank you for all your hard work. it's super appreciated
Never thought I will hear Formosa and Zeelandia in English one-day (I literally live near the fort😂)
台南的朋友你好
Taiwan has a very interesting history eh? Buncha pirates, LOL!
This is one of the most interesting episodes on something I had close to 0 knowledge about. The amount of people from different ethnic & cultural backgrounds working together on this one was incredibly interesting and kind of emotional.
The most interesting part you forgot to add is that the Dutch fortress was initially owned by the Spanish. Conquistadores had arrived there with the intent of trying to conquer China from the Phillipines. Scheming governors and ambitious Spaniards/Portuguese (united at the time) thought to use Taiwan as a forward base to invade southern China. This never happened b/c the Dutch caught them with their pants down. Instead the Spanish and Portuguese conquistadores united to invade Cambodia which is a story for another time.
Shi Lang 施琅 deserved a mention, he was a talented officer in Koxinga’s fleet, but had issues with Koxinga’s son, when Shi left to work for the Qing, Koxinga had Shi’s father and son killed, motivating Shi to destroy the Koxinga clan. Shi became the commander in chief of the Qing fleets and led 300 warships and over 20K troops from Fujian Province to defeat the Koxinga clan at the Battle of Penghu (1683), and bringing Taiwan into the Qing empire.
Shi Lang and his brother, as well as Gan Hui were three of the most fearsome generals under Koxinga, unfortunately Shi Lang had bad relationship with Koxinga and eventually surrendered to Qing, and Gan was killed in the siege of Nanjing.
施琅 是最可惡的大漢奸
Shi Lang and Hong Chengchou were both traitors of the Han people, even though they were fellow countrymen of Koxinga who came from Quanzhou, Fujian.
You guys should totally do a video on the southern Ming remnants in Yunnan and the coast. And include that Polish priest who went back to ask the Pope for help against the Qing.
I’ve been waiting for this episode! Thanks guys
The emperor committee suicide when the peasant army took over the capital, which basically forced the army garrisoned at great wall join forces with the Manchus, some details u might missed.
Interesting times. There’s also this Japanese lord named Yamada Nagamasa who served the Thai / Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya. Ayutthaya also employed Europeans to man their artillery. Asia at that time was more cosmopolitan than we think.
Chinese, Indians and Arabs have settled in SE Asia since ancient times. I figure Japanese emigrated to the Philippines too. At the end of Ming dynasty, European colonialism has reared its ugly in SE Asia too.
Asia has always been cosmopolitan since the medieval times... Europeans were very late to the party, mostly because they lived in the remote northwest corner of the continent...
Pick up a history book. Ayutthaya was once one of the richest cities in the world. Angkor was also a very large and metropolitan city. Japan was also WAY more metropolitan than the Portuguese when they arrived in Japan. Portugal's population was only 2 million while Spain's was 8 million. Meanwhile Japan was 18 to 26 million.
If wasnt for the firearm technology, the West might not have been so successful
There is a reason why the Chinese and the Japanese regarded the Europeans at the time as barbarians as well. They had poor hygiene compared to Asians at the time, took over land because Europe was a sh*thole, and wasn’t as rich in resources. That’s all it is to it. If you look at last history, the most prosperous and peaceful times were in Asia specifically South East Asia. If you were from anywhere else, you would have experienced things like constant war, raids, failed alliances and genocide. Those things happened as well but not the same extent as in Europe and regions around Europe
@@bmona7550 Aside from Greek and Romans, the rest of Europe was considered barbarian backwaters.
Koxinga(Dutch of 国姓爷) means Mr. "Imperial surname". To be bestowed the Imperial surname is a great honor.
Whos original surname is 郑Zheng, first name is 森sen, courtesy name is 成功(Success), the Imperial surname of Ming Dynasty is 朱zhu.
The Ming princes fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which remnants fought against the Qing.
400 years or so later, the KMT also fled to Burma and Taiwan, from which they fought against the CCP. I wonder whether KMT Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was influenced by history.
Not many other places to go, really :D
I don't think he was. I mean Taiwan was basically his only possible option thanks to it being relatively free from Communist influence due to Japanese colonialism and the islands ethnic and cultural distinctiveness.
Also one thing in common, both were shit at managing the country in their later years. (massive scale of famine, diseases and inability to govern properly among political infightings)
@@jerryx3253 Yes the KMT never managed to get a full grip on the chaos of the warlord era after the Qing. Still, the famine and death under their control pales in comparison to that caused by Mao and his social engineering projects.
@@jerryx3253 between 15-55 million died in the great famine. Millions were persecuted during Mao's time, especially during the Cultural Revolution. Meanwhile, Taiwan thrived and prospered.
Another great episode 👍
This needs to be made into a movie
as an ethnic Chinese, so interesting to learn more about my heritage from this awesome channel
This would make a great movie maybe even a mini series.
There’s a TVB series called Zheng Cheng Gong starring Ray Lui. It was made in the late 80’s/early 90’s.
All your videos are good. This is one of the best; the sea is in that family's blood!
In Taiwan Koxinga's name is Zheng Cheng Gong. In Tainan the old Dutch fort still exists
Deng zhilong’s father in law was first recorded Chinese man landed in Taiwan even before the Dutch in 1622. His name is Yan shi qi.
History lessons never learnt: privateers always turn against their master lol
you cant make someone do your dirty job then expect deference. the viking sagas will tell you that.
Which is why Portugal ever barely employed them.
Too nice history's video from excellent historic channel thanks for sharing
Failing to take Nanjing but conquering Taiwan is like failing to win the Premier League but winning the FA Cup.
In Taiwan we usually just call him by his actual name "Zheng Cheng Kung". The title Koxinga is used sparingly, mostly in folk religion (Yes he is worshiped in Taiwan as a deity, not a major one though). His given name Cheng Kung, which conveniently literally means success or achievement, is also used to name a high school and an university to commemorate him.
"It's over, I have the high ground" - The Chinese upon seizing a redoubt overlooking your fortress
@AIIUserNamesInvalid If only a certain jedi turncoat had thought that way too..
Loving the Three Kingdoms background music!
*Dutch is mentioned in Thumbnail*
*Loud rumble can be heard in the distance as the Dutch are coming to do what's know as*
*"G E K O L O N I S E E R D !"*
Could still be worse: at least it isn't the Spanish.
@AIIUserNamesInvalid Inqu.........................
@@karimdelakarim Don't say it...
@@bluemoondiadochi Fun fact: The Spanish actually colonized the north of Taiwan for 16 years and the Dutch rule them out.
Other way around this time
Great work. Hard to believe, that I, a Chinese, would learn so much about this legendary pirates family in an English speaking youtube channel. Kudos to you.
people talk about the Russo-japanese war in 1905 was the first great defeat of european powers by an asian one. I say it's when the Ming took back Taiwan from the Dutch
Of course it's a german snitching the dutch hahaha
It's strange that they haven't blamed a Spanish :P
What happend in 1918
@@luux4177 yeh definately not after they got the blame of the first war. Although they were polite enough to respect our neutrality the first war. The second not so much and our elder still call the germans names for that
@@hansihobr When the Spanish allied with Portugal they probably did :')
Okay dude I’m fine with stereotypes because they’re usually accurate and make for good humour but let’s face it you probably wouldn’t be playing on stereotypes about a non-white people... it’s not politically correct to do so.
There is an important omission in this video. The narrative states that the Chinese had no modern firepower. On the contrary, Koxinga's forces, besides musketeers, possessed numerous cannons which were used to bombard Fort Zeelandia.
According to our sources, Koxinga's father had cannons, while Koxinga himself didn't.
@@KingsandGenerals Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade mentions Koxinga's use of cannons in the siege. His following book The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History provides an insightful history of Chinese military developments prior to the Sino-Dutch War.
@@KingsandGenerals But he do have a lot of Musket troops few of them are actually Africans.
@@KingsandGenerals The museums in Taiwan say that Koxinga had cannons that were generations behind in technology to Dutch firepower. But they still had cannons.
Kings and Generals ...that is very very surprising coming from a channel of your caliber. That simply doesn’t make sense though. Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West by Tonio Andrade....specifically and very clearly mentions several occasions where Koxinga used cannons in his siege of fort Zeelandia. In particular Philip Meij, a surveyor under Koxinga and Coyett’s secretary recorded 1700 and 2500 cannonshots on the day Koxinga’s troops attacked the redoubt near the main fort that sealed the fate of the battle. The Chinese cannons were likely low caliber but they undoubtedly have them, and they were powerful enough to reduce that redoubt to nothing.
if he had captured Nanjing instead of giving them 2 weeks. The history of China might be different
The fact he took out the dutch is a testimony to the power of intelligence
Great video! I was fortunate to have visited some of the locations mentioned
One thing though, while there are hypothesis that Koxinga’s elite Iron Men were equiped and influenced by Japanese samurai, there are no direct evidence there are actual Japanese samurai or ronin serving him. At least none English-language sources I came across. He certainly did use small units of African musketeers and bodyguards as his father did, this was well-documented.
Excellently done
This is very cool.
Quite timely :)
Koxinga sent a letter to the Japanese Shogunate Government to seek help restoring Ming. Some Warlords did wish to join the fray, stating that would be a good training for their warriors, the Shogun ultimately decided they shouldn't interfere.
Probably cus they were still salty from the Imjin wars
In the cold weapon war, Japan has never defeated China, and I think Japan's consideration is correct.
@@天可汗-t2fUntil world war 2
Talk about Mansa Musa, his empire and his wealth. Keep this tremendous work and content.
Excellent video and brilliant narration, as always. Just one thing, are you sure fort Zeelandia is not a Star Fort？Its showing as a round citadel.
What a fascinating story! An amazing presentation as well.
It's amazing also common place that throughout history Africans have their places in many favorable n admirable role in foreign culture. I.e during the Tong dynasty, in which foreigners were allow to pursuit imperial bureaucracy. Although foreign officers initially had a low limit to their rise in rank, as time past the ranking ceiling kept raising. One, foreigner prove to be just as loyal n competent to the Chinese counterpart. Two, the Tong emperor saw this as competition to whom could serve best their lord beneficial. On record there were African mandarins in pretty high rank.
The whole video is so good that it didn't occur to me that the video is named after the character introduced 8 mins in. I thought Zhilong was the pirate king in the first place.
This was such an epic story told! So cool that Koxinga had both Samurai, African Musketeers, and Ming Loyalists working for him.
17:26 Man, well said, love this guy.
I want to ask when is the next video about Imjin war？I like that series，thank you for your great video！
Tecumseh Thanks I will！
I never knew about this history thank you kings and generals
Hello from Taiwan, area near fort provintia later became Taiwan oldest city:Tainan(lit: south of Taiwan) which i lived there for few years. Over the centuries, the lagoon around fort zelandia are become dry land. now both zelandia and provintia are inland several kilometers, so one can only imagine what was like almost 400 years ago.
Please, make a video about the Dutch invasion of northeast Brazil during the Iberian union.
William Adams at 3:00 now that is an awesome cameo
Is there a parallel story today about the relationship of China and Taiwan?
I have never heard anyone pronounce Malacca like that before
Good video btw
Someone make a game of this, a massive open world seafaring game where you get a ship, kit it out and go on raids. You could even chose your race and nationality and colour your pirate ship
If I can make a request, perhaps a video on Ching Shih? Stunning work as always!
0:57 Kyoto is approx. where Hiroshima is and Osaka just decided it had had enough of the main island of Honshu
At 14:24 the figures used appear to be South Indian Chettiar from Braun and Schneider's Historic Costume in Pictures, rather than the Taiwanese natives intended(who would be more similar to the natives of Borneo in the same book).
But other than that, this was a fascinating look at an amazing historical figure who should definitely have a movie made about his exploits!