I love the result of them basically spitting in Musks face (quote from same book that they did spit in his face or on him). Certainly worked out in the US's favor.
His story is so ironical, so russian. They tried to kill him, because that's what they do, then realized his potential as an engineer, stopped trying to kill him, just to kill him by accident.
He never will be. He played an integral role in the history of space exploration. Like the USA, Russia/Soviet Union extended the knowledge and work of Werner Von Braun.
I live 5 km away from Pivdenmash. Most of the stuff they designed and built in soviet times was military and highly classified, our city was a closed one for decades.
@@AAaa-wu3el The State Factory "Production Union Southern Machine-Building Plant named after O.M. Makarov", officially abbreviated as Pivdenmash, is a Ukrainian state-owned aerospace manufacturer. Prior to 1991, it was a Soviet state-owned factory. Pivdenmash produces spacecraft, launch vehicles (rockets), liquid-propellant rockets, landing gears, castings, forgings, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in Dnipro, and reports to the State Space Agency of Ukraine. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries.
@@AAaa-wu3el Formerly Yuzhmash. It's full name is "southern machinery building plant", they just changed "southern" part from russian "yug" to ukrainian "pivden" for obvious reasons.
@@achtzehn18-cm4vi It was a dud, solid payload imitators basically took chunks out of the buildings due to sheer force of impact, but there weren't any explosions so it's largely intact. Previous iskanders and whatnots over the course of last years inflicted incomparably more damage to it.
This is why Turkey is trying to get the Ukrainians to make the engines for their new KAAN fighter, there is generational knowledge and expertise in Ukraine for these kind of things.
@@adamb8317 Nah, they have long ago moved to Russia. Since there is nowere to work for them in ukraine. BTW according to UN statistics, most of ukrainean refugees are also in Russia. Poland is second popular destination for them
Scott, I'm pretty certain the Dnepr was ejected from it's silo by a black powder gas generator cartridge and not a piston. You can spot the cannister being ejected sideways after launch in most of the available videos.
Of the Soviet leaders, only the first and last were full Russians. It was a dictatorship, and together, Lenin and Gorby were dictators for a total of less than 8 years. The USSR itself existed for 69 years. Ukrainian leaders ran the country longer than anybody else. Khrushchev was ethnic Russian but grew up in the Ukraine. Brezhnev was probably Ukrainian. Chernenko was ethnic Ukrainian from Siberia. Andropov's father was a Don Cossack (his mother's ethnicity is a bit unclear). Malenkov looks like a typical central Asian leader. His family immigrated from Turkey in the century before. Stalin was Georgian, his term was longer than anybody else's, but it was still less than Khrushchev + Brezhnev. We could argue about this today, but SP undoubtedly thought of himself as Soviet. His mother was Ukrainian and his father was Russian. Think of it like this. Imagine that South and North Korea never reunites and they go on to form separate countries called Hankuk and Chosun that lasts for hundreds of years, and then they fight over whether Sejong belongs to who. Makes no sense for the man lived hundreds of years before the two countries split apart. When SP was alive, it was all one country. He definitely did not expect Russians and Ukrainians to be killing each other today.
Nah it's the zenit... no h... it makes me unreasonably upset😂😂 I was saying out loud to myself " they could have had a pretty decent name... literally add an h"😂😂
Korolyov and Glushko are ethnic Ukrainians. Korolyov is from Zhytomyr (northern Ukraine), and Glushko is from Odesa (southern Ukraine). Yangel was born in Russia, but his parents were Ukrainians who were forcibly resettled from northern Ukraine by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century
There is not a single recording of any of them speaking ukrainean. They all spoke only russian No wonder, since they have considered themselves russians
Samara-based RSC Progress, which builds the Soyuz 2 series of boosters, has a new Soyuz 5 (irtysh) booster in development. It's basically a slightly upgraded Zenit that's all Russian made. The booster will use a simplified version of the successful RD-170 - the RD-171MV. The Soyuz 5 is the single stick version, but notionally the single stick will be the basis for side boosters three stick and five stick variants. It's still developmental, and Russia's economic issues put the future of the program in doubt.
The RD-171MV is far from being a "simplified version of the RD-170". The RD-171MV is derived from the RD-171M, which has 5-10% more thrust than original RD-170, and is made completely out of Russian components. The Soyuz-5 (Irtysh) project is tied to Kazakhstan's "Baiterek" space complex in Baikonur, the latter has faced numerous delays and is completely under Kazakhstan's responsibility, not Russia. The Soyuz-5 is ready and its debut launch is expected to be in December 2025 (perhaps a bit later in 2026). So please, get your facts straight.
@@RustedCroaker Re-read what I posted: the RD-171MV is derived from the RD-171M, not the RD-170. The RD-171M (also known as the RD-173) was used for the Zenit-2. So it's very likely that the RD-171M had some foreign (Ukrainian) components in it. Hope that clears it up for you.
@@AdrIneX плавучий космодром "морской старт" так же планировался на переоснащение с ракет "зенит" на "союз-5", но частный инвестор собственник стартового комплекса компания S-7 из-за наложенных иностранных санкций и невозможности проводить коммерческие запуски в международных водах заморозил проект,уже прошло 10 лет как всё ржавеет у причала,это печально.
Good video, Thank you Scott for highlighting Ukrainian contributions and pointing out some important reasons why most projects meet their end. I believe we will see Cyclone-4M actually launching and other modern project in the future.
If like me you're having trouble following this video right out of the gate, it's not of much consequence that Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko were both Ukrainian. In this era, the R-7 and other technologies they developed were Soviet. (Sergei Korolev was actually sent to the Gulag on false anti-Soviet charges before later developing this first ICBM plus much more as director of the Soviet space program. His death as a consequence of health issues interrupted Soviet ambitions for a moon landing ahead of the United States. Valentin Glushko was imprisoned during the Great Purge as well but avoided hard labor. He would also work on the R-7 and later take over the reorganized space program several years after Korolev's death.) The third figure is Mikhail Yangel, shown on the Ukrainian stamp, who also contributed to the first ICBM. Again it's not of much consequence he was actually Russian. His design bureau Dnepropetrovsk was located in Ukraine, so everything from the modern Zenit rocket family all the way back to the R-12 seen in the Cuban Missile Crisis to can be considered of Ukrainian origin. Unfortunately the delineation gets buried under all the technical details in the video, if one is even possible. The situation between Russia and Ukraine was somewhat murky and their relationship cautious from the Orange Revolution in 2004 up until Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014.
15:28 Imagine they still had the og controls with the two keys, the only time where two people turning keys in a bunker doesnt result in absolute devestation...
To be fair, Ukraine basically was the Soviet Union's equivalent of Pennsylvania, the rust belt, Iowa, and silicon valley all in one. Belarus is now Russia's Arkansas.
Many of the best Soviet ICBMs were designed and built in Ukraine...along with many of the Inertial Navigation Systems used to guide them...were also developed and built in Ukraine. For that matter, many of the technical (electronic warfare and radars) systems used in Soviet era aircraft to also designed and built in Ukraine. It is part of the reason I believe Russia invaded Ukraine in the first place.
That sounds absurd to be honest. Invading a country because it had some design bureaus as a part of Soviet Union and those bureaus designed the things they were initially founded for? Are you implying that Russia never developed it's own navigation systems and ICBMs so it had to invade Ukraine to... steal soviet technology? As if this technology wasn't shared across bureaus anyway
It was the case in the soviet era but that's not case anymore today. Russia produces its own advanced avionics, navigation systems and EW systems by itself and does not depend on Ukraine. Russia also produces far more advanced military and civil aircraft engines... Ukraine's industry has suffered a lot from corruption for 30 years and it is now essentially bankrupt like the entire country.
@@ChrisHarding-lk3jj I mean... sure. I'm not saying that there were no connections between Russia and Ukraine after the Soviet Union fell apart. The supply chain was very interconnected and things remained that way for a long time. It is cheaper to continue producing parts in factories that were built in Ukraine and just buy them instead of building a whole new factory for the exact same purpose. Sadly, the war has ended that relationship. My point was (in the now deleted comment for some reason) that there is no way Russia would decide to invade Ukraine just because it was manufacturing like 1% of parts for Russian rockets and planes. That would be highly impractical imo
What you're missing from that anachronistic high you're riding is the fact that the people involved were Soviet. It doesn't matter where in today's term they were born in, they were all from the Soviet Union and didn't really think of Ukraine as separate. In fact, if you read Chertok's memoirs, all engineers were deeply sad when Stalin passed away. So it's kinda childish to have this "oh ukraine is good, russia is bad, everything is ukraine" behavior that invalidates the will, motivation and work of all the Soviet engineers involved in all of these projects.
6:00 pretty big correction: the R-36 and R-36M which is on screen are completely different missiles. The R-36M was developed into the Dnepr launch vehicle and has nothing to do with Cyclone. Also the engines for Cyclone were not produced in Russia like you stated.
Noticed this also! There is probably multiple videos worth of content (if you can find the sources) on why Soviet missile systems shared designations even if they were entirely different designs (and it wasn't just missiles, aircraft to, the Tu-22 and Tu-22M are _vastly_ different aircraft). Long story short, it was easier to procure a budget for a new system if you framed it as an upgrade to an old system. Anyway, the R-36 was the SS-9 Scarp and the SS-18 was the Satan (I am not sure if the NATO designation being 18 was a coy nod to the fact that it was "related" to the SS-9).
Korolev and Glushko, what is most important, the cart or the horse. Thanks for mentioning the 2 great men. It is a wonder that they survived the purge.
Right. So after their independence they just what? Lost all that IP? They have no satellites, they have no missile force other than what we gave them. No aerospace force or industry. No air force. If they designed a lot of the Soviet stuff it stands to reason that some of it would carry over no? But nothing did. And it isn't like they don't have strategic resources. That's what the war in the Donbass is all about. All those metals, minerals that Linsay Graham won't stop talking about and is lusting over, natural gas etc etc. They have all the stuff they need to keep designing all this great Soviet stuff they allegedly designed. Where is it?
Ukraine did nothing.. Only Ukrainians did it, without claiming the existence of Ukraine, without thinking about the fact that this country exists and so on, because it simply did not exist. If Ukraine invented absolutely everything in the Soviet Union, then why, after its emergence as a sovereign country, did it have absolutely no technologies, innovations, or aspirations in science? It's strange that according to your data all the scientists were Ukrainians, but for some reason they didn't dedicate their works to their country.
Remember the near first casualties in a space crash? Russians didn't want to pay real price for the ukrainian integrated automatic docking radar of the Soyuz.
Great vid and I love how you managed to tied it all up nicely in the end to the very frontier of space exploration with SpaceX but a great history lesson all round on some less well known rockets. Well done!
IDK about the rockets, but the computer designers in Kyiv definitely were more open-minded towards digital solutions than the construction bureaus in Moscow.
The question doesn’t even make sense. Trotsky and Khrushchev were Ukrainian, Gorbachev was half Ukrainian, Brezhnev was in the Ukrainian wing of the party. Stalin was Georgian.
Hi Scott, you might consider doing a video segment on the Chinese satellite that burned up a couple nights ago over the south-central USA (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri). A lot of people saw it burn up as it did an uncontrolled re-entry at about 10 p.m. local time on 12/21. It's been reported that it was GaoJing 1-02 (Superview 1-02).
@@juniperpansy yes, due to chimneys and fireplaces getting rarer these days, Santa has to been forced to adapt. Unfortunately, this has required small enough particles to fit through the fins of a heat pump.... 😮
You mentioned the GRACE system, I was a controller for GRACE at DLR and still have copies of the First Light printouts. I also went to the Energia centre outside of Moscow to the Sergei Korolev Museum & ISS control centre.
They really don't like it when people bring up the hypothetical of a Ukrainian new clear program... So, perhaps they also dislike any kind of information about corresponding Ukrainian capabilities?
Is that right, huh. There are those who subscribed to this channel with the presumption that it was apolitical. That is no longer true. Your comment looks very "glowie." Discredited and ignored henceforth.
@@thirdofseveninc Russia makes and launches them constantly. The last one mere 2 weeks ago. Including completely new types, like Angara, which did not exist in soviet times.
I love how Space-X was a direct result of pissing Elon Musk off. It's the biggest middle finger you can give. Jerk me around? I'll just figure out a better way of doing it, and then go on to dominate a market that didn't exist before.
@@PrograError X is doing just fine. Still turning a profit, and instead of censoring speech, is allowing everybody a voice. But i guess you're just another one on the hate train.
Sometimes I think we made all of these technological achievements with the main goal in mind to fight other.. humans. We truly are a different kind of species!
все страны так начинали свои космические программы, тот же спейс икс так же заточен под заказы и потребности пентагона при полной закрытости финансовых результатов проекта, что также характерно для засекреченных военных программ.
Yep Ukrainians are good at building rockets and aerospace engineers like Hlusko , Koroliv, Ivchenko, Sikorsky and most of Soviet Ukraine was a military industrial complexes that produced 40 percent of all military equipment. After the war with Russia is over Ukrainians will build a cosmodrome in Kherson to launch rockets to space .
@@nik020597 вообще-то конверсионные ракеты шахтного базирования выводили полезную нагрузку на орбиту, в википедии есть полный список запусков, будьте осторожны в выражениях и формулировках чтоб не выглядеть глупым пропагандистом.
сперва для начала пускай восстановят "мрию" как и всю авиа отрасль в целом. Забавно но факт: это случится быстрее при победе России, ведь по тому же ролику Скота Мэнли видно насколько широка была кооперация двух соседних стран, а западным производителям конкурент не нужен, весь 30 летний период незалежности Украину усиленно разоружали и деиндустриализировали именно по этой причине как наследника космических проектов СССР.
Think of how successful Russia could be if they simply treated the former "republics" of the USSR as equal partners and gave them freedom to direct their own economic and political affairs? Treating a country with respect, and using "honey" rather than "vinegar" to keep the relationship, is always more successful. Some people seem to accuse the US of taking advantage of other countries, but I submit that it is the way the US has interacted with other countries since WW2, creating mutual benefits is why the US has such successful alliances. Let us hope that Trump does not ruin the good will by treating every alliance as a pissing contest and a win/lose process.
Yes, you would end up with Ukraine like it is today, corrupt government where the people are not looked after. Even now occupied territories are hoping for a Russian take over so medical supplies and food can once again flow through. Why anyone is rooting for a Ukranian "victory" is beyond me. Or why people think the US has business there
The US doesn't really need anybody. Do people not realize how bad the economy is, its running on fumes. Every alliance (trade deal) is a win/lose situation where they have been losing for many many years... if it wasn't Trump it would be someone else fixing a long overdue mess.
It's quite on the opposite side. All RF politic for (most of) ex-USSR republics (and some ex-Warsaw pact countries) was based (and STILL based) on idea "we are giving some economy benefits (like prices MUCH lower than open market ones) to you, and you are singing some "we are brothers" song to us". Other sides, in their turns, seen nothing wrong in at least some grade of compilance to such terms and taking resouces in exchange for mere words. "Problem arised" when "our esteemed leadership" stared to act as if they truely believed in such "friendship songs" (and own propaganda about "it's only need to push ukranians slightly and they will fall happily in our loving huggs") As we (USSR) desided to break up, and live as "normal capitalilst countries", all things would be much more "healthier" if resulting states just do everything by pure by open market principes, discarding all that "we are still family" stuff.
America did not let Cuba have missiles, and Russia didn't want ukraine to have them either. Ukraine would've been able to remain an independent player who associates economically with russia, but America had too much influence within ukraine as a proxy. Blame the US for the breakdown of relations
We can talk about "Ukrainian" rockets only after 1991. Soviet rockets was made by efforts of the thouthands specialists from all republics of USSR, from Armenia to Azerbaijan
And considering that breakup of soviet union was not exactly carried along ethnical borders and purposeful, ethnic clensing and mixing and shuffling in SU .... distinction makes even less sense.
One may like or hate Ukrainian missiles, but no argue about "pure" Russian stuff looking pale without Ukrainian contribution. Lost track of their missile program years as just "not cool anymore"... Heard them from time to time bragging (as they always do) about some new "fantastic" missile with some brand new bang-patriotic name... then stumbled on its codename R-36M2 and was stopped in my tracks in disbelief: does what I see _really_ mean what I see?! Is a "new great scary thing" really just a clone, a repeat of an old Yangel's missile?! So old, in fact, that it was a relic of the past even by the time I got to university, over 30 years ago?! Yes, it _is_ an attempt to repeat the ancient Ukrainian missile! And even that they can't get right, launching failure after failure? And they are even _bragging_ about it? Oh come on...
Lmao at all the tankies and bots in the comments. No amount of Russian revisionism can change the fact that 3/4 of the main Soviet rocket designers (Корольо́в, Глушко, and Челоме́й; exception is Мишин) were born in Ukraine. Forget "better than the Russian designers," if it wasn't for Ukrainians, there would be no Soviet *or* Russian space program
no, it is if not Russia ukrainians would not get a first class STEM education and get to work on something more complex than a tracktor. You don't understand how empire work. To prove my point - Russia is making all that stuff (planes, nuclear plants, space rockets, very sophisticated parts for detectors of LHC CERN, top shelf IT services) without Ukraine since 1991, Ukraine without Russia - not that much.
Very interesting rundown on lesser known rockets. With Zenit, it seems that it had experienced a difficult development process, with the RD-171 engines, and then experienced more than its share of launch failures after the Energiya-Buran program. A book by Hendrickx and Vis - on "Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle" - seems to imply that problems with Zenit/the strap on booster was a contributor to delays to the Energiya-Buran program, with the first completely successful Zenit launch occurring on 22 October 1985 (pg 264). It was noted later in the book that the maiden flight on 13 April 1985 took place "almost six years later than originally planned" (pg 407). And Zenit experienced "three back-to-back launch failures" in the "1990-1992 timeframe" (page 407). On Wikipedia, the entry on the Zenit rocket family noted 10 launch failures and 3 partial failures, for 71 successful flights out of 84 launch attempts (of all versions). Included in that count were first stage engine failures in 1997, 2007 and 2013, well after the cancellation of Energiya-Buran.
Technically speaking Sergey Korolev was also Ukrainian as he was born, raised and educated in Ukraine, but back than everybody was hammered to be a Soviet. He made virtually no progress in rocket design save for design a basic MRLS until he got hands on German V-2 with a bunch of German engineers. Basically Souz is the continuation of .... V-2 ... The idea 4 chamber engine was introduced by Germans as a way to address instability as they tried to scale up V-2 at the final days of war. Once USSR managed to adopt V-2 to their limited manufacturing capabilities under R-5, they hit the same issue and took advantage of German idea in RD-107.
Korolev was of mixed heritage, ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, and Pontic Greek, and spoke Russian only. Zhitomir was a Russian/Yiddish/Polish speaking city.
Korolev was part of the group that successfully developed liquid-fuel rockets as early as 1928 and launched them in the early 1930s. See GIRD, GIRD9, GIRD-X and OSSOAWIACHIM. Stalin had simply failed to recognize the value of these developments and, in his paranoia, preferred to murder half of his generals and condemn smart people like Korolev in show trials as alleged enemies. Korolev was in a gulag until the end of WW2. He was only released to examine the remains of A4/V2 production in Germany. The Americans had obtained the majority of the parts, plans and experts in OP Paperclip while the Soviet Union was still fighting for Berlin. In contrast to other countries, the Soviet Union already had its own experience with liquid-fuel rockets. The few experts that the Soviet Union found in East and Central Germany were never directly involved in the development. The Soviets' strategy of secrecy was against this. They were kept busy with fake tasks, while Korolev came up with the idea of enlarging the tanks and using twice the number of turbo pumps. It is a popular prejudice that the Soviets always got everything from others, but that is nonsense. They also had Ziolkowskie there, the man who had already planned and calculated the entire space program at the end of the 19th century. They also founded the first space travel society in 1921 (even before the British one, which was founded in 1924 and is now the oldest in the world) and held an exhibition on space travel in 1924 that attracted worldwide attention. Btw: Sikorski, the great aircraft and helicopter developer, had already successfully built giant aircraft for the Russian Tsar before he went to America.
@@mikesilver2283 There is not a single recording of him speaking ukrainean. Only russian. Forced ukrainesation by the soviets simply didnt allow writing anything else in the census. All kids were forced under threats of GULAG for their parents to learn ukrainean. But Korolev educated at Russian Empire times, so he happily avoided forced ukrainesation by the soviets
Re: The R-12, Scott said it ran on nitric acid + nitrogen tetraoxide, but those are both oxidizers, and shouldn't react with each other in any sort of energetic way... Was this a mistake? What is the fuel for this rocket?
They can probably still produce the Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт-1, as long as the propellant doesn't get added to someone's tea or sprinkled on someone's cabbage patch and replaced with sea salt.
@@benbaselet2026 there are or maybe there *is* a ~50nm fab in Russia, where afaik they produce some of their own chips. Otherwise, 90% of the nations on the planet do not produce their own chips, so kind of a pointless remark.
finally a great detailed video about rockets developed in the city of Dnipro by Yuzhmash and the Yangel Design Bureau. Thanks Scott and greetings from Ukraine.💙💛
I don't understand what Ukrainian rocket designers Scott is talking about? All the prophetic Soviet rocket designers were born either in the Russian Empire or in the USSR.
Thank you Scott! Great Video, as always! Because of discussions about Korolev here in the comments: he was part of the group that successfully developed liquid-fuel rockets as early as 1928 and launched them in the early 1930s. See GIRD, GIRD9, GIRD-X and OSSOAWIACHIM. Stalin had simply failed to recognize the value of these developments and, in his paranoia, preferred to murder half of his generals and condemn smart people like Korolev in show trials as alleged enemies. Korolev was in a gulag until the end of WW2. He was only released to examine the remains of A4/V2 production in Germany. The Americans had obtained the majority of the parts, plans and experts in OP Paperclip while the Soviet Union was still fighting for Berlin. In contrast to other countries, the Soviet Union already had its own experience with liquid-fuel rockets. The few experts that the Soviet Union found in East and Central Germany were never directly involved in the development. The Soviets' strategy of secrecy was against this. They were kept busy with fake tasks, while Korolev came up with the idea of enlarging the tanks and using twice the number of turbo pumps. It is a popular prejudice that the Soviets always got everything from others, but that is nonsense. They also had Ziolkowskie there, the man who had already planned and calculated the entire space program at the end of the 19th century. They also founded the first space travel society in 1921 (even before the British one, which was founded in 1924 and is now the oldest in the world) and held an exhibition on space travel in 1924 that attracted worldwide attention. Btw: Sikorski, the great aircraft and helicopter developer, had already successfully built giant aircraft for the Russian Tsar before he went to America.
The Soviet Union depended quite extensively on the innovative spirit of Ukrainians. Russia without them is much less than the subtraction of Soviet parts.
Big parts of the soviet 'military-industrial complex' were based in ukraine, rocketry and subsystems, but also fuel production for rockets and all kinds of missiles, but also tanks and naval production. In my opinion one the big reasons they started wanting it back after the 2014 situation which boils down to a failed coup attempt (exact thing they are trying to do in Georgia at the minute). They must have realized after years of stalled military programs how much the ukrainian supply chain on the whole was actually worth and they stopped delivering russians a lot of things after 2014 which is probably when the realization really hit them.
The other thing is natural gas... in 2011 a massive new field was discovered in the Sea of Azov, the 2013-14 political situation started exactly after Ukraine gave the mining rights to Shell instead of Gazprom... russia is just a gas station, the politics is just a thin second layer on top of their main concern of oil & gas money
Not really. Putin has long since publicly and openly declared his view that the breakup of the Soviet Union was the greatest tragedy to befall the Russian people in the 20th century. Reconstituting the old Evil Empire has been Putin's passion project pretty much since he was first elected President. He's just been getting incrementally more direct and aggressive about it over the years.
It's a complete coincidence that North Korea's ICBM programme got the biggest boost ever right after PA Pivdenmash lost all contracts with Roscosmos following the events of 2014...
@@beaverkingO LOL you have no idea what you're talking about. The KN-23 uses the same solid rocket motor as the Pukkuksong-1 SLBM, which is much much wider in diameter than the Iskander-M missile. In solid rocket motors, diameter is everything. The two projects aren't even remotely related.
yep, russia was getting close with NK for more than a decades, a lot of NK's famous GULAG's are actually located in the russian Primorsky Krai, where north korean prisoners have been chopping wood and doing other hard labour since the 1990s at least
@@luca7069 Sure.. How about kn-02? Also "not even remotely related" projects with tochka SRBM? The point is: most NK rocket tech is either soviet or russian based.
Scott, could you make a video exploring this: If the Parker Solar Probe were to continue performing flybys and gravity assists around the Sun (theoretically; disregarding real technical challenges), could it eventually accelerate to a meaningful fraction of the speed of light, and how long will it take it to do it? As far as I understand, currently its speed is about 0.06% of the speed of light.
Just peeked into the comment section before finishing, and geez Amount of people complaining about the title, its kinda pathetic. Like seriously whats your problem guys?
About the naming convention in Russian. Having studied Russian and loving dill flavor I was eating at a Russian place in Brighton Beach, NYC, and this exact topic came up. The lady behind the counter explained to me in Russian you can only name people a person's name. No Star or any hippy types names. So I guess the same applies to rockets and satellites, only rocket and satellite names can be used.
It's no that Ukraine's rockets are better. It's that the soviets put most of the engineering and production facilities there, because of the climatic conditions, more easy access to resources and transportation, with engineers from everywhere. That would be like saying "did Alabama design better rocket than Alaska designers ?" While most engineers aren't even from Alabama in Alabama to start with, but from all the US. Or like saying "did Ukraine design better ships than Russian designers ?", while most soviets shipyards were in Ukraine because of the climat and easier access for their ships to more open seas with the Montreux convention. Never forget that Ukraine was the soviet industrial powerhouse and that Ukraine inherited the biggest industrial base from any ex soviet states (even Russia), but did nothing with it at the end of the day and is the only ex soviet state that was in a worst place economicaly in 2010 than in 1991 (after 2014 and being partially invanded you can't really blame them for being in a bad place).
To me, it's more about Ukraine not having usually acknowledged enough for their contribution. Soviets tried to diminish Ukraine into just a region in the empire and the horrors soviets caused by doing that should never be forgotten.
@@inf11Soviets also starved them so severely that people were forced to eat their own dead family members out of desperation. They also stole their farms and grain, even while said starvation was being enacted
Another informative video Scott. @2.40 - both things mentioned were the oxidisers .... Shouldn't it also be burning kerosene/gasoline mix? Anyway, happy xmas dude.
Not surprised, that russian trolls fire up on comments to bless ussr (which truly could develop few good rocket engines, but that was it for the largest country in the world, with big resources.
Good video, and nice historical background, thanks Scott. The answer is not really, both the 'Ukrainian' and 'Russian' rockets are good. My team and I have used both in missions (these all went into GTOs): Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2004 Proton, on 1-May-2005 Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2005 Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2006 Zenit (Land Launch, from Baykonur), on 1-Feb-2009 Proton, on 11-Aug-2009 Proton, on 20-Aug-2010 Proton, on 10-Jul-2010 Proton, on 20-May-2011 Proton, on 29-Sep-2011 Proton, on 19-Oct-2011 Proton, on 25-Nov-2011 Proton, on 17-May-2012 Proton, on 9-Jul-2012 Proton, on 26-Mar-2013 Proton, on 20-Oct-2013 Proton, on 28-Sep-2017 (my fav mission) So I do have experience with the mission performances of these LVs, and I can honestly say there were all good. Funnily enough, in 5-Aug-2014 we used Falcon 9 for the first time, and its performance was adequate, but not as good as the Zenit and/or Proton. But by a mission done 10-Sep-2018, SpaceX had already iterated enough that the Falcon9's performance by then was as good as that of the Zenit/Proton...at a fraction of their cost.
The only problem I always saw for Zenth was its 1st stage engine. Too much "to the limit", too "perfect" for a less technologically advanced country. And the problem with too high performance engine is... it gives no warning when it decides it is "too much" for him. Zenith did not have many failures... but when it did - they were instantaneous and violent even for the industry that is used to such events. It might have been problematic to have humans on it - even the very advanced LES might not have time to detect what's coming, and power to get sufficiently far away... Nowadays, with moder sensors and advanced computer probably would have been possible to both tame the engine and diagnose problems.
During the 36 Sea Launch missions there were no " instantaneous and violent" events or engines running amok. There was one engine failure just after liftoff where the rocket fell back into the flame bucket and the fuel and oxygen exploded into a large fireball.
Most of them were designed by ethnic Russians, Ashkenazi Jews, ethnic Germans (Yangel), Poles, and a tiny bit of ethnic Ukrainians (emphasis on tiny). There. Resolved whose rockets these were for you. Either way, Soviet Union is no more, so it's all moot -- most smart people either died or got out of both Russia and -- especially -- the Ukraine since late 90s/early 00s.
The best closing of a video about rocket history... "... you'll never guess what happened next!"
Right? What a cliffhanger... Can't wait to find out!
😅
@@DUKE_of_RAMBLE He made his own rocket company, with blackjack and hookers!
No wait. That was Bender.
Yea what happened next was the invasion of Ukraine. Not what Scott meant here.
I love the result of them basically spitting in Musks face (quote from same book that they did spit in his face or on him). Certainly worked out in the US's favor.
I was going to say the same thing! Great finale!
I dearly love that Korolev hasn't been lost to history....
Korolev is was awesome. I always thought if Korolev and von Braun could have had a beer together, we would be on Mars.
His story is so ironical, so russian. They tried to kill him, because that's what they do, then realized his potential as an engineer, stopped trying to kill him, just to kill him by accident.
He never will be. He played an integral role in the history of space exploration.
Like the USA, Russia/Soviet Union extended the knowledge and work of Werner Von Braun.
native of Zhytomyr, Ukraine, by the way as well
@@Раковийсупець he was russian
I live 5 km away from Pivdenmash. Most of the stuff they designed and built in soviet times was military and highly classified, our city was a closed one for decades.
Pivdenmash? What is it?
@@AAaa-wu3el The State Factory "Production Union Southern Machine-Building Plant named after O.M. Makarov", officially abbreviated as Pivdenmash, is a Ukrainian state-owned aerospace manufacturer. Prior to 1991, it was a Soviet state-owned factory.
Pivdenmash produces spacecraft, launch vehicles (rockets), liquid-propellant rockets, landing gears, castings, forgings, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in Dnipro, and reports to the State Space Agency of Ukraine. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries.
@@AAaa-wu3el Formerly Yuzhmash. It's full name is "southern machinery building plant", they just changed "southern" part from russian "yug" to ukrainian "pivden" for obvious reasons.
@@Slithy Can you tell us what's left of the plant after the "Oreshnik" hit? Thanks!
@@achtzehn18-cm4vi It was a dud, solid payload imitators basically took chunks out of the buildings due to sheer force of impact, but there weren't any explosions so it's largely intact. Previous iskanders and whatnots over the course of last years inflicted incomparably more damage to it.
The US DoD/NATO designation for the R-7, Scott, is the SS-6 Sapwood.
Thanks for reminding me.
This is why Turkey is trying to get the Ukrainians to make the engines for their new KAAN fighter, there is generational knowledge and expertise in Ukraine for these kind of things.
The knowledge and expertise is long gone with USSR.
@@petunizedthe USSR ended in 1991. This means that USSR trained aerospace professionals are STILL IN THE WORKFORCE in Ukraine.
@@adamb8317 Nah, they have long ago moved to Russia. Since there is nowere to work for them in ukraine.
BTW according to UN statistics, most of ukrainean refugees are also in Russia. Poland is second popular destination for them
I think the Ukrainians are a little preoccupied at the moment.
@@petunized You mean Russia kidnapped them?
Scott, I'm pretty certain the Dnepr was ejected from it's silo by a black powder gas generator cartridge and not a piston. You can spot the cannister being ejected sideways after launch in most of the available videos.
Both are true, the cartridge acted as the piston (charge pushed the piston up and booster sat on the piston), think of a mortar.
The amount of CIPSO bots in the comment section is shocking.
They're activated by the word Ukraine in the title. Literally none of them even watched the video
Korolev was ukrainian, born in city of Zhytomyr.
Glushko and Chelomey were Ukrainian too.
Королев - русский. Родился в России.
До того как её разрушили кровавые коммуняцкие обезьяны.
Of the Soviet leaders, only the first and last were full Russians. It was a dictatorship, and together, Lenin and Gorby were dictators for a total of less than 8 years. The USSR itself existed for 69 years. Ukrainian leaders ran the country longer than anybody else.
Khrushchev was ethnic Russian but grew up in the Ukraine. Brezhnev was probably Ukrainian. Chernenko was ethnic Ukrainian from Siberia. Andropov's father was a Don Cossack (his mother's ethnicity is a bit unclear). Malenkov looks like a typical central Asian leader. His family immigrated from Turkey in the century before. Stalin was Georgian, his term was longer than anybody else's, but it was still less than Khrushchev + Brezhnev.
We could argue about this today, but SP undoubtedly thought of himself as Soviet. His mother was Ukrainian and his father was Russian. Think of it like this. Imagine that South and North Korea never reunites and they go on to form separate countries called Hankuk and Chosun that lasts for hundreds of years, and then they fight over whether Sejong belongs to who. Makes no sense for the man lived hundreds of years before the two countries split apart. When SP was alive, it was all one country. He definitely did not expect Russians and Ukrainians to be killing each other today.
Korolev was born in Russian empire, ethnically he is russian, and ukranian rocked industry is dead.
@@inf11there is no such ethnic as russian. Russia is a number of captured misc ethnoses. And Russia impire is dead same as Soviet union
The zenith is my favorite. It was also extremely automated and streamlined operations, which allowed it to be used at the sea launch platform
Nah it's the zenit... no h... it makes me unreasonably upset😂😂 I was saying out loud to myself " they could have had a pretty decent name... literally add an h"😂😂
@@kohanrains776 it's the same word tho, just not in Latin, but in Slavic spelling instead
@StellarGale same word, but that's a name... so it's Zenit not zenith🫤
@@kohanrains776 I speak Russian, I know, it's the autocorrect on mobile phone, sorry
Korolyov and Glushko are ethnic Ukrainians. Korolyov is from Zhytomyr (northern Ukraine), and Glushko is from Odesa (southern Ukraine). Yangel was born in Russia, but his parents were Ukrainians who were forcibly resettled from northern Ukraine by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century
There is not a single recording of any of them speaking ukrainean. They all spoke only russian
No wonder, since they have considered themselves russians
And what? Modern Ukrainian has nothing in common with that ukrane as a Russian district
So they were Russian.
Samara-based RSC Progress, which builds the Soyuz 2 series of boosters, has a new Soyuz 5 (irtysh) booster in development. It's basically a slightly upgraded Zenit that's all Russian made. The booster will use a simplified version of the successful RD-170 - the RD-171MV. The Soyuz 5 is the single stick version, but notionally the single stick will be the basis for side boosters three stick and five stick variants. It's still developmental, and Russia's economic issues put the future of the program in doubt.
The RD-171MV is far from being a "simplified version of the RD-170". The RD-171MV is derived from the RD-171M, which has 5-10% more thrust than original RD-170, and is made completely out of Russian components. The Soyuz-5 (Irtysh) project is tied to Kazakhstan's "Baiterek" space complex in Baikonur, the latter has faced numerous delays and is completely under Kazakhstan's responsibility, not Russia. The Soyuz-5 is ready and its debut launch is expected to be in December 2025 (perhaps a bit later in 2026). So please, get your facts straight.
@@AdrIneX All RD-170, RD-180 and RD-190 series of engines have never had any components other than Russian ones.
@@RustedCroaker Re-read what I posted: the RD-171MV is derived from the RD-171M, not the RD-170. The RD-171M (also known as the RD-173) was used for the Zenit-2. So it's very likely that the RD-171M had some foreign (Ukrainian) components in it. Hope that clears it up for you.
@@AdrIneX плавучий космодром "морской старт" так же планировался на переоснащение с ракет "зенит" на "союз-5", но частный инвестор собственник стартового комплекса компания S-7 из-за наложенных иностранных санкций и невозможности проводить коммерческие запуски в международных водах заморозил проект,уже прошло 10 лет как всё ржавеет у причала,это печально.
Good video, Thank you Scott for highlighting Ukrainian contributions and pointing out some important reasons why most projects meet their end. I believe we will see Cyclone-4M actually launching and other modern project in the future.
If like me you're having trouble following this video right out of the gate, it's not of much consequence that Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko were both Ukrainian. In this era, the R-7 and other technologies they developed were Soviet. (Sergei Korolev was actually sent to the Gulag on false anti-Soviet charges before later developing this first ICBM plus much more as director of the Soviet space program. His death as a consequence of health issues interrupted Soviet ambitions for a moon landing ahead of the United States. Valentin Glushko was imprisoned during the Great Purge as well but avoided hard labor. He would also work on the R-7 and later take over the reorganized space program several years after Korolev's death.) The third figure is Mikhail Yangel, shown on the Ukrainian stamp, who also contributed to the first ICBM. Again it's not of much consequence he was actually Russian. His design bureau Dnepropetrovsk was located in Ukraine, so everything from the modern Zenit rocket family all the way back to the R-12 seen in the Cuban Missile Crisis to can be considered of Ukrainian origin. Unfortunately the delineation gets buried under all the technical details in the video, if one is even possible. The situation between Russia and Ukraine was somewhat murky and their relationship cautious from the Orange Revolution in 2004 up until Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014.
Merry Christmas, Scott & your family! Stay well, and fly safe!
@Scott, Dnipro was in Ukraine back then too.
Dnipropetrovsk
@@zsoltmolnar1143 Yes, both city and oblast, still and was always Ukraine.
It will not be in the future.
@@brianfriedman101 +5 roubles komrade
@@ffffuchs Look at you, tossing pennies to trolls. ;-)
I think that was your best close out of a video yet, that was perfect. "and you'll never guess what happened next." 👏👏👏
15:28 Imagine they still had the og controls with the two keys, the only time where two people turning keys in a bunker doesnt result in absolute devestation...
wasnt the Docking guidance system for the space stations also ukrainian?
It was later replaced with a Russian system.
Yeah, it was Soviet.
yep, made in Kharkiv and Chernihiv
Generally everything good happened in Ukraine is Ukrainean. Everything bad is Russian
To be fair, Ukraine basically was the Soviet Union's equivalent of Pennsylvania, the rust belt, Iowa, and silicon valley all in one. Belarus is now Russia's Arkansas.
🎅Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year everyone🎅
@@frankowalker4662 Same to you🤗🌲
Many of the best Soviet ICBMs were designed and built in Ukraine...along with many of the Inertial Navigation Systems used to guide them...were also developed and built in Ukraine. For that matter, many of the technical (electronic warfare and radars) systems used in Soviet era aircraft to also designed and built in Ukraine.
It is part of the reason I believe Russia invaded Ukraine in the first place.
That sounds absurd to be honest. Invading a country because it had some design bureaus as a part of Soviet Union and those bureaus designed the things they were initially founded for? Are you implying that Russia never developed it's own navigation systems and ICBMs so it had to invade Ukraine to... steal soviet technology? As if this technology wasn't shared across bureaus anyway
Most of the Russian turboshaft and turbofan aircraft engines are designed and built in Ukraine.
It was the case in the soviet era but that's not case anymore today. Russia produces its own advanced avionics, navigation systems and EW systems by itself and does not depend on Ukraine. Russia also produces far more advanced military and civil aircraft engines... Ukraine's industry has suffered a lot from corruption for 30 years and it is now essentially bankrupt like the entire country.
@@ChrisHarding-lk3jj I mean... sure. I'm not saying that there were no connections between Russia and Ukraine after the Soviet Union fell apart. The supply chain was very interconnected and things remained that way for a long time. It is cheaper to continue producing parts in factories that were built in Ukraine and just buy them instead of building a whole new factory for the exact same purpose. Sadly, the war has ended that relationship. My point was (in the now deleted comment for some reason) that there is no way Russia would decide to invade Ukraine just because it was manufacturing like 1% of parts for Russian rockets and planes. That would be highly impractical imo
What you're missing from that anachronistic high you're riding is the fact that the people involved were Soviet. It doesn't matter where in today's term they were born in, they were all from the Soviet Union and didn't really think of Ukraine as separate. In fact, if you read Chertok's memoirs, all engineers were deeply sad when Stalin passed away. So it's kinda childish to have this "oh ukraine is good, russia is bad, everything is ukraine" behavior that invalidates the will, motivation and work of all the Soviet engineers involved in all of these projects.
6:00 pretty big correction: the R-36 and R-36M which is on screen are completely different missiles. The R-36M was developed into the Dnepr launch vehicle and has nothing to do with Cyclone. Also the engines for Cyclone were not produced in Russia like you stated.
Noticed this also! There is probably multiple videos worth of content (if you can find the sources) on why Soviet missile systems shared designations even if they were entirely different designs (and it wasn't just missiles, aircraft to, the Tu-22 and Tu-22M are _vastly_ different aircraft).
Long story short, it was easier to procure a budget for a new system if you framed it as an upgrade to an old system.
Anyway, the R-36 was the SS-9 Scarp and the SS-18 was the Satan (I am not sure if the NATO designation being 18 was a coy nod to the fact that it was "related" to the SS-9).
Korolev and Glushko, what is most important, the cart or the horse. Thanks for mentioning the 2 great men. It is a wonder that they survived the purge.
Is it?
Living on Palos Verdes Pennisula I could see the Sea Launch barge and control ship in the US navy port in Long Beach. It was there for years.
Ukraine designed and built a LOT of the Soviet stuff. Go Ukraine
Right. So after their independence they just what? Lost all that IP? They have no satellites, they have no missile force other than what we gave them. No aerospace force or industry. No air force. If they designed a lot of the Soviet stuff it stands to reason that some of it would carry over no? But nothing did. And it isn't like they don't have strategic resources. That's what the war in the Donbass is all about. All those metals, minerals that Linsay Graham won't stop talking about and is lusting over, natural gas etc etc. They have all the stuff they need to keep designing all this great Soviet stuff they allegedly designed. Where is it?
they built it and everything they made went to moscow
Strange that after USSR it lost the ability to design anything and simply stagnated to irrelevance.
@@petunized Yeah right. Or they never did design anything in the first place. That's the other possibility.
Ukraine did nothing.. Only Ukrainians did it, without claiming the existence of Ukraine, without thinking about the fact that this country exists and so on, because it simply did not exist. If Ukraine invented absolutely everything in the Soviet Union, then why, after its emergence as a sovereign country, did it have absolutely no technologies, innovations, or aspirations in science? It's strange that according to your data all the scientists were Ukrainians, but for some reason they didn't dedicate their works to their country.
Perfect timing for this as russia closed TH-cam for its citizens. 😊
Reason to celebrate, isn't it? Because Russians without access to free information will be more inclined to stop the war, won't they?
yeah. when i first saw them agonize about it, it was really happy that rusobots gonna go away. perhaps*
Yeah, sure. And that's why I write this comment using pigeons, right.
@@RustedCroaker wwell, at leas it locks off people that are not so smart.
@eduardostapenko6808 Stop liking your own comments. It's looks silly.
Thanks for all the work you do Scott, Hope you and your family have a great Christmas!
The Cyclone project with Brazil failed due to the corruption involving this project
Remember the near first casualties in a space crash? Russians didn't want to pay real price for the ukrainian integrated automatic docking radar of the Soyuz.
17:21 What did happen next with the Elon guy?? I hate cliffhanger endings; just tell us what happened next!!!
He put on an Infinity Gauntlet and said "Fine, I'll do it myself"
@@TheDesktopOrbinaut that guy couldn’t do anything himself even if his dad paid for it.
He joined a kakistocracy.
Great vid and I love how you managed to tied it all up nicely in the end to the very frontier of space exploration with SpaceX but a great history lesson all round on some less well known rockets. Well done!
IDK about the rockets, but the computer designers in Kyiv definitely were more open-minded towards digital solutions than the construction bureaus in Moscow.
*Kiev
The question doesn’t even make sense. Trotsky and Khrushchev were Ukrainian, Gorbachev was half Ukrainian, Brezhnev was in the Ukrainian wing of the party. Stalin was Georgian.
Scott, you rock! Merry Christmas to you and your family. Peace ❤
Fantastic as always. Many thanks Scott.
Hi Scott, you might consider doing a video segment on the Chinese satellite that burned up a couple nights ago over the south-central USA (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri). A lot of people saw it burn up as it did an uncontrolled re-entry at about 10 p.m. local time on 12/21.
It's been reported that it was GaoJing 1-02 (Superview 1-02).
That wasn't a Chinese satellite. That was Santa :(
@@juniperpansy yes, due to chimneys and fireplaces getting rarer these days, Santa has to been forced to adapt.
Unfortunately, this has required small enough particles to fit through the fins of a heat pump....
😮
I love your show, Scott. You're the man.
Did I see that right? The START rocket has 5 nose cones.
Dunno, but this contraption was maybe the most kerbal I've ever seen!
You mentioned the GRACE system, I was a controller for GRACE at DLR and still have copies of the First Light printouts. I also went to the Energia centre outside of Moscow to the Sergei Korolev Museum & ISS control centre.
Russian Cyber Ministry is all up in this comment section.
ISW is all up in this comment section.
They really don't like it when people bring up the hypothetical of a Ukrainian new clear program... So, perhaps they also dislike any kind of information about corresponding Ukrainian capabilities?
@@highdefinist9697 New clear. I'm stealing that.
@@highdefinist9697 nucular
Is that right, huh.
There are those who subscribed to this channel with the presumption that it was apolitical.
That is no longer true.
Your comment looks very "glowie." Discredited and ignored henceforth.
14:20 I want to know more about this "protective capsule" !
Nice to see the Ukrainian vehicles getting a mention.
It's Soviet. Ukraine didnt make a single one
@@petunizeddon't cry, ivan. Better learn chinese language - that's your new masters.
*Russian vehicles
@@petunized Then Russia didn't make single one either.
@@thirdofseveninc Russia makes and launches them constantly. The last one mere 2 weeks ago.
Including completely new types, like Angara, which did not exist in soviet times.
I personally liked the “lost Soviet rockets” video title better…I can see you use the “a vs b” video title testing features.
Considering what the Ukrainians are developing now as far as weapons with limited resources it seems they are better at it
They are brilliant at inventing new ways to siphon off money from the West.
So it was the German Moon program, Saturn V, I see.
I love how Space-X was a direct result of pissing Elon Musk off. It's the biggest middle finger you can give. Jerk me around? I'll just figure out a better way of doing it, and then go on to dominate a market that didn't exist before.
Meanwhile twitter is the opposite of it...
@@PrograError X is doing just fine. Still turning a profit, and instead of censoring speech, is allowing everybody a voice.
But i guess you're just another one on the hate train.
Sometimes I think we made all of these technological achievements with the main goal in mind to fight other.. humans. We truly are a different kind of species!
Lions eat they babies. Shimps killing each other all the times.
Stop pretending people are uniquely violent, this is not true.
все страны так начинали свои космические программы, тот же спейс икс так же заточен под заказы и потребности пентагона при полной закрытости финансовых результатов проекта, что также характерно для засекреченных военных программ.
Yep Ukrainians are good at building rockets and aerospace engineers like Hlusko , Koroliv, Ivchenko, Sikorsky and most of Soviet Ukraine was a military industrial complexes that produced 40 percent of all military equipment. After the war with Russia is over Ukrainians will build a cosmodrome in Kherson to launch rockets to space .
@PomahXomehko Didn't see any launches of ukrainian rockets for the last 3 decades
@@nik020597 вообще-то конверсионные ракеты шахтного базирования выводили полезную нагрузку на орбиту, в википедии есть полный список запусков, будьте осторожны в выражениях и формулировках чтоб не выглядеть глупым пропагандистом.
сперва для начала пускай восстановят "мрию" как и всю авиа отрасль в целом. Забавно но факт: это случится быстрее при победе России, ведь по тому же ролику Скота Мэнли видно насколько широка была кооперация двух соседних стран, а западным производителям конкурент не нужен, весь 30 летний период незалежности Украину усиленно разоружали и деиндустриализировали именно по этой причине как наследника космических проектов СССР.
@alexgood1056 подобається АН-196?
@@Inchaos42 сойдёт, до Сибири всё равно не долетит. байрактар недоделанный какой-то, своей украинской школы БПЛА чтоль нет? ))
Happy holidays Scott!
Think of how successful Russia could be if they simply treated the former "republics" of the USSR as equal partners and gave them freedom to direct their own economic and political affairs? Treating a country with respect, and using "honey" rather than "vinegar" to keep the relationship, is always more successful. Some people seem to accuse the US of taking advantage of other countries, but I submit that it is the way the US has interacted with other countries since WW2, creating mutual benefits is why the US has such successful alliances. Let us hope that Trump does not ruin the good will by treating every alliance as a pissing contest and a win/lose process.
Yes, you would end up with Ukraine like it is today, corrupt government where the people are not looked after. Even now occupied territories are hoping for a Russian take over so medical supplies and food can once again flow through. Why anyone is rooting for a Ukranian "victory" is beyond me. Or why people think the US has business there
The US doesn't really need anybody. Do people not realize how bad the economy is, its running on fumes. Every alliance (trade deal) is a win/lose situation where they have been losing for many many years... if it wasn't Trump it would be someone else fixing a long overdue mess.
Yeahhh this is something people seem to miss when going "Ohh what about thr US what about the US they do bad too"
It's quite on the opposite side. All RF politic for (most of) ex-USSR republics (and some ex-Warsaw pact countries) was based (and STILL based) on idea "we are giving some economy benefits (like prices MUCH lower than open market ones) to you, and you are singing some "we are brothers" song to us".
Other sides, in their turns, seen nothing wrong in at least some grade of compilance to such terms and taking resouces in exchange for mere words.
"Problem arised" when "our esteemed leadership" stared to act as if they truely believed in such "friendship songs" (and own propaganda about "it's only need to push ukranians slightly and they will fall happily in our loving huggs")
As we (USSR) desided to break up, and live as "normal capitalilst countries", all things would be much more "healthier" if resulting states just do everything by pure by open market principes, discarding all that "we are still family" stuff.
America did not let Cuba have missiles, and Russia didn't want ukraine to have them either. Ukraine would've been able to remain an independent player who associates economically with russia, but America had too much influence within ukraine as a proxy. Blame the US for the breakdown of relations
The R-7/Soyuz launch vehicles...IMO the coolest looking launchers ever!
We can talk about "Ukrainian" rockets only after 1991. Soviet rockets was made by efforts of the thouthands specialists from all republics of USSR, from Armenia to Azerbaijan
And considering that breakup of soviet union was not exactly carried along ethnical borders and purposeful, ethnic clensing and mixing and shuffling in SU .... distinction makes even less sense.
I need a video about relighting engines. I wanna know how it's done.
One may like or hate Ukrainian missiles, but no argue about "pure" Russian stuff looking pale without Ukrainian contribution. Lost track of their missile program years as just "not cool anymore"... Heard them from time to time bragging (as they always do) about some new "fantastic" missile with some brand new bang-patriotic name... then stumbled on its codename R-36M2 and was stopped in my tracks in disbelief: does what I see _really_ mean what I see?! Is a "new great scary thing" really just a clone, a repeat of an old Yangel's missile?! So old, in fact, that it was a relic of the past even by the time I got to university, over 30 years ago?! Yes, it _is_ an attempt to repeat the ancient Ukrainian missile! And even that they can't get right, launching failure after failure? And they are even _bragging_ about it? Oh come on...
Ukraine is a fake entity created by communists. It never existed before, and looks like wont exist much after. You are witnessing it's last years
Absolutely fascinating, ❤ thanks for all your videos this year Scott , merry Christmas to you and your family 🎉
Lmao at all the tankies and bots in the comments. No amount of Russian revisionism can change the fact that 3/4 of the main Soviet rocket designers (Корольо́в, Глушко, and Челоме́й; exception is Мишин) were born in Ukraine. Forget "better than the Russian designers," if it wasn't for Ukrainians, there would be no Soviet *or* Russian space program
no, it is if not Russia ukrainians would not get a first class STEM education and get to work on something more complex than a tracktor. You don't understand how empire work. To prove my point - Russia is making all that stuff (planes, nuclear plants, space rockets, very sophisticated parts for detectors of LHC CERN, top shelf IT services) without Ukraine since 1991, Ukraine without Russia - not that much.
It means that Russia is very right claiming that most of so called Ukrainians are Russians who are now forced to call themselves "Ukrainians".
so where is ukranian space program if they did it for ussr? 😂
@@jettrd_utilitychnl4230Ukraine could become good and prosperous european country if russia did not subjugate it long time ago.
@@inf11because there's a fucking war going on
Very interesting rundown on lesser known rockets. With Zenit, it seems that it had experienced a difficult development process, with the RD-171 engines, and then experienced more than its share of launch failures after the Energiya-Buran program.
A book by Hendrickx and Vis - on "Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle" - seems to imply that problems with Zenit/the strap on booster was a contributor to delays to the Energiya-Buran program, with the first completely successful Zenit launch occurring on 22 October 1985 (pg 264). It was noted later in the book that the maiden flight on 13 April 1985 took place "almost six years later than originally planned" (pg 407).
And Zenit experienced "three back-to-back launch failures" in the "1990-1992 timeframe" (page 407). On Wikipedia, the entry on the Zenit rocket family noted 10 launch failures and 3 partial failures, for 71 successful flights out of 84 launch attempts (of all versions).
Included in that count were first stage engine failures in 1997, 2007 and 2013, well after the cancellation of Energiya-Buran.
Zenit my beloved ❤
I'm surprised to learn, so casually by passing, that we've had space launch vehicles that could launch from a submarine.
“Did soviet design better rockets than soviets designers?” 🤔🤔
🧠
I somehow missed how many Sea Launch flights there actually were.
36 total launches at sea by Sea Launch. 6 launches by "Land Launch" which also used Zenit.
How could you make a video about Ukrainian rockets, mention both Korolyov and Glushko, and yet not mention that they were both Ukrainian?!
Because the Ukraine thing was mainly in the title, the story is about all the Soviet rockets that we don’t talk about.
i think everyday astronaut did a long form video of the ussr rocket factories and what got built where. i know he covers what got built in ukraine .
Technically speaking Sergey Korolev was also Ukrainian as he was born, raised and educated in Ukraine, but back than everybody was hammered to be a Soviet. He made virtually no progress in rocket design save for design a basic MRLS until he got hands on German V-2 with a bunch of German engineers. Basically Souz is the continuation of .... V-2 ...
The idea 4 chamber engine was introduced by Germans as a way to address instability as they tried to scale up V-2 at the final days of war. Once USSR managed to adopt V-2 to their limited manufacturing capabilities under R-5, they hit the same issue and took advantage of German idea in RD-107.
Korolev was of mixed heritage, ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, and Pontic Greek, and spoke Russian only. Zhitomir was a Russian/Yiddish/Polish speaking city.
Korolev was part of the group that successfully developed liquid-fuel rockets as early as 1928 and launched them in the early 1930s. See GIRD, GIRD9, GIRD-X and OSSOAWIACHIM.
Stalin had simply failed to recognize the value of these developments and, in his paranoia, preferred to murder half of his generals and condemn smart people like Korolev in show trials as alleged enemies. Korolev was in a gulag until the end of WW2. He was only released to examine the remains of A4/V2 production in Germany. The Americans had obtained the majority of the parts, plans and experts in OP Paperclip while the Soviet Union was still fighting for Berlin. In contrast to other countries, the Soviet Union already had its own experience with liquid-fuel rockets. The few experts that the Soviet Union found in East and Central Germany were never directly involved in the development. The Soviets' strategy of secrecy was against this. They were kept busy with fake tasks, while Korolev came up with the idea of enlarging the tanks and using twice the number of turbo pumps. It is a popular prejudice that the Soviets always got everything from others, but that is nonsense. They also had Ziolkowskie there, the man who had already planned and calculated the entire space program at the end of the 19th century. They also founded the first space travel society in 1921 (even before the British one, which was founded in 1924 and is now the oldest in the world) and held an exhibition on space travel in 1924 that attracted worldwide attention.
Btw: Sikorski, the great aircraft and helicopter developer, had already successfully built giant aircraft for the Russian Tsar before he went to America.
@@EliHaNavithis is absolute lie. Not only Korolev speak ukrainian, but he also write in Soviet Census that he is Ukrainian.
@@mikesilver2283 There is not a single recording of him speaking ukrainean. Only russian. Forced ukrainesation by the soviets simply didnt allow writing anything else in the census. All kids were forced under threats of GULAG for their parents to learn ukrainean. But Korolev educated at Russian Empire times, so he happily avoided forced ukrainesation by the soviets
@petunized it's just a Pyhor Pyhomir losing his marbles
Scott, the proton is down to its last few launch’s. I think they have stopped building them now with the remainder in storage.
Yes, Angara is Russia's replacement.
Ok, sir, much respect, wish you to weather the storm of these comments well.
Merry Christmas!
Re: The R-12, Scott said it ran on nitric acid + nitrogen tetraoxide, but those are both oxidizers, and shouldn't react with each other in any sort of energetic way... Was this a mistake? What is the fuel for this rocket?
Jesus the toxicity of Tankies in this comment section
Nationalists are always very toxic.
We need a movie on the starting of SpaceX really
So the question today is - What is Russia's capability today? Does Russia have the capability to product rockets and engines from 100% within Russia?
yes, what about ukraine?
No. All high tech stuff they make contains tons of western or chinese parts. They can't make computer chips for example.
It's a "question" only for newborn babies.
They can probably still produce the Ручной противотанковый гранатомёт-1, as long as the propellant doesn't get added to someone's tea or sprinkled on someone's cabbage patch and replaced with sea salt.
@@benbaselet2026 there are or maybe there *is* a ~50nm fab in Russia, where afaik they produce some of their own chips. Otherwise, 90% of the nations on the planet do not produce their own chips, so kind of a pointless remark.
Ukrainian designers?! Is that the same dudes digging Black Sea?!
finally a great detailed video about rockets developed in the city of Dnipro by Yuzhmash and the Yangel Design Bureau.
Thanks Scott and greetings from Ukraine.💙💛
treat half your citizens as human next time
Damnit, now I have to go start a career playthrough in KSP with Soviet part mods. Addiction extended!
I don't understand what Ukrainian rocket designers Scott is talking about? All the prophetic Soviet rocket designers were born either in the Russian Empire or in the USSR.
👏
Thank you Scott! Great Video, as always!
Because of discussions about Korolev here in the comments: he was part of the group that successfully developed liquid-fuel rockets as early as 1928 and launched them in the early 1930s. See GIRD, GIRD9, GIRD-X and OSSOAWIACHIM.
Stalin had simply failed to recognize the value of these developments and, in his paranoia, preferred to murder half of his generals and condemn smart people like Korolev in show trials as alleged enemies. Korolev was in a gulag until the end of WW2. He was only released to examine the remains of A4/V2 production in Germany. The Americans had obtained the majority of the parts, plans and experts in OP Paperclip while the Soviet Union was still fighting for Berlin. In contrast to other countries, the Soviet Union already had its own experience with liquid-fuel rockets. The few experts that the Soviet Union found in East and Central Germany were never directly involved in the development. The Soviets' strategy of secrecy was against this. They were kept busy with fake tasks, while Korolev came up with the idea of enlarging the tanks and using twice the number of turbo pumps. It is a popular prejudice that the Soviets always got everything from others, but that is nonsense. They also had Ziolkowskie there, the man who had already planned and calculated the entire space program at the end of the 19th century. They also founded the first space travel society in 1921 (even before the British one, which was founded in 1924 and is now the oldest in the world) and held an exhibition on space travel in 1924 that attracted worldwide attention.
Btw: Sikorski, the great aircraft and helicopter developer, had already successfully built giant aircraft for the Russian Tsar before he went to America.
Sergey Korolev was from Ukraine 😉
He called himself "Russian". So did Antonov and others
you didn't know what ukraine was 3 years ago
UDMH and LOX? How’s that for making your life as difficult as possible?
The Soviet Union depended quite extensively on the innovative spirit of Ukrainians. Russia without them is much less than the subtraction of Soviet parts.
13:18 I'm sure someone had already mentioned that "POKOT" means "rumble" in russian.
But if not - here it is )
Scott, awesome ending!
Darius Emanuel Grouch III, a.k.a. The POKOT
Big parts of the soviet 'military-industrial complex' were based in ukraine, rocketry and subsystems, but also fuel production for rockets and all kinds of missiles, but also tanks and naval production.
In my opinion one the big reasons they started wanting it back after the 2014 situation which boils down to a failed coup attempt (exact thing they are trying to do in Georgia at the minute).
They must have realized after years of stalled military programs how much the ukrainian supply chain on the whole was actually worth and they stopped delivering russians a lot of things after 2014 which is probably when the realization really hit them.
The other thing is natural gas... in 2011 a massive new field was discovered in the Sea of Azov, the 2013-14 political situation started exactly after Ukraine gave the mining rights to Shell instead of Gazprom... russia is just a gas station, the politics is just a thin second layer on top of their main concern of oil & gas money
Not really. Putin has long since publicly and openly declared his view that the breakup of the Soviet Union was the greatest tragedy to befall the Russian people in the 20th century. Reconstituting the old Evil Empire has been Putin's passion project pretty much since he was first elected President. He's just been getting incrementally more direct and aggressive about it over the years.
Thanks Scott for a great history lesson! 🙂😎
It's a complete coincidence that North Korea's ICBM programme got the biggest boost ever right after PA Pivdenmash lost all contracts with Roscosmos following the events of 2014...
Yes. Russia is selling missile tech for bodies and ammo.
Same as the complete coincidence that north korean kn-23 ballistic missile is basically renamed and simplified version of russian iskander.
@@beaverkingO LOL you have no idea what you're talking about.
The KN-23 uses the same solid rocket motor as the Pukkuksong-1 SLBM, which is much much wider in diameter than the Iskander-M missile.
In solid rocket motors, diameter is everything. The two projects aren't even remotely related.
yep, russia was getting close with NK for more than a decades, a lot of NK's famous GULAG's are actually located in the russian Primorsky Krai, where north korean prisoners have been chopping wood and doing other hard labour since the 1990s at least
@@luca7069 Sure.. How about kn-02? Also "not even remotely related" projects with tochka SRBM? The point is: most NK rocket tech is either soviet or russian based.
Scott, could you make a video exploring this: If the Parker Solar Probe were to continue performing flybys and gravity assists around the Sun (theoretically; disregarding real technical challenges), could it eventually accelerate to a meaningful fraction of the speed of light, and how long will it take it to do it? As far as I understand, currently its speed is
about 0.06% of the speed of light.
2:13 clarify, when was it not Ukraine??
He just phrased it that way because the country was USSR. Of course it was still in Ukraine within the USSR.
Beautiful analysis as usual and bita history
Just peeked into the comment section before finishing, and geez
Amount of people complaining about the title, its kinda pathetic.
Like seriously whats your problem guys?
They can’t handle that many of the noteworthy achievements of the USSR were not done in their entirety by Russians it seems.
its bots
It is an easy way to get extra engagement whether intentional or by accident.
We subscribed for the science and engineering and NOT for politics, however subtly presented.
@@ForcixYour assertion it is political in nature would seem to be the actually political statement. This is simply acknowledging history
Nice bit of history there!
About the naming convention in Russian. Having studied Russian and loving dill flavor I was eating at a Russian place in Brighton Beach, NYC, and this exact topic came up. The lady behind the counter explained to me in Russian you can only name people a person's name. No Star or any hippy types names. So I guess the same applies to rockets and satellites, only rocket and satellite names can be used.
Thanks for the history lesson, Scott! 😊
Merry Christmas!
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
It's no that Ukraine's rockets are better. It's that the soviets put most of the engineering and production facilities there, because of the climatic conditions, more easy access to resources and transportation, with engineers from everywhere. That would be like saying "did Alabama design better rocket than Alaska designers ?" While most engineers aren't even from Alabama in Alabama to start with, but from all the US.
Or like saying "did Ukraine design better ships than Russian designers ?", while most soviets shipyards were in Ukraine because of the climat and easier access for their ships to more open seas with the Montreux convention.
Never forget that Ukraine was the soviet industrial powerhouse and that Ukraine inherited the biggest industrial base from any ex soviet states (even Russia), but did nothing with it at the end of the day and is the only ex soviet state that was in a worst place economicaly in 2010 than in 1991 (after 2014 and being partially invanded you can't really blame them for being in a bad place).
To me, it's more about Ukraine not having usually acknowledged enough for their contribution. Soviets tried to diminish Ukraine into just a region in the empire and the horrors soviets caused by doing that should never be forgotten.
@@2ebarmanwhat do you mean? soviets literally added poland/russian empire lands to ukraine, while people living there was not even ethnically ukranian
@@inf11and who where they?
@ romians, Hungarian, polish, russian, Lvov is not originally Ukrainian city, so does Odessa for example.
@@inf11Soviets also starved them so severely that people were forced to eat their own dead family members out of desperation. They also stole their farms and grain, even while said starvation was being enacted
Isn't the R-7 of all variants approaching 2000 launches by now?
So, basically, SpaceX happened because of the greed of the russians.
Oh, the irony! :-)
and iraq had WMDs
TBH, no one believed he could then... spaceflight was the realm of the military industrial complex.
Another informative video Scott. @2.40 - both things mentioned were the oxidisers .... Shouldn't it also be burning kerosene/gasoline mix? Anyway, happy xmas dude.
Not surprised, that russian trolls fire up on comments to bless ussr (which truly could develop few good rocket engines, but that was it for the largest country in the world, with big resources.
Glushko's engines are amazing.
@@scottmanley russian major problem was lack of skillful workforce, they had few geniuses and lots of desperate drinkers...
When USSR bad it's Russia, when USSR did something good, oh it's all the other countries but Russia. Very insightful.
@@scottmanley Yeah, if he only could along with Sergey Pavlowich...
(Both were ukrainian, btw)
@@scottmanley Are Scottish rockets ever existed? For some reason England produced several famous engine designs, but not Scotland.
Good video, and nice historical background, thanks Scott. The answer is not really, both the 'Ukrainian' and 'Russian' rockets are good. My team and I have used both in missions (these all went into GTOs):
Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2004
Proton, on 1-May-2005
Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2005
Zenit (Sea Launch), on 1-Jun-2006
Zenit (Land Launch, from Baykonur), on 1-Feb-2009
Proton, on 11-Aug-2009
Proton, on 20-Aug-2010
Proton, on 10-Jul-2010
Proton, on 20-May-2011
Proton, on 29-Sep-2011
Proton, on 19-Oct-2011
Proton, on 25-Nov-2011
Proton, on 17-May-2012
Proton, on 9-Jul-2012
Proton, on 26-Mar-2013
Proton, on 20-Oct-2013
Proton, on 28-Sep-2017 (my fav mission)
So I do have experience with the mission performances of these LVs, and I can honestly say there were all good.
Funnily enough, in 5-Aug-2014 we used Falcon 9 for the first time, and its performance was adequate, but not as good as the Zenit and/or Proton. But by a mission done 10-Sep-2018, SpaceX had already iterated enough that the Falcon9's performance by then was as good as that of the Zenit/Proton...at a fraction of their cost.
That’s like saying MiG was Armenian. Soviet is Soviet, especially by the time Korolev was into his work. His forming years were during the revolution.
Not to mention the historical fact people keep neglecting:
The Soviet Union was formed entirely within the borders of Russia.
The only problem I always saw for Zenth was its 1st stage engine. Too much "to the limit", too "perfect" for a less technologically advanced country. And the problem with too high performance engine is... it gives no warning when it decides it is "too much" for him. Zenith did not have many failures... but when it did - they were instantaneous and violent even for the industry that is used to such events. It might have been problematic to have humans on it - even the very advanced LES might not have time to detect what's coming, and power to get sufficiently far away...
Nowadays, with moder sensors and advanced computer probably would have been possible to both tame the engine and diagnose problems.
During the 36 Sea Launch missions there were no " instantaneous and violent" events or engines running amok. There was one engine failure just after liftoff where the rocket fell back into the flame bucket and the fuel and oxygen exploded into a large fireball.
Most of them were designed by ethnic Russians, Ashkenazi Jews, ethnic Germans (Yangel), Poles, and a tiny bit of ethnic Ukrainians (emphasis on tiny). There. Resolved whose rockets these were for you. Either way, Soviet Union is no more, so it's all moot -- most smart people either died or got out of both Russia and -- especially -- the Ukraine since late 90s/early 00s.
According newly accepted version of history, Ukrainians built everything, starting from Atlantis and Pyramids.
Another reminder of how old Soyuz is, also how ridiculous the space industry was before Falcon 9...
I guess Elon Musk was able to build his own rockets after all
No, he's not a qualified engineer. He just paid for it.
@@zacklewis342 So I guess Elon Musk was able to build his own rockets after all
Don't leave us hanging like that! What happened next?!?!