Thank you very much for making this video about my great aunt. My dad's grandfather and Emmy's father were brothers. I don't fully comprehend these contributions since I spent most of my life studying history, politics and literature of China, but on behalf of my family I wish to thank you for your efforts to disseminate this knowledge.
This is the first time I've head the name Noether pronounce that way, I remember it being pronounced more like no-th-er by a person with the same last name didn't know he shared a last name with someone so important.
I've grown to love Dr. Lincoln's many podcasts on the subject of physics, related disciplines and the people and personalities who made it all happen. This one was no exception. When he mentioned Noether taught (even briefly) at Bryn Mawr College, I had a sudden jolt of pride and electricity run through me. I graduated Haverford College (Byrn Mawr's "brother" school and a mile away from each other on Philly's Main Line) in 1985. To famous alumni/college community members besides Katherine Hepburn, we add your illustrious great aunt. What a life. What a genius before her time. Blessings to your family.
I think Noether's theorem was worthy a Nobel Prize in Physics. From a pure mathematical standpoint maybe it isn't very impressive, but the implications to physics are deep and many. Consider the importance of the role symmetry has played in particle physics since her time.
maybe the higher ups that control the peace prize knew that he just a babbling sleeping unconscious defunct Jesus n they dont wanna rise that up into attention. so they let people like that just go wherever however n deceive people. a demons n devils greatest gift. people like albert einstein. make iT all look natural. seamless.
This is ridiculous: most significant, really? How come I have never heard of her? I doubt anybody know her at all until this video. Oh, because she is a woman. There is something wrong in your head.
@@seanleith5312 But no one in this comment has said that her work is 'the most' significant or anything about the gender of her? Did they delete their comment that youre replying to? Also, simply because she, or anyone, is a person that you have never heard of isnt a valid reason to believe that their work are insignificant. It is common that people are only famous in their own field but not the general public. It could also be your own lack of knowledge that makes you unaware of her.
With regards to Noether's theorem (1915), if we want to be more specific and inclusive, Emmy Noether was not the first person to discover the fundamental link between symmetries and conserved currents (energy, momentum, angular momentum, etc.). Many people in the physics community ignore this fact, but the intimate connection between symmetries and conservation laws was first noticed in classical mechanics by Jacobi in 1842. In his paper, Jacobi showed that for systems describable by a classical Lagrangian, invariance of the Lagrangian under translations implies that linear momentum is conserved, and invariance under rotations implies that angular momentum is conserved. Still later, Ignaz Robert Schütz (1897) derived the principle of conservation of energy from the invariance of the Lagrangian under time translations. Gustav Herglotz (1911) was the first to give a complete discussion of the constants of motion assiciated with the invariance of the Lagrangian under the group of inhomogeneous Lorentz transformations. Herglotz also showed that the Lorentz transformations correspond to hyperbolic motions in R3. What Noether did, was to put every case into the generalized and firm framework of a mathematical theorem.
My 6 year old daughter loved this video. She insisted I subscribe. Thank you for making physics so accessible and talking about the contributions of women scientists and mathematicians.
She must be some child prodigy. You should get her interested in Blender, 3D modelling software which many NASA scientists use for their projects. Blender can be used not only for creating 3D models, also for writing maths for physics simulations. Blender is an open-source software, which is free to download from its official website. Few 8 year olds can grasp Blender, despite its steep learning curve. Blender is highly addictive for learning, better than Candy Crush.
@@pinklady7184 All I can say is: wtf? Blender is creative art software, not science/technology software. Nobody makes maths or physics simulations in Blender.
Dr. Don Lincoln is absolutely my favorite physicist in TH-cam because not only is he highly knowledgeable in physics, he also has this magic skill about conveying even complex matters in somewhat easy - or at least way easier compared to physicists on average - manner. Many many things still gives big headaches to me even after watching Don's videos, but I usually end up understanding the topic at least a bit better. Also, he is a very humble person, so he does not make the presentation about him (which some physicists in TH-cam unfortunately do), about how good he himself is when he understands difficult things. He tries his best to make less savvy people understand the complex matters and he puts a lot of effort in trying to achieve that, that's his only concern, nothing else. Keep up the good work and keep doing these insanely good videos.
He is really good, yes. It's a pity you all don't speak German. There is an astrophysics professor from the University of Munich who does this kind of videos since the mid 90's.he is even better (;
Hi Dr. Don! Thanks for your genuine and heartfelt explanation of Noether's theorem. As a physicist I've always thought of Noether's theorem as incredibly profound and fascinating. This video really helped me and my fiance (who is a math teacher) connect over the significance of Emmy Noether's contribution.
Just think how much more advanced human civilization would have been today if women's skills and talents have not been suppressed for centuries! Thank you, Don, for doing her justice.
Not likely any further. For one, women were not as oppressed as you claim, we have tons of examples of females contributing. Second women, if anything, have had special treatment for 50 years and yet still need discrimination against boys to get the statistics where they are.
I know, it's criminal - and then all the black and ethnic and native voices ignored and suppressed. Then the non Christian voices ignored. Then consider one of the most horrific crimes ever committed by man, the Holocaust, how many potential Einsteins were murdered?
I sometimes think about that. We would have definitely figured the mystries of dark energy and dark matter, had been to Mars and even early colonization of the moon. I am sure you know that Einstein couldn't understand what he was looking with relativity at until his first wife who was a great physicist realized and explained it to him. In fact that led to their divorce as he was too proud to face her knowing full well that she is the one who discovered it. I have even heard that newton's younger sister and wife did a significant part of the work that was credited to him. Newton was mostly a religious man.
Awesome! It's certainly time we gave women in science (and all women) their due. I'm compiling a list of women who have made significant contributions to math & science, & I can tell you, the list just keeps getting longer every time I blink. From biology & entomology to physics, math, cosmology, chemistry & more, women have made crucial discoveries at all level of human endeavor. Keep up the good work. Rikki Tikki.
When I was in grad school, literally not a day went by where Noether's Theorem wasn't invoked. Not one problem could be addressed, not one conversation had, not one idea bandied, nothing at all could take place without Noether's Theorem. And best of all, not only does her theorem equate symmetries with conserved quantities in an abstract sense, but she also provided a way to simply turn a mathematical crank and describe exactly what quantity is conserved. Her theorem isn't just an abstraction. It provides a way to generate the conserved quantity itself from a mathematical mechanism. Have you found a symmetry? Turn this crank she created, and the conserved quantity will fall out into your lap. She's the single most important figure in high energy and particle physics, bar none.
If you have an interest in seeing Noether’s theorem applied to several problems in different branches of physics, you might like the very interesting book “Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem” by Dwight Neuenschwander.
I would like to know if the theorem has been able to discover new conservation laws that wheren't previously known, or if it only gives derivations of already established conservation laws.
@@dekippiesip of course not, right, it only establishes an equivalent condition for the observation of a conserved quantity. In other words, it's sort of useless for that purpose, but still a beautiful insight.
Basically in physics noethers thoerm is used to derive the langragin now i said basically but deriving the langrgain is the most important thing because it describes the whole physical state of a system and applying noethers theorm is a big part deriving the langrgain also it could be used to solve complex problem for example central body potential problem specifically 1/r case in that symmetry is rotational symmetry on 4-d sphere and the problem becomes equivalent to free body on 4-d sphere using that you could solve for object trajectory in a simpler way than normally solving it
@@dekippiesip no noether theorm does just the opposite it looks the at the Conservation law derive the countnous symmetry exploit the symmetry and make the problem simpler symmetry is so important that it could make unsolvable equations solvable and that's noethers theorm is so important because noethers thoerm not only let us see that there is a symmetry but also derive the symmetry from conservative current (that's what you say the conservative thing is)
Thanks! There are so many women who have done amazing work in math and/or science! It's high time they were recognized. I began compiling a list, & I've found so many from all areas of the world, & throughout time. So many of them were discriminated against, shunned, ignored, or even worse. Let's give them their due - now and always. Thanks again. Rikki Tikki.
@Joe Duke - Einstein said it publicly you twit - and anyway I think Sir User was kind of joking!! Why are you so upset that she is described as a genius - what do YOU think a genius IS? How would YOU decide who is and isn't a genius? Love to know because there are many definitions of genius and she would qualify on at least one of them.
Dear Dr Don! I love you for creating this video. When hearing about her theorem in sophomore physics class in 1980, knowing the importance of conservation laws, and how easy they made kinematics computations, I could not understand why she wasn’t revered like Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, at the top echelon of the Physics community. Why she wasn’t given the Nobel prize during her lifetime. I later read about her life, that we shouldn’t call tragic, because she got her prize. Her meta-law. And you, Sir, with the platform you created, you honored her like she should be honored. You get it! Dead center! Thank you Dr. Don. You’re my hero!
PBS SpaceTime just did some episodes on her. They were the foundation of the current series they are doing on symmetry and the standard model. Great videos.
If it was man, the work would have not been important? Are we this f-ed up that the value of the knowledge generated depends on the content of what was between the legs?
Thanks for the awesome History lesson. I feel that many women have been overlooked for many things, maybe this will help people's awareness of just how important women's contributions are to society, science and the world. My hat off to you, sir...
Of course women are very important. This is why Islam has strict edicts to keep them subjugated....Think about it. Islam will fall when women tell Allah to go pound sand or fu#k a camel. And, that day is fast aproaching with the development in biotechnology and globalization of information via digital technology. Men (males) might wake up one day and discover they are but toys to play with. Some men are already there.
@Joe Duke "women are incapable of the high level of spatial reasoning required" what a load of shit. There are so many female mathematicians & physicists multitude superior than the average, but of course you choose to stay in your little echo chamber of anti-sjw bullshit which is exactly the same crap you whine about sjws in the first place. But whatever I guess, just scapegoat as many false claims and unproven conspiracy theories you can summon on one group, that's totally not what the sjws are doing, that's totally not what you're doing now, you are so different from the sjws, you're so woke mister anti-sjw.
@Joe Duke this is only true because they don't have the inclination to develop those abilities. Nobody will divorce them if they aren't successful enough. But the way you phrase it sounds genuinely sexist, so I suggest you evolve a little. You can be correct and not come across as an ass at the same time. It's possible.
Thank you for reminding 100k people and counting about Emmy Noether! We tend to focus on a small group of female science pioneers, so it is wonderful for you to expand that pantheon for us.
Thank you so much for this great video. I learned about Emmy Noether in our Linear Algebra class. Before that I had never heard of her. What a truly amazing mind she had, what a contribution she made!
Thank you so much for taking the time to make a video about her! Other physics/mathematics channels just gloss over her accomplishments if they mention her at all. It's so refreshing to see a channel that's willing to highlight the brilliant women in this field.
Thank you for this episode. I read popular science and have been trying to understand why symmetries are so important. They are said to be important but then the explanation is always on the level of rotating triangles and left there. Your explanation is the first I have heard that provides me with a much better understanding of the concept. Learning the history of Emmy Noether was also very informative.
You made this so much more understandable by linking her theorem to the ongoing developments in Physics. :) Another great video, Dr Lincoln. Totally worth the wait!
pronunciation guide: Noether would rhyme with 'hurter.' just the vowel sound, without the 'r', in fact the final 'r' would sound to us like it gets dropped too (it is actually quietly voiced way at the back of the throat). the 'th' pronounced like a very intentional 't'
David Maurand The oe in German is equivalent to ö and is pronounced almost like the English long a, except with the lips rounded. Nayter would not be far off for English speakers.
I am using some of your videos for learning more about Physics, and today this video help me with an important issue in my research. Thank you very much for your videos!
Exaggeration does her no service. She was likely a top 100 theoretical mind of the century, but she was very far from breaking the top ten, much less Einstein. Look up Landau's classification for an idea of how far things can be separated between geniuses. Having said that, I love her theorems.
It’s great that Noether is getting more recognized now. While we’re on the topic of the intersection of math and physics, another unsung hero so to speak is Hermann Weyl. Would you also kindly consider doing a similar segment on him? Cheers!
@@wizard7314 ??? plenty of male scientists get credit, wdym. plus if you're implying noether's only recognized because of her gender, you're wrong. her contributions are a literal cornerstone of physics and math. and her work is more well-known than her father.. who was also a famous mathematician.
when Hilbert couldnt solve equations much needed for Einstein's GTR, he asked for Noether's help, and she solved them when world's leading mathematician, Hilbert couldnt. Hilbert famously said " physics too difficult for physicists" meaning, one need deep knowledge in math to solve equations.
Many things bother me, but the fact that I, a physician, had not heard of Emmy Noether until I was in my 50’s ranks high. I was sitting in traffic the other day, barely moving, when I realized that my traffic jam was also explained by Noether’s theorem. Amazing.
I DEEPLY APRECIATE YOUR GIVING CREDIT TO THESE WOMEN, THIS SHOWS YOU ARE A TRUE PHYSISIST? NOT ONLY THIS WOMEN BUT THE CHINESE WOMAN WHO TAUGHT US THE TRUE MEANING OF THE PARTICLE SPIN!! JUST FASCINATING,I ENJOY YOUR EXPLAINATIONS
This was a groundbreaking theorem and still is. And a mathematical theorem having such a profound impact on the field of physics is remarkable. David Hilbert would be responsible for inviting Emmy Noether to the top university mathematics dept and have Noether take over teaching his courses so that she could be part of the faculty -- even though she was never able to be paid as a faculty professor.
We can thank a lot of people for our understanding of "life the Universe and everything" It's a BIG list of people that have contributed. But of course this lady is not to be overlooked.
Emmy Noether, against Nobel regulations, should be the first and final person to receive the Nobel Prize posthumously. Just because her contribution to physics can only be compared to Newton’s, Maxwell’s and Einstein’s.
Wow! From Wikipedia - She was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics. As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, *she developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras.* In physics, Noether's theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws. Looks like it is not enough to call her "most important woman" - she is one of the most important mathematicians! Thank you, Farmilab for bringing it to me.
yes!!! I hope the distinction between "most important women" in science is done away with soon. Not because I don't think celebrating women in science is important, but because I hope there'd be no need for it. Also because stereotype threat is nonnegligible.. Kind of like how Marie Curie is celebrated for being a great female scientist, but she's not only the first female Nobel Prize in Physics winner. She's THE only person, ever, to win the Nobel Prize twice. Not just the only woman. The only person.
+Fermilab Thank you for the video, I hoped that you might explain why the various symmetries imply the specific conservation laws that they do, for example why translation symmetry implies the conservation of momentum _in particular,_ and so on. Cheers.
When I took my theoretical computer science classes, her name also came up quite a bit. I don't remember much about it but I do remember that we made extensive use of Noetherian induction for proving theorems. If its prerequisites are met, it can be an extremely elegant technique.
The time symmetry is not about shifting when you choose zero time but about when you start your experiment (all other things being the same). The concept is about laws of nature not changing with time and this is what implies the conservation law (energy, in this case). In any case, great video and I'm glad someone is highlighting Emmy Noether's crucial contribution to math and science.
What I said is if we replace x(t) by x(t + offset) in the 'action' we get the same thing. What he said is if we replace x(t) by x(t'-offset) where t' = t + offset in the action then we get the same thing. One is a statement of invariance with time and the other is invariance with a labelling of time (there is a difference :)
Another brilliant and informative video from Dr. Lincoln of Fermilab. Standing on the shoulders of this giant woman, I see the symmetries in the many barred galaxies and I wonder about their conservations and rules. Thanks for a great lesson!
In mathematical parlance, regarding the symmetry you speak of, if for function f: f(-x) = f(x) f is called an "even function" ,conversely if f(-x) = -f(x) f is called an "odd function".
Thank you for this excellent presentation. Was reminded that we need to fight for fairness in this World and also learned something about symmetry I didn't understand before
I have had this opinion of Emmy Noether since I was in college decades ago, oerhaps if enough people learn about her, she'll finally be taught in physics course below the graduate level.
Are you implying that because she was a woman, her stuff is not being taught in undergrad level? If so thats the stupidest comment i have heard. Whats coming next transgender mathematicians being oppressed. This woke crap is infesting science.
Noether's theorem is one way in which Eugene Wigner's statement conjecture about the Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Physical Sciences is validated.
I would love a video where you go more indepth into how (why?) symmetries cause conservation laws. I know PBS spacetime did a video on it recently, but I'd love your take on it too. This is a fascinating topic!
at around 7:00: "conservation laws come from symmetries". so my question is about the causality of this. which comes first? can we say that symmetries cause the existence of conservation laws or the other way around? as I see it at the moment: we cannot say either. Noether's derivation was purely mathematical and the theorem is like an "if, and only if"-theorem. The existence of a continuous symmetry is the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a conservation law and of course it's also true the other way. I also think btw, that the theorem itself is brilliant and beautiful.
So true! Emmy Noether didn't get the merit she deserved. Nothing could compensate that, but at least we could now give her the credit what she deserves.
thanks for sharing, dr. don … well, almost one year later … your documentary was easy to follow. as for emmy's tumor … was of the ovarian sort … god bless her.
¿Could you do a video focused on the mathematics of symmetries and conservation laws, and how to derive one from the other? Thank you! You’re awesome professor! 👏🏻
Noether's Theorem is the very cornerstone of modern physics. Nothing less. I wonder if it would be much more known if a male physicist discovered it. Actually I could bet it would. For full disclosure: I am a male physicist.
@@arctic_haze Your politics is cancerous... elevating any single individual by canceling others is not science - solipsism is antithetical to every known and accepted standard of thought and practice, empirical evidence is not political, social or emotional. Leave school yard philosophies there...
@@shadowdawg04 What politics? What I said is a simple statement of fact. The Noether theorem is arguably the most important law of physics and almost no one outside professional physics knows about it. My guess is that is that is because of who discovered it A kind of much older cancel culture than the one you mention. It was really hard for women scientists to btrak through until recently. Noether could not even be paid for her lectures at the Gottingen University officially because she was a women. Yes, politics, but not mine.
@@arctic_haze LMAO! Yeah 'simple facts' some how I actually think you believe that! You want to be a social agenda person, help yourself... just don't bring your prejudices & nonsense where they don't belong. Next thing you'll spewing garbage about pineapple pizza, but at least there you'd have grounds for personal preferences. We're done here. Cheers.
A couple of quick comments: (1) Noether's theorem requires that the symmetry in question be _infinitesimal,_ meaning it can be considered arbitrarily small or "nearby". This is obviously true for things like translation invariance (which yields the conservation of momentum) but it doesn't apply to symmetries that cannot be made arbitrarily small, like the flipping of the x-axis. This is the wrong example for this theorem. Such symmetries can yield conserved quantities but that won't be from Noether's theorem but other (typically ad-hoc) considerations specific to the case at hand. (2) Not all conserved quantities necessarily arise from a symmetry, one example is Carter's constant in the Kerr geometry (i.e. the spacetime geometry surrounding a rotating star). AFAIK to this day it's not known whether such symmetry for Carter's constant exists. That constant is obtained from a very different consideration (separation of variables in the relevant Hamilton-Jacobi equation).
It's been remarked that a measure of her significance is that "Noether's Theorem" means something different depending on whether you are talking to a mathematician or a physicist. To the physicist, yes, it means that symmetries imply and are implied by conservation laws, as seen above. A mathematician is more likely to think of Emmy Noether in the context of ideals over rings, especially in the sense of Noetherian rings.
Una clase sensacional, como ninguna, sobre el tema, ya que expone muy didácticamente, los principios mas elementales, de forma clara y elemental, pues se trata de que estos eventos son para ignorantes y no para instruídos. No he visto otra charla tan comprensiva sobre el tema. Muchos me han dejado más perplejos que antes. Podemos afirmar sin lugar a equivocarnos, que no todo el mundo puede tener esa capacidad de hacerse entender y que hay que tener mucho cuidado en educar a los profesores, que no bayan sea a torturar jovenes, con sus imprecisiones e ínfulas de ifalibilidad.
Excellent talk. Another suppressed female genius, like Emilie du Chatelet and many more. Emmy Noether did all her work BC - before computers. Also before the internet, or should I say: because there was no internet, no smartphones ... and people had the time to really think. As feedback on the talk, pls permit me to say, that it has to be an isosceles or equilateral triangle (02:45). (This is of course sufficiently implied by the video). Thanks
Dr. DON, thank you for introducing us to this great lady who was EMMY. It reminds me of those wonderful ladies who contributed to NASA's feats: Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson .But let's not forget our moms which were, in another register, excellent.:D
Thank you very much for making this video about my great aunt. My dad's grandfather and Emmy's father were brothers. I don't fully comprehend these contributions since I spent most of my life studying history, politics and literature of China, but on behalf of my family I wish to thank you for your efforts to disseminate this knowledge.
get crackin roger!
wow 😮
Your family is awesome ☺️
This is the first time I've head the name Noether pronounce that way, I remember it being pronounced more like no-th-er by a person with the same last name didn't know he shared a last name with someone so important.
I've grown to love Dr. Lincoln's many podcasts on the subject of physics, related disciplines and the people and personalities who made it all happen. This one was no exception. When he mentioned Noether taught (even briefly) at Bryn Mawr College, I had a sudden jolt of pride and electricity run through me. I graduated Haverford College (Byrn Mawr's "brother" school and a mile away from each other on Philly's Main Line) in 1985. To famous alumni/college community members besides Katherine Hepburn, we add your illustrious great aunt. What a life. What a genius before her time. Blessings to your family.
I think Noether's theorem was worthy a Nobel Prize in Physics. From a pure mathematical standpoint maybe it isn't very impressive, but the implications to physics are deep and many. Consider the importance of the role symmetry has played in particle physics since her time.
Unfortunately, Nobel Prizes may not be awarded posthumously.
maybe the higher ups that control the peace prize knew that he just a babbling sleeping unconscious defunct Jesus n they dont wanna rise that up into attention. so they let people like that just go wherever however n deceive people. a demons n devils greatest gift. people like albert einstein. make iT all look natural. seamless.
@@carlosdaroza Yes and also unfortunately they can be given for doing nothing at all except looking good, speaking well and having the right politics.
Nobel hated Mathematician because one ran was k away with his wife.
Nobel prize committee doesn't like mathematicians
This only covers her contribution to mathematical physics. Her contributions to pure mathematics were also stupendous.
I bet
That's where I know her name from. She's such a hero
This is ridiculous: most significant, really? How come I have never heard of her? I doubt anybody know her at all until this video. Oh, because she is a woman. There is something wrong in your head.
@@seanleith5312 But no one in this comment has said that her work is 'the most' significant or anything about the gender of her? Did they delete their comment that youre replying to? Also, simply because she, or anyone, is a person that you have never heard of isnt a valid reason to believe that their work are insignificant. It is common that people are only famous in their own field but not the general public. It could also be your own lack of knowledge that makes you unaware of her.
@@papetoast The video thumbneil picture says "the most significant genius". Maybe I read it wrong.
With regards to Noether's theorem (1915), if we want to be more specific and inclusive, Emmy Noether was not the first person to discover the fundamental link between symmetries and conserved currents (energy, momentum, angular momentum, etc.). Many people in the physics community ignore this fact, but the intimate connection between symmetries and conservation laws was first noticed in classical mechanics by Jacobi in 1842. In his paper, Jacobi showed that for systems describable by a classical Lagrangian, invariance of the Lagrangian under translations implies that linear momentum is conserved, and invariance under rotations implies that angular momentum is conserved. Still later, Ignaz Robert Schütz (1897) derived the principle of conservation of energy from the invariance of the Lagrangian under time translations. Gustav Herglotz (1911) was the first to give a complete discussion of the constants of motion assiciated with the invariance of the Lagrangian under the group of inhomogeneous Lorentz transformations. Herglotz also showed that the Lorentz transformations correspond to hyperbolic motions in R3. What Noether did, was to put every case into the generalized and firm framework of a mathematical theorem.
My 6 year old daughter loved this video. She insisted I subscribe. Thank you for making physics so accessible and talking about the contributions of women scientists and mathematicians.
💕💕 raising her right 😁
She must be some child prodigy. You should get her interested in Blender, 3D modelling software which many NASA scientists use for their projects. Blender can be used not only for creating 3D models, also for writing maths for physics simulations.
Blender is an open-source software, which is free to download from its official website. Few 8 year olds can grasp Blender, despite its steep learning curve. Blender is highly addictive for learning, better than Candy Crush.
@@pinklady7184 All I can say is: wtf? Blender is creative art software, not science/technology software. Nobody makes maths or physics simulations in Blender.
Holy moly, a 6 year old watching videos on Physics wow Lol
I hope she has maintained her curiosity! It is such a wonderful trait.
If you didn't think Fermilab was gonna cover this fascinating backstory, you have a whole Noether thing coming.
Anything else would be hard to Händel :DDD
A touch too derivative is appreciated.
you have another 'think' coming is how the expression goes
Take my upvote!
I'm sorry to say that the professor's pronunciation of Noether is WAY off. Still funny though. 😄
Dr. Don Lincoln is absolutely my favorite physicist in TH-cam because not only is he highly knowledgeable in physics, he also has this magic skill about conveying even complex matters in somewhat easy - or at least way easier compared to physicists on average - manner. Many many things still gives big headaches to me even after watching Don's videos, but I usually end up understanding the topic at least a bit better.
Also, he is a very humble person, so he does not make the presentation about him (which some physicists in TH-cam unfortunately do), about how good he himself is when he understands difficult things. He tries his best to make less savvy people understand the complex matters and he puts a lot of effort in trying to achieve that, that's his only concern, nothing else. Keep up the good work and keep doing these insanely good videos.
😍
He is really good, yes. It's a pity you all don't speak German. There is an astrophysics professor from the University of Munich who does this kind of videos since the mid 90's.he is even better (;
Hi Dr. Don! Thanks for your genuine and heartfelt explanation of Noether's theorem. As a physicist I've always thought of Noether's theorem as incredibly profound and fascinating. This video really helped me and my fiance (who is a math teacher) connect over the significance of Emmy Noether's contribution.
Just think how much more advanced human civilization would have been today if women's skills and talents have not been suppressed for centuries! Thank you, Don, for doing her justice.
Not likely any further. For one, women were not as oppressed as you claim, we have tons of examples of females contributing.
Second women, if anything, have had special treatment for 50 years and yet still need discrimination against boys to get the statistics where they are.
I know, it's criminal - and then all the black and ethnic and native voices ignored and suppressed. Then the non Christian voices ignored. Then consider one of the most horrific crimes ever committed by man, the Holocaust, how many potential Einsteins were murdered?
@@SlyNine Hear, hear!!
I sometimes think about that. We would have definitely figured the mystries of dark energy and dark matter, had been to Mars and even early colonization of the moon. I am sure you know that Einstein couldn't understand what he was looking with relativity at until his first wife who was a great physicist realized and explained it to him. In fact that led to their divorce as he was too proud to face her knowing full well that she is the one who discovered it. I have even heard that newton's younger sister and wife did a significant part of the work that was credited to him. Newton was mostly a religious man.
Yes, as always, women take the blame and men take the credit!
Awesome! It's certainly time we gave women in science (and all women) their due. I'm compiling a list of women who have made significant contributions to math & science, & I can tell you, the list just keeps getting longer every time I blink. From biology & entomology to physics, math, cosmology, chemistry & more, women have made crucial discoveries at all level of human endeavor. Keep up the good work. Rikki Tikki.
When I was in grad school, literally not a day went by where Noether's Theorem wasn't invoked. Not one problem could be addressed, not one conversation had, not one idea bandied, nothing at all could take place without Noether's Theorem.
And best of all, not only does her theorem equate symmetries with conserved quantities in an abstract sense, but she also provided a way to simply turn a mathematical crank and describe exactly what quantity is conserved. Her theorem isn't just an abstraction. It provides a way to generate the conserved quantity itself from a mathematical mechanism. Have you found a symmetry? Turn this crank she created, and the conserved quantity will fall out into your lap. She's the single most important figure in high energy and particle physics, bar none.
If you have an interest in seeing Noether’s theorem applied to several problems in different branches of physics, you might like the very interesting book “Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem” by Dwight Neuenschwander.
I would like to know if the theorem has been able to discover new conservation laws that wheren't previously known, or if it only gives derivations of already established conservation laws.
@@dekippiesip of course not, right, it only establishes an equivalent condition for the observation of a conserved quantity. In other words, it's sort of useless for that purpose, but still a beautiful insight.
Basically in physics noethers thoerm is used to derive the langragin now i said basically but deriving the langrgain is the most important thing because it describes the whole physical state of a system and applying noethers theorm is a big part deriving the langrgain also it could be used to solve complex problem for example central body potential problem specifically 1/r case in that symmetry is rotational symmetry on 4-d sphere and the problem becomes equivalent to free body on 4-d sphere using that you could solve for object trajectory in a simpler way than normally solving it
@@dekippiesip no noether theorm does just the opposite it looks the at the Conservation law derive the countnous symmetry exploit the symmetry and make the problem simpler symmetry is so important that it could make unsolvable equations solvable and that's noethers theorm is so important because noethers thoerm not only let us see that there is a symmetry but also derive the symmetry from conservative current (that's what you say the conservative thing is)
Thanks! There are so many women who have done amazing work in math and/or science! It's high time they were recognized. I began compiling a list, & I've found so many from all areas of the world, & throughout time. So many of them were discriminated against, shunned, ignored, or even worse. Let's give them their due - now and always. Thanks again. Rikki Tikki.
henrietta leavitt comes to mind, genius knows no gender.
Things happened over 100 years ago in a different country. But you extrapolate that to every where.
Thank you Professor for informing us about great genius personalities..
@Joe Duke Einstein informed him
Joe Duke ah yeah seems like you really asked Einstein.
@Joe Duke - Einstein said it publicly you twit - and anyway I think Sir User was kind of joking!!
Why are you so upset that she is described as a genius - what do YOU think a genius IS?
How would YOU decide who is and isn't a genius?
Love to know because there are many definitions of genius and she would qualify on at least one of them.
you're welcome
Thanks for recognizing Dr. Noether. One of the best maths brains ever.
Dear Dr Don! I love you for creating this video. When hearing about her theorem in sophomore physics class in 1980, knowing the importance of conservation laws, and how easy they made kinematics computations, I could not understand why she wasn’t revered like Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, at the top echelon of the Physics community. Why she wasn’t given the Nobel prize during her lifetime. I later read about her life, that we shouldn’t call tragic, because she got her prize. Her meta-law. And you, Sir, with the platform you created, you honored her like she should be honored. You get it! Dead center!
Thank you Dr. Don. You’re my hero!
PBS SpaceTime just did some episodes on her. They were the foundation of the current series they are doing on symmetry and the standard model. Great videos.
The more videos about this topic, the better! It really is a fascinating theorem
Emmy Noether: a beautiful and deep mind!
One of a kind, one of the GREATEST!
Thank you for your beautiful theorems Emmy.
If it was man, the work would have not been important? Are we this f-ed up that the value of the knowledge generated depends on the content of what was between the legs?
Thanks for the awesome History lesson. I feel that many women have been overlooked for many things, maybe this will help people's awareness of just how important women's contributions are to society, science and the world. My hat off to you, sir...
@Ordinary Sessel i have been overlooked!
@@koysherchaudhury8010 - how morally superior to see yourself as a victim.
Of course women are very important. This is why Islam has strict edicts to keep them subjugated....Think about it. Islam will fall when women tell Allah to go pound sand or fu#k a camel. And, that day is fast aproaching with the development in biotechnology and globalization of information via digital technology.
Men (males) might wake up one day and discover they are but toys to play with. Some men are already there.
@Joe Duke "women are incapable of the high level of spatial reasoning required" what a load of shit. There are so many female mathematicians & physicists multitude superior than the average, but of course you choose to stay in your little echo chamber of anti-sjw bullshit which is exactly the same crap you whine about sjws in the first place. But whatever I guess, just scapegoat as many false claims and unproven conspiracy theories you can summon on one group, that's totally not what the sjws are doing, that's totally not what you're doing now, you are so different from the sjws, you're so woke mister anti-sjw.
@Joe Duke this is only true because they don't have the inclination to develop those abilities. Nobody will divorce them if they aren't successful enough. But the way you phrase it sounds genuinely sexist, so I suggest you evolve a little. You can be correct and not come across as an ass at the same time. It's possible.
Thank you for reminding 100k people and counting about Emmy Noether! We tend to focus on a small group of female science pioneers, so it is wonderful for you to expand that pantheon for us.
Thank you so much for this great video. I learned about Emmy Noether in our Linear Algebra class. Before that I had never heard of her. What a truly amazing mind she had, what a contribution she made!
I am hooked on Dr. Don! He brings complex matter in a way that we can understand. Highly appreciated!
Thank you so much for taking the time to make a video about her! Other physics/mathematics channels just gloss over her accomplishments if they mention her at all. It's so refreshing to see a channel that's willing to highlight the brilliant women in this field.
This is one of my favorite science youtube videos I've ever watched! Emmy Noether was a bad ass!
Thank you for this episode. I read popular science and have been trying to understand why symmetries are so important. They are said to be important but then the explanation is always on the level of rotating triangles and left there. Your explanation is the first I have heard that provides me with a much better understanding of the concept. Learning the history of Emmy Noether was also very informative.
Great story. Great person. Great people. Great stories. Thanks.
You made this so much more understandable by linking her theorem to the ongoing developments in Physics. :)
Another great video, Dr Lincoln. Totally worth the wait!
pronunciation guide: Noether would rhyme with 'hurter.' just the vowel sound, without the 'r', in fact the final 'r' would sound to us like it gets dropped too (it is actually quietly voiced way at the back of the throat). the 'th' pronounced like a very intentional 't'
David Maurand The oe in German is equivalent to ö and is pronounced almost like the English long a, except with the lips rounded. Nayter would not be far off for English speakers.
Retarded english language in greek u can tell the pronounciation
@@georgehaeh4856 Here is how it is pronounced translate.google.se/?hl=sv#view=home&op=translate&sl=de&tl=sv&text=noether
It´s easier to actually hear it. translate.google.se/?hl=sv#view=home&op=translate&sl=de&tl=sv&text=noether
In the Feynman lectures he touches on this, you go into some more detail! Thank you for the leads on this wonderful subject
I am using some of your videos for learning more about Physics, and today this video help me with an important issue in my research. Thank you very much for your videos!
One of those gorgeous areas in physics where group theory finds application.
Emmy, we love you!
What a wonderfully clear explanation of Noether's Theorem! And what an extraordinary woman to be celebrated!
Emmy Noether should be as famous as Einstein in my book. Good to see that she is getting more appreciation these days.
You are free to you own opinion. But I feel that Emmy Noether is really underappreciated.
Arthur.... please take your own advice.
Exaggeration does her no service. She was likely a top 100 theoretical mind of the century, but she was very far from breaking the top ten, much less Einstein. Look up Landau's classification for an idea of how far things can be separated between geniuses. Having said that, I love her theorems.
Einstein reinvented Physics.Emmy was a phenomenal Scientist and deserves more recognition and respect, but lets not be crazy.
Noether made significant contributions to physics AND mathematics. If you study physics and maths you will hear her name a lot more than Einstein’s.
It’s great that Noether is getting more recognized now. While we’re on the topic of the intersection of math and physics, another unsung hero so to speak is Hermann Weyl. Would you also kindly consider doing a similar segment on him?
Cheers!
Nah he's male, he's not worth the time :)
@@wizard7314 ??? plenty of male scientists get credit, wdym. plus if you're implying noether's only recognized because of her gender, you're wrong. her contributions are a literal cornerstone of physics and math. and her work is more well-known than her father.. who was also a famous mathematician.
@@awesomeblossom5214as a male Don is at risk of losing his job unless her shows deference to mighty queen Woke
when Hilbert couldnt solve equations much needed for Einstein's GTR, he asked for Noether's help, and she solved them when world's leading mathematician, Hilbert couldnt. Hilbert famously said " physics too difficult for physicists" meaning, one need deep knowledge in math to solve equations.
Many things bother me, but the fact that I, a physician, had not heard of Emmy Noether until I was in my 50’s ranks high. I was sitting in traffic the other day, barely moving, when I realized that my traffic jam was also explained by Noether’s theorem. Amazing.
I DEEPLY APRECIATE YOUR GIVING CREDIT TO THESE WOMEN, THIS SHOWS YOU ARE A TRUE PHYSISIST? NOT ONLY THIS WOMEN BUT THE CHINESE WOMAN WHO TAUGHT US THE TRUE MEANING OF THE PARTICLE SPIN!! JUST FASCINATING,I ENJOY YOUR EXPLAINATIONS
I think that was the best explanations of symmetry in a mathematical context I’ve ever heard. Thank you so much.
Excelent video. Thank you sir
Brilliant, conservation derives from symmetry...
I subscribed. This guy's talking is ... I don't know the right superlative. Thanks.
This was a groundbreaking theorem and still is. And a mathematical theorem having such a profound impact on the field of physics is remarkable. David Hilbert would be responsible for inviting Emmy Noether to the top university mathematics dept and have Noether take over teaching his courses so that she could be part of the faculty -- even though she was never able to be paid as a faculty professor.
We can thank a lot of people for our understanding of "life the Universe and everything"
It's a BIG list of people that have contributed.
But of course this lady is not to be overlooked.
That was a great and easy to understand. Thanks Fermilab
😊
Emmy Noether, against Nobel regulations, should be the first and final person to receive the Nobel Prize posthumously. Just because her contribution to physics can only be compared to Newton’s, Maxwell’s and Einstein’s.
Question Ben? Does being a simp gets you women? If so i want to try it.
Wow! From Wikipedia - She was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics. As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, *she developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras.* In physics, Noether's theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws.
Looks like it is not enough to call her "most important woman" - she is one of the most important mathematicians!
Thank you, Farmilab for bringing it to me.
Cute you share your joy of basic education. I used to bring home papers with an A at the top in 2cd grade.
@@johnsmith1474 What happened to you in 3rd grade?
yes!!! I hope the distinction between "most important women" in science is done away with soon. Not because I don't think celebrating women in science is important, but because I hope there'd be no need for it. Also because stereotype threat is nonnegligible..
Kind of like how Marie Curie is celebrated for being a great female scientist, but she's not only the first female Nobel Prize in Physics winner. She's THE only person, ever, to win the Nobel Prize twice. Not just the only woman. The only person.
One of the better videos on the subject
Much respect to Emmy Noether (RIP). 🙏🙏🙏
Dr Don I am amazed by your explanations so clear yet through
I taught science for more than thirty years. Today I learned!
+Fermilab
Thank you for the video,
I hoped that you might explain why the various symmetries imply the specific conservation laws that they do, for example why translation symmetry implies the conservation of momentum _in particular,_ and so on.
Cheers.
Great video. But what about the most stable genius?
lol. I see what you did there.
Gruber
@@derdagian1 Hans? =D
When I took my theoretical computer science classes, her name also came up quite a bit. I don't remember much about it but I do remember that we made extensive use of Noetherian induction for proving theorems. If its prerequisites are met, it can be an extremely elegant technique.
One of his better ones. Thanks Emmy Noether.
Eine grossartige Frau. Bescheiden, tiefsinnig und sehr humorvoll.
Thank you for the explanation of the symmetry and conservation laws.
Mr. Lincoln,
I only recently discovered your videos, and I love it!! Thanks!!🤓
carmen pares I gotta call Dr.Lincoln , Doc. I want to, just out of respect.
The time symmetry is not about shifting when you choose zero time but about when you start your experiment (all other things being the same). The concept is about laws of nature not changing with time and this is what implies the conservation law (energy, in this case). In any case, great video and I'm glad someone is highlighting Emmy Noether's crucial contribution to math and science.
What I said is if we replace x(t) by x(t + offset) in the 'action' we get the same thing. What he said is if we replace x(t) by x(t'-offset) where t' = t + offset in the action then we get the same thing. One is a statement of invariance with time and the other is invariance with a labelling of time (there is a difference :)
Great teaching style....this professor is brilliant and also a very nice approachable person. I can tell.
Another brilliant and informative video from Dr. Lincoln of Fermilab. Standing on the shoulders of this giant woman, I see the symmetries in the many barred galaxies and I wonder about their conservations and rules. Thanks for a great lesson!
In mathematical parlance, regarding the symmetry you speak of, if for function f: f(-x) = f(x) f is called an "even function" ,conversely if f(-x) = -f(x) f is called an "odd function".
Thank you for this excellent presentation. Was reminded that we need to fight for fairness in this
World and also learned something about symmetry I didn't understand before
I have had this opinion of Emmy Noether since I was in college decades ago, oerhaps if enough people learn about her, she'll finally be taught in physics course below the graduate level.
Are you implying that because she was a woman, her stuff is not being taught in undergrad level? If so thats the stupidest comment i have heard. Whats coming next transgender mathematicians being oppressed. This woke crap is infesting science.
Noether's theorem is one way in which Eugene Wigner's statement conjecture about the Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Physical Sciences is validated.
You did a perfect job on this. Thank you so much for you good work.
Describing Emmy Noether as "pretty awesome" is a gross understatement. She is in the running for greatest STEM intellect of all-time.
She is probably the most inspiring women.
Nope, my mom is
Grateful for filling this hole in my knowledge
I would love a video where you go more indepth into how (why?) symmetries cause conservation laws. I know PBS spacetime did a video on it recently, but I'd love your take on it too. This is a fascinating topic!
@Bertrand de Born another Tesla acolyte smh
at around 7:00: "conservation laws come from symmetries". so my question is about the causality of this. which comes first? can we say that symmetries cause the existence of conservation laws or the other way around? as I see it at the moment: we cannot say either. Noether's derivation was purely mathematical and the theorem is like an "if, and only if"-theorem. The existence of a continuous symmetry is the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a conservation law and of course it's also true the other way.
I also think btw, that the theorem itself is brilliant and beautiful.
Your BEST video ever!
So true! Emmy Noether didn't get the merit she deserved. Nothing could compensate that, but at least we could now give her the credit what she deserves.
We should name the next space telescope, or a mountain or a lake after her
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
thanks for sharing, dr. don … well, almost one year later … your documentary was easy to follow. as for emmy's tumor … was of the ovarian sort … god bless her.
Finally new video by dr.don
She deserves to be a star of Physics ❤️
¿Could you do a video focused on the mathematics of symmetries and conservation laws, and how to derive one from the other? Thank you! You’re awesome professor! 👏🏻
Noether's Theorem is the very cornerstone of modern physics. Nothing less. I wonder if it would be much more known if a male physicist discovered it. Actually I could bet it would.
For full disclosure: I am a male physicist.
James Clerk Maxwell
@@shadowdawg04 ?
@@arctic_haze Your politics is cancerous... elevating any single individual by canceling others is not science - solipsism is antithetical to every known and accepted standard of thought and practice, empirical evidence is not political, social or emotional. Leave school yard philosophies there...
@@shadowdawg04 What politics? What I said is a simple statement of fact. The Noether theorem is arguably the most important law of physics and almost no one outside professional physics knows about it. My guess is that is that is because of who discovered it A kind of much older cancel culture than the one you mention. It was really hard for women scientists to btrak through until recently. Noether could not even be paid for her lectures at the Gottingen University officially because she was a women. Yes, politics, but not mine.
@@arctic_haze LMAO! Yeah 'simple facts' some how I actually think you believe that! You want to be a social agenda person, help yourself... just don't bring your prejudices & nonsense where they don't belong. Next thing you'll spewing garbage about pineapple pizza, but at least there you'd have grounds for personal preferences. We're done here. Cheers.
A couple of quick comments: (1) Noether's theorem requires that the symmetry in question be _infinitesimal,_ meaning it can be considered arbitrarily small or "nearby". This is obviously true for things like translation invariance (which yields the conservation of momentum) but it doesn't apply to symmetries that cannot be made arbitrarily small, like the flipping of the x-axis. This is the wrong example for this theorem. Such symmetries can yield conserved quantities but that won't be from Noether's theorem but other (typically ad-hoc) considerations specific to the case at hand. (2) Not all conserved quantities necessarily arise from a symmetry, one example is Carter's constant in the Kerr geometry (i.e. the spacetime geometry surrounding a rotating star). AFAIK to this day it's not known whether such symmetry for Carter's constant exists. That constant is obtained from a very different consideration (separation of variables in the relevant Hamilton-Jacobi equation).
It's been remarked that a measure of her significance is that "Noether's Theorem" means something different depending on whether you are talking to a mathematician or a physicist. To the physicist, yes, it means that symmetries imply and are implied by conservation laws, as seen above. A mathematician is more likely to think of Emmy Noether in the context of ideals over rings, especially in the sense of Noetherian rings.
i want to learn all about Emmy Noether now. interesting and real stuff. thanks
Thank you very much for this episode. I'd never heard of her before.
Una clase sensacional, como ninguna, sobre el tema, ya que expone muy didácticamente, los principios mas elementales, de forma clara y elemental, pues se trata de que estos eventos son para ignorantes y no para instruídos. No he visto otra charla tan comprensiva sobre el tema. Muchos me han dejado más perplejos que antes. Podemos afirmar sin lugar a equivocarnos, que no todo el mundo puede tener esa capacidad de hacerse entender y que hay que tener mucho cuidado en educar a los profesores, que no bayan sea a torturar jovenes, con sus imprecisiones e ínfulas de ifalibilidad.
I'm blown away, what an amazing insight.
Just remember to thank the people that built the foundation of what you are standing on
Like spanish inquisition, I didn’t expect this at all.
Your videos come in discrete anecdotes.. Very interesting!
Never taught us this in school. Yours is a great explanation
The most beautiful theorem Noethers theorem
Thank you Emmy.
Excellent talk. Another suppressed female genius, like Emilie du Chatelet and many more. Emmy Noether did all her work BC - before computers. Also before the internet, or should I say: because there was no internet, no smartphones ... and people had the time to really think. As feedback on the talk, pls permit me to say, that it has to be an isosceles or equilateral triangle (02:45). (This is of course sufficiently implied by the video). Thanks
Thank you for making this video!
Sir, what does symmetry breaking means ?
another great video, don and friends
Dr. DON, thank you for introducing us to this great lady who was EMMY. It reminds me of those wonderful ladies who contributed to NASA's feats: Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson .But let's not forget our moms which were, in another register, excellent.:D
Mathematical Symmetry and conservation laws unified under complex conjugate veiled numbers. Thanks.
Manjit Singh Actually Lie algebra generators
A great woman. Great insight.
A highly useful piece of physical insight.
Best simple explanation of noethers theorem
Great video sir. Keep them coming.