Which DX Commander to Choose in 2022?

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 133

  • @brianfields4479
    @brianfields4479 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Hi matey, hope your well. Winter here in zl, but the classic pole is still out there giving me heaps of dx on 80,40 and 20m.
    My expedition is set up on 20m when I go bicycle mobile to the beach, works a dream, zl to eu and the states easy-as.
    Great poles , quick and easy to set up, cheers and best wishes from down under. Zl3xdj

  • @JasonPullara
    @JasonPullara 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    answer: all of them. Choose all of them and buy 5 of each.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I would do a discount :)

    • @chublez
      @chublez 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ What's a collect em all pack cost? Should list this on the site for those that can't decide with more money than they need. No need choosing get Callum's collet em all pack and get a special 5 pound savings. Ha.

  • @W9HJBill
    @W9HJBill 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Trick question ... ALL of them. 😁
    I have the 12.4 Signature at my home and debating between the Rapide and Expedition for bug out/field day.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Expedition.. So easy - and works.

  • @markramsay6399
    @markramsay6399 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Great video Cal - really useful! Still loving my classic , will still get your latest and greatest soon, just no time to build right now. I love the simple presentation approach no flipping powerpoint, just pen and paper! Mark, 2E0MSR

  • @Joe-KN4IFI
    @Joe-KN4IFI 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great work Callum. You have a great line of antennas. Looking forward to seeing the 9.5m no guy antenna and to hear more about project X . 73 Joe

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Project X.. There will be no "sniffs" until a launch... Some day. Maybe!

    • @gm1sxwraymond882
      @gm1sxwraymond882 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DXCommanderHQ You're such a tease 😜
      Galaxy?

  • @williambarrett70
    @williambarrett70 ปีที่แล้ว

    Never learned how to get ANY of the DX Commander antennas. So, settled for a 43-foot vertical. I like it! 73.WW5MB

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Any antenna is better than none! (Seriously, we ship to USA daily via dxcommander.com ).

  • @michaelmohr9700
    @michaelmohr9700 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good morning Callum, thank you for this Video & and very nice over view about you vertical !!! Thank you ....have nice day !
    Best regards
    Michael

  • @TRIPPLEJAY00
    @TRIPPLEJAY00 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love a bit of useful free education. Thank you Callum 😊

  • @decibelgeorge
    @decibelgeorge 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Morning Cal. Hope you are well. Thanks for pointing out the various differences of your suite of antennas. Very interesting what you did with verticals. I am eyeing the model for HOA environment but with our exchange rate of over 20 to the pound 🙈 makes it impossible. I will keep eyeing!!

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh goodness.. Look, I have a plan! Drop me an email :)

  • @mwalker1975
    @mwalker1975 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I chose the classic for home and am now considering the expedition for...you know, expeditions.

  • @andrewmagnet-k4qy35
    @andrewmagnet-k4qy35 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video. I’m glad you got to use the pictures. I hope to get those SWR’s to you soon.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, top man. Thanks Andrew!

  • @timsvids5983
    @timsvids5983 ปีที่แล้ว

    I ordered one for the New Mexico house today. Sue, WA6IFV, loves hers. Under 1.6/1 SWR on all the advertised bands. 1.0/1 on 10 meter. Great antenna, I've been recommending it.

  • @chublez
    @chublez 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Real interested in that would be "signature 10". Currently mowing around lines for my setup is an issue. One of yours that could survive free standing would have me on the list in short order. Be interested in a video update of the progress even if it's not market ready. We all like knowing what yer tinkering with.

  • @nuclearradioK5AMJ
    @nuclearradioK5AMJ 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Once your DX10 wire is back in stock I'll be ordering a Rapide for permenant install and an Expedition for POTA. Nice job mate!

  • @stevenyemc
    @stevenyemc 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Love to see a scale model version for the desk. Could tune to UHF/VHF 1090Mhz for fun.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      How cool would that be!

    • @stevenyemc
      @stevenyemc 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@DXCommanderHQ Update. I have a black chopstick. Some fine enabled wire and some fishing braid for guyropes. Just need to work on the plates and a bit of field with a Callum in it ha ha.

    • @stevenyemc
      @stevenyemc 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Since playing with this for the first time with my hands and brian. I am thinking (its ok, being carefuling. Got safety squints on and my Mum on speed dial) Would the ground plate and driven plate be capacitive / Inductive altered if 90 dungarees opposed? I'm thinking two PacMan-shaped plates for a test. My Hippy mate has visited. so the experiment so far has gone up in smoke.

  • @Natei
    @Natei 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    If I had a way to properly ground this I'd buy one in a heartbeat. Living in a block makes radio an interesting endeavour

  • @g0fvt
    @g0fvt 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The "10m" Classic was easy and quick to assemble indoors, I will need a bigger house to do the same with the Nebula...

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh yes, that's a different story isn't it!

  • @mikestickersm3mxb279
    @mikestickersm3mxb279 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Think you need all of them, got to have the full collection

  • @wassman27
    @wassman27 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My "Classic" is a great performer zero compliants!!!! Trying to decide between the "Rapide" or "Expedition" for portable ops.

  • @Mottersmotters
    @Mottersmotters ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video Callum and great work you are doing.
    The expedition is my favourite. I have the classic pole I think, it's currently tired to my washing line pole with a efhw as a inverted V'ish.
    I bought off a guy who used with a hawkins viper. I just wanted the mast but that came with it.
    Hope to catch you on the air
    Motters M7TRS 73 👍🏻

  • @woutb.5210
    @woutb.5210 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice video, very informative. However you have to add 50% or more when you ship an antenna to “ Europe “ and thats crazy. All the best Callum

  • @genoa1979
    @genoa1979 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice video 100 i buy 12.4 have all band fanstic :)

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Nice! My favorite antenna! I use it all the time.

  • @johnratcliffe6438
    @johnratcliffe6438 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would like to see the new 9.5 Signature use a coil for 40, rather than the fold over. Personal preference, but I've never liked the look.
    My classic is being borrowed by a BBRC club mate, and I'm considering the 12.4 Signature for field days.
    I appreciate you Callum.
    John 2E0SVB.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes, there are more than 2 ways of skinning a cat :)

  • @mikeramsey9747
    @mikeramsey9747 ปีที่แล้ว

    I can't wait to have enough saved to purchase your 12.4 meter 80m-10 meter antenna, or just go with the classic. My EFHW works good but a true vertical just might pull the rabbit out of the hat for me.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      That 12.4 is incredible - but hey, so is the Classic!

  • @jameski5oeb668
    @jameski5oeb668 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    loved this!!

  • @stevegriffin9552
    @stevegriffin9552 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hi Calum, great video those are excellent antennas and for me you're getting a lot of antenna for the pricing. As seeing the picture of one of your antennas at a HOA it virtually disappears that's awesome. Hopefully one day I can have one here at my house. Have a fantastic week. Thank you for sharing your video.
    WD5ENH
    Steve

  • @Trent28888
    @Trent28888 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Multiply the price by 10 to get the price in aud and wait 4 years and aussie post might deleiver it😉

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      HAHA! In our case, we're about 5-days via Fedex :)

    • @Trent28888
      @Trent28888 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ thats actually good,im goin to buy soon then😉

  • @dannyhebenton9326
    @dannyhebenton9326 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    all of them 😄

  • @1shARyn3
    @1shARyn3 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    9.6m

  • @kc9cuk
    @kc9cuk 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am getting ready to put together a nebula and the manual refers to a playlist on youtube and it is not working. I also searched for the nebula videos and I can't find them what's up?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      OK, those videos are now elsewhere. Drop me an email and I'll fish them out for you and give you links.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      OK, in reality, there is only one video worth watching and it's this one: odysee.com/@dxcommander:0/18m-multi-band-nebula-vertical-build:5

  • @MartinSellschopp
    @MartinSellschopp ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Cal, we have an 18 m Spiderpole in the club for FD. Would your parts fit and would you sell them without the pole ?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Martin, we do the parts. .. couple things to be aware of. a) feedback from other 18m Spiderbeam users was that the SB pole is (apparently) more twangy than DXC (in other words it probably looks more wobbly - I honestly can't compare, I don't have one) and also the ground plate that slips over our threaded base will be weird on yours.. You CAN leave yours just hanging around and lay it on round I suppose. HOWEVER although most of the bits fit, I didn't deign it with Spiderbeam in mind.. If you like, it's just lucky - so I can't guarantee anything.. Anyway, you can email Loki for a shipping quote. The plate set with SO239 is £125. Feel free to copy / paste this comment when you email Loki in dispatch: loki at dxcommander dot com.

  • @adriancressy8363
    @adriancressy8363 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm looking for a vertical 20 M - 10M (6M??) 600w PEP??? (I'm not interested in 12M)
    I have a VEE wire antenna for 160-40 Meters.....this is the 2nd time that a Piece of S*** Hexbeam broke apart from a wind storm. $650USD all burned up.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Adrian.. Look at the Rapide. Ignore 30m if you don't need it and remove the last 2 sections of the telescopic pole (actually, invert the 2nd to last section and shove it back into the top of the pole to keep the upper spreader solid to connect the elements to. Shout if you need instrcutions on that... Use 4 elements and go 20, 17, 15 and 10. Or use up 6 elements and do 12, 11 and 10 as well.. ALternatively, leave it "as is" and get everything from 30m through 10. Best I can do. And may I say that I am sorry for your hardware losses..

    • @adriancressy8363
      @adriancressy8363 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ I sent an email. You're tallking like I already own one of your antennas. Looks like I buy a Rapide. The rest of your statement above is like a puzzle. I have no idea what you're talking about.

  • @GreyGhost-r4z
    @GreyGhost-r4z 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    at the 2 minute mark.... the Radial Base Plate is on the Ground... Is there any way to elevate the radial plate up so that in the winter I can keep the base plate out of the crud ? This is the only reason I haven't purchased your verticals. I live in Wisconsin. We have like .50 meters of snow on the ground for 6 months. I don't want the radial plate RIGHT ON the ground, getting all cruddy with muck. Thanks for your time and great video :)

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes of course! I do this on the 12.4m Signature.. Anything will raise it up. Ideally, a small tube of around inch and half (maybe 1 and 3/4) ssunk into the ground say 1 foot and include a simple hose clamp to stop the DX Commander from coming back to the ground. Perfect solution.

    • @GreyGhost-r4z
      @GreyGhost-r4z 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ Thank you for the the information. I am running 2 verticals. The HF9V and a ZeroFive Vertical that is like 60 feet tall. The HF9V is great because it's low swr, but it's a nightmare to tune. The Zerofive does everything moderately well, but I waste a LOT of power in the UNUN and the efficiency is a joke. I am running 60 radials. I love yours because it's no tune and I can operate on any part of the band. I have NEVER used the microphone on my Icom 7300. LOL. I can only get good efficiency on CW and digital. Maybe I can use the microphone with your antenna... ;) Greg

    • @g0fvt
      @g0fvt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@GreyGhost-r4z FWIW the ground plate of my Classic is elevated slightly using an inverted frying pan, sounds worse than it is. but keeps the grass back a few inches...

    • @GreyGhost-r4z
      @GreyGhost-r4z 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@g0fvt Great Idea !

  • @williambarrett70
    @williambarrett70 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I look at these antennas and practically drool; we can't get one in the US!

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You can.. Just place the order :)

  • @the_mad_swimbaiter455
    @the_mad_swimbaiter455 ปีที่แล้ว

    Question @DX Commander, I just got a rapide with the cheaper wire. Does that change in velocity factor effect cut point recommendations that are based on the dx 10??

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Nope. Nothing in it.

    • @the_mad_swimbaiter455
      @the_mad_swimbaiter455 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ sweet. Thanks. Ordered a roll of dx 10 extra because you can never have enough 😆

  • @shanevk6eir309
    @shanevk6eir309 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Calum. I am a huge fan and very close to placing an order however, can you give me anything to keep me holding off buying the awesome classic or do I hold out for the 9.5 signature. Any release date or further info???????
    Love what you do and love the channel. Big fan.
    Kindest regards
    Shane
    VK6EIR

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      SHane, we're at least 4-weeks away and about another £100.. That should help you!

    • @shanevk6eir309
      @shanevk6eir309 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ I can’t wait to see what’s coming. Look forward to it.
      Thanks for the quick reply.
      Shane VK6EIR

  • @poly_hexamethyl
    @poly_hexamethyl ปีที่แล้ว

    12:57 Is the aluminum one with no guy lines available yet?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      About 2-weeks away... It will have a fiberglass ground post (we already have them in stock) - I just need to build one now, write the guide and make the video..

    • @poly_hexamethyl
      @poly_hexamethyl ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ yay! can't wait to see it :-)

  • @berndwoloszczak2623
    @berndwoloszczak2623 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Dear Mr Wizzard of amateur radio. Is there anything that I can do with a 10ft. "C-KU Band" antenna repurposed for amateur radio? Bernie KD2WBK (technician)

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Unlikely! :) But, you might be able to use the hardware and make a vertical for 6m or something..

  • @Bro-f3h
    @Bro-f3h 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How much is just the mast?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Which one! So from about $50 for the small one up to around $250 for the 18m.. Just drop us an email and we'll give you a price. New website coming soon but the m0mcx website is still open for purchases.

  • @andy2E0JIU
    @andy2E0JIU 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi cal,could I use thin sotabeams extremely thin wire (max150w) just for the 80m wire as its very light n thin so ideal for the L on 80m ?? But use the dx10 for the other elements?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes.. I only burned through ONE wire in my life and that's because the RF jumped to a guy point.

    • @andy2E0JIU
      @andy2E0JIU 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ nice one thankyou 👍

  • @richarde735
    @richarde735 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you should get the Entire Collection, duh

  • @rickeaston3228
    @rickeaston3228 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where did you get those slip on cable markers???

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      They are "kids bracelet alphabetic cubes" (or similar search on eBay)

    • @rickeaston3228
      @rickeaston3228 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ Thanks, they seem to work well as markers. I am always using something to mark wire that was made to do something else.

  • @DominicMazoch
    @DominicMazoch 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok, I do not want a very tall antenna. Do not want to advertise from the street, and too close to power lines. How about an antenna system which is fed at the base, go up through the top, and are 1/2 to 1/4 wavelengths. Then each wire is terminated at the correct length with an insulator, and non metallic rope is used as supporting the central pole.
    Am I crazy? Have I been on Ham Radio 2.0 too long.

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes. Just like a DX Commander but say connected to a tree? Perfect!

  • @davidhtims
    @davidhtims 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have you received the wire shipment yet?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nope.. And there's a bloomin delay!

    • @davidhtims
      @davidhtims 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks

  • @jeffreyreid1729
    @jeffreyreid1729 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Currently have a 160 inverted L on my Nebula and will use my Rapide for Field day for our club. Also have the DXC and an extra DXC pole. Do you sell the plates, bits and wire for making another DXC?

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes we do.. It's called a "Conversion Kit" and an "Accessories Box"

    • @jeffreyreid1729
      @jeffreyreid1729 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ Thank you very much! Will order promptly!

  • @Ray-VK3CEO
    @Ray-VK3CEO 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm still enjoying my 'Classic'. I wish I had a 20 metre high tree in my back yard so I could hide a Nebula antenna, but I'm sure that my sharp eyed neighbours will still see it. I'm looking forward to the 9.5 Signature antenna.

  • @CC-hk6vy
    @CC-hk6vy 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do you know if I can put a Commander very near a large tree to hide it, as long as its straight up? Beautiful antenna but neighbors not appreciative....you said it could, just wondered if you'd ever put it near that big shade tree and texted SWR? de WO8USA

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Honestly, it's never made a difference to me.

  • @Philip-KA4KOE
    @Philip-KA4KOE ปีที่แล้ว

    I just may have to give you some money sir, for one of these antennas. Cheers! Do you know Dave, G0EVY?? Philip KA4KOE

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes I know Dave.. chat to him on VHF sometimes.. He likes his 80m.

  • @georgeandrews5164
    @georgeandrews5164 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good evening Cal, VO2AA here from Zone 2. Have been watching your channel for the past could of days. I am in Labrador, Northern Canada. We have winter here for many months and for example, temp this evening is -30C without wind! Looking towards the Classic. Thoughts? Do you ship to Canada?
    73s keep up great work!!

  • @nt4g1
    @nt4g1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Too bad you can’t embed the elements in the fiberglass and no wires

  • @richardwhitcroftkc3rrw63
    @richardwhitcroftkc3rrw63 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    With the help of the DX Commander I built a home-brewed dxc classic using a mast I already owned …. 6m-40m without a tuner. It is an amazing antenna. Thanks Cal for all you have given to the hobby. 73.

  • @mprivitt1
    @mprivitt1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Luv my Classic, but do plan to replace my 30m wire with 80m and get both!

  • @SynSauce
    @SynSauce ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the video I need! Ty!

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Ah fine.. Also Signature 9.. That's not in this mix (yet). Will be making a new video this week..

  • @martinsmith2984
    @martinsmith2984 ปีที่แล้ว

    Would not choose any of them there rubbish and to much money..

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      So you don't have one, you don't have any money but you have an opinion that they are rubbish. Yeah OK.. You're watching the wrong channel old bean!

    • @martinsmith2984
      @martinsmith2984 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@DXCommanderHQ No I dont have money to spend on crap. A friend had one off you it lasted 2 weeks before it fell to bits..

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  ปีที่แล้ว

      Martin, fuck off. If it had falled to bits, I would have dealt with it. Go away and stop trolling. Clown.

  • @walterkeen5913
    @walterkeen5913 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Everyone, curious about the field portability of something like the Classic, which is attractive because of the number of bands at once, vs the expedition, which only gives 4? At one time. Signature 12.5 is a bit more than I was hoping to spend as I don't spend much time on 80m
    Location is the Pacific Northwest US, most of our seasons are rain. Typical deployment is a weekend of camping with the scouts, like the upcoming Jamboree on the Air, rain or rain or rain or shine. It'd be nice to not adjust the antenna (already have a wolf river coil, looking for a set it and forget it kind of any HF band antenna for a entire weekend of fun)
    Should I just get the expedition or is the classic (or something else) fairly well suited to POTA like temporary work

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Honestly, either will work. Classic slightly more robust in terms of "accidents" however on the Expedition you get 4-elements and that will perfectly cover 40m, 20m, 17m, 15m and 10m. So you are not THAT restricted. Classic slightly more substantial and possibly easier to put up inverted L in favor of the 30m band. As we say in UK, it's horse-for-courses..! If you want to chat to others, ask around on the Discord server where many folks will have an opinion discord.io/dxcommander - good luck!

  • @edcozart9916
    @edcozart9916 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ahhhh project X how in the bloody heck can we wait 2 years for that Callum 😂😂😂 cheers W9US

    • @DXCommanderHQ
      @DXCommanderHQ  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It won't be a competitor do the current range. Don't worry!

  • @chrisgaeth
    @chrisgaeth 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have not watched the video yet but I have the correct answer to the question....all of them!😁

  • @frankmooney7282
    @frankmooney7282 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    12m pole to the top is approx 3/4wave on 20m

  • @bobbowes8953
    @bobbowes8953 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice run through... interesting to see your thought process for each.