Hey Fraser! I got a question that popped into my brain after whatching your latest Q&A video. After the big bang the universe was extremely hot and as it was expanding it started to slowly cool down. So , at one point the universe must had a temperature , in which water on planets that wouldn't even need to have a star , would be in a liquid form , cause the habitable zone would basically be anywhere in the universe, as you said. Could theoretically , have such planets ever existed back then and even with life thriving on them? If so , how much time would life have to evolve on such a planet , before the temperature of the universe got too cold?
Great show. First time seeing it today. I especially enjoyed your thoughtful answers to questions. One question rattling around in my head since high school is whether there might be a pattern or force which determines the direction spiral galaxies spin, similar to how the Coriolis Effect affects air and ocean movement patterns on earth.
Hi Fraser. Quick thought.. you mentioned recently that the CBR is essentially opaque because it represents the period of the universe where it was essentially a ‘solid’ mass of exotic plasma like the surface of a star (forgive me if I’m misremembering..) before the universe expanded out into more understandable matter. Is there a calculation of how big the universe was at this stage? ...The simplistic part of my brain imagines this version of the universe as a monster ‘star’ billions of lightyears across, so do feel free to correct me if that’s way off the Mark! 😉
Oo! Oo! I’ve another question.. How could the universe ever be considered infinite if we are pretty certain that the universe had a particular size at different stages of its life? Ie. Inflation period = grapefruit, CMB at 380000yrs = 1.4m lightyears. I appreciate it’s hard to be sure what lies beyond the visible universe now and that there is much more out there than we can see or detect, but how can we ever think of the universe as infinite when at some point we’d have to transition from finite to infinite? Especially if the lifespan of the universe is fairly certainly a finite age?....
Hello great show as always! So I got a question all the way from Nordics, I have heard alot about how to slow down time by gravition and traveling really fast but not the other side of that spectrum. Beeing way out of any gravitation wells and *standing still (not accelerating?, don't really know what reference point to use here). Question is how much faster in time could I go if I minimize those two factors? (Sorry messy spelling, auto-correct is set for swedish)
For something that starts and never ends, any time is 'close to the beginning'. What you said around 17:20 could be said even if it was trillions of years from now
Great video, as always! Question: why does it take a few weeks to upload the Q&A videos? I always get confused on whether I've seen the show live or not haha
Western media is at the mercy of China’s release of information. China prefers to only acknowledge successes unlike the US broadcasts everything live at the risk of broadcasting failures. China is under no obligation to cater to Western tastes given that China was deliberately excluded from any space technology development for decades.
It is my understanding that astronomers most recently determined the age of the universe from data acquired by the WMAP satellite measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB is what we could see at the time the satellite made the measurements, so the 13.7 billion years is based on what we could see then. Isn't it possible that other remnants of the big bang lie beyond what we could see at the time, or what we may never see due to the acceleration of the expanding universe. These invisible remnants that lie beyond this horizon could have created other galaxies and stars whose mass could be drawing the mass we see within the horizon, outward, giving the appearance of a dark energy inside the horizon. Would someone comment on why this can or can't be an explanation of dark energy.
“Stars are opaque like walls are opaque” but we have sensors that can see through walls, and light (like radio waves) go through walls easily. I don’t think that was the best example. Though I guess we can equate gravitational waves and neutrinos to different wavelengths of light I suppose
Agreed! I just googled it and apparently you could get a radio signal through the sun if its wavelength is longer than the suns diameter. Though you'd need one heck of an antenna to detect that signal.
Not now but if the starship does get up before decommissioning then a “starship” tanker booster theoretically could start the process. More shielding would be required though. Good question.
Two questions for the price of one :) In there any correlation between light intensity and number of photons within a specific volume? (More photons = more intense light) As photons and other particles (or electromagnetic waves) travel in all directions, could they interfere if they collide? Or collision are so rare that these effects are insignificant?
Couple of days ago I was watching a lunar eclipse two hours before sunrise. That got me wondering, can you see a lunar eclipse and the sun at the same time?
@@MrT------5743 that is true, But depending where the person is on the earth, the lunar eclipse happens at different time zones. For me it happened two hours before sunrise(California). people in the UK happened around midnight, and people in India it happened just as the sun went down.
@@duckgoesquack4514 a few days ago, that was a solar eclipse, not a lunar one. In that case the moon and sun appeared to overlap each other. So you definitely would see the sun and a solar eclipse at the same time.
@@duckgoesquack4514 a few days ago, that was a solar eclipse, not a lunar one. In that case the moon and sun appeared to overlap each other. So you definitely would see the sun and a solar eclipse at the same time.
hey Frasier , are we able to watch the cmb cool down over a few years or even in real time ? i know it must be a epicly slow cooldown at 3kelvin , but those cmb maps was crazy precise and the cmb is the most perfect black body radiator.
I'm having trouble wrapping my brain around gravitational wave observatories that can't actually "see" anything. Can LIGO and VIRGO figure out what part of space the waves they detect came from (and thus how long ago they occurred) or only that gravitational events occur?
If the universe is expanding away from us in every direction we look, how is light from the cosmic microwave background coming back toward us? Shouldn't it also be radiating away from us?
We saw OSIRIS REX collect a bunch of rubble from Bennu. But what if the rubble includes chunks of ice or frozen methane or other volatiles frozen in space but liquid or gas on Earth? After the capsule is recovered in Utah and taken to a lab, is there any attempt to maintain the extremely cold climate or, when they open it up, will fluids pool and gas liberate?
Ok, so how old was the universe when the first emitted ligh after the Big Bang was in the visible spectrum? Also, how intense or bright would this light have been? If both the Earth and ourselves were around at that time and we looked up in the night sky, would we see the space between the stars as coloured, instead of pure black? How cool would this have been? Green, yellow... Space!
Hi Fraser. I'm going back through the Astronomy Cast archive and re-listening to them all--but when I was sick with the vaccine reaction I fell asleep during one! It was based on the velocity/vectors of all stars and how there are 4 measurements we can use to determine the distance to them. (The star position when the light was emitted, the star position currently, our current position, etc) I can't find the episode again, can you please help me?!?!
In your greedy haste to insult me, it did not occur to you that I did not watch it on TH-cam, and I don't have access to it in my browser history. Clearly those are the two most obvious paths to hear something again, and those paths are unavailable to me. I wouldn't be wasting anybody effort if it were that simple. But thanks for trolling somebody who enjoys astronomy information for no other reason than to show everybody how much of a jerk you are.
@Fraser Cain. Love your Q&A shows. Please explain to me this, because I am confused: HD 140238 - or Methuselah Star - is estimated to be 14.3 billion years old, plus minus 0.5 billion years older than the accepted 13.8 billion year lifetime of the universe. And ESA's Hipparcos satellite estimated the age of the universe at 16 billion years.
What current approaches are there that mitigate radiation exposure in space? Bunker sections in the ISS etc. And designs are being seriously looked into. There's not much talk about how Starship will protect it's occupants during the trip, sure the exposure might be within tolerance levels for the time of the trip, but it's got to account for something. I feel like the idea to pump sewage into the hull of the ship may be difficult to talk about in a serious setting hence why it's not being brought up in conversation, unless there are some issues with that idea.
How long would we have to watch the CMB to tell that it's changing? It's interesting to think about building up a 3D map over billions of years, or finding ancient alien archives that have one for the last few billion years.
“...only 4% of the universe will ever be reachable...” My intuition is having problems with this. I get that a singular spacecraft is limited to around 25-30% the speed of light, though of course chemical rockets will probably never get past 0.01% C. But a vastly scaled up Breakthrough Starshot ought to manage better. If humanity were to dedicate itself to building Dyson Spheres around a string of stars in a straight line, a relay of pushing lasers. Then engineer a line of nuclear powered pushing lasers each accelerated up to a decent fraction of C. Finally send a probe down the line of Dyson Swarmed stars, past the nuclear powered pushing lasers, getting yottawatt laser pushes from each star and nuclear laser. 80% C? 90% C? 95% C? Bonkers speed in any case. Still only 4% of the observable universe? I’m sure a few million Neuralinked Elon Musks dosed with enough extra-strength Red Bull could work this out.
Hi Fraser What do you think about the new Venus missions announced by NASA? I wish at least one had been a hot air balloon that could explore the cloud tops , but it's better than nothing. Hopefully with more private space companies there could be some more private Venus missions like what rocket lab has planned.
I'm pretty sure if you ask nicely, the universe will tell you its age. I mean let's be honest, it doesn't have anything to be ashamed of. It doesn't look a _day_ older than 13.6 billion years!
@@byrnemeister2008 Right, but there are theories that the rate of acceleration is variable ( not a constant ) which would make determining the age of the universe more difficult.
It's not officially dead, but I'm not happy with the quality of it. So I'm rebuilding my knowledge and technique from scratch through the interviews I'm doing.
@@frasercain I understand, but I imagine I speak for a lot of people when I say that I miss it and I was starting to wonder whether I should stay subscribed.
I have a question. I've been working on a theory for dark matter and it seems to work. I'm not a physicist and I would like to share it to see if it actually holds up to critical scrutiny. On the off chance that it has merit, how do I ensure that its not "stolen", that I can keep being involved etc.. Basically, what precautions do I take before sharing? Guarantees etc..?
@@MrT------5743 I don't have the energy for a full paper in a timely manner, so I decided on writing an essay as a way to verify the ideas and find collaborators if it holds up.
@@luciddaze248 so you have time to come up with a whole new theory, have no idea about if it has merit, don't want it stolen, but don't want to share it so it can be peer reviewed but have time to watch TH-cam? I'm betting you got nothing worth anyone at all in the field to even bother reading. You are just some random guy with a wacky idea and thinks you solved something brilliant people that dedicated their entire lives on couldn't figure out? Gotcha
Since only the owner of a sattelite can touch it, for a bankrupt company where no one wants to buy the sattelites, who is the owner? Who do you contact to get permission to deal with their space junk?
Clearly we don't have an accurate estimate of the age of the universe, since the Methuselah Star is estimated to be older. Their margins of error overlap, but either the universe is older than our best estimate or that star is younger. Both estimates cannot be simultaneously correct.
That only proves that at least one estimate is inaccurate, without proving which one or proving that both are. From what I've understood, estimating the age of a single star is much more difficult and approximate. Becky Smethurst had a recent video on it
In reality it is only 2 significant digits. 14 Billion years. The reason is that cosmic inflation hasn't been nailed down yet. There is still a lot of debate. Until it is resolved we won't have a real age. Almost as bad as assuming Pi is 3.
Could life on Earth *be* Von Newman probes? Perhaps DNA based life is just a very fancy self-replicating robot system, with an extremely clever improving method - evolution! We could have been seed into the Earth bilions of years ago. And through humanity we are reaching our singularity, meaning that complex behaviour, learning and exploration capacity are accelerating further and further
If a very future distance civilization worked out GR. They might figure out that Space must expand or contract like Einstein realized. Then by mistake hit upon the right idea that the Cosmic Dark Energy must be there.
Thanks for answering my question, Fraser!
Hey Fraser! I got a question that popped into my brain after whatching your latest Q&A video. After the big bang the universe was extremely hot and as it was expanding it started to slowly cool down. So , at one point the universe must had a temperature , in which water on planets that wouldn't even need to have a star , would be in a liquid form , cause the habitable zone would basically be anywhere in the universe, as you said. Could theoretically , have such planets ever existed back then and even with life thriving on them? If so , how much time would life have to evolve on such a planet , before the temperature of the universe got too cold?
Great show. First time seeing it today. I especially enjoyed your thoughtful answers to questions. One question rattling around in my head since high school is whether there might be a pattern or force which determines the direction spiral galaxies spin, similar to how the Coriolis Effect affects air and ocean movement patterns on earth.
Astronomers have wondered that and done big surveys of galaxy rotation direction. It seems to be totally random.
Hi Fraser. Quick thought.. you mentioned recently that the CBR is essentially opaque because it represents the period of the universe where it was essentially a ‘solid’ mass of exotic plasma like the surface of a star (forgive me if I’m misremembering..) before the universe expanded out into more understandable matter.
Is there a calculation of how big the universe was at this stage? ...The simplistic part of my brain imagines this version of the universe as a monster ‘star’ billions of lightyears across, so do feel free to correct me if that’s way off the Mark! 😉
For all we currently know it could have been infinite.
Oo! Oo! I’ve another question.. How could the universe ever be considered infinite if we are pretty certain that the universe had a particular size at different stages of its life? Ie. Inflation period = grapefruit, CMB at 380000yrs = 1.4m lightyears. I appreciate it’s hard to be sure what lies beyond the visible universe now and that there is much more out there than we can see or detect, but how can we ever think of the universe as infinite when at some point we’d have to transition from finite to infinite? Especially if the lifespan of the universe is fairly certainly a finite age?....
Hello great show as always!
So I got a question all the way from Nordics, I have heard alot about how to slow down time by gravition and traveling really fast but not the other side of that spectrum. Beeing way out of any gravitation wells and *standing still (not accelerating?, don't really know what reference point to use here). Question is how much faster in time could I go if I minimize those two factors?
(Sorry messy spelling, auto-correct is set for swedish)
For something that starts and never ends, any time is 'close to the beginning'. What you said around 17:20 could be said even if it was trillions of years from now
Great video, as always! Question: why does it take a few weeks to upload the Q&A videos? I always get confused on whether I've seen the show live or not haha
It normally takes exactly one week, but we had a Canadian holiday so we took an extra week.
@@frasercain Oh you Canadians and your holidays 😉
yasss. I got a question answered. thanks man
Hi Fraser - why isn't the milky way present in the CMB image? Wouldn't it block measurements of the CMB in the direction of the galactic plane?
Q&A. Are you going to make a full length episode on Chinese rover landing on the Mars? It was largely ignored by the western media - which is sad.
That's what happens when you release bat flu viruses & cause global pandemics. We should ignore every state sponsored achievement
Western media is at the mercy of China’s release of information. China prefers to only acknowledge successes unlike the US broadcasts everything live at the risk of broadcasting failures. China is under no obligation to cater to Western tastes given that China was deliberately excluded from any space technology development for decades.
It is my understanding that astronomers most recently determined the age of the universe from data acquired by the WMAP satellite measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB is what we could see at the time the satellite made the measurements, so the 13.7 billion years is based on what we could see then. Isn't it possible that other remnants of the big bang lie beyond what we could see at the time, or what we may never see due to the acceleration of the expanding universe. These invisible remnants that lie beyond this horizon could have created other galaxies and stars whose mass could be drawing the mass we see within the horizon, outward, giving the appearance of a dark energy inside the horizon. Would someone comment on why this can or can't be an explanation of dark energy.
“Stars are opaque like walls are opaque” but we have sensors that can see through walls, and light (like radio waves) go through walls easily. I don’t think that was the best example. Though I guess we can equate gravitational waves and neutrinos to different wavelengths of light I suppose
Agreed! I just googled it and apparently you could get a radio signal through the sun if its wavelength is longer than the suns diameter. Though you'd need one heck of an antenna to detect that signal.
Hi Fraser. Adding propulsion, could the ISS be repurpose for a Mars trip?
No.
Not now but if the starship does get up before decommissioning then a “starship” tanker booster theoretically could start the process. More shielding would be required though. Good question.
Are there any guarantees in life? Yes. Well, at least one: a Fraser Cain upload will be awesome! 🌸
Universe is infinite in time, space and matter
Hi Fraser, would a space junk laser have thrust from the photons it emits?
Yes, but not much. :-)
So the pattern of the CMB is changing. Are we looking for an indication (or message) of a previous aeon in the pattern
Two questions for the price of one :)
In there any correlation between light intensity and number of photons within a specific volume? (More photons = more intense light)
As photons and other particles (or electromagnetic waves) travel in all directions, could they interfere if they collide? Or collision are so rare that these effects are insignificant?
Couple of days ago I was watching a lunar eclipse two hours before sunrise. That got me wondering, can you see a lunar eclipse and the sun at the same time?
All lunar eclipses occur at a full moon phase and during a full moon, the sun is on the opposite side of the earth from the moon.
@@MrT------5743 that is true, But depending where the person is on the earth, the lunar eclipse happens at different time zones. For me it happened two hours before sunrise(California). people in the UK happened around midnight, and people in India it happened just as the sun went down.
@@duckgoesquack4514 a few days ago, that was a solar eclipse, not a lunar one. In that case the moon and sun appeared to overlap each other. So you definitely would see the sun and a solar eclipse at the same time.
@@duckgoesquack4514 a few days ago, that was a solar eclipse, not a lunar one. In that case the moon and sun appeared to overlap each other. So you definitely would see the sun and a solar eclipse at the same time.
@@MrT------5743 my bad, the lunar eclipse happened a several weeks ago. Went back to my pictures and the date was may 26. Time is going fast for me
hey Frasier ,
are we able to watch the cmb cool down over a few years or even in real time ?
i know it must be a epicly slow cooldown at 3kelvin , but those cmb maps was crazy precise and the cmb is the most perfect black body radiator.
great Q&A as always
I'm having trouble wrapping my brain around gravitational wave observatories that can't actually "see" anything. Can LIGO and VIRGO figure out what part of space the waves they detect came from (and thus how long ago they occurred) or only that gravitational events occur?
Yes they can point to origin. Telescopes can then look
If the universe is expanding away from us in every direction we look, how is light from the cosmic microwave background coming back toward us? Shouldn't it also be radiating away from us?
background radiation means the Density of Energy in Universe
Excellent content. Thanks
❓ What are your thoughts on the cosmological "axis of evil"? Has there been any new insights into that mystery?
We saw OSIRIS REX collect a bunch of rubble from Bennu. But what if the rubble includes chunks of ice or frozen methane or other volatiles frozen in space but liquid or gas on Earth? After the capsule is recovered in Utah and taken to a lab, is there any attempt to maintain the extremely cold climate or, when they open it up, will fluids pool and gas liberate?
Ok, so how old was the universe when the first emitted ligh after the Big Bang was in the visible spectrum? Also, how intense or bright would this light have been? If both the Earth and ourselves were around at that time and we looked up in the night sky, would we see the space between the stars as coloured, instead of pure black? How cool would this have been? Green, yellow... Space!
Hi Fraser. What is space dust? Where does it come from?
Hi Fraser. I'm going back through the Astronomy Cast archive and re-listening to them all--but when I was sick with the vaccine reaction I fell asleep during one! It was based on the velocity/vectors of all stars and how there are 4 measurements we can use to determine the distance to them. (The star position when the light was emitted, the star position currently, our current position, etc) I can't find the episode again, can you please help me?!?!
TH-cam history bro. Dumb
I didn't watch it on TH-cam, genius.
@@nocallnoshow6878 browser history bro
In your greedy haste to insult me, it did not occur to you that I did not watch it on TH-cam, and I don't have access to it in my browser history. Clearly those are the two most obvious paths to hear something again, and those paths are unavailable to me. I wouldn't be wasting anybody effort if it were that simple. But thanks for trolling somebody who enjoys astronomy information for no other reason than to show everybody how much of a jerk you are.
@@nocallnoshow6878 cool story bro. You def seem hard up for some interaction with TH-cam creators. Why don't you ask Frasier where he poops
Any chance you could vary the times of the live show, so that those of us outside of the Americas have a chance to catch it at a reasonable hour?
Wow dumb comment
😈No
god bless boyo pretty good questions this week
@Fraser Cain. Love your Q&A shows. Please explain to me this, because I am confused: HD 140238 - or Methuselah Star - is estimated to be 14.3 billion years old, plus minus 0.5 billion years older than the accepted 13.8 billion year lifetime of the universe. And ESA's Hipparcos satellite estimated the age of the universe at 16 billion years.
this was good!
What current approaches are there that mitigate radiation exposure in space? Bunker sections in the ISS etc.
And designs are being seriously looked into. There's not much talk about how Starship will protect it's occupants during the trip, sure the exposure might be within tolerance levels for the time of the trip, but it's got to account for something.
I feel like the idea to pump sewage into the hull of the ship may be difficult to talk about in a serious setting hence why it's not being brought up in conversation, unless there are some issues with that idea.
Hi Fraser, is big bang gravitational waves ever detectable if we measure it in space not ground?
Hi Fraser, is planet Mars still losing its atmosphere even now?
Yes
How long would we have to watch the CMB to tell that it's changing? It's interesting to think about building up a 3D map over billions of years, or finding ancient alien archives that have one for the last few billion years.
Question... I know there us no "geometric" center of the universe; but is there a center of mass of the universe? And if so, where would it be?
Could ion thrusters be used to keep the iss in a stable orbit?
13:07 Are there things we already can't see? ... Dark Matter might count. Maybe it was more "visible" in the past? (or will be in the future?)
Oh my god!!!! I love you, Fraser!!! My question is, ❓ Do you love me? ❓
I dont love you... but you seem friendly enough
Creepy
25:28 this would mean paying a bounty to generate space junk. Classic example of the Cobra Problem
If warp bubbles and warp drive is possible then can we reach more than 4% of the universe?
“...only 4% of the universe will ever be reachable...”
My intuition is having problems with this.
I get that a singular spacecraft is limited to around 25-30% the speed of light, though of course chemical rockets will probably never get past 0.01% C.
But a vastly scaled up Breakthrough Starshot ought to manage better. If humanity were to dedicate itself to building Dyson Spheres around a string of stars in a straight line, a relay of pushing lasers. Then engineer a line of nuclear powered pushing lasers each accelerated up to a decent fraction of C. Finally send a probe down the line of Dyson Swarmed stars, past the nuclear powered pushing lasers, getting yottawatt laser pushes from each star and nuclear laser. 80% C? 90% C? 95% C? Bonkers speed in any case. Still only 4% of the observable universe?
I’m sure a few million Neuralinked Elon Musks dosed with enough extra-strength Red Bull could work this out.
That 4% assumes you're going 99.999999% the speed of light. Go slower, reach less.
I was sorry to see the Canadarm damaged by debris. It's still working, eh? Please make more.
Hi Fraser What do you think about the new Venus missions announced by NASA? I wish at least one had been a hot air balloon that could explore the cloud tops , but it's better than nothing. Hopefully with more private space companies there could be some more private Venus missions like what rocket lab has planned.
I'm pretty sure if you ask nicely, the universe will tell you its age. I mean let's be honest, it doesn't have anything to be ashamed of. It doesn't look a _day_ older than 13.6 billion years!
What if cosmic expansion turns out to be variable rather than a constant ?
Well it is variable. It’s getting faster and faster. This is the evidence for dark energy.
@@byrnemeister2008 Right, but there are theories that the rate of acceleration is variable ( not a constant ) which would make determining the age of the universe more difficult.
If you were the head of NASA or ran your own space exploration company where would you want to focus your attention towards?
I've always been skeptical of his "wherever you are, across my channel" claim. Does that include every video from the past 14 years?
Sure
There's a tool in youtube's creator section that lets you view recent comments on all your videos in one place.
@@webchimp Ah, that helps.
Hi Fraser, what happens to cosmic web as the dark energy increases?
Am I seeing wrong or is the earth spinning backwards in the animation at 31.20?
Don't be alarmed, it's an animation, not the real thing.
What speed does a 1g rock need to orbit around me(100kg) without falling to the ground?
There is missing data in your situation: are you floating in space? How far away from you is the rock?
"ionic traveler" - pun or typo?
A question for Fraser. How do Hot Jupiters form and evolve?
@@FelixBat how?
@@FelixBat how by magic? I don't get it.
@@FelixBat oh u got me good
So is guide to space like, officially dead?
It's not officially dead, but I'm not happy with the quality of it. So I'm rebuilding my knowledge and technique from scratch through the interviews I'm doing.
@@frasercain I understand, but I imagine I speak for a lot of people when I say that I miss it and I was starting to wonder whether I should stay subscribed.
I have a question. I've been working on a theory for dark matter and it seems to work. I'm not a physicist and I would like to share it to see if it actually holds up to critical scrutiny. On the off chance that it has merit, how do I ensure that its not "stolen", that I can keep being involved etc.. Basically, what precautions do I take before sharing? Guarantees etc..?
Write a scientific paper and publish it.
@@MrT------5743 I don't have the energy for a full paper in a timely manner, so I decided on writing an essay as a way to verify the ideas and find collaborators if it holds up.
@@luciddaze248 so you have time to come up with a whole new theory, have no idea about if it has merit, don't want it stolen, but don't want to share it so it can be peer reviewed but have time to watch TH-cam?
I'm betting you got nothing worth anyone at all in the field to even bother reading. You are just some random guy with a wacky idea and thinks you solved something brilliant people that dedicated their entire lives on couldn't figure out? Gotcha
SSTO! why not? If yes. When?
Your opinion about X-33 VentureStar
Any chance of revival?
It's just not efficient. A fully reusable 2 stage rocket is vastly more efficient
@@frasercain and the refurbishment cost? Isn't more cost effective just refurbish 1 stage than 2. Don't counting logistics, like spacex drone ships.
Do you answer these questions off of your head?
Yes, I have no idea what people are going to ask.
@@frasercain how do you hold so much knowledge? Do you have a PhD?
If the Andromeda galaxy had a quasar at it's core, how bright would we see it in the night sky?
Since only the owner of a sattelite can touch it, for a bankrupt company where no one wants to buy the sattelites, who is the owner? Who do you contact to get permission to deal with their space junk?
Clearly we don't have an accurate estimate of the age of the universe, since the Methuselah Star is estimated to be older. Their margins of error overlap, but either the universe is older than our best estimate or that star is younger. Both estimates cannot be simultaneously correct.
That only proves that at least one estimate is inaccurate, without proving which one or proving that both are. From what I've understood, estimating the age of a single star is much more difficult and approximate. Becky Smethurst had a recent video on it
Stupid
In reality it is only 2 significant digits. 14 Billion years. The reason is that cosmic inflation hasn't been nailed down yet. There is still a lot of debate. Until it is resolved we won't have a real age. Almost as bad as assuming Pi is 3.
Could life on Earth *be* Von Newman probes? Perhaps DNA based life is just a very fancy self-replicating robot system, with an extremely clever improving method - evolution! We could have been seed into the Earth bilions of years ago. And through humanity we are reaching our singularity, meaning that complex behaviour, learning and exploration capacity are accelerating further and further
If a very future distance civilization worked out GR. They might figure out that Space must expand or contract like Einstein realized. Then by mistake hit upon the right idea that the Cosmic Dark Energy must be there.
👍👍👍
So the universe is just a huge waste paper bin on its side?
Didn't you always suspect that?
@@frasercain No, I thought any such notion was a load of rubbish/trash.
Robots building robots...We are Borg !!!
Dark matter is AI paperclip bots!
most amount of nonsense tye heard in a video