Exploring How Computers Work

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ค. 2024
  • A little exploration of some of the fundamentals of how computers work. Logic gates, binary, two's complement; all that good stuff!
    Series playlist: • Exploring How Computer...
    Simulation tool (work in progress): sebastian.itch.io/digital-log...
    Source code: github.com/SebLague/Digital-L...
    Support the channel: / sebastianlague
    Resources and Inspiration:
    / beneater
    www.coursera.org/learn/build-...
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s...
    Chapters:
    00:00 Intro
    00:50 Logic Gates
    03:09 The Simulation
    05:06 Binary Numeral System
    06:16 Binary Addition Theory
    07:24 Building an Adder
    12:11 Negative Numbers Theory
    15:08 Building the ALU
    17:43 Outro
    Music:
    "A Quiet Place" by Jordan White
    "A New Perspective" by Ryan Smart
    "Beyond the Horizon" by Sounds Like Sander
    "Crystal Bursts" by Cody Martin
    "Air" by Assaf Ayalon
    "Elastic Vibe" by Ziv Moran
    "Gotcha!" by Avocado Junkie
    Images:
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_...

ความคิดเห็น • 3.9K

  • @SebastianLague
    @SebastianLague  3 ปีที่แล้ว +3047

    Hi everyone! I work with computers pretty much every day, but know shamefully little about what actually goes on inside them. I've been trying to remedy that recently by learning some of the (very) basics, and I thought it'd be fun to make a few videos about it along the way. It's a bit different from my usual content, but I hope you'll enjoy it anyway :)
    Edit: I see there’s some interest in getting access to the little simulation tool I made. It’s not in a very user friendly state at the moment, but I’ll see about polishing it up and releasing it for free sometime soon!
    Edit2: The simulation tool is now available here: sebastian.itch.io/digital-logic-sim
    Along with source code over here: github.com/SebLague/Digital-Logic-Sim
    If you'd like to support me in creating more videos about programming, game development, etc. I'd greatly appreciate your support on Patreon
    www.patreon.com/SebastianLague

    • @drjoriv
      @drjoriv 3 ปีที่แล้ว +27

      As a computer science master student, I am always learning somethings new from you even though I am in school rn

    • @GloriousAssam
      @GloriousAssam 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      I haven't watched this yet either, I was just commenting in the hopes of finding your ear. Your video on planets, raymarching.. always been hoping to do something involving raymarching (so anything further on that in future would be appreciated), but one question specifically about the collisions.. were they provided automatically by Unity as part of a mesh (I am unlikely to use Unity - webgl), were you using compute shaders, or something else in order to provide collisions? I haven't found much on this part, rendering the graphics being one challenge but to be able to receive back information on the collisions (so as to not phase through objects). I wasn't able to infer it from your video. Thanks!

    • @chrisgaming9567
      @chrisgaming9567 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      I really liked this one

    • @duckles426
      @duckles426 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      This is actually more in depth than most "Basics of Computing" explainers go, which i really liked. Keep up the good stuff :)

    • @omerfarukbykl6097
      @omerfarukbykl6097 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      Will you share the source code for the tool?

  • @Vijwal
    @Vijwal 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2918

    "I am not too good at giving instructions"
    *Makes a simulation that can simulate what it's being ran on*

    • @Yamyatos
      @Yamyatos 2 ปีที่แล้ว +91

      That's kinda the thing about touring complete systems tho. Since they can do anything, they can literally simulate themselves. Not considering FPS, you could programm all of Factorio inside Factorio for example. Or inside the game of life. Or, well, in the above :P

    • @gabponponne4525
      @gabponponne4525 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Same

    • @joaozin003
      @joaozin003 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Minecraft... ?

    • @transcent7
      @transcent7 2 ปีที่แล้ว +54

      @@joaozin003 yup, players already made working computers inside minecraft that are made without any mods.

    • @TinyDeskEngineer
      @TinyDeskEngineer 2 ปีที่แล้ว +31

      @@transcent7 now they just need to make a 1-bit color version of Minecraft using a redstone lamp screen

  • @NikolajLepka
    @NikolajLepka 3 ปีที่แล้ว +474

    this might just be the most concise explanation of how to get from a transistor to an ALU

  • @m.h.m7509
    @m.h.m7509 ปีที่แล้ว +2126

    as a programmer watching this made me realize how privileged i am to live in a time when high level programming languages exist. can't imagine what the computer pioneers had to go through. mad respect for them.

    • @maktiki
      @maktiki ปีที่แล้ว +133

      Flipping switches and punchin holes in cards

    • @kato_dsrdr
      @kato_dsrdr ปีที่แล้ว +98

      Bruh. They program without even a screen and keyboard.

    • @GriffinFamilyVlogs
      @GriffinFamilyVlogs ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Real

    • @Scout-uj1fj
      @Scout-uj1fj ปีที่แล้ว +34

      We have missed out on the fun stuff :(

    • @m.h.m7509
      @m.h.m7509 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      @@Scout-uj1fj really 😐😐

  • @Andoxico
    @Andoxico 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1545

    There's a game called Turing Complete that's perfect for this sort of study. It takes you from making a NOT gate all the way to writing assembly programs that run on the computer you eventually build. I strongly recommend.

    • @yumikotanashi
      @yumikotanashi ปีที่แล้ว +41

      Hey thanks for this it's lovely

    • @kingagora
      @kingagora ปีที่แล้ว +7

      link to the game?

    • @angelcore1669
      @angelcore1669 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      @@kingagora it’s on steam

    • @iambeloved496
      @iambeloved496 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thanks

    • @alansmithee419
      @alansmithee419 ปีที่แล้ว +119

      Played this.
      You eventually build a turing complete CPU.
      I have done that and still have no clue how it works (though I certainly understand it much better than previously).
      Much harder to comprehend the totality of the system than it is to understand each of the individual steps along the way to building it.
      It is *so* satisfying to run assembly code on a CPU you *built yourself from scratch.* It's just a feeling of "holy **** this thing I made actually works."
      Really gives you an appreciation for the people who invented all this stuff *without* knowing it was all possible before they started.
      Edit: Also the game gets you to solve everything in this video on your own, rather than telling you how to do it which is fun. (yes, everything, including figuring out the format of negative numbers on your own, which it prompts you to do, but it doesn't tell you how).

  • @Luminalmvm
    @Luminalmvm 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6015

    You're actually explaining my university course far clearer than my lecturer lol. Love the videos

    • @Ayrton3326
      @Ayrton3326 3 ปีที่แล้ว +140

      same. I wish universities watched youtube videos on the subject to get better ideas of how to explain stuff

    • @DerXavia
      @DerXavia 3 ปีที่แล้ว +64

      I did this in school and its not really complicated? Didn't you play around with minecraft redstone?

    • @Luminalmvm
      @Luminalmvm 3 ปีที่แล้ว +128

      @@DerXavia I'm definitely more of a visual learner and they just describe it all instead of showing it like this. Unironically maybe I should have mc open while watching online lectures and build the logic gates lmao

    • @allysonmardegan1484
      @allysonmardegan1484 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I can tell the same

    • @Drastonar
      @Drastonar 3 ปีที่แล้ว +29

      I came here to write the same comment! The two's complement explanation was the best I've seen.

  • @thebeat4769
    @thebeat4769 3 ปีที่แล้ว +850

    I'm suprised with every thing, from how computers work to how he can make the lines look so beautiful

    • @Yamyatos
      @Yamyatos 2 ปีที่แล้ว +40

      I know right? I was thinking like "did he programm that just for this showcase?". Not because the actual logic behind it is impressive. But because the visualization is lol.

    • @IlSharmouta
      @IlSharmouta 2 ปีที่แล้ว +37

      @@Yamyatos looks like he did, yeah. They're locked to straight horizontal or vertical lines when he drags the mouse, so with only right angle corners, which then get nicely rounded.
      Impressive effort just to have his demonstrations nice and smooth looking.

    • @twojnarrator7576
      @twojnarrator7576 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Shift

    • @thepearlking4417
      @thepearlking4417 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      He was actually holding shift

  • @ArcNine9Angel
    @ArcNine9Angel ปีที่แล้ว +244

    I got lost halfway through, but this was so well made and clear to see I'm still fascinated! Thank you for making these! I always struggled with this and it made a bit more sense today.

    • @eliasz61
      @eliasz61 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +13

      Same lol. Beginning to think I may be non-binary 😂

    • @Svetlec
      @Svetlec 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      a BIT more sense? (Haha binary bits ae fun

    • @oussematoussli8085
      @oussematoussli8085 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Svetlec HHHHHHHHHHH THATS FUNNY

  • @MintyLime703
    @MintyLime703 ปีที่แล้ว +217

    It always blows my mind trying to figure out how we got from simple earth materials to a computer. How when arranged just right and using electrons to flip ones and zeros you can make a virtual world that can be interacted with. Not even for work or anything either, this technology is so standardized that everyone uses it for just about anything you can think of. Most have no idea how it works but they don't even need to. It's so incredibly advanced and new yet people treat computers like they're any other tool. Imagine trying to explain how a phone works to someone living in the Roman Republic. How could you even convince them that it's made from the metals and earthy materials found all around them?

    • @iliaaaaaaa
      @iliaaaaaaa ปีที่แล้ว +7

      the same thoughts i was going through.

    • @seavs1
      @seavs1 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Yes! Thought about that too many times. Its pretty nuts actually.

    • @hpa4355
      @hpa4355 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      I'd argue that it isnt really made out of simple earth material. It is not like you can take a rock and a stick and build an ALU. You do have to perform extreme refinement of the materials, accumulation of knowledge and techniques, and mass industrialization to reach these technologies, so it is a matter of scale. I am although amazed, like you, by what we managed to accomplished from being able to put and miniaturize very basic components together.
      You should get a look at this video/article where a designer tried making a toaster from scratch.

    • @Topghee1234
      @Topghee1234 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@hpa4355 But bro/sis, it all comes from earth before the refinement, techniques, knowledge, accumulation ....... isn't it.

    • @kgosiphoma
      @kgosiphoma 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      The Elohim helped your leaders do everything. Also modern technology isn’t new at all, it is actually a backwards movement compared to our ancient civilisations which will come back to light soon.

  • @mrhelpful1190
    @mrhelpful1190 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1440

    Quite frankly, the most impressive thing about this video is how easily he puts components into a breadboard

    • @3631162
      @3631162 3 ปีที่แล้ว +47

      ikr. im usually fiddling around to put shit inside. not just with breadboards. I think the problem is more fundamental..

    • @rikschaaf
      @rikschaaf 3 ปีที่แล้ว +32

      I heard from Ben Eater that this is caused by the quality of the breadboard. He made a video about it a while back.

    • @SimonTiger
      @SimonTiger 3 ปีที่แล้ว +21

      Ben Eater uses BB830 breadboards, which are very high quality. Maybe Sebastian uses them as well, but I'm not sure.

    • @omayoperations8423
      @omayoperations8423 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Quite true; and that's sad. Not for him, but me.

    • @statlanta_
      @statlanta_ 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      LMAOOOOO

  • @akinichts8387
    @akinichts8387 3 ปีที่แล้ว +126

    I like the way of thinking of the sign indicator as -8. never hear of this idea before

    • @benrex7775
      @benrex7775 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      - That is a quite common thing in programming. It's called signed datatypes.
      - Floating point numbers are also common. They are often bigger numbers and the computer needs more effort to calculate them, that's why they are avoided if possible, if you need an optimized code.
      - Quite a bit rarer is the fixed point numbers. There you have a fixed number of digits above the comma and a fixed number behind the comma.

    • @samuelwerley528
      @samuelwerley528 3 ปีที่แล้ว +21

      @@benrex7775 I think what he means is the -8 part. I learned about signed data types and the twos complement in school as well, but never saw the signed digit explained like that. Made it more intuitive. My professor taught us how to do the twos complement but it didn't click for me what it was actually doing until I saw this video

    • @benrex7775
      @benrex7775 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@samuelwerley528Makes sense.

    • @hodayfa000h
      @hodayfa000h หลายเดือนก่อน

      Well I already knew it from simply hacking with assembly I made a signed num an unsigned on and got shocked how after a certain value, numbers are supposedly negative even if not appearing so

  • @glitchy_weasel
    @glitchy_weasel ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow! This is without a doubt the best, most concise introduction to digital system in all of TH-cam. And despite of being short and extremely concise, you explained it perfectly. As with many others in the comments, this complements my university course perfectly! Will share it with my friends, thanks!

  • @eckee
    @eckee ปีที่แล้ว +40

    I can’t believe how well put this is. So simple yet explains a lot of concepts clearly and in detail. Teachers do matter.

  • @dryoshiyahu
    @dryoshiyahu 3 ปีที่แล้ว +551

    This would be such an incredible tool for educational settings like classrooms.

    • @beyondcatastrophe_
      @beyondcatastrophe_ 3 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      I can recommend Logisim (or any of it's successors). It's a more polished tool that also has useful blocks like multiplexers, registers and more

    • @ipotrick6686
      @ipotrick6686 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      logisim

    • @Anohaxer
      @Anohaxer 3 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      @@beyondcatastrophe_
      > more polished
      more bloated, really. for purely education it's needlessly big.
      > useful blocks like multiplexers, registers and more
      if this had a save/load functionality it could be part of the course to build those yourself, which would be fun i think

    • @nayandusoruth2468
      @nayandusoruth2468 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      For any kind of logic circuit stuff, simulator.io is a decent online system if your curious

    • @UberMun
      @UberMun 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@Anohaxer this guy posts on /g/
      heh

  • @kivylius
    @kivylius 2 ปีที่แล้ว +564

    This is absolutely the best description I never ever seen in my entire life. As a dev for 10 year interested in electronic, I finally got the “aha” moment. Thank you.

    • @greatcesari
      @greatcesari ปีที่แล้ว +4

      These are my thoughts exactly. Going through everything slowly, and visually building on previous more basic steps (circuits) using that little program made everything click perfectly. This style of explanation should be implemented in universities. The only addition is that I'd briefly explain from the start what everything is leading up to for the sake of unexperienced viewers.

    • @m.h.m7509
      @m.h.m7509 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      same

  • @georgejaparidze
    @georgejaparidze ปีที่แล้ว

    Liked the video before watching, this guy is amazing, not only the topics are interesting, but the way he delivers the content is so good (approach, graphics, framing, etc).

  • @JazzInATinCan
    @JazzInATinCan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hey Sebastian. Here's some praise: Your channel is a great candidate to being my favorite on youtube. Your videos are very focused and well explained, very well produced without being overproduced in any way, the vibe is perfectly wholesome, you go deeper than surface level, but not 4 hour videos. And it seems you put a lot of work into each video off screen and the quality is just wonderful. I get very inspired to create and explore but do not feel any pressure to also be cool and like you, as I can get from watching videos by other cool people.

  • @UstedTubo187
    @UstedTubo187 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1153

    When Sebastian says he's 'not so good at giving' computers instructions, a collective gulp can be heard from the rest of us.

    • @thederpderp7758
      @thederpderp7758 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Haha I can relate :D

    • @amgames5638
      @amgames5638 3 ปีที่แล้ว +40

      As he proceeds to show the complex boids and procedural marching squares he designed himself... XD

    • @TriDeapthBear
      @TriDeapthBear 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Yeah, he then shows a program I couldn't figure out how to make... lol

    • @youneskasdi
      @youneskasdi 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Gulp? i almost swallowed my entire self

    • @NStripleseven
      @NStripleseven 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes

  • @Vincent_C
    @Vincent_C 3 ปีที่แล้ว +402

    I found out how to use simple logic gates from games like scrap mechanic and minecraft. It's strange building a computer, inside a video game that's running on a computer.

    • @TheKikou18
      @TheKikou18 3 ปีที่แล้ว +39

      Welcome to Turing Completness, the criterion that tells you "Can this computer/mechanism/... simulate any computer/mechanism/... ?"
      For example, you could theoretically run minecraft on dominoes and make some redstone inside to make your exact computer !

    • @Xtilly-uq2xm
      @Xtilly-uq2xm 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      i learned from minecraft originally too, and learned to make basic computer components in scrap mechanic as well

    • @1Joren
      @1Joren 3 ปีที่แล้ว +22

      Apparently Microsoft Powerpoint is also Turing complete

    • @jupi6851
      @jupi6851 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      yeah right! although minecraft is one of the few videogames that allow you to do this (others being baba is you and factorio) because it is turing complete. this is all so interesting :D

    • @amberpurrington3565
      @amberpurrington3565 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      i edited this comment

  • @ACorgi
    @ACorgi ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I took a course on computer architecture where we learned about all this stuff, but your explanation of the sign bit and calling it -8 was so clever! The sign bi, two's compliment, and everything has always been such a weird concept, especially when trying to explain it to others.

  • @Jath2112
    @Jath2112 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Your digital logic Sim is ...more exciting than anything I could have imagined having as a kid in the 80s... and the things I could imagine Cost way more than I could have afforded. ... I applaud your efforts man. You do a service to all future people. Cheers.

  • @dkaloger5720
    @dkaloger5720 3 ปีที่แล้ว +300

    This explains in less than 20m what our computer class needs weeks for.

    • @xyrex9911
      @xyrex9911 3 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      yeah lmao the visuals were actually so helpful.
      Imagine if the next curriculum just showed this series instead xD

    • @gileee
      @gileee 3 ปีที่แล้ว +23

      True, but in addition they teach you the connection between logic and language, the formalization of logical statements (which basically teaches you formal math language on the side) and different forms which have additional properties (such as ease of simplification of expressions with special algorithms), the limits and issues in practice, additional theory that talks about the maximal expression potential you have when you limit the number of operations (or gates) and what's need for maximum expressive power (why is just a NAND gate enough to represent all logical statements?), extending all the way to ALUs, instructions (and the history of computation).. and enough info in between to fill up this youtube comment input box.

    • @plasticflower
      @plasticflower 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      You should be grateful that your class dedicates a couple of weeks to this and doesn't merely show you a 20 minute video and then says "OK, got it? Onto the next topic then!"

    • @douglasg14b
      @douglasg14b 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      And it probably took several times longer to produce! Which is the key, short, dense, easy to digest information takes a LOT of time and effort to create. Your [professors are not paid enough, nor are they provided with enough time to produce coursework of this quality.

    • @danielb270
      @danielb270 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      You understand this video well BECAUSE you had weeks of university classses.

  • @ezeth8576
    @ezeth8576 3 ปีที่แล้ว +754

    Damn. Is this going to be another Ben Eater? If so, I'm in.

    • @jackdavenport5011
      @jackdavenport5011 3 ปีที่แล้ว +39

      Ah, a fellow person of culture

    • @sinus4784
      @sinus4784 3 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      i love ben eater that guy is great

    • @lior_haddad
      @lior_haddad 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      The title made me think this was Ben Eater before I saw the thumbnail, so maybe.

    • @sinus4784
      @sinus4784 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@lior_haddad same

    • @patrlim
      @patrlim 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      Why does he eat bens

  • @davidtodd9918
    @davidtodd9918 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brilliant! It's fabulous how he takes us from a simple set of and and not gates and creates all the other basic gate types, and then creates an addition unit. Very cool.

  • @bibaswanchakma6471
    @bibaswanchakma6471 ปีที่แล้ว

    my whole semester's digital circuits and logic design lectures summed up in 18 minutes! thank you for this incredible and amazing video!

  • @thomasdawson4840
    @thomasdawson4840 2 ปีที่แล้ว +295

    I've taken 4 years of computer science classes and no one has once explained this as well as you have. Great video

    • @septa7559
      @septa7559 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Yes, if an online course was as good as this all the way, I bet you could get a college level degree in a year.

    • @jamesedwards6173
      @jamesedwards6173 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      You learn this stuff more in Computer/Electrical Engineering than in Computer Science. Especially in Digital Design (and, later, Computer Architecture) courses.
      (And, no, Septa, not a chance. There's way, way, waaaaaay more than this kind of thing to learn in getting a university degree in a field that would include this rudimentary material. Though, yes, this is certainly a nicely explanatory video.)

  • @Steve_K2
    @Steve_K2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I studied this stuff decades ago, and have now stumbled onto this video looking for a good tutorial for my grandson. Am just six minutes into it, but holy cow, it's brilliant. Best explanations I've ever seen. Bravo, Mr Lague.

  • @kwarc1009
    @kwarc1009 3 ปีที่แล้ว +142

    Me at start: Oh thats simple 1 and 1 goes in ,then 1 goes out
    Me just 3 minutes later: w0t

    • @4TH4RV
      @4TH4RV 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      same lol

  • @NineSun001
    @NineSun001 3 ปีที่แล้ว +43

    I learned this years ago just with tables. This tool is such a genius idea. You should really make it "polished" as you've said and give it out to schools and universities. Every it-student will love you for this.

    • @endodd_7742
      @endodd_7742 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      There are already dozens of good logic simulators with way more functions and more standardized representations. Check out Logisim or Digital by hneemann for example. For more complex stuff hardware description language is used instead.

  • @chrisklecker
    @chrisklecker ปีที่แล้ว

    This is such an awesome video. It requires a few watches to truly understand the logic but the logic is so sound and you show it so well that I plan to show in my Computer Science Principles class since I am getting questions on how exactly do computers work.

  • @primeral
    @primeral ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Mr. Lague, you are an excellent teacher and a tremendous asset to this planet. I subscribed a few days ago, you deserve to have many more. Thank you for this video.

  • @ClokworkGremlin
    @ClokworkGremlin 3 ปีที่แล้ว +858

    This is a boiled down version of what took me $4000 and 6 months to learn when I was getting my university degree. It's an excellent example of how TH-cam is making college obsolete.

    • @omgcyanide4642
      @omgcyanide4642 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Great comment!

    • @lazyemperor5182
      @lazyemperor5182 3 ปีที่แล้ว +46

      Obsolete ,shows that u r a programmer,,anyway I feel college is useless since everything is available for free on internet ,thanks to guys like Sebastian who make it free

    • @SkrtlIl
      @SkrtlIl 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      I can't really believe thats all you did in each course for a whole semester. We did this more thoroughly and formally than shown here in a single course, making up about a fifth of the coursework. I'm not in EE/CE tho and I know they have plenty more hours of digital electronics, but it's also far more advanced

    • @shishirgurung4427
      @shishirgurung4427 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      You're only looking at it from a binary perspective, like a programmer. There's more facets to life and why people make certain choices. The risk vs reward and regulatory components are imbalanced on the interwebs compared to real life. Colleges pay a lot in time and money compared to TH-cam creators. Colleges can't just make money by passing an algorithm

    • @MrMustacrackish
      @MrMustacrackish 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      So there are the MOOCs offered through some great schools and I think you can get an electrical engineering license in Wisconsin if you pass the test regardless if you have a 4 year degree...

  • @aniketpandey2524
    @aniketpandey2524 2 ปีที่แล้ว +91

    This is exactly how I taught my nephew in 7th class how to code. Once he understood the alu structure, it was all a piece of cake for him. It took me 4 years of grad school and 3 years working in the industry to understand all this in a way I could teach a 12 year old. We never had such informative video back then. ❣️

  • @ant_six
    @ant_six 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +15

    As a senior electrical and computer engineering student, this has been the best video I've seen in awhile! Explained the core of digital systems in a simple and intuitive way. Subscribed

    • @motorinmysoup9912
      @motorinmysoup9912 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Do you think your electrical and computer engineering degree has been worth it? I’m heavily considering switching from CS to ECE because I like embedded and circuits more than just software but I’m still unsure.

    • @ant_six
      @ant_six หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@motorinmysoup9912 One hundred percent. Extremely versatile degree and not as saturated. I switched from aerospace to electrical and one of the best decisions i’ve made. I can work in aeronautics as an electrical engineer, but not vice versa. Same goes EE and CMPS, which requires a good bit programming anyways.

    • @ant_six
      @ant_six หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@motorinmysoup9912 Just read the other half of your comment. Digital and embedded systems required a good bit of knowledge on both the hardware and software. I did some programming before college, but I found EE courses gave me a much more cohesive picture of the whole as a system. Wish you the best of luck my friend

  • @alexandermaasland3494
    @alexandermaasland3494 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hi Sebastian, I recently stumbled upon your project and videos and I really like your simulation tool. I sure hope you will continue to work on it to make it even more complete :) Hope to see more from you in the future!

  • @siristhedragon
    @siristhedragon 3 ปีที่แล้ว +383

    "Wait, Its all booleans?"
    "Always has been..." *Cocks gun*

    • @watchableraven3517
      @watchableraven3517 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I like your profile picture

    • @oyoplayer
      @oyoplayer 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Wait, number is booleans?

    • @abdullahelwalid4494
      @abdullahelwalid4494 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@oyoplayer 0&1 are booleans it's either zero or one that's why it's a boolean :) in other words Yes or No. This is called binary language which the computer understands.

    • @oyoplayer
      @oyoplayer 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@abdullahelwalid4494 thanks but i already know that (because I'm dev) , i Say that for the joke

    • @abdullahelwalid4494
      @abdullahelwalid4494 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@oyoplayer 😂😂😂 😂😂my bad

  • @hojdog
    @hojdog ปีที่แล้ว +5

    As always with Sebastian's videos, I'm awed just as much by the work he puts into visualizing the concepts he describes as I am by concepts themselves

  • @maxellmilay
    @maxellmilay 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is amazing! I previously took a course on computer logic, but this video and that software makes learning more intuitive by visualizing each step of constructing the building blocks of the computer

  • @CommandrMoose
    @CommandrMoose 3 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    What I love about these videos is that they talk about programming concepts in a easy to digest way without talking down to the audience. You very much feel like you're learning alongside Sebastian, even if he's over simplifying concepts for the sake of a video. This is easily one of the best programming related channels on TH-cam.

  • @dragofand
    @dragofand 2 ปีที่แล้ว +89

    omg, calling the sign bit "-8x" makes so much sense! None of my professors taught it that way! I'd always kind of struggle because I had to remember the formula/steps to get the 2's complement, but thinking of it as -8x just takes that need away!!

    • @ShipleyConcrete
      @ShipleyConcrete ปีที่แล้ว

      I based my numerals off of two's complement

    • @deafanddumb6329
      @deafanddumb6329 ปีที่แล้ว

      here here

    • @sharafmakahleh4125
      @sharafmakahleh4125 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If you want to really understand how it works, look at 9's and 10's complement in the 10-digit system. That blew my mind away
      Instead of subtracting two numbers like
      75-31 = 44
      1-We can subtract and add a 100 (10's complement, like one's complement in binary):
      75-(-100+31) - 100
      2-Then we prepare for 9's complement(easier to work with because it's like inverting each digit):
      75 - (-99+31) +1 -100
      (75 + 68)+1-100
      3- We do the calculation, then minus 100 (that's why we delete the carry at the final step)
      (143+1) -100
      144 -100 = 44

  • @UntrainableWizard
    @UntrainableWizard ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This 18 minute video taught me, and explained to me, more about bits and computing than my entire Computing course in college...
    Genuinely, from the very bottom of my heart- Thank you.

  • @di4352
    @di4352 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I've gone through NAND2Tetris and Ben Eater's videos, and your simulated approach is by far the most intuitive and simple to watch.

  • @NatnatXS
    @NatnatXS 3 ปีที่แล้ว +185

    How can even you get anytihng done with that cute cat trying to catch the things on the monitor ._.

    •  3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      I have an almost identical one, just a bit darker in the colors, and she sleeps on me and purrs when she is not chasing my cursor on the screen )

    • @vibaj16
      @vibaj16 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      my friend was trying to do something with photoshop, and his can ran across his keyboard. It messed a lot of things up.

    • @serenityenderson
      @serenityenderson 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Only a dog person would say that... :p

    • @chromosoze
      @chromosoze 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@vibaj16 you keep that as a pet? usually we eat from them

    • @benurm2390
      @benurm2390 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@chromosoze lol he was eating from it

  • @shaytal100
    @shaytal100 3 ปีที่แล้ว +258

    Such a neat little program you got there! This would be so nice for schools.
    A program where you have nothing but an AND gate and an inverter at the start. While you learn you build your own more and more complex components and some little pocket calculator at the end? Would be cool to have 7-segment displays where you have to build the logic for as well!

    • @lucasfranco1758
      @lucasfranco1758 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Do you know the name of it?

    • @ohwowlovely5496
      @ohwowlovely5496 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      @@lucasfranco1758 I think he programmed it himself.

    • @LucasHussey
      @LucasHussey 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@lucasfranco1758 Check the description!

    • @lucasfranco1758
      @lucasfranco1758 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@LucasHussey Thanks!

    • @efulmer8675
      @efulmer8675 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      I suggest checking out the game "Turing Complete" if you liked this simulation of his and wanted to learn more. It's exactly this but it steps you through everything from circuit logic all the way up to programming on your own (simulated) home-built computer.

  • @Unverwertbar
    @Unverwertbar 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    How are you so good at programming and technology yet at the same time such a great educator, videographer and animator?! I love all of your content and want to thank you sincerely for creating it with such amazing depth, structure, aesthetics and attention to detail!

  • @kingoffire9373
    @kingoffire9373 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Using your simulator program and following along with the video I would have to say I have learned a lot about logic gates. I always understood what the names meant and kinda how they worked with the truth tables, but breaking it down in this way and using just the AND and NOT gates to create the rest of them and then build an adder really drove home the logic, thank you!

  • @dennisabrioljr.9333
    @dennisabrioljr.9333 3 ปีที่แล้ว +88

    He explains all my semester's lessons in just 18 minutes in more comprehensive way. Thank you very much🇵🇭😆

  • @Lucius.Hercules
    @Lucius.Hercules 3 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    hey Sebastian! I just got into software engineering at my local uni !! I just wanted to say that you were a big part of that decision. Your exploration of computing has completely captured my interest and guided me on my own little programming explorations.
    Cheers! Jonah :)

    • @Lucius.Hercules
      @Lucius.Hercules 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      also this ALU design takes me back to trying to make a 4 bit adder in minecraft years ago. im super excited for the next episode :))

  • @lonelydoraiba
    @lonelydoraiba ปีที่แล้ว

    This channel is incredibly valuable. Part of me wants you to monetize half this video or the rest of the series behind a paywall but the other part of is sincerely grateful to you for having sought out this knowledge and organized it so well in your own mind that it influences and motivates someone like me to become intensely focused on the information and knowledge provided.
    Thank you!

  • @gauravdeshmukh9608
    @gauravdeshmukh9608 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best explanation ever of all times, cleared my doubts which I am having since years, thank you so much :)

  • @knowledgedh7700
    @knowledgedh7700 3 ปีที่แล้ว +265

    This is embarrassing within 2 minutes you explained basic "and" and "not" gates 100% better than what my uni did for me, i had a course i struggled with greatly in which my tutor always mocked me for not understanding what he taught. But the difference is that this is better than my course and is free, and my course is more expensive and much worse at explaining. I'm considering sending this anonymously to my university course coordinator to show how embarrassing the teaching methods that we pay for are taught significantly more poorly than a free youtube video, this is making it very hard for me to consider staying in the course considering i am a third year and feel like ive learnt it all myself through the Internets free resources.

    • @CraftBasti
      @CraftBasti 3 ปีที่แล้ว +33

      Do it. Not necessarily to embarrass anyone, but maybe they can learn and improve with it. Or show it instead of class. In any case a win for future struggling students

    • @knowledgedh7700
      @knowledgedh7700 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@CraftBasti hopefully they can improve just very much in a shitty mood at the moment because am in an examination period, so that was just purely me venting cause my first initial emotion to this video was not a very kind one towards my uni

    • @CraftBasti
      @CraftBasti 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@knowledgedh7700 I understand you, I went through the same not to long ago. I wish you the best

    • @knowledgedh7700
      @knowledgedh7700 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@CraftBasti thankyou, means a lot

    • @stevenwoerpel1884
      @stevenwoerpel1884 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      as a tutor myself, your tutor is SHIT for belittling you for not knowing the course content. That is literally exactly what tutors are not suppose to do, and the exact reason why the tutee is there in the first place.

  • @applekid6275
    @applekid6275 3 ปีที่แล้ว +468

    My god that may be the cutest cat I've ever seen in my life

  • @jinks908
    @jinks908 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is as good as an educational video can be. Truly. You have a gift, sir. Amazing content and I am now I LOYAL subscriber.

  • @akshatsahay9015
    @akshatsahay9015 3 ปีที่แล้ว +36

    This 18 minute video sums up combinational logic in a *significantly* better way than my university's Intro to Digital Design course. Well done!

  • @sparingatom89
    @sparingatom89 2 ปีที่แล้ว +88

    After years of trying to learn this stuff I finally understand. your teaching approach is incredible. Please continue the series!!

  • @mtx993
    @mtx993 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent! Introduction to digital logic, I will be watching all your videos.- Thanks for all the work you did into making these videos.- m

  • @TomLeclercq
    @TomLeclercq ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Sebastian!
    I really like your videos! I ended up on the very first one cominfrom the 8 segments display :D
    Such a good ; it's very lovely - Keep up the good work
    Cheers

  • @SadaqatullahNoonari
    @SadaqatullahNoonari 3 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    I am a computer programmer with 7 years of professional experience. I felt like sitting in class back in the day. Amazing nostalgic experience. Keep building brother. Waiting for part two of this.

  • @andrewdrost6786
    @andrewdrost6786 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    I've been taught this stuff so many times, but this is the first time that I've actually learned it.

  • @hszt4414
    @hszt4414 ปีที่แล้ว

    I catch myself getting back to your video on semi-monthly basis, its so calming and adicitivly developing

  • @user-ym7un8bn2i
    @user-ym7un8bn2i 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is spectecular, it's fascinating! Not only your voice and temp is so relaxing and chill, but the way how you bind boolean algebra and computer electronics with arithmetics is just fascinating! I have noticed some correlations between binary addition and some specific boolean operations as well, but thinking that arithmetic itself is built on top of combining these foundational operations into higher-level abstractions is just outstanding and gives a deeper glimpse into the design of lower-level languages like C and explains why overflowing numbers sets them to zero.

    • @surplusvalue3271
      @surplusvalue3271 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      it is such a great feeling when things start making sense!

  • @frollard
    @frollard 3 ปีที่แล้ว +42

    You can't trick us! This is a cat video disguised as education!

  • @sirdocc6735
    @sirdocc6735 2 ปีที่แล้ว +107

    I gotta say. Its incredible how condensed and smooth your explanation of the matter is. I needed about 4h to understand these fundamentals and ironically your video featured information completely new to me. Only roadblock for me was the speed at which everything was going. If I wouldn't know the things discussed beforehand I'd need multiple watches and attpempts at recreation to understand properly. But that is a personal problem. The video is hands down excellent. Keep it up :D

    • @The_Troll
      @The_Troll ปีที่แล้ว

      Just for fun try clicking the Settings gear at the bottom right and changing the Playback speed to .75 or even .50. It does give you more time to think.

    • @Kopczak1995
      @Kopczak1995 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Remember that our guy needed to
      1. Understand concept himself
      2. Mess around with real life circuits enough to be sure what he's doing
      3. Needed to prepare a lot of material and codes before he showed us something
      This video is but a short summary of what Sebastian learned (tho in a damn cool way). Don't be ashamed that it take you time to learn. To create such videos, especially if someone say he just learned it (big thumbs up here!), there was a lot of hours sank to create "measly" 20 minutes of content.
      I would be darn impressed for someone to learn complex concepts of logical operators from a scratch without a prior knowledge about that or IT in general in 30 minutes.

  • @omaralyalgohary1995
    @omaralyalgohary1995 ปีที่แล้ว

    i just watched this before my logic design exam, absolutely magnificent how much you explained in one video , thanks alot

  • @ammarazlanaimstuniversity930
    @ammarazlanaimstuniversity930 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent tutorial! Very clean and clear explanation with easy to understand languange and nice pace.

  • @_mickmccarthy
    @_mickmccarthy 3 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    Haven't actually watched anything yet but hoping this becomes a series!

  • @CaioVelenosi
    @CaioVelenosi 3 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    This is one of the best node editors I've ever seen! Love how you can organize and branch the connections so easily.

  • @primeix
    @primeix ปีที่แล้ว

    This is one of the best explanations I have ever seen! Thank you so much for making this!

  • @FISI_Deutschland
    @FISI_Deutschland ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much for this video! Very easy explained and very informative. Thank you so much! And you Sim is also great! I will share it with my classmates.

  • @mekafinchi
    @mekafinchi 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    As someone who’s put a lot of time into computer architecture, I’m excited to see how you explain things :)
    Edit: Well done, I hope to see this continue.

  • @cq5857
    @cq5857 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    These explanations are amazing. Which teachers had to be as compelling as you! Even your 2-s complement explanation was so clean and really gave a deep understanding of the relationship of the numbers in binary

  • @little1133
    @little1133 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Watching this with no prior experience with this aspect of computers. Yet I completely understand! You explain things so well.

  • @keokawasaki7833
    @keokawasaki7833 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey! Turns out I didn't watch your video before starting to work on my own little boolean circuit simulation. It has come quite far, allowing non-sequential circuits and even sharing of circuits with a link.
    I will be watching your project closely to see how you tackle the ui problems; your work is truly amazing ^^

  • @znefas
    @znefas 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    This has summed up everything from two weeks' worth of Computing BTEC College lessons into 18 minutes, in the most intuitive way I've ever seen! Amazing and interesting content, I love it!

  • @chatter2765
    @chatter2765 3 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    This kinda makes me appreciate my calculator and all the complexity explained in these "How computer works" vids shows that we've taken them for granted.
    Thanks for the vid

  • @DavidLindes
    @DavidLindes ปีที่แล้ว

    I happened to know I think everything in here, and yet... this was amazing. I loved watching it, and especially, I love the idea of sharing it with others I know who _don't_ already know this stuff. This seemed like an amazing explanation, and I hope it will be received at least half as well as I'm hoping. Thanks for this!!!

    • @DavidLindes
      @DavidLindes ปีที่แล้ว

      P.S. Oh, could you also add a link to From NAND to Tetris to your description? I found it easily enough, but I had to go back through the video to find the spot where you mentioned it (4:22), so I could remember what it was called -- I remembered that you'd mentioned a video series I hadn't seen, and was going to just find it in the description, but when I looked, I found Ben Eater's videos (with which I was already familiar), but failed to find anything new to me. So, humble suggestion to add it!

  • @bombswabs3041
    @bombswabs3041 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow just came across this on the random. You're teaching skills are off the charts. It makes so much sense they way its explained.

  • @YMandarin
    @YMandarin 3 ปีที่แล้ว +37

    I've never seen someone working out two's complement directly

  • @akmzahidulislam2764
    @akmzahidulislam2764 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The most clever presentation I have ever seen or could imagine on this complex topic.
    Great stuff!

  • @zainahmad5701
    @zainahmad5701 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir ♡ :) You cleared all my confusions and simulation tool is very understandable. Keep it up!

  • @willjenkinson1682
    @willjenkinson1682 18 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Wow, I had no idea you could make all of that just basically out of the two 'and' and 'not' physical logic gates you showed at the beginning. What a fantastic video

  • @spynderMK
    @spynderMK 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    MY GOD I LOVE THIS SO MUCH. Teaching, showing, explaining, everything! Please continue, this is A+ material so far!

  • @anilaxsus6376
    @anilaxsus6376 3 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    Damn, am i the only one who feels like this video ended on a cliff hanger ? I like this project, thumbs up man.

  • @mehulkasliwal7036
    @mehulkasliwal7036 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My man you deserve all the praise and respect in the world. This was literally the best explanation for how computers work.

  • @worldmadjoshglad4527
    @worldmadjoshglad4527 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am a complete noob with this stuff however I downloaded your program and having some fun with it even though I have little to no Idea what I am doing right now. Thank you Sebastian!

  • @markhaus
    @markhaus 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Wow this is BY FAR the most concise explanation of twos complement I’ve ever seen. In college I think this took over an hour. PLEAAASE expand this series further and show the implementation and explanation of other parts of the computer like sequential logic, to counters to registers to memory etc and continue on the combinational side like you did with adders to the rest of the ALU to instruction decoding, bus control, etc

  • @alfieranst
    @alfieranst 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Your content is literally exactly what I’m interested in right now - like I just spent the last three hours watching Ben eater and then this is a perfect summary of what I learnt

  • @PNovak87
    @PNovak87 ปีที่แล้ว

    i keep on watching videos for introduction for coding but i end up on vids like this that TRULY peak my interest. i’m not sure what that tells me, but i’m in love with this.

  • @dominicarps715
    @dominicarps715 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful stuff, excited to see how it continues to scale up. That's the part I'm least familiar with

  • @b0b1goat2
    @b0b1goat2 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    This is one of the coolest videos I've seen in a really long time, keep up the great work!

  • @iansarmiento23
    @iansarmiento23 3 ปีที่แล้ว +77

    I'm legit nerding out right now cause I understand everything you're saying

    • @iXenox
      @iXenox 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      me too

    • @Alizavr
      @Alizavr 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      honestly the best feeling

    • @evanherriges4042
      @evanherriges4042 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      same

  • @carlosbah4623
    @carlosbah4623 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow. How I couldn't find this incredible channel before!!! ¡Gracias por compartir!

  • @uglyrat623
    @uglyrat623 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    oh my God this is the #1 video that actually makes sense out of basically 1 million other videos that try to explain

  • @KnottyHarp
    @KnottyHarp 3 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Can't belive I took a logic circuits course months ago just to see how simple the basics (in application) are here. Well done, sir!

  • @zekss07
    @zekss07 3 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    NOOOOO I've found interesting series when it only started!!! now i'll have to wait for other episodes :(

    • @Mastermeida
      @Mastermeida 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I found it 4 months later. Which is mildly better.

    • @beepbeepimasheep237beepbee3
      @beepbeepimasheep237beepbee3 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Welp, looks like he should continue this series.

  • @Medusacururu
    @Medusacururu 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This video is gold! Thank you so much for the explanation.

  • @manuelmoralessoler8258
    @manuelmoralessoler8258 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I have been strugling to undesrtstand that deep level of computing, i used to ask my brother who is studying computer science and it would always be difficult for him to put it into words and i have been searching for information and looking for books to explain and i think i have finally reach the channel where i will find some answer. Thanks a lot!

  • @lillysk6254
    @lillysk6254 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you sooo much for this vd 😇!! It was just amazing..ur conceptual understanding is so deep, I really would love to understand concepts in much deeper level like u ...u are truly an inspiration to me 🙌!!

  • @guidovitali6899
    @guidovitali6899 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thanks so much man, I'm starting to approach the wonders of the computer universe, and you gave me the best introduction I could possibly get. I've never been so hyped for something like I am now for the next episode of this series, keep up with the fantastic work!

    • @SebastianLague
      @SebastianLague  3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Happy to hear it! Next episode will be up soon :)

    • @aidenross6814
      @aidenross6814 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@SebastianLague *8 months later*

  • @alexgo4467
    @alexgo4467 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I JUST WANT TO SAY YOU ARE FREAKING AMAZING! Like seriously as soon as i can afford to i am donating money to your project asap. THIS IS SINGLE-HANDEDLY THE MOST AMAZING SOFTWARE I HAVE SEEN IN FOR EVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Please continue your amazing works. You have my absolute support. I'm also your new subscriber!