***Upcoming Episodes*** Since the schedule on the episode got messed up, here's the *current* version, note that anything more than a month out sometimes has a date change or title revision :) 23-Feb-23 ep383 Journey to Alpha Centauri 2-Mar-23 ep384 Space Habitats 9-Mar-23 ep385 Intergalactic Voyages 12-Mar-23 ep385a Surviving An Apocalypse 16-Mar-23 ep386 The Future of Archeology 23-Mar-23 ep387 Hacking the Simultation 30-Mar-23 ep388 Advanced Spaceship Drive Compendium 6-Apr-23 ep389 Galactic Habitable Zones 13-Apr-23 ep390 Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors 16-Apr-23 ep390a Super Weapons 20-Apr-23 ep391 Colonizing Giant Moons 27-Apr-23 ep392 Smart Cities 4-May-23 ep393 Fermi Paradox: Hunting/Searching for Dyson Spheres 11-May-23 ep394 Common Misconceptions About Space & The Universe 14-May-23 ep394a Hive Worlds 18-May-23 ep395 Hungry Aliens 25-May-23 ep396 Warping Reality 1-Jun-23 ep397 Colonizing the Kuiper Belt 8-Jun-23 ep398 Space Towers
What stunnes me most of all... how can the fundamental "energy" as for example our dear atoms... how they can build us.. arrange and move to make us.. it is not like they have a brain and advanced enough agreement and communication system or even sight or hearing or senses... how..just.. wow.! That and indeed how anything exists at all... My two most mind-blowing... " ? " And women.. naturally. 💓😉👍 With best wishes for you and yours. ✨️
Hacking the simulation should reference the stellaris precursor empire that committed planned civilization-wide suicide in an attempt to unplug from the simulation
Infinite versions of me are eating a infinite amount of snacks while watching a infinite amount of Isaac Arthur content. Because there are no verson of reality where i dont watch this show!
Terry Pratchett's Long Earth series explores the idea of an infinite unpopulated multiverse -"The books explore the theme of how humanity might develop when freed from resource constraints: one example Pratchett has cited is that wars result from lack of land, and he was curious as to what would happen if there was no shortage of land or other resources."
If you liked this series of books you would love Craig Alanson's Expeditionary Force series, would recommend the audio books version as the narration is brilliant 👍
In a post-scarcity universe, the only things that would be valuable would be intellectual properties and complex devices, since anything physical would be easily reproducible, and this would probably radically alter people's behaviors, because most of us spend our current time accumulating resources, and we would need something else to do !
There's probably a version of me who became a multiversal conqueror, bringing peace and prosperity across countless universes through armies of ages assembled from across time and space, yet who in his spare time would still watch a video from alternate versions of Isaac Arthur talking about this exact scenario.
In Warhammer 40k one Orc warboss travelled trough time to fight his own posse and himself. For a good fight and to get another one of his favorite weapons..
Thanos does that in one story arc too, it's got a bit of a 'there are no more worthy enemy's to face, so why not battle myself?" flavor that's better than the default evil twin approach
If we lose to the Ant Universe, I for one, welcome our new insect overlords. I’d like to remind them that as a trusted TV personality I can be helpful in rounding up others to tool in their underground sugar cave.
ha ha ha.... thats the kind of line someone says as they are locking you in a cage in their basement, or going through your trash to find memento's. j/k
Any time someone talks about Copenhagen, I remember reading Stephen Baxter talk about the Friends of Wigner. That the observer himself is also a quantum event, and he requires a friend to observe him to see what he actually observed from the possibilities, and that friend requires a friend to observer him, and so and and so on, until at some point, you would reach the final, ultimate friend, the observer that collapses the quantum states of every possibility that has ever happened in the universe, collapsing the multiverse into a single timeline.
Or........the Copenhagen interpretation was created by fallible humans who came up with something that simply sounded better than saying "I don't know."
@@michaelmoran6364 Warhammer 500,000 million, when the 50,000th chaos god is finally born, Matt ward, reviving the Ultramarines and one shotting everyone else, because obviously they are the best and leading humanity to rule the universe because did I mention the ultramarines are the best?
This episode reminds me of a short set of stories in the SCP Foundation called Project Palisade. A prime version of the aforementioned Foundation invents a device that creates alternate universes and its through this device that they find out that 1) the prime timeline is but a speck in the multiverse around it and 2) a higher plane of universes are having a war that humanity can never comprehend and a shrapnel of a weapon launched from a grunt in that war is launched directly at the prime timeline and humanity assumes its a universe-ending threat so they used the universe creating machine to create the titular palIsade: a bunch of universes to shield the prime timeline from that shrapnel.
@@ianharrison5758 some are, some aren't. While they create these universes, they experiment with some in order to develop something called reality stability (the capacity of a given universe to survive extrauniversal sources of destruction)
Re: previous iterations of the universe: one of the origins for Unicron was that he ate the previous universe before going into a dormant state, but missed the last remnants for whatever reason, allowing it to respawn. So a hypothetical Marvel/Transformers crossover could result in a Unicron vs Galactus showdown, one or the other says "Time for Round 2."
I wanted to make so quantum-related joke, but in this reality I will simply note that somehow your videos have an ASMR effect on me and thus are both educational and relaxing at the same time!
I actually have a problem with falling asleep during them (despite finding them interesting). There are a few other channels I've noticed the effect from, all of which I actually enjoy. I think that it may have something to do with the rhythm and cadence of the speaker. In one case, it's actually a DCS flight sim channel. I think that it may be the "highway hypnosis" effect of the constant jet engine sounds.
Forget the amazing ideas for overall topics you come up with on your own and / or with whatever outside stimulus you also experience, I am blown away how well you are able to provide so much more to expand upon those ideas into possible ways to achieve it with technology we may or may not even have yet plus probably a couple of ways we may NOT be able to and then remind us how much we simply can't imagine just like people from barely a hundred years ago would see much of today like literally beyond what "crazy" stuff we thought we knew at the time. Your videos are absolutely wonderful to watch and listen to! 🤯 ❤️😁🙃
Maybe it's because I have been listening to the great book, but at around 18m15s, you say an exact quote from it. Specifically, from the great wise man who sits on top of poles spring, summer and autumn. "You can only know what you can know". Such great Arthurs.
This reminds me of a book I read a few decades ago about two civilizations that discover the mulriverse and eventually meet and go to war. Once if was classic fantasy is dragons, magic, the other was an advanced civ. No longer remember that series was.
For the parents: your toddler is in a nice clean room you turn your back to the toddler for one second. By no longer observing the toddler they have entered a super position of mess. All possible messes the toddler can make has in fact been made. And it is your observation that causes the mess to leave that super position. Thus if you look the mess will in fact be your fault. So have a partner look first, then you can blame them for making the mess.
Most of them would be mundane. I think a lot of the tourism/scientific interest would be for those weird universes where insanely unlikely things happen in mundane situations... like one where someone assembles a bunch of monkeys and they actually do produce the complete works of shakespeare. Downside is... as soon as all the multiverse aliens come to check out this bizarre anomaly, the whole place will collapse into a black hole. Moral of the story? If you see a monkey start to type out shakespeare, be warned: The end is nigh.
We don't use beta decay in any clocks that I'm aware of. We do use beta decay to produce random digits. We use cesium and excite one (or more, I'm not entirely sure) of its electrons to a higher state, and then use the time it takes to "decay" to a lower state as the basis of timekeeping. We also define a second now as some multiple of that tiny time unit for a Cesium-60 atom's electron(s).
I think a little plug for the Long Earth series needs to be gently inserted here. It would be a good answer for the Fermi Paradox as far as aliens are concerned but leaves us with the question: "Where are all the humans?"
They have a lot more resources but they also have a lot more space to expand into, disproportionately more space in fact as the volume of space they would have to colonize rises with the cube of the number of universes they claim, whereas the number of resources they have only rises as the first power of the number of universes they claim.
The actually weird thing in Copenhagen interpretation is that it is assumed that the superposition "ends" when you observe it, instead of you "splitting" into versions that coexist next to each other. There is no reason for this assumption, other than "That can't be right, this conflicts with my world view". As far as I know, there hasn't been a proven upper limit on how many things can be entangled in a superposition, and the reason for this is easily shown by imagining yourself standing in another box, when you go to check on Schrödingers Cat. Schrödinger is outside that other box, and you are in a superposition which "inherited" the superposition when the cat's superposition "collapsed" by you opening the cat's box, from his perspective, whereas "to yourself" you are not, and the superposition is just "gone" or "collapsed". One could then project that out further, and say that each time any superposition happens, this is part of the entire universe, and once it "collapses", the universe itself just "inherits" that superposition... ... And look where we are going! It's the Many Worlds Interpretation! What?! Whom?! Yeah. As I understand it, Copenhagen is just Many Worlds, with an arbitrary extra rule (and resulting complications) to preserve whatever notion they had of a consistent universe. If you spot mistakes, please let me know, always happy to learn :) (As the saying goes, I love being right so much, I change my mind when I am wrong^^) P.S. Excuse the long sentences. German is my first language. I'm sorry. P.P.S.: This is not my original thought, this is just a compression of discussions I have read so far. Can probably find at least one link, if curious. P.P.P.S. Turns out, Isaac mentioned roughly this. Since he later says that people just "pick favorites", I'll leave this here. While we don't know which Theory is true, some are logically infeasible.
When I see "Multiverse Warfare", it reminds me of the trilogy of Philip Pullman - His Dark Materials.Not very scientific story (not to mention kinda controversial 😅), but still - I like how the author imagined the beings that evolved differently in the parallel worlds, and how even four legged critters can develop human level of consciousness. As long as they have some "creative" limbs, like we have hands, they can become consious and develop at least some sort of primitive technology (fire, metal casting, some sort of wheels, maybe biotech, flight etc). It makes me wonder if we will ever find such beings someday ... somewhere. I guess time will show. Thanks for the episode!
Saw Kang last night and it was pretty funny , decently good movie. Low key (no pun intended) Kang is the best part of the McU right now. Kang and Dr.Doom are the best antihero’s imo.
@Higgs Bonbon meh , they got big and think they don’t have to try. Likely waiting out till they get X-men to really go ham with mutants because at this point it’s kinda sus they haven’t shown up, plus the secret invasion and all that not too far off. Basically filler time but it’s not “bad” per say
I remember an Asimov story I read as a kid. The primary protagonists were weird aliens in another universe, some kind of floating blobs that could phase in and out of each other. The story centered on their contact with earth scientists on the other side of a dimensional gate. Due to different fundamental constants in our respective universes, we could never survive any "travel" between universes, but the differential between universes allowed some energy extraction or something. However, in the long run, the bleed over of reality from our universes would cool atomic processes on their side and heat them up on our. Their chief scientist hoped that we wouldn't figure that out before our sun went nova, giving them an actually unlimited energy source by just opening a portal. Anyone else remember that one?
Not exactly like that, it means on average you will find yourself in an average location of the universe. Applied further, we could expect most other universes to be similar to our own
I just came across your channel and this video. Highly enjoyed it. And definitely love to shout out to my other favorite channel comics explained. He also educated me a lot on the multiverse and all things comics. I will continue to be a view of your channel and a new sub. Look forward to your future content
I am 22 seconds in, and my thought is, I could spend a few weeks watching SFIA videos, and have the raw material for a series of awesome SF novels. Which I have no time to write. But, Isaac, you are in the fictional acknowledgements of my fictional novel.
I find it amusing how many of us think war would actually be fought on such a scale. If beings had the power to do such a thing they'd most likely look upon war as something primitive alien species struggle with in early development.
I'm pretty sure the only people who say things like that believe that they're entirely rational, and that everyone else is, too. Which ignores a few details: The same facts applied by different values yields different preferred outcomes, even when everybody is rational; the relative worth of different desirable things isn't subject to logic; and most people don't make all their decisions rationally, nor should they be expected to. And from a darwinist standpoint, ideas that claim they aren't worth killing for will lose to ideas that claim they are.
I was way earlier but my alternate self turned into a dog and made a ruckus in front of my window in order to prevent a butterfly effect that would've wiped out this timeline.
I am just wondering about your mind. How refreshing to find a functioning, ordered intellect. Would you mind sharing a bit of your background illustrating perhaps just what has led to your outlook and understanding of matters? I find every one of your presentations fascinating. Thank -you so much!!! I thoroughly enjoy listening to someone more intelligent than myself who provides many new avenues of thought for me to wonder through!
The upcoming videos list is a mess - March including 'super soldiers' episode and 'journey to alpha centauri'. Super soldiers already aired and journey to alpha centauri is planned to February
Yeah I think it got accidentally copied on when I was doing it, I had to correct it in a couple after and thought I'd done this one too. I'll post the current list as a pinned post momentarily
I always wanted an April Fools episode of the TV show "Sliders", where they jump into the portal and end up in one of the MANY, much more likely, Earths where the planet didn't form at all, or didn't have life. IRL, I consider Multiverse ideas to be on the same level as Religious claims; unfalsifiable fun, but not science.
They did end up on lifeless Earth's twice that I can recall. The first universe that Quinn landed in where San Francisco was devoid of life and was a frozen hell with ice tornados. There was a second episode where they did land on an Earth where complex life didn't take hold and it was mostly barren. They also landed on an Earth where everything was gigantic and they were being chased by a carnivorous bunny the size of a truck. 😆
Even in the Copenhagen interpretation (which is obviously wrong), you know the outcome the moment any light or other energy interactions causally reach you (at the speed of light) after the "observer" opens the box. Just because you don't see the observer doesn't mean the outcome of the collapse hasn't affected you, and, because it has affected you (lightspeed x distance) time after the observer opened the box, there's no superposition persisting because of YOUR uncertainty as a conscious being. The matter and energy around you "knows" (has been causally affected by) the reality the observer encountered, even if you remain ignorant.
On a long enough timeline, the probability of shuffling a completely ordered deck goes to 1. - I. Arthur But, so does the likelihood of being unalived. - The Narrator (Fight Club)
Hey so I've got an idea for a paradox drive, on this topic: Cause a paradox, and make the path of least-resistance involve propelling something. Spaceship I'm thinking. Clarketech, but maybe there's something. If you've got time travel, this might work.
"Give it to Joe, Joe can fix it. He's the best quantum mechanic in the system." From the move Forbidden Planet, 1956 and spoken by Leslie Nielsen before he was famous for saying stupid things in the Airplane and Police Squad movies.
It's worth pointing out that Leslie Nielsen in _Airplane_ was very much cast against type, even if he spent the rest of his career doing comedy and parody.
@@boobah5643 And I'm so glad he did. Lloyd Bridges and Peter Graves were also dramatic actors that took on comedic roles later in his career. Granted, some of their dramatic films were riffing fodder for MST3K and Rifftrax, but they more than made up for it in comedy.
@mr.dalliard1819 See Nielsen in _Day of the Animals_ for a riff-worthy (supposedly) dramatic role, just three years before _Airplane._ Rifftrax have it up for free (the whole movie) on their TH-cam channel. It tries so _very_ hard.
So is there any "long root" examples of travel across different incarnations of Universes like how Galactus learned to exploit the Phoenix Force to protect him between Universal death and creation events essentially allowing him to go the long way between one universe and another?
Brother Soldier, thanks once again for another excellent video. -Your placement of “Red Giant” by Stellardrone was superb! -I’d like to say this, also: I, speaking solely for myself, miss the math. I’m not a physicist. I am not a mathematician. But, out of a 30 minute video, your throwing an equation on the screen and taking 30 seconds to explain it, serves to “hammer home” that your mission is in fact based in actual science. -Hope you and yours are well. -C.
Last I checked, the MCU still followed a core rule of Futurama's time travel; a time travel duplicate is always doomed. Although apparently with the caveat that the doomed copy can avoid an early end if the local original is killed instead - see Gamora for this. She was already dead so the replacement isn't (probably) doomed. But the alternate Nebua? Doomed. The time heist crew left the past and canceled out the doom, while Captian America just laid low until he caught back up with the MCU present, and his local original was frozen solid most of the time.
Michael Moorcock's Eternal Champion series covers this (in a more fantasy, not so much science fiction standpoint)...and he is the one who coined the term multiverse (last I checked). In the Corum cycle the 'gods' basically closed off a couple dozen universes so it was a cul-de-sac/closed off from the bigger multiverse: which made 'scaling' (moving between the universes) in scaling ships into/out of the group difficult: effectively making an absurd 'castle' defense around your own universes.
@@isaacarthurSFIA indeed. They don't get the credit they deserve. Although, I'd tend to think there is a trans-universal fermi paradox that comes up if we don't take the Copenhagen approach: IF universes/realities can be bridges/crossed...where is everybody? Even a Kardeshev I/II civilization could achieve the ability before gaining control of their entire universe (or even a dozen galaxies). One could envision the K1 civilization that discovers inter-universal travel and uses it to exploit 10k other Earth's for various resources: never leaving their solar system. . ...Let alone a Kardeshev III/IV or beyond that just does the same but rather than 1 planet: entire galaxies. ...It would seem to posit either its too abstract/difficult a feat to achieve; that copenhagen principle is correct (and they may as well not exist) or that life is so incredibly, stupidly unlikely, that the chance intelligence at our level even arising across a multiverse is unlikely.
My hunch is that multiverse travel would respect continuity and adjacency, just like traveling in the three physical and one temporal dimensions we are familiar with. Meaning to travel somewhere you must pass through the intervening space, and that the space you pass through has no instantaneous changes to it's state, but rather is broadly similar to the space next to it. In whole, this means that mininum-effort travel to a new universe would land us in a universe minimally different. One in which an identical copy of ourselves had just departed, making the net effect of our decision to travel meaningless. It may be possible to travel "further" in this dimensional space, but require an energy proportional to altering our own universe to match the target destination.
After considering the issues with infinite improbability one may come to the conclusion that the idea essentially handwaves all of reality. I think this is the correct conclusion and should be neither alarming nor otherwise consequential as it only exemplifies something we already knew: That nothing can truly be known and we can only do our best.
David Weber has series "Hell's Gate" in which two separate civilizations have been colonizing a string of worlds (each connected copies of each other in separate dimensions). One faction is science based (even having telepaths), while the other is magic based. They meet in the middle and accidentally start a war (war is Hell) with each other. As one travels along the chain of connected worlds, the physics of the worlds gradually changes between magical and technological (with one's power/relevance waxing and waning accordingly).
i know this channel isn't normally a movie review channel, I think a review/explanation of Tenet would be great... the inverted entropy and following characters around is super fascinating
A friend of mine is writing a story in which a country in one alternate Earth is planning a sneak-attack invasion of a less-developed country which occupies the same territory on another Earth. They don't know that a *_more_* advanced country on a third Earth has learned about this and is planning to surprise *_them._* That strikes me as a lot of Earths, I dunno....
And in many universes we have Isaac teaching others with SFIA, and in others becoming the Emperor of Mankind and All The Universes. All good universes I am assured of. Another informative episode as always Isaac.
I don't believe the Copenhagen interpretation means reality only exists when you observe it. We have shared understanding of the appearances of the objects around us, which means objects manifest the same way when observed -- it therefore doesn't just change depending on the observer, otherwise that would not happen. We can look at art or history and see that. Plus different atoms manifest as different elements consistently throughout the universe, and that is confirmed by multiple observers in completely different tests. I believe that reality does a kind of graphics rendering -- each atom or object is already pre-programmed to manifest a certain way, but only does it when observed to save on memory. Which means we might be in a simulation.
I like to think that the universe is infinite in all directions, that whether you go left, up, north, or up or down the scale or up or down the timeline, eventually you'll find another Earth. Even if it's just infinite in one direction, it would remain true, as long as you're looking in that direction. Hard to get to those places/scales though, so it makes for a nigh impossible-to-traverse multiverse, but it makes more sense to me than slightly altering your vibration when each particle in your body vibrates at least a little differently from the rest already or universes budding off of the choices we make, given that those choices are entirely bound by the laws of physics in this universe.
"Observation" in regards to quantum stuff is a misnomer. A better word would be "interaction", particles "observe" other particles by interacting with them, and thus particles (or collections of particles) themselves act as observers for these experiments. In the act of interaction, all the measurement stuff is revealed.
Weirdly, I cut away from this for breaking points coverage of the ongoing fall out from that chem train derailment, and that's never happened with Arthursday before.... I just realized how close this was to Ashtabula. Are you guys okay?!
There are infinite number of universes where alternate versions of all the Isaac Arthur viewers managed to date scarlett Johansson. It boggles the mind.
@12:58 - don't be so sure. Just because we haven't measured it, doesn't mean all particles are the same, our measurements are only so precise… Also, it could be that there are infinitely many worlds and they all are exactly the same…
As a physicist, I despise most multiverse “theories” (MVT) to the bone. Your adding of Boltzmann brains to them entertained me so much I ended up laughing. But seriously, MVT not only goes against the grain of science, being untestable. It _kills_ science as the epistemic system. Why _c_ has the value it has? It just happened so in our MV branch, no point even thinking why. But this is also an answer to any scientific question! Instead of building coherent scientific theories brick by brick, we may turn to “explaining” stuff by infinitesimal probabilities blowing up to one in MVT. We only have to agree how many angels fit onto the atomic microscope's needle, and then invoke MVT to explain the number... It's fair to say that there exist sane and reasonable interpretation of Everett-style quantum branching interpretations of QM. But I have never heard of one for cosmological multiverses. Inflation is tantalizingly close to the theory that could explain a lot of things about the Universe structure. It _has to be probably true._ But its math went awry and cannot stop producing Universes. Steinhardt abandoned the _math,_ not the _idea_ of inflation, and went on searching for another underlying mechanism for it; what the math of the theory ended up with was unpalatable to him. The two other founders of the theory are totally fine with it, and have propped it into mainstream. I cannot imagine that Einstein, had his GR predicted spacetime packed with wormholes to the brim-not, say, just _allowed_ then but _required almost everywhere_ in spacetime-would just wave his hand and say, like, yeah, we just somehow I dunno how don't observe them, but it's fine, we must have _just happened_ to live in a wormhole-free patch of the infinity. This is about how sound the mainstream cosmic inflation theory currently is. I'm not saying inflation did not happen. It's too good to be false, or at least to want an attempt at the underlying _sensible_ theory. I'm talking about the mainstream underlying math theory and assumptions that “explain” inflation, producing an infinity of universes as a byproduct, an artifact. It makes no sense to theorize like this: we do not need inflation as an explanation if we accept that there is really an infinity of universes. We may say _it just happened so_ in our universe all the effects we ascribe to inflation: homogeneity, isotropy, flatness, whatever, _just happened by chance._ The mainstream theory of inflation have sharpened its own fatal Occam razor, for its unexpected byproduct, MVT, provides a much simpler explanation for the observed properties of the Universe. You don't need awfully complex math to derive nonsense. You can always simply postulate it.
27:15 Alright, i like a challenge, so here’s an argument in favor of temporal inertia: Just as random quantum phenomena like radioactive decay may even out into predictable macroscopic behaviors determined by the underlying laws of physics when observed in a large enough sample size, so too may long term trends in the universe behave according to physical laws that tend to smooth out any statistical anomalies that may arise. For an example of this, the theory of evolution. The specific mutations in any given person are effectively random, and as the genes you pass on become the genes of your children, you would expect one single mutation to change the entire future evolutionary line of the species. Yet this is rarely the case. While mutations themselves are random, the evolution of species over time follows predictable macroscopic patterns, often converging onto the same beneficial trait multiple times, as with the convergent evolution of the eye. These macroscopic trends occur as a result of pressures exerted by the environment and natural laws shaping these lifeforms, which demand certain outcomes by the very principles that drive them. Similarly, the life cycle of stars involves the chaotic and seemingly random movement of trillions upon trillions of gas molecules, each one moving according to chaotic and unpredictable quantum forces. Yet no matter which way those forces randomly push any particular particle, the outcome is going to be much the same everywhere in the universe, a homogenous outcome. Order born of chaos. I put it to you that human beings are physical systems who’s behavior exists as a product of physical forces and natural laws. That our minds, though seemingly unpredictable, are actually a part of a complex physical pattern, and that we ourselves simply lack the ability to understand the system of which we are ourselves apart because P != NP. But that our lack of understanding does not represent a lack of order, that whether we are knowing self-aware participants or not that we behave according to exacting physical laws that we too cannot break. That these natural patterns that govern human neurochemistry also structure the shape of our psychology, our sociology, or economics, and our history. That the structure of time is not a series of arbitrary causally disconnected events, but an intricate dance behaving according to strictly enforced equations that lead us inexorably to a singular destination, the only outcome that the underlying math governing whatever the truest form if physics may be demands. In essence, I put it you that we are not so much captains of our own ship as we are pieces of driftwood floating downstream. We like to imagine that we are the former because it allows us to feel in control of where we drift, and it allows us to believe that we can avoid the negative outcome of being washed up against the beach that we have watched so many other pieces of driftwood suffer. We find it difficult to acknowledge our own lack of agency because doing so forces us to confront our own helplessness. But like all rivers, ours leads inevitably to the ocean, we will not escape our fate, the river will not suddenly flow backwards, the driftwood will not grow legs and begin swimming, it will go to the place that the statistical laws governing it demand that it does. Over a long enough time span, all individual influence on the sequence of events is washed away, and all that remains is natural law. Humans did not evolve intelligence because one of our ancestors decided it would be great to be smart, we evolved intelligence because that is what the universal laws demanded of us, we could not have done anything else even if we tried. Even if our ancestor killed themselves, the outcome would have been the same. The specifics might have been different, we might be descended from Grog the Caveman instead of Throk the Caveman, but the end result of the more intelligent hominids surviving while the stupid died would have still remained, because neither Grog nor Throk were responsible for shaping that pressure, the universe itself was. And whatever was meant to be would inevitably come about, while anything that was not meant to be would not. There are physical causes to events, Grogs kids had good genes they got from Grog, but even if you break the causal chain a new link will simply forge itself to take its place. Because the chain was not made by you, it was not made by me, it was not made by us, it was forged by the universes natural predilection to assume that form, and they will strive to return to that form whenever active pressure is not being applied against it. Think of it like a sand castle on a beach. The beach wants to assume its preferred shape, flat and uniform. Human actions can disrupt this shape and make holes or build little hills of sand, but the tide inevitably comes in and washes it away, you can fight the tide and build trenches or walls to try and hold back the sea, but the moment you stop struggling it will take it anyway, and no matter how hard you try you won’t be there to maintain it forever, in the end the ocean always wins, the beach always returns to the shape in which the world had fashioned it, with no sign that you had ever been there at all. So hop into your time machine, go back a year ago, and build a sandcastle, then come back here and see how much of a difference it made, none at all. In the end, everything is forgotten, and in the fullness of time the weight of individual actions is washed away, in the end everyone dies, every civilization crumbles, every species goes extinct, the stars go out and the fire dies, the universe expands and the cosmos freeze, and everything that happens until then is just a brief statistical anomaly, a blip in the face of time to be followed by an eternity of identical nothingness. Every universe merges into one, the same physical laws guiding the same processes to the same natural conclusions. The odds are random but the outcomes aren’t. Flip a million coins and its still just 50/50. Every universe ends in the shape of a perfect statistical bellcurve, regardless of which outliers may have occurred where.
If there are infinite number of dimensions/sub-universes between which the travelling is possible, wouldn't everybody be always invaded by everybody else? Because if there's infinite number of universes with infinite number of invaders and infinite mumber of universes to invade...
two issues. one is that infinities can be big or bigger, so depending on that, invasions may not be common, but even if very common, there is a nonzero chance of no invasion, could be infinitesimal enough for the number to actually be 0 even with infinite candidates. the second is that interuniversal travel could work in such a way that it automatically branches out to an invaded and an uninvaded universe at one or both ends
Yeah, an important thing to know about math is that 'infinite' isn't a number, but a concept. Any given infinity can be bigger or smaller than another. The most obvious example: There is an infinite number of whole numbers; you can always take a whole number, add one, and repeat until you get a new whole number. By a similar token, there are an infinite number of even numbers; you can always take an even number, add two, and repeat until you get a new even number. It doesn't take very long to notice that there is one whole number between every even number, and the even numbers are also whole numbers, so there are twice as many whole numbers as even numbers. So even though there are an infinite number of each, one is still twice as large as the other. It turns out the same can be said for zero, which is why dividing by zero is, in the general sense, undefined (while there are a number of ways to define it in special cases.)
***Upcoming Episodes***
Since the schedule on the episode got messed up, here's the *current* version, note that anything more than a month out sometimes has a date change or title revision :)
23-Feb-23 ep383 Journey to Alpha Centauri
2-Mar-23 ep384 Space Habitats
9-Mar-23 ep385 Intergalactic Voyages
12-Mar-23 ep385a Surviving An Apocalypse
16-Mar-23 ep386 The Future of Archeology
23-Mar-23 ep387 Hacking the Simultation
30-Mar-23 ep388 Advanced Spaceship Drive Compendium
6-Apr-23 ep389 Galactic Habitable Zones
13-Apr-23 ep390 Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors
16-Apr-23 ep390a Super Weapons
20-Apr-23 ep391 Colonizing Giant Moons
27-Apr-23 ep392 Smart Cities
4-May-23 ep393 Fermi Paradox: Hunting/Searching for Dyson Spheres
11-May-23 ep394 Common Misconceptions About Space & The Universe
14-May-23 ep394a Hive Worlds
18-May-23 ep395 Hungry Aliens
25-May-23 ep396 Warping Reality
1-Jun-23 ep397 Colonizing the Kuiper Belt
8-Jun-23 ep398 Space Towers
This post should probably be pinned to the top. I've seen a couple of comments wondering about it.
What stunnes me most of all... how can the fundamental "energy" as for example our dear atoms... how they can build us.. arrange and move to make us.. it is not like they have a brain and advanced enough agreement and communication system or even sight or hearing or senses... how..just.. wow.!
That and indeed how anything exists at all...
My two most mind-blowing... " ? "
And women.. naturally. 💓😉👍
With best wishes for you and yours. ✨️
Hacking the simulation should reference the stellaris precursor empire that committed planned civilization-wide suicide in an attempt to unplug from the simulation
@@cosmictreason2242 yeeèeeeeee3 okidoki
You should pin this comment so that it doesn't get lost in the other comments.
Infinite versions of me are eating a infinite amount of snacks while watching a infinite amount of Isaac Arthur content. Because there are no verson of reality where i dont watch this show!
Also Lenard Nemoy is there and on the show.
A well rehearsed simp kissassing.
Cosmic cheese burgers
Isaac-ception
So that's why I'm always out of cheese-its.
Terry Pratchett's Long Earth series explores the idea of an infinite unpopulated multiverse -"The books explore the theme of how humanity might develop when freed from resource constraints: one example Pratchett has cited is that wars result from lack of land, and he was curious as to what would happen if there was no shortage of land or other resources."
Loved this book series especially the potato stepper box👍
If you liked this series of books you would love Craig Alanson's Expeditionary Force series, would recommend the audio books version as the narration is brilliant 👍
In a post-scarcity universe, the only things that would be valuable would be intellectual properties and complex devices, since anything physical would be easily reproducible, and this would probably radically alter people's behaviors, because most of us spend our current time accumulating resources, and we would need something else to do !
@@sprinkle61 making intellectual property and complex devices
There's probably a version of me who became a multiversal conqueror, bringing peace and prosperity across countless universes through armies of ages assembled from across time and space, yet who in his spare time would still watch a video from alternate versions of Isaac Arthur talking about this exact scenario.
By their very nature, no conqueror brings peace.
In Warhammer 40k one Orc warboss travelled trough time to fight his own posse and himself.
For a good fight and to get another one of his favorite weapons..
Thanos does that in one story arc too, it's got a bit of a 'there are no more worthy enemy's to face, so why not battle myself?" flavor that's better than the default evil twin approach
I watch Isaac Arthur to help mend the times between good science fiction and new science.
He is quite inspiring ✨️
If we lose to the Ant Universe, I for one, welcome our new insect overlords. I’d like to remind them that as a trusted TV personality I can be helpful in rounding up others to tool in their underground sugar cave.
AntMan only needs to worry about snowplows.
EDF! EDF!
I think you should keep the tinfoil hat on JJ 👽
Love your show JJ keep up the great work and please do a episode on lizard people 😂
I was super into the Batman & X-men animated series in the early to mid-90’s too, I’m glad we have that in common, Isaac
I love these topics too
ha ha ha.... thats the kind of line someone says as they are locking you in a cage in their basement, or going through your trash to find memento's.
j/k
Any time someone talks about Copenhagen, I remember reading Stephen Baxter talk about the Friends of Wigner. That the observer himself is also a quantum event, and he requires a friend to observe him to see what he actually observed from the possibilities, and that friend requires a friend to observer him, and so and and so on, until at some point, you would reach the final, ultimate friend, the observer that collapses the quantum states of every possibility that has ever happened in the universe, collapsing the multiverse into a single timeline.
Or........the Copenhagen interpretation was created by fallible humans who came up with something that simply sounded better than saying "I don't know."
@@Vaeldarg it’s just a sci fi book
Yes I read the this book. Transdence is very interesting begin
@@AbdullahSAHIN-nz2md loved it
Could you talk about multi dimensional empires or systems of governance throughout time and realities ?
This is actually an idea I've never been presented or possibly fathomed. Warhammer God Edition
@@michaelmoran6364 Warhammer 500,000 million, when the 50,000th chaos god is finally born, Matt ward, reviving the Ultramarines and one shotting everyone else, because obviously they are the best and leading humanity to rule the universe because did I mention the ultramarines are the best?
This episode reminds me of a short set of stories in the SCP Foundation called Project Palisade. A prime version of the aforementioned Foundation invents a device that creates alternate universes and its through this device that they find out that 1) the prime timeline is but a speck in the multiverse around it and 2) a higher plane of universes are having a war that humanity can never comprehend and a shrapnel of a weapon launched from a grunt in that war is launched directly at the prime timeline and humanity assumes its a universe-ending threat so they used the universe creating machine to create the titular palIsade: a bunch of universes to shield the prime timeline from that shrapnel.
Lmao I like how to avoid having their own universe get but they just create others to take the hit instead. I hope these universes are uninhabited
@@ianharrison5758 some are, some aren't. While they create these universes, they experiment with some in order to develop something called reality stability (the capacity of a given universe to survive extrauniversal sources of destruction)
Re: previous iterations of the universe: one of the origins for Unicron was that he ate the previous universe before going into a dormant state, but missed the last remnants for whatever reason, allowing it to respawn. So a hypothetical Marvel/Transformers crossover could result in a Unicron vs Galactus showdown, one or the other says "Time for Round 2."
I wanted to make so quantum-related joke, but in this reality I will simply note that somehow your videos have an ASMR effect on me and thus are both educational and relaxing at the same time!
I actually have a problem with falling asleep during them (despite finding them interesting). There are a few other channels I've noticed the effect from, all of which I actually enjoy. I think that it may have something to do with the rhythm and cadence of the speaker.
In one case, it's actually a DCS flight sim channel. I think that it may be the "highway hypnosis" effect of the constant jet engine sounds.
Why did the photon need to check into a hotel?
Because it didn't have enough energy to make it home!
I believe Michael Douglas referenced the Kardashev scale in Quantumania, saying the ants achieved a type II civilization
Forget the amazing ideas for overall topics you come up with on your own and / or with whatever outside stimulus you also experience, I am blown away how well you are able to provide so much more to expand upon those ideas into possible ways to achieve it with technology we may or may not even have yet plus probably a couple of ways we may NOT be able to and then remind us how much we simply can't imagine just like people from barely a hundred years ago would see much of today like literally beyond what "crazy" stuff we thought we knew at the time. Your videos are absolutely wonderful to watch and listen to! 🤯 ❤️😁🙃
Maybe it's because I have been listening to the great book, but at around 18m15s, you say an exact quote from it.
Specifically, from the great wise man who sits on top of poles spring, summer and autumn.
"You can only know what you can know".
Such great Arthurs.
The “shield protecting your local reality” reminds me of Star Trek Voyager’a Year of Hell.
This reminds me of a book I read a few decades ago about two civilizations that discover the mulriverse and eventually meet and go to war. Once if was classic fantasy is dragons, magic, the other was an advanced civ. No longer remember that series was.
There is an anime with the same premise called Gate
Ooh I asked for a Multiverse vid a while back. Isaac never disappoints!
well, not this version of Isaac
I.A. using Futurama to extenuate his point; GENIUS. Again.
Dr Isaac Arthur and the Multiverse of Warfare!
That actually explain how there are countless 'first rule of warfare' - superposition.
One of the best episodes in quite a while
For the parents: your toddler is in a nice clean room you turn your back to the toddler for one second. By no longer observing the toddler they have entered a super position of mess. All possible messes the toddler can make has in fact been made. And it is your observation that causes the mess to leave that super position. Thus if you look the mess will in fact be your fault. So have a partner look first, then you can blame them for making the mess.
Or, alternatively, get them to clean it up!
Most of them would be mundane. I think a lot of the tourism/scientific interest would be for those weird universes where insanely unlikely things happen in mundane situations... like one where someone assembles a bunch of monkeys and they actually do produce the complete works of shakespeare.
Downside is... as soon as all the multiverse aliens come to check out this bizarre anomaly, the whole place will collapse into a black hole.
Moral of the story? If you see a monkey start to type out shakespeare, be warned: The end is nigh.
Thanks a lot, Isaac! I just exclaim with glee anytime you talk about the MCU.
My pleasure! :)
👍
We don't use beta decay in any clocks that I'm aware of. We do use beta decay to produce random digits. We use cesium and excite one (or more, I'm not entirely sure) of its electrons to a higher state, and then use the time it takes to "decay" to a lower state as the basis of timekeeping. We also define a second now as some multiple of that tiny time unit for a Cesium-60 atom's electron(s).
If you use the single particle decay system to pick your lunch you do not know what you are eating until you taste it.
Time travel and multiverse stuff reminds me of The Ship of Theseus in a way.
That's an interesting analogy to use and one I might borrow
I think a little plug for the Long Earth series needs to be gently inserted here. It would be a good answer for the Fermi Paradox as far as aliens are concerned but leaves us with the question: "Where are all the humans?"
They have a lot more resources but they also have a lot more space to expand into, disproportionately more space in fact as the volume of space they would have to colonize rises with the cube of the number of universes they claim, whereas the number of resources they have only rises as the first power of the number of universes they claim.
The actually weird thing in Copenhagen interpretation is that it is assumed that the superposition "ends" when you observe it, instead of you "splitting" into versions that coexist next to each other.
There is no reason for this assumption, other than "That can't be right, this conflicts with my world view".
As far as I know, there hasn't been a proven upper limit on how many things can be entangled in a superposition, and the reason for this is easily shown by imagining yourself standing in another box, when you go to check on Schrödingers Cat. Schrödinger is outside that other box, and you are in a superposition which "inherited" the superposition when the cat's superposition "collapsed" by you opening the cat's box, from his perspective, whereas "to yourself" you are not, and the superposition is just "gone" or "collapsed".
One could then project that out further, and say that each time any superposition happens, this is part of the entire universe, and once it "collapses", the universe itself just "inherits" that superposition...
... And look where we are going! It's the Many Worlds Interpretation! What?! Whom?!
Yeah. As I understand it, Copenhagen is just Many Worlds, with an arbitrary extra rule (and resulting complications) to preserve whatever notion they had of a consistent universe.
If you spot mistakes, please let me know, always happy to learn :)
(As the saying goes, I love being right so much, I change my mind when I am wrong^^)
P.S. Excuse the long sentences. German is my first language. I'm sorry.
P.P.S.: This is not my original thought, this is just a compression of discussions I have read so far. Can probably find at least one link, if curious.
P.P.P.S. Turns out, Isaac mentioned roughly this. Since he later says that people just "pick favorites", I'll leave this here. While we don't know which Theory is true, some are logically infeasible.
When I see "Multiverse Warfare", it reminds me of the trilogy of Philip Pullman - His Dark Materials.Not very scientific story (not to mention kinda controversial 😅), but still - I like how the author imagined the beings that evolved differently in the parallel worlds, and how even four legged critters can develop human level of consciousness. As long as they have some "creative" limbs, like we have hands, they can become consious and develop at least some sort of primitive technology (fire, metal casting, some sort of wheels, maybe biotech, flight etc). It makes me wonder if we will ever find such beings someday ... somewhere. I guess time will show. Thanks for the episode!
You're one of the best youtubers Isaac
A what?
Saw Kang last night and it was pretty funny , decently good movie. Low key (no pun intended) Kang is the best part of the McU right now.
Kang and Dr.Doom are the best antihero’s imo.
@Higgs Bonbon meh , they got big and think they don’t have to try. Likely waiting out till they get X-men to really go ham with mutants because at this point it’s kinda sus they haven’t shown up, plus the secret invasion and all that not too far off. Basically filler time but it’s not “bad” per say
always upvoting this amazing content creator that Arthur is . FULLSTOP
My Man!!! Thanks for awesome content as usually.
Biiiig fan here .
Thank you this Chanel is definitely my favorite on TH-cam please never stop and if you must create an ai/clone of yourself to keep the Chanel going
I remember an Asimov story I read as a kid. The primary protagonists were weird aliens in another universe, some kind of floating blobs that could phase in and out of each other. The story centered on their contact with earth scientists on the other side of a dimensional gate. Due to different fundamental constants in our respective universes, we could never survive any "travel" between universes, but the differential between universes allowed some energy extraction or something. However, in the long run, the bleed over of reality from our universes would cool atomic processes on their side and heat them up on our. Their chief scientist hoped that we wouldn't figure that out before our sun went nova, giving them an actually unlimited energy source by just opening a portal.
Anyone else remember that one?
That sounds like the Gods Themselves,.
@@isaacarthurSFIA Yah, that rings a bell.
Cosmology says no specific point in the Universe is special. That should apply to all universes of the multiverse, too. 🤔
Not exactly like that, it means on average you will find yourself in an average location of the universe. Applied further, we could expect most other universes to be similar to our own
19:57 Episode 382: Return of the Quantum Cheeseburger
Episode 383: The Quantum Cheeseburger Strikes Back. Now THIS is a sci-fi trilogy worth watching!
What I love about Marvel is their answer to which model of the universe is correct: "Yes."
That's what happens when your 'world' is a fantasy kitchen sink.
I just came across your channel and this video. Highly enjoyed it. And definitely love to shout out to my other favorite channel comics explained. He also educated me a lot on the multiverse and all things comics. I will continue to be a view of your channel and a new sub. Look forward to your future content
The multiverse is a completely fictional concept...
This has been one of my favorite shows yet. You totally rock Isaac. Thank you for the amazing ride. I'm hooked. Lol
I am 22 seconds in, and my thought is, I could spend a few weeks watching SFIA videos, and have the raw material for a series of awesome SF novels. Which I have no time to write. But, Isaac, you are in the fictional acknowledgements of my fictional novel.
I find it amusing how many of us think war would actually be fought on such a scale. If beings had the power to do such a thing they'd most likely look upon war as something primitive alien species struggle with in early development.
I'm pretty sure the only people who say things like that believe that they're entirely rational, and that everyone else is, too. Which ignores a few details: The same facts applied by different values yields different preferred outcomes, even when everybody is rational; the relative worth of different desirable things isn't subject to logic; and most people don't make all their decisions rationally, nor should they be expected to.
And from a darwinist standpoint, ideas that claim they aren't worth killing for will lose to ideas that claim they are.
Hey Arthur.... what do you think about the Three Body Problem's "Sophons"? it fits well with this episode.
The best part about time travel that if it ever gets invented, then it already will have been.
Really appreciate your work and the way you express information 👍🏻
Love your accent 😍
I love how nearly every time you discuss war, the conclusion is "there are way too many cheaper/easier alternatives for it to be worthwile".
This is true for our world as well. Yet…
I was way earlier but my alternate self turned into a dog and made a ruckus in front of my window in order to prevent a butterfly effect that would've wiped out this timeline.
Thank you so much for your content every week Isaac ❤️
Kang I've got my eye on you; Rick? don't you do it. there's a lot of similarities between this and multiplanar warfare in D&D, highly compelling.
You mean Blood War?
@@donatodiniccolodibettobardi842 that, the ancient illithid empire, what the aboleth claim, etc
@@kingmasterlord Ah. Not the part of the lore I am very well acquainted with.
@@donatodiniccolodibettobardi842 youtube.com/@AJPickett
*now* we're getting head-splitting
We need an “inter-species breeding” or a “Sexy Aliens” video.
the Captain Kirk principle
They... don't? It'd be easier to breed with an oak.
Unless you're talking more about different human-descended species interbreeding.
@@boobah5643 that can be one of the more plausible pathways that are explored.
I am just wondering about your mind. How refreshing to find a functioning, ordered intellect. Would you mind sharing a bit of your background illustrating perhaps just what has led to your outlook and understanding of matters? I find every one of your presentations fascinating. Thank -you so much!!! I thoroughly enjoy listening to someone more intelligent than myself who provides many new avenues of thought for me to wonder through!
The upcoming videos list is a mess - March including 'super soldiers' episode and 'journey to alpha centauri'.
Super soldiers already aired and journey to alpha centauri is planned to February
Yeah I think it got accidentally copied on when I was doing it, I had to correct it in a couple after and thought I'd done this one too. I'll post the current list as a pinned post momentarily
Infinite realities are clearly absurd, I like how this video at the end illustrates this
If “common sense” were the yardstick to measure and define reality we would not have quantum mechanics or relativity today.
Theres an Earth out there where Star Trek has played out exactly like the shows. Same with most other works of fiction. Thats kinda cool if its true.
Issac Arthur brought to you by Slurm "It's Highly Addictive!"
WHIMMY WHAM WHAM WAZZLE!
I always wanted an April Fools episode of the TV show "Sliders", where they jump into the portal and end up in one of the MANY, much more likely, Earths where the planet didn't form at all, or didn't have life. IRL, I consider Multiverse ideas to be on the same level as Religious claims; unfalsifiable fun, but not science.
They did end up on lifeless Earth's twice that I can recall. The first universe that Quinn landed in where San Francisco was devoid of life and was a frozen hell with ice tornados. There was a second episode where they did land on an Earth where complex life didn't take hold and it was mostly barren. They also landed on an Earth where everything was gigantic and they were being chased by a carnivorous bunny the size of a truck. 😆
If the planet doesn't exist/is inhospitable, you don't get enough television to fill your forty minutes of airtime.
Love the shout out to Zelazny. Thanks much!
Even in the Copenhagen interpretation (which is obviously wrong), you know the outcome the moment any light or other energy interactions causally reach you (at the speed of light) after the "observer" opens the box. Just because you don't see the observer doesn't mean the outcome of the collapse hasn't affected you, and, because it has affected you (lightspeed x distance) time after the observer opened the box, there's no superposition persisting because of YOUR uncertainty as a conscious being. The matter and energy around you "knows" (has been causally affected by) the reality the observer encountered, even if you remain ignorant.
On a long enough timeline, the probability of shuffling a completely ordered deck goes to 1.
- I. Arthur
But, so does the likelihood of being unalived.
- The Narrator (Fight Club)
Yet so does the likelihood of being "re-alived".
Hey so I've got an idea for a paradox drive, on this topic: Cause a paradox, and make the path of least-resistance involve propelling something. Spaceship I'm thinking. Clarketech, but maybe there's something. If you've got time travel, this might work.
this makes me think of the combine in half-life they travel to parrallel dimenisions to colonize worlds
"Give it to Joe, Joe can fix it. He's the best quantum mechanic in the system." From the move Forbidden Planet, 1956 and spoken by Leslie Nielsen before he was famous for saying stupid things in the Airplane and Police Squad movies.
It's worth pointing out that Leslie Nielsen in _Airplane_ was very much cast against type, even if he spent the rest of his career doing comedy and parody.
@@boobah5643 And I'm so glad he did. Lloyd Bridges and Peter Graves were also dramatic actors that took on comedic roles later in his career. Granted, some of their dramatic films were riffing fodder for MST3K and Rifftrax, but they more than made up for it in comedy.
@mr.dalliard1819 See Nielsen in _Day of the Animals_ for a riff-worthy (supposedly) dramatic role, just three years before _Airplane._
Rifftrax have it up for free (the whole movie) on their TH-cam channel. It tries so _very_ hard.
it's not a q.a.t. is a Heisenberg compensator.
on sliders theres multiverse warfare fought by factions that started as planetary civil war
You are a good man Isaac! Doom is the most patrician choice!
So is there any "long root" examples of travel across different incarnations of Universes like how Galactus learned to exploit the Phoenix Force to protect him between Universal death and creation events essentially allowing him to go the long way between one universe and another?
Brother Soldier, thanks once again for another excellent video. -Your placement of “Red Giant” by Stellardrone was superb! -I’d like to say this, also: I, speaking solely for myself, miss the math. I’m not a physicist. I am not a mathematician. But, out of a 30 minute video, your throwing an equation on the screen and taking 30 seconds to explain it, serves to “hammer home” that your mission is in fact based in actual science.
-Hope you and yours are well. -C.
Last I checked, the MCU still followed a core rule of Futurama's time travel; a time travel duplicate is always doomed. Although apparently with the caveat that the doomed copy can avoid an early end if the local original is killed instead - see Gamora for this. She was already dead so the replacement isn't (probably) doomed. But the alternate Nebua? Doomed. The time heist crew left the past and canceled out the doom, while Captian America just laid low until he caught back up with the MCU present, and his local original was frozen solid most of the time.
Colonizing the Multiverse is the solution to the 'Dark Matter and Dark Energy' questions ... [dramatic theme music] Dun Dun Duuuuun!
Thanks Isaac, your explanation has brought me a....Quantum of Solace.
5 dimensional Stellaris with multiverse time-travel
Michael Moorcock's Eternal Champion series covers this (in a more fantasy, not so much science fiction standpoint)...and he is the one who coined the term multiverse (last I checked).
In the Corum cycle the 'gods' basically closed off a couple dozen universes so it was a cul-de-sac/closed off from the bigger multiverse: which made 'scaling' (moving between the universes) in scaling ships into/out of the group difficult: effectively making an absurd 'castle' defense around your own universes.
Yeah Moorcock and Zelazny both played with the concept a lot in their works in the 70s, more fantasy than scifi but still very good stuff
@@isaacarthurSFIA
indeed. They don't get the credit they deserve.
Although, I'd tend to think there is a trans-universal fermi paradox that comes up if we don't take the Copenhagen approach:
IF universes/realities can be bridges/crossed...where is everybody? Even a Kardeshev I/II civilization could achieve the ability before gaining control of their entire universe (or even a dozen galaxies).
One could envision the K1 civilization that discovers inter-universal travel and uses it to exploit 10k other Earth's for various resources: never leaving their solar system.
.
...Let alone a Kardeshev III/IV or beyond that just does the same but rather than 1 planet: entire galaxies.
...It would seem to posit either its too abstract/difficult a feat to achieve; that copenhagen principle is correct (and they may as well not exist) or that life is so incredibly, stupidly unlikely, that the chance intelligence at our level even arising across a multiverse is unlikely.
One of my favorite Authors, Dennis E. Taylor has a good one using this called Outland. Highly recommend it.
My hunch is that multiverse travel would respect continuity and adjacency, just like traveling in the three physical and one temporal dimensions we are familiar with. Meaning to travel somewhere you must pass through the intervening space, and that the space you pass through has no instantaneous changes to it's state, but rather is broadly similar to the space next to it.
In whole, this means that mininum-effort travel to a new universe would land us in a universe minimally different. One in which an identical copy of ourselves had just departed, making the net effect of our decision to travel meaningless. It may be possible to travel "further" in this dimensional space, but require an energy proportional to altering our own universe to match the target destination.
After considering the issues with infinite improbability one may come to the conclusion that the idea essentially handwaves all of reality. I think this is the correct conclusion and should be neither alarming nor otherwise consequential as it only exemplifies something we already knew: That nothing can truly be known and we can only do our best.
The long earth book series deals with a civilisation with almost unlimited free space to begin with but goes downhill
David Weber has series "Hell's Gate" in which two separate civilizations have been colonizing a string of worlds (each connected copies of each other in separate dimensions).
One faction is science based (even having telepaths), while the other is magic based. They meet in the middle and accidentally start a war (war is Hell) with each other. As one travels along the chain of connected worlds, the physics of the worlds gradually changes between magical and technological (with one's power/relevance waxing and waning accordingly).
i know this channel isn't normally a movie review channel, I think a review/explanation of Tenet would be great... the inverted entropy and following characters around is super fascinating
It's pseudoscience*.
There'd be nothing to review.
(*nonsense)
A friend of mine is writing a story in which a country in one alternate Earth is planning a sneak-attack invasion of a less-developed country which occupies the same territory on another Earth. They don't know that a *_more_* advanced country on a third Earth has learned about this and is planning to surprise *_them._*
That strikes me as a lot of Earths, I dunno....
Be the multiverse version of you that you want to see in the multiverse
And in many universes we have Isaac teaching others with SFIA, and in others becoming the Emperor of Mankind and All The Universes.
All good universes I am assured of.
Another informative episode as always Isaac.
Isaac is a friend to ALL the galaxy!
I don't believe the Copenhagen interpretation means reality only exists when you observe it. We have shared understanding of the appearances of the objects around us, which means objects manifest the same way when observed -- it therefore doesn't just change depending on the observer, otherwise that would not happen. We can look at art or history and see that. Plus different atoms manifest as different elements consistently throughout the universe, and that is confirmed by multiple observers in completely different tests. I believe that reality does a kind of graphics rendering -- each atom or object is already pre-programmed to manifest a certain way, but only does it when observed to save on memory. Which means we might be in a simulation.
In how many realities am I names Reed?
I bet there is a Interdimensional Council of Isaacs keeping multiverse rolling for a better tomorrow. 😁
Me in one universe: “I’ll listen to this in the shower” me in another: “I’ll grab a drink and a snack and sit at the computer”
I like to think that the universe is infinite in all directions, that whether you go left, up, north, or up or down the scale or up or down the timeline, eventually you'll find another Earth. Even if it's just infinite in one direction, it would remain true, as long as you're looking in that direction. Hard to get to those places/scales though, so it makes for a nigh impossible-to-traverse multiverse, but it makes more sense to me than slightly altering your vibration when each particle in your body vibrates at least a little differently from the rest already or universes budding off of the choices we make, given that those choices are entirely bound by the laws of physics in this universe.
I would love Issac be a science/sci-fi advisor for the game No Man’s Sky.
"Observation" in regards to quantum stuff is a misnomer. A better word would be "interaction", particles "observe" other particles by interacting with them, and thus particles (or collections of particles) themselves act as observers for these experiments. In the act of interaction, all the measurement stuff is revealed.
Weirdly, I cut away from this for breaking points coverage of the ongoing fall out from that chem train derailment, and that's never happened with Arthursday before....
I just realized how close this was to Ashtabula. Are you guys okay?!
There are infinite number of universes where alternate versions of all the Isaac Arthur viewers managed to date scarlett Johansson. It boggles the mind.
@12:58 - don't be so sure. Just because we haven't measured it, doesn't mean all particles are the same, our measurements are only so precise…
Also, it could be that there are infinitely many worlds and they all are exactly the same…
As a physicist, I despise most multiverse “theories” (MVT) to the bone. Your adding of Boltzmann brains to them entertained me so much I ended up laughing. But seriously, MVT not only goes against the grain of science, being untestable. It _kills_ science as the epistemic system. Why _c_ has the value it has? It just happened so in our MV branch, no point even thinking why. But this is also an answer to any scientific question! Instead of building coherent scientific theories brick by brick, we may turn to “explaining” stuff by infinitesimal probabilities blowing up to one in MVT. We only have to agree how many angels fit onto the atomic microscope's needle, and then invoke MVT to explain the number...
It's fair to say that there exist sane and reasonable interpretation of Everett-style quantum branching interpretations of QM. But I have never heard of one for cosmological multiverses. Inflation is tantalizingly close to the theory that could explain a lot of things about the Universe structure. It _has to be probably true._ But its math went awry and cannot stop producing Universes. Steinhardt abandoned the _math,_ not the _idea_ of inflation, and went on searching for another underlying mechanism for it; what the math of the theory ended up with was unpalatable to him. The two other founders of the theory are totally fine with it, and have propped it into mainstream. I cannot imagine that Einstein, had his GR predicted spacetime packed with wormholes to the brim-not, say, just _allowed_ then but _required almost everywhere_ in spacetime-would just wave his hand and say, like, yeah, we just somehow I dunno how don't observe them, but it's fine, we must have _just happened_ to live in a wormhole-free patch of the infinity. This is about how sound the mainstream cosmic inflation theory currently is.
I'm not saying inflation did not happen. It's too good to be false, or at least to want an attempt at the underlying _sensible_ theory. I'm talking about the mainstream underlying math theory and assumptions that “explain” inflation, producing an infinity of universes as a byproduct, an artifact. It makes no sense to theorize like this: we do not need inflation as an explanation if we accept that there is really an infinity of universes. We may say _it just happened so_ in our universe all the effects we ascribe to inflation: homogeneity, isotropy, flatness, whatever, _just happened by chance._ The mainstream theory of inflation have sharpened its own fatal Occam razor, for its unexpected byproduct, MVT, provides a much simpler explanation for the observed properties of the Universe. You don't need awfully complex math to derive nonsense. You can always simply postulate it.
Where did you went to graduation which college? what is your speciality as of now? Are you teaching physics?
27:15 Alright, i like a challenge, so here’s an argument in favor of temporal inertia:
Just as random quantum phenomena like radioactive decay may even out into predictable macroscopic behaviors determined by the underlying laws of physics when observed in a large enough sample size, so too may long term trends in the universe behave according to physical laws that tend to smooth out any statistical anomalies that may arise.
For an example of this, the theory of evolution. The specific mutations in any given person are effectively random, and as the genes you pass on become the genes of your children, you would expect one single mutation to change the entire future evolutionary line of the species. Yet this is rarely the case. While mutations themselves are random, the evolution of species over time follows predictable macroscopic patterns, often converging onto the same beneficial trait multiple times, as with the convergent evolution of the eye. These macroscopic trends occur as a result of pressures exerted by the environment and natural laws shaping these lifeforms, which demand certain outcomes by the very principles that drive them.
Similarly, the life cycle of stars involves the chaotic and seemingly random movement of trillions upon trillions of gas molecules, each one moving according to chaotic and unpredictable quantum forces. Yet no matter which way those forces randomly push any particular particle, the outcome is going to be much the same everywhere in the universe, a homogenous outcome. Order born of chaos.
I put it to you that human beings are physical systems who’s behavior exists as a product of physical forces and natural laws. That our minds, though seemingly unpredictable, are actually a part of a complex physical pattern, and that we ourselves simply lack the ability to understand the system of which we are ourselves apart because P != NP. But that our lack of understanding does not represent a lack of order, that whether we are knowing self-aware participants or not that we behave according to exacting physical laws that we too cannot break. That these natural patterns that govern human neurochemistry also structure the shape of our psychology, our sociology, or economics, and our history. That the structure of time is not a series of arbitrary causally disconnected events, but an intricate dance behaving according to strictly enforced equations that lead us inexorably to a singular destination, the only outcome that the underlying math governing whatever the truest form if physics may be demands.
In essence, I put it you that we are not so much captains of our own ship as we are pieces of driftwood floating downstream. We like to imagine that we are the former because it allows us to feel in control of where we drift, and it allows us to believe that we can avoid the negative outcome of being washed up against the beach that we have watched so many other pieces of driftwood suffer. We find it difficult to acknowledge our own lack of agency because doing so forces us to confront our own helplessness.
But like all rivers, ours leads inevitably to the ocean, we will not escape our fate, the river will not suddenly flow backwards, the driftwood will not grow legs and begin swimming, it will go to the place that the statistical laws governing it demand that it does.
Over a long enough time span, all individual influence on the sequence of events is washed away, and all that remains is natural law. Humans did not evolve intelligence because one of our ancestors decided it would be great to be smart, we evolved intelligence because that is what the universal laws demanded of us, we could not have done anything else even if we tried. Even if our ancestor killed themselves, the outcome would have been the same.
The specifics might have been different, we might be descended from Grog the Caveman instead of Throk the Caveman, but the end result of the more intelligent hominids surviving while the stupid died would have still remained, because neither Grog nor Throk were responsible for shaping that pressure, the universe itself was. And whatever was meant to be would inevitably come about, while anything that was not meant to be would not.
There are physical causes to events, Grogs kids had good genes they got from Grog, but even if you break the causal chain a new link will simply forge itself to take its place. Because the chain was not made by you, it was not made by me, it was not made by us, it was forged by the universes natural predilection to assume that form, and they will strive to return to that form whenever active pressure is not being applied against it.
Think of it like a sand castle on a beach. The beach wants to assume its preferred shape, flat and uniform. Human actions can disrupt this shape and make holes or build little hills of sand, but the tide inevitably comes in and washes it away, you can fight the tide and build trenches or walls to try and hold back the sea, but the moment you stop struggling it will take it anyway, and no matter how hard you try you won’t be there to maintain it forever, in the end the ocean always wins, the beach always returns to the shape in which the world had fashioned it, with no sign that you had ever been there at all.
So hop into your time machine, go back a year ago, and build a sandcastle, then come back here and see how much of a difference it made, none at all.
In the end, everything is forgotten, and in the fullness of time the weight of individual actions is washed away, in the end everyone dies, every civilization crumbles, every species goes extinct, the stars go out and the fire dies, the universe expands and the cosmos freeze, and everything that happens until then is just a brief statistical anomaly, a blip in the face of time to be followed by an eternity of identical nothingness.
Every universe merges into one, the same physical laws guiding the same processes to the same natural conclusions. The odds are random but the outcomes aren’t. Flip a million coins and its still just 50/50. Every universe ends in the shape of a perfect statistical bellcurve, regardless of which outliers may have occurred where.
Great video Isaac love l The Kang video
If there are infinite number of dimensions/sub-universes between which the travelling is possible, wouldn't everybody be always invaded by everybody else? Because if there's infinite number of universes with infinite number of invaders and infinite mumber of universes to invade...
My take on it: If they missed this universe then they could still have an infinity of conquering and conquered universes.
two issues. one is that infinities can be big or bigger, so depending on that, invasions may not be common, but even if very common, there is a nonzero chance of no invasion, could be infinitesimal enough for the number to actually be 0 even with infinite candidates. the second is that interuniversal travel could work in such a way that it automatically branches out to an invaded and an uninvaded universe at one or both ends
Yeah, an important thing to know about math is that 'infinite' isn't a number, but a concept. Any given infinity can be bigger or smaller than another. The most obvious example: There is an infinite number of whole numbers; you can always take a whole number, add one, and repeat until you get a new whole number. By a similar token, there are an infinite number of even numbers; you can always take an even number, add two, and repeat until you get a new even number.
It doesn't take very long to notice that there is one whole number between every even number, and the even numbers are also whole numbers, so there are twice as many whole numbers as even numbers. So even though there are an infinite number of each, one is still twice as large as the other.
It turns out the same can be said for zero, which is why dividing by zero is, in the general sense, undefined (while there are a number of ways to define it in special cases.)
New Fermi paradox solution just dropped. Time travelers collapsed their worlds into black holes.