Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

A brief introduction to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) prepared as coursework for 10.626, Electrochemical Energy Systems, MIT Chemical Engineering, Spring 2020.
Contributors: Erin Nguyen, Alex Quinn, Katherine Steinberg, & Debbie Zhuang
For further reading, we recommend:
Impedance Spectroscopy Theory, Experiment, and Applications, 3rd edition, edited by Dr. Evgenij Barsoukov & Dr. J. Ross Macdonald (ISBN 9781119333173)
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, 2nd edition, by Mark E. Orazem and Bernard Tribollet (ISBN 9781119341222) www.gamry.com/... lacey.se/scienc... www.ameteksi.c...
Interesting literature applications of EIS:
Detection of Tuberculosis - doi.org/10.103...
Detection of HbA1c (for measuring blood glucose concentration) -  doi.org/10.100...
Differentiation of normal and malignant prostrate tissue - doi.org/10.110...
Study of malignant and normal breast tissue - doi.org/10.101...
Determination of the state of organs - doi.org/10.110... Freshness of fish - doi.org/10.111...

[@nazmialsaafeen]

You're amazing, thank you. you mentioned the critical bits without making it long and dull.

[@89ksantoso]

THANK YOU i've been dying understanding EIS from books, and your video really helps me!

[@mhd112211]

Wow, the best explanation I've seen and also only for a course work....you should start making contents!

[@pinsantoni]

Thank you for this extremelly clear explainantion!

[@sensational-v5h]

Thank you for the lecture. It is very insightful.

[@2mrRB]

Really nice video. Can you explain why ZReal (real resistance right?) is lowest at high frequencies? And why does it increase with lowering frequency?

[@subhrajyotighosh6714]

Thank you very much for explaining in such a easy manner

[@zahiddogan]

Thank you for sharing this video. I have a question, why real part of impedance vary with frequency in nyquist plot? Or do i misinterpreting what graph tells?

[@mairaanam4335]

Would really appreciate a transcript of this video

[@eddybash1342]

Very nice ;

[@joodiverse767]

Omg thank you for your helps a lot!!!
Desperately looking forward to your next video

[@Study-vk6fs]

Wow amazing explanation please keep making videos you are helping humanity progress :)

[@shashidharmuniswamy2620]

Thank you so much for the video. What is the graph at 2:01 called, please? Where can I read more about the same? I mean, I understand your explanation, but I need a literature source.

[@AcrosstheNanoverse]

Perhaps search for "Lithium concentration gradient at electrode surface"

[@shashidharmuniswamy2620]

@@AcrosstheNanoverse Thank you!

[@alexanderquinn3177]

@@shashidharmuniswamy2620 Yeah! Lithium should have some great examples. The graph itself is species concentration vs position for a process called "chronopotentiometry". I would also recommend reading up on the "electrical double layer".

[@shashidharmuniswamy2620]

Hi@@alexanderquinn3177 Thank you for your response!

[@manellassoued5268]

thank you very interesting. I have a problem. I can't find the equivalent circuit for my reponse impedance. It's complicated. I need help .

[@AcrosstheNanoverse]

If you're using a manufactured potentiostat (biologic or gamry, for instance), you can contact scientists there. They may be able to help you even without that specific instrumentation - worth a try!

[@aisyahzulkefli7490]

good job guys.. nice flow, graphic.. just nice.. keep up the good work

[@rolakhaled7147]

In the video at 8:12 min How you can interpret a niquist plot starting from 15band not from zero .What does his means? what is responsible for this shift?

[@alexanderquinn3177]

Generally, a shift like that means there is a resistor component, in this case, equal to 15 units (e.g., ohms).

[@elijahkadimba4205]

Nice work, you guys definetly gave me insight

[@kubumshel]

Great video

[@michaelviti5091]

This video was very helpful! Thank you

[@andreiacarvalho5271]

[organic solar cells]
Hey guys. Does anyone know how to extract diffusion coefficient, kinetic parameter and electrolyte resistance from EIS measurements in OSCs?

[@alexanderquinn3177]

Unfortunately, I am unfamiliar with the physics of organic solar cells. If I understand correctly, electrons/holes are the only current-supplying species as opposed to electrons/ions in batteries/fuel cells. Two ideas come to mind: holes transport differently than ions although I believe diffusion coefficients still apply (with slight modification to the transport model) and second, the gap between the electrodes is smaller than typical separator thicknesses in batteries/fuel cells. These might impact the interpretation of the Nyquist plot/equivalent circuit. Frankly, I don't know if the same methods of extracting diffusion coefficients apply but it has been done, as shown in the following sources:
Perrier, Gérard, et al. "Impedance spectrometry of optimized standard and inverted P3HT-PCBM organic solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 101 (2012): 210-216.
Ripolles-Sanchis, Teresa, et al. "Diffusion-recombination determines collected current and voltage in polymer: fullerene solar cells." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116.32 (2012): 16925-16933.
I'd be surprised if a textbook doesn't cover this.
I wish I had more time to look into it, hope this helps you start!

[@ranjeevparashar331]

Why mainly AC biased is employed for the EIS studies?

[@louroc425]

Dc does nothing for the reactance or the imaginary part of impedance. You won’t measure anything helpful with static measurements. You’ll just get real part or resistance. Actually come to think you might get some information at the Instant that you switch the load

[@ficklaw]

Thank you so much for sharing this.

[@MikeEnergy_]

Amazing. Do you know how to calculate the time constant of a process?

[@alexanderquinn3177]

Really depends! Often you can find theory for a particular process that will help you find the time constant. Do you have a specific process in mind?

[@mustafayasiraydin]

thanks for concise explanations

[@oov7183]

Thanks ! This video helps me a lot !

[@juhaklee1011]

Thanks for your explanation in detail

[@mohamedgar1396]

Thank you. It was really helpful.

[@vipulkumarsharma3159]

HI, how did you animate the curve shown at 7:30 minutes?

[@alexanderquinn3177]

Hi Vipul. We used Matlab and its VideoWriter tool.

[@nirmalendukuanr6531]

Thank you. This is a very informative video.

[@shwetakeshri487]

really helpful video.

[@naohaqzhang1560]

Thanks a lot! Those boring books really made me exhausted :(

[@polokocollen7072]

Thank You.

[@eliesermejia55]

excellent

[@nareshr5055]

Excellent