Cartographers of the Brain: Mapping the Connectome
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 มิ.ย. 2024
- Scientists are attempting to map the wiring of the nearly 100 billion neurons in the human brain. Are we close to uncovering the mysteries of the mind or are we only at the beginning of a new frontier?
PARTICIPANTS: Deanna Barch, Jeff Lichtman, Nim Tottenham, David Van Essen
MODERATOR: John Hockenberry
Original program date: JUNE 4, 2017
WATCH THE TRAILER: • TRAILER - Cartographer...
WATCH THE LIVE Q&A W/ JEFF LICHTMAN: • WS CONNECT Q&A with Je...
Imagine navigating the globe with a map that only sketched out the continents. That’s pretty much how neuroscientists have been operating for decades. But one of the most ambitious programs in all of neuroscience, the Human Connectome Project, has just yielded a “network map” that is shedding light on the intricate connectivity in the brain. Join leading neuroscientists and psychologists as they explore how the connectome promises to revolutionize treatments for psychiatric and neurological disorders, answer profound questions regarding the electrochemical roots of memory and behavior, and clarify the link between our upbringing and brain development.
MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: www.worldsciencefestival.com/...
This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.
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TOPICS:
- Mapping the Brain 00:00
- What is a connectome? 06:02
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal 10:18
- Is the brain signal electricity? 17:09
- Who inspired you to do this work? 25:56
- Brain development in youth 29:45
- Do the maps we have now help us explain the brain? 32:43
- A series of subtraction and progressive processes. 39:17
- What is a Von Neumann machine 46:08
- How can we develop new synapse responses in an adult brain? 50:45
This program was recorded live on 6/4/17 and has been edited and condensed for our TH-cam channel. Watch the original full livestream here: • LIVESTREAM - Cartograp... - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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A very interesting panel. I love that I get to experience this particular time in human history and our quest to scientific discovery. As a young Neuropsychology student I hope that one day might be able to contribute to this journey for discovery in some small way. A universe upon itself, Astronauts of our own kind as I say.
this was really quality neuroscience. thank you!
Brilliant scientists and excellent moderator. One of the best I've seen. He's really well versed in the subject and clearly did his homework.
This is way better than a Fox News Panel. I wish 2 million viewers would watch this nightly.
Excellent conversation all around. Expert panel, incredible host, exciting information, and a bang of humor at the end.
Finally an upload a wonderful discussion but i felt like they barely scratched the surface would love to learn more
Brilliant. Thank you and the speakers.
So brilliant. Thank you for sharing
What a wonderful session. Happy to note that we can continue to learn life long.
Sunita , you' ve said it all !
Excellent interviewer! Excellent guests!
Very, very exciting video! Awesome!
I will definitely listen more to what Jeff lichtman has to say about the brain. His vocabulary is extremely rich and he knows his stuff very well.
Oh I love this moderator! They are amazing and engaging!
He has gotten a whole lot better. In past years, he had a habit of stealing the scene and occasionally derailing the discussion -- something some of the newer hosts continue to do. The balance of guidance versus allowing things to flow has much improved over Hockenberry's past WSF appearances.
44:06 Freewill. Excellent observations.
Can’t believe my brianwave has made it to this lecture. Thanks 🙏 WSF Thanks TH-cam thank you Humanity
After learning two or three languages, is it easier to learn the next one? Yes if all the languages you learn are related.
For example, after german and dutch, it is easy to learn swedish then danish.
I made a personal challenge to learn languages which have no common origin:
Russian, japanese, chinese, inuktitut, vietnamese to name a few. After feeling to trail behind most people for years, came a time where i realised that i was alone in the race, all the competitors slowed down and i am alone at the finish line.
Brilliant presentation, incredible we are still operating out of a 100 year old map... Where is the MIND in the brain/body?
It's like a road map then with the different types of connection being like different roads, from motorways to farm tracks and waterways (rivers, canals, brooks and streams...I think if you look at it like a world map with all the roads, waterways and shipping lanes it would be easier to envisage).
Then , accordingly , it appears that humans have constructed/developed the world we live in pretty much in correlation to how our bodies were designed by it's Creator , GOD
Very interesting
They are so useful to Mankind! I am so impressed because I can't quite say so myself !!!!!
There are any information regarding the order in which the neurons receive or transmitte information? I mean, a neuron who receives info than departed from the visual context and information coming from the auditory cortex and so on... receives it in an especific order? Thanks
I'd love to have a couple hrs with each one of these brilliant people.
thanks
What I wonder is how important it is that we have an "accurate to every single neuron" accurate model. How chaotic does the brain behave when it comes to deviations. Like, how different will the whole brain activity pattern look, if the neuron next to the actual neuron we wanted to stimulate becomes stimulated. When I think back to what I've learned about the visual cortex I think that neurons are pretty well sorted so that closely spaced neurons do almost the same. So I assumne that the next neurons in the row will very likely also be interconnected.
All those images which you have in your mind alone must require tons of neurons to be stored.
If you change but one byte in a _computerized_ image file, your computer won't show you a single pixel of the image, any more. It might be that your brain has algorithms for a correction of such lacking portions of code, but after all, such algorithms would have to be pretty complicated. And you do memorize things - at least words - digitally, one by one. You certainly memorize also many more complex experiences than words either entirely or not at all, as if there was the possibility of a sudden and complete loss of huge portions of code.
As discouraging such an argumentation could appear the degree to which hypnotizers (e.g., Morey Bernstein, Thorwald Dethlefsen) have in the 20th century dug up knowledge, in the brains of living people, about conditions that had been on hand at faraway places many decades before the births of such people, with no ordinary possibilities being fathomable how the hypnotized persons should have got hold of such information. This points to subtle facets of the body and hence, also to subtle facets of the brain holding memories _beyond_ what can be achieved by neurons.
I.e., it won't matter so much if a deviation disrupts a part of the brain in which memories are accessed because there is an invisible brain within - or sometimes also without - what we can mostly perceive as the contents of our skulls.
The composition of galaxies demands the assumption of invisible matter, to match the laws of kinetics, which has given rise to the view that you should have "dark matter" (particles neither absorbing nor emitting or even just reflecting light) making up c. 27 percent of the mass existing in our universe. Ordinary matter and antimatter amounting to just about a fifth of this quantity, there even still remains room for dark _energy_ making up nearly 70 percent of the content of the cosmos. I consider it as plausible that a subtle facet of bodies like I'm imagining it consists of dark matter or of dark energy.
A famous case of such memories revived under hypnosis, investigated by Mr. Bernstein, suggests that such memories occur in a distorted fashion, with their set-scenes remaining realistic and being homogeneously taken from the correct part of the world but being wildly recombined into a picture which then again appears as naturalist and as free of contradictions.
From this you'll have to deduce that also such memories will be stored in a digital way.
45:47 I understand you, dude.
The music that played during the remarks concerning Cajal, where from comes it?
imagine that in 200 years we will all have live in humanoid robots who we need to care for from the day they get plugged in.
Food for thought.
:D
John does a much better job at moderator than most at these events..He doesn't throw around hackey ass science puns to try for a few chuckles that find them relevant..
Awe-inspiring topic, many thanks!
"Brainbow" is a great name, but "brainting" was a close runner up
Ahhhh I love this
🧠 brainbow 🌈
How can theneo cortext functions like meditating on a thought be monitored,in what terms_feelings orthought awareness? HOW DOES KNEOW OF CONSCIOUSNESS AT THOUGHT LEVEL OR EVEN META THINKING LEVELS?
In the long run, going from 1/3rd the volume, to adult, is a key to digitally expanding the brain, adding more neurons, becoming smarter, thinking faster, parallel computing power by doubling the sum of neurons, and all without loss of self.
We need to address rights after digitization, and not build cannon fodder to be shelved for war but, active for work.
No less human, and never defined as dead. We are designing the space worthy minds and bodies we need to live forever. Reserving the Earth, and it's gravity, for the biological phase of life, space, and virtual reality, and nanorobot cell replacement of heart. lungs, bones, muscle and skin. Eat make battery, rechargable reserve, radiant energy rooms for recharging. Re integrating new organs, keeping the cardiovascular for cooling. Into space.
Repair, and diagnostics algorithms, producing, a living nanobot network, of modelled working nanobot replacement cells. We become the most advanced technology, and keep artificial intelligence out of office.
Live Forever!
How would we digitally expand the brain? I would to speak more about this with you if you don't mind.
I'm so excited as a medical student... who knows maybe one day I can be a part of HCP
If, in fact, AI can begin to emulate (create?) intellect, how, as humans would we be able to recognize/qualify it?
Is the brodmann 46 area located on both side of the brain?
Remark: at timeframe 2:57-3:02, two quadrillion is not 2,000,000,000,000 (that's two trillion) but 1000 times larger: 2,000,000,000,000,000.
Brain produce knowledge,or is a product of knowledge!
Virtual Reality With this Please
Too short needs to be at least another 5 hours longer
Please, someone tell me the name of the piano song at 10:26
Erik Satie - Gnossienne
+goudi mag thank you. Been wanting to know the name of this for over a year
If you are emotionally receptive to the GNOSIENNES then the GYMNOPEDIES by Satie will ravish your ears as well !
Just checking on how SAO nerve gear progress is going...
same lol
3:00 two quadrillion is NOT 2,000,000,000,000 (2×10^12) by any standard. Two quadrillion is 2,000,000,000,000,000.(2×10^15).
So, the power of 10 (number of zeros) relates to the latin counting word via p=3n+3.
So million=10^6, billion=10^9, trillion=10^12, and so on.
The european and former UK quadrillion is 10^24, Here the number of zeros relates to the latin counting word via p=6n. Which does not have the counter intuitive +3 term.
I was wondering since the brain is biological are there a lot of systems that act like lava lamps differences in pressure and density?
Commander Data! What are you doing with that phaser?
Debemos todo a Don Santiago Ramón Y Cajal, gloria de la medicina española, padre de la histología moderna, padre de la neurología moderna.
Johncerebro Padre nuestro que esta en el Cielo, santificado sea tu nombre...
Johncerebro que cursi, si no hubiese sido el lo hubiese hecho otro, al igual la máquina de Watts en siglo 19 que inició la Rev industrial, nadie es especial son historias cursis contadas para hacernos soñar
I would imagine that studying a brain before and after/during large doses of the hallucinogenic drugs would provide significant insight with all of the new synapse connections lit up, no?
That is a wonderful idea, in progress today, if i can trust the publications. You should be able to find something at least on the effects of psychedelics on PTSD patients.
I find myself to be virtually immune to LSD and shrooms and think I or others like that would be an interesting and potentially valuable addition to any such study.
2 quadrillion is 2,000,000,000,000,000.
quadrillion (n.)
1670s, from French quadrillion (16c.) from quadri- "four" + (m)illion. In Great Britain, the fourth power of a million (1 followed by 24 zeroes 10^24; in the U.S., the fifth power of a thousand (1 followed by 15 zeroes 10^15)... at world science festival (1 followed by 12 zeros) 10^12
"...and this is how the brain solves its own problems with dynamics". A brain can only function and or evolve in abstract spacetime because objective spacetime must possesses a future "time slice" of any evolutionary advancement or "next" particle state. All particles are frozen and static in objective spacetime geometry, limiting the brain to both a-causal function and evolution. In block time, there are no physical forces/functions involved concerning the electrochemical pathways that are being charted here.
Time models such as RED (retroactive event determination, Sky Nelson) or Relativistic QM (Rovelli) do allow for evolution and causal function. In these Special Relativity models based purely observation BEING frame of reference, the brain function are branched superposed macroscopic states collapsing to determined ones upon interaction. With these interpretations, the particle does not represent function, it represents a state after the "function of observation".
I like how they did admit "it might as well be free will". The material sciences now need to also adopt a non-linear, "causally open" time model to escape this physicality paradox that materialists cling to.
The wiring diagram doesn't fully explain the complexity of what a brain do. Two computers of same power may perform different tasks ; one play video game, the other compute complicated formula.
Two brains with same capacity may share similar connectome. One will use his/her brain power like Newton or Einstein, the other may use that brain power in less spectacular way.
Beside the raw input of data presented to the eyes, ears, etc, brains also perform recursive processing, using the result of the current stream of thought as input to the visual or audio input, repeating a cycle of processing using internal feedback.
Such system create more complex pattern than just using input...processing...output
That is not correct. Neural system "memorize" through wiring. So, it would be like knowing the wiring diagram and contents/states of each individual memory units of a computer.
What a perfect moderator. Bring him back.
I know the state of the world looks bleak, but underneath our skin, colour, and faces is virtually the same brain. The brain is us. We should not waste time fighting wars, we need to work as one to understand us better.
A) Wars are generally bad, but it isn't as if all wars are about racism, so I'm not sure what that has to do with skin color. In fact, some times wars are fought to stop racist regimes, as in World War II.
B.) We don't all have virtually the same brain. In fact, it appears that certain differences in brain structure are responsible for differences in cognitive ability. For example, people with Multiple Sclerosis seem to lack significant myelin formation.
C) Even though our brains are different, that doesn't justify unnecessary violence. Your implication is "Our brains are the same, so harming each other is bad." No. Our brains are different, but harming each other is still bad.
Ace actually the world have never been better, wars at low as well as violet deaths, crime at minimum, less poverty. Careful where you get your info from
I don't see why we cannot do both.
If only army had science as a compulsory subject. That will stop wars
Greetings everyone. Knowing the brain hardware is important, but what about the software system(s)? I think it would benefit everyone to get a more detailed discussion about the nature of software.
All computational systems have both hardware and software at their cores (with the software as the payload). Hardware means a hierarchy based on physics particles. Memory systems are information storage machines. Software means the information stored in memory systems. All softwares exist separately from their respective hardwares (or the memory system would not function). All softwares provide their own levels of organization, like a little informational universe (this is why game-worlds are made of software). All intelligence (problem solving) comes from software systems only. Only software can be in intelligent control of anything. In animals, minds are built by the learning process, meaning moving information into a memory system (and so learning actually means software building). More software means more intelligence (this is why you get much smarter as you age). If you erase that software, you go to zero intelligence. The cortex is a vast memory system, so it contains a vast software system. We call that cortex software a mind (or a person).
All mind related words (like perception, thinking, motor control, knowledge=high-quality software, personality, etc.) exist as software structures and processes. The sum of your mind software exactly defines your identity. There is no hardware component to a mind. Its your software mind that's free, not the hardware brain. You make minds out of information only (not atoms, not cells, not tissues, or in computers, not electronic hardware). Most of what psychologists do is software manipulation. Things like delusions are really software errors. All informational connections (like sensors, effectors, datalinks) going to and from any brain, are going to the software, not the hardware.
Genomes work the same way (without the learning). The hardware includes the DNA memory system and error checking mechanisms. The genome is the software portion of the computational system, which intelligently manages organism assembly and maintenance. In order for the Cambrian explosion to take place, the governing computing system had to be sufficiently powerful to reliably handle the added complexity constructing and maintaining a sizable multi-cellular form (including all the extra biological levels of organization). This is why the eukaryotes were so successful.
Books, same thing, the writing is the software (pure information) stored in the book memory system hardware (a hierarchy based on physics particles).
So many of the most important systems we deal with are software systems.
Thanks for listening. ;)
how do you develop a software language at the machine level if you don't know the machine level?
sounds like it's what these people are doing. All bio-researchers are essentially reverse engineers
Nooooooooo not Dangleberry
40:20
Take two copies of one brain, then reconstruct without crossing any connections at the cellular level. Then start both as one allowing connections to grow based upon observed neural development.
Is which portion of the braindoes a yogi in the state of samadhi register!s his consciousness ?
A principle investigator should never pet lab rats for fear of losing their subjective emotional disconnect from their experimental subjects. It's very cold and sterile in these evironments sometimes. But, it is progress, as they say.
i'd recognize John Hockenberry's voice literally anywhere.
If you plot for "truth" you have to unplot the lies first. Otherwise you are just digging in the dark.
2. guy from the left: has anyone proven he's not AI?
Industrialize the process, replace burial rituals, make the implementation of hell a crime in any sense. There no such thing as human waste, and time for a solution to every problem of mental or intellectual nature. No need nor reason for mind controls, nor forced programming.
The Sin apps is important and inevitable. 🤯📲🧠🤺💯
21 :00 (Italian mobster accent from host.) Making us all feel a bit less stupid for a couple seconds. They should get a speaker with a voice like they do do the whole shoe
بسمك اللهم اعني غلى قول الحق الله سبحانه عندما خلق الانسان علمه الاسماء كلها والكن بنفس الوقت يقول فما اتيتم من العلم الا قليل القصد طاقة الدماغ مهما وصلة من العلم يتاثر الجسد اذا حمل الدماغ اكثر من طاقته الا يحمل والكن هناك الهام من الله عزوجل يزودك من فضله بلعلم لكي تتعلم من العلم من غير قراءة الكتب لكي تستطيع ان تحمل هذا الكم من المعلومات اما اذا أردت ان تقراء لكي تصل لهذا المستوا عليك ان تكون بقو الف حصان لكي تتعلم ربع ما يلهمك الله عزوجل اللهم لا علم لنا الا ما علمتنا سبحانك الله اكبر والعزت لله سبحانه ولا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له سبحانه
Wasn't the Brain Initiative started by the Obama Administration already tasked to map the brain and have results by 2020?
So can we focus on this rather than something that can possibly end All life like idk a fuckin super hadron collider.
Dumb comment
بسمك اللهم اعني على قول الحق كلنا نعلم ان زبل من صول الحيونات ويعطي لشجر نمو وكذالك لنباتات القصد اذا شخص لمع الكلام لك لا تعطيه انتباه اما اذا خلعك بكلمه تجرحك قد تصحى من غفلتك ومن غير فلسفه اللهم لا حول ولا قوت الا بلله العلي العضيم والله اكبر والعزت لله سبحانه
this is the least funny episode of Arrested Development but educational.
I think David is a computer
Play at 2x speed. You're welcome
Who came from nervegear?
did you know "Terawan Theory" about brain wash
God did a Good job
22:00 But why now? We could spend this money to get at least all people on an existential minimum and to work on a new system which is not enslaving people and animals. Once we have sorted out our big social problems between nations and what not we can direct our focus onto those bigger things like the connectome and living on the mars. But right now we have much more urgent things to do!
ovidiu dans Although it is a laborious task we still have to try to reach some sort of healthy equilibrium between people. I'm not talking about trying to make schooled engineers or scientists out of everyone, but about a mentality shift. We need to realize that despite of our differences we all sit in the same boat and see the enormous potential if we all work towards the same endgoal, to make the best we can out of humanity (and the world) and see what we can achieve. But you all have this "I against the universe" mindset because you think you're something separate from it.
In our system right now technology is mainly used to have the edge over someone else, to gain power, which is something you could call "survival behaviour" as if we would still live in the savanna. But thanks to science we reached a level where this is not necessary anymore. But still we have the mentality of a caveman using super powerful tools. If you keep on growing with a sick foundation like that you might get somewhere but only sluggishly and you will have to fight the symtoms of the sickness over and over again. It's not a sustainable plan, don't you see that? If we would just sit together and invest maybe 10 years (or whatever) and figure out a system which suits the diversity of the world and its rapidly changing nature, everything (also our scientific progress) would rocketshoot. What we are doing is pushing the unavoidable confrontation further back and hoping that it will resolve itself at some point. We never built a solid foundation, all we did was reacting to the environment to ensure our own survival for. Although science/intellect is great survival tool it is not a universal tool which can be applied to every aspect in life. Science itself isn't gonna solve any problems. In contrary if no mentality changes are going to happen science will become more and more destructive the more powerful it gets.
The more powerfull the tool the more responsibility you get. If it's going to be used to win some war it is not a good investment! Before we can use such advanced technologies we first have to fight our primitive animalistic natures like hatred and jealousy. Which is why at least influential and intellectual people have to start with things like meditation and such.
quinxx I am loving the "mentality of a caveman using super powerful tools" idea, plus you hit some good points there. More ideas exchanges like these are needed in between us as a specie to reach the level that you were talking about. Also the "sick foundation" analogy...It's a nice new perspective I have learned today. Thank you :p
ovidiu dans This actually makes me super happy. I think it's super important that we realize that we have a very ignorant position towards our intellect bks it served us so well. But it's really not a tool for everything and it's the reason why most people are unhappy with their lives.
Hey TH-cam, stop allowing dislikes without commentary as to why, or is it just your algorithm keeping the average of likes to dislikes for a channel.
This video is interesting and very cutting edge, a dislike must come with context.
they are doing what facebook used to experiment with on users years ago.
Ross Betts you don't get what this platform is about. Everyone should feel free to dislike it. Yt likes are no scientific quality analysis. they are about opinion of people wich often is not very well justified. Yt is spontaneous and unrestrainig.
1. One can kindly ask for something, but I don't think one is entitled to tell others (or TH-cam) what to do: "stop allowing ...(insert whatever)...".
2. Once one is forced to justify a vote in order to be allowed to vote, then the end result will not reflect the free will any more, we will end up with flawed/biased statistics.
3. Any kind of voting system _must_ come with "no string attached". This will include voter's anonymity, no justification required, no blame or threatens and so on. If one eliminates any of these, then it is not free will voting any more.
Just to be clear, I am curious, too, for why one will downvote this video.
Yet, I don't think enforcing justification from everybody else, everywhere on youtube, in order to satisfy my own curiosity (or in order to validate my internal opinions/beliefs/biases/whatever) will be of any good.
Although I don’t understand why the dislikes, it’s still peoples freedom to not like it. Why should they qualify why they disliked it when not every like comes with a comment either?
Schizophrenia ?
Obviously designed by a creator.
Can someone please stop putting people not in the fields being discussed as moderators!! they say meaningless stuff and miss opportunities to follow up and really enrich the question train. uggh.
40:33 Just wondering, did you actually watch all the way through? He has asked a couple ok questions, but this was a great one. No disrespect, a simple counter point. :)
audience is not in the fields being discussed. what is your point ?
it is very different to be in the audience and not interacting and being the person guiding the path of the panel. Huge difference in the skills needed.
Yeah I watched it all. dont get me wrong I love the conversations, but i think they could be greatly improved if there were better follow ups, and less appeals to laugther at innapropriate important points in a conversation. A neurobiologist or similar would be able to better flow the ideas and guide the discussion due to his knowledge. I think this particular moderator is probably very effective when moderating in an area of his particular expertise.
good moderator knows his audience and asks what he thinks the audience can comprehend and what can interest and entertain them.
too long intro -- lost interest - life is so fast - sorry b-oring intro ...