Class D Amplifier Tutorial!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 พ.ค. 2014
- An explanation of how class D amplifiers work, and how to build your own 2x15W stereo amplifier. Click "show more" for the schematic and part numbers.
Class D amp kit: bit.ly/312E3pI
More electronics: www.afrotechmods.com/
Breadboard parts:
TPA3122:
octopart.com/tpa3122d2n-texas+...
1000uF:
octopart.com/partsearch#!?q=EE...
33uH:
octopart.com/12rs333c-murata-1...
0.68uF:
octopart.com/fk16x7r1h684k-tdk...
Schematic:
i.imgur.com/MITAXQ5.jpg
If you are feeling extra generous, bookmark this link and use it as your Amazon home page:
www.amazon.com/?_encoding=UTF8...
If you do that, I get a percentage of everything you buy, and you don't have to spend an extra dime! - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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excuse me sir, do you now the THD of the amplifier at 12v with 4ohm speaker?
All right, so what you are trying to say is this, if one wants quality sound go class a or a/b, and if one wants dual ch crap go class d.
ps.
class d is also internally biased with a central common ground, thus no attempt should ever be made, unwittingly OR ON PURPOSE to jump (mono) both output stereo channels - (as they are NOT genuine stereo, but rather only dual mono "twin" channels) into a mono pa system, otherwise your class d outputs will instantly fry themselves internally.
Hence why genuine audiophiles - prefer correctly orientated class a & class a/b amplifiers (the truly push-pull genuine "stereo" with their common-earth grounded-return 2ch STEREO outputs).
Because these cannot be screwed when anyone attempts to common BOTH L+ & R+ outputs together for a single pa mono speaker - as the two outputs are able to be thus externally connected as if one instead of two channels, utilising ONLY ONE of the two "'internally-connected" common-earth grounded-return (-) negatives - of either of both channels.
That - old but extremely efficient system MAY have appeared to run as a low power amplifier (compared to a similar rated class d) but only the push-pull, common-earth grounded-return amplifiers are able to be thus interconnected for either stereo 2ch or mono 1ch, without any special "bridging" switching system, PLUS will allow a totally different "style" of connection called a DELTA configuration.
ie: by connecting the two NORMAL R/L outputs to the common-earth grounded-return to achieve 2ch stereo whilst SIMULTAINIOUSLY using R+ & L+ across a third speaker, to obtain the true differential DELTA MODE - HIDDEN THIRD CHANNEL, one instantly has an old school, (pre-digital) total surround sound system - utilising the full 100% "drivable output" - of the so-called low powered class a & class a/b, whilst actually running the amp output to a much higher power rating, with far less wasted energy lost internally - thereby running the amp cooler for any given spl level, that just 2ch operation outputs.
Been there, done that - triple-channeled any normal 2ch stereo output (of old school amps), thereby delivering way higher spl levels, from the so-called low power of a push-pull 2ch, thus utilising 100% of their actual output power, not just the57.7% across 2ch/2speaker stereo outputs - and have proved this method, as totally efficient since 1965.
However- that isn't the b-all end-all of delta connected 2ch stereo outputs, from old school analogue class a & class a/b amps by any stretch of the imagination, having tested upwards of 25.7 ch systems, using that basic DELTA system, from really cheap amps,
In 2003, just for the sheer hell-of-it, I deliberately bashed together a 7.3.1 super reverb sub-sub system with 25 completely unrelated oddment impedance speakers, being speakers source from house and car systems, through to pulling speakers out of dumped tv's and even an oddball from an old valve radio, gaining (on discovery) far more power in spl from a SINGLE 300w 2ch stereo amp, than a professional sound competition competitor achieved at an organised public sound-off, who used a 2,400w 2ch amp normally (into a basic 2ch system of what eventuated as a balanced 2ch - but an unbalanced DELTA power output).
So - in reality - a class d - for me, is a small puff of white smoke and a permanent "forever-after" no-go amp.
See?
No - I mean "see" ...
th-cam.com/video/Ub0S8eTijrA/w-d-xo.html
And then watch - ten lights flash and pulsate whilst being FED 2ch stereo TAPE CASSETTE PLAYED musical sound - to flash at different rates, (speeds/tempos/call-it-what-you-want) all ten little lights, being powered by the actual current (being the running sinusoidal music currents - from directly driven speaker coil circuits) which then visibly show the completely different audio analogue channels that would "normally be sent" into TEN speakers in a "decagon-o'phonic" system (instead of just driving ten filament globes to full brightness individually).
re:
th-cam.com/video/N64gnOa_-Aw/w-d-xo.html
TEN completely different channels of surround "stereo" obtained from the two (2) NORMAL SPEAKER "raw" GENUINE common-grounded earth-return (proper-stereo) outputs, from a class AB amp
You'll never get any class D dual-mono 2ch amp (a-so-called-stereo, but in reality a dual mono) with it's internally-grounded internally bridged ISOLATED "high" speaker outputs (that cannot be EXTERNALLY interconnected OR grounded "for mono-PA use, as that is electrically impossible).
Now tell me which is better?
@@quixkiwi5337 damn, that' s long!
Yes!
6:10 i always confused by that transistors which has more then one of Base , Collector or emitter in single symbol what it's mean can i buy such with many collector pin in single transistor ?
Nicely explained. Great humour. Stay awesome!
Great name!
Afro and gr8 scott rule :)
Ok so... when are you doing like a really cool video together? Man that would be so epic!
Hey great scott ..... I am a subscriber of your channel. Your videos are great.
@@onlyvinod56 I m also
You are a gateway to electronics for young people.
Nukes Away I agree.
Wil Badillo I'm not young myself but he makes it interesting enough for kids to understand.
Im an assembler and no one i work with can answer any of these questions except the engineers ( who are always too busy). This channel is REALLY helping my grasp on circuits. thank you for taking the time to do this! Its awesome and i recommend it to everyone i work with.
As a former teacher I've got to give you props. Concise, interesting, and funny to boot. Got my vote. I'm going to enjoy learning from your channel for sure.
Hi as a student under going analog design circuit lectures i want to learn how do I calculate or more or like optimize designing a amplifier or anything related to transistors or mosfets
I have been a hobbyist for years but never was able to understand some concepts just reading about them. Your videos really help explain and clarify things and I have been able to make some fun things because of them!! Thanks for your videos!!
I'm glad to see you're doing videos again, one of the few people on TH-cam that does a fantastic job at it. Best - Transformer tutorial - "last of all, remove all wire cutters from the area" brilliant!
Love your stuff, man. I'm an Electrical Engineering student and this is giving me a lot of encouragement to survive my classes. Keep it up!
Wow. Your channel is one of the best electronics themed ones out there. I really like that you gave explanations in the schematic regarding the purpose of the different caps. It helps me a lot to get a better understanding of the schematic. Thanks and keep it up!
Its awesome to see you are making videos again. I remember learning most of what I know about electronics from your older videos! Keep making these, they are great!
This is a very good explanation. I have never really understood how a Class D operates, but now it makes sense. Thank you, and keep up the brilliant work!
I love watching and learning from your video's. You have the highest grade electronic tutorials on you tube maybe even the net. You explain things in a way that everybody can understand and even a little humorous at times. Would love to see more videos.
Your channel is an excellent source of knowledge of basic electrical engineering applications. I remembered a lot of things and their applications, and also learned a lot, what I want to embody. Currently im at 4th year in university, and my current knowledge in electrotechnics are highly different in positive way from 3th year and one of the reasons is your channel. Thank you, greetings from Russia!
Wow I've not burned through this many youtube videos in quite awhile. You've got the most engaging video format that I've ever seen regarding electronics! A true purveyor of TH-cam University!
I am so glad you're back! You and Dave Jones make the best videos about electronics!
It's great to have you back these past couple of months! Keep it coming!
Yours are some of my favorite electronics videos on the TH-cams. Informative with a side of humor. Thanks for all you do brother.
I think the fact that you read all of you comments is awesome!
+AG Electronics Thanks!
The best tutorial I seen in some time. Well one of the best(Otherwise it's just simply neglecting other TH-camr's contribution.) But still better than the most. A big thumbs up. Keep up the good work.
Encouraging comment: Great job! I very much enjoy the rush of new synapses forming while watching your vids. Keep up the good work! You are making this universe a much better place.
Thanks so much for this video. Probably one of the most succinct explanations of Class D amps I've seen. And really all your explanations are to the point and quite good!
Another fantastic tutorial. Been following your stuff for years and have never stopped loving them!
Miss when you had more humor in them (like your transformer tutorial), but I get it, these are educational, not off the wall random stuff.
Keep being awesome!
By far the best lecture for young people about Class - D amps. Actually, I never got to understand this stuff completely until now :D Thanks man I will share amongst my friends!
I'm a GCSE Electronics student -well i was was, i had my final exam a few weeks ago- and i find all of your videos both really helpful with what i needed to understand but also has pretty much driven me to want to do A Level Electronics. Your video on PWM, for example made me go and make a simple PWM circuit in our workshop and it worked! So again thanks so much for these videos and keep going. They're awesome!!!!!
sorry for the crossed through bit dude i didnt know i did that.
i love how you are honest about that amazon link, rather than "suggesting" something, like so many youtubers do with audible.
Since *everyone* is doing that with Audible, I'd say it's part of the contract. Amazon affiliate link is an entirely different beast.
Great video mate, one of the best tutorials I have seen on youTube. Well explained for everyone and no useless information. Thanks for putting this up.
Of everyone I follow, these are the only videos that I get REALLY excited about. LOVE your videos!!
Just bookmarked the Amazon link to help you get some commission!! Wish I knew about this before Christmas shopping!
Videos are great! please continue to make more!
Thank you!
You are an excellent teacher. I'm so glad to see you making videos again!
It's hard to find teachers that can organize their lesson to make sense to new people. You're doing an amazing job of it, definitely using your amazon link. And keep it up with the basics, applications, and go a little more in depth in maybe a follow up.
Nice video. does much to help explain CL D amps. And thank you for discussing the square wave/distortion issue. I keep coming across videos extolling the virtues of CL D in home systems and trying to show the volume levels you can obtain but ignore the distortion issue.
Well done. Good script. Clear voice. Fine pronounciation. To the point. And funny.
Welcome back Afroman! We missed you!
Damn it is nice to see you come back after 2 years.
Your videos are epic.
Best thing youtube recommended in like - evar !! Keep up the good work !
It is very nice to have you back :D
I really enjoyed watching your tutorial: my mind has been set to investigate Class D amplification in a little more depth. Thank you!
Phil.
Thats the answer i was looking for..... Why not class D everywhere... You replied promptly....thak you. Your appeal to support is very genuine and I decided to support
Thank you!! I'm going to watch this over and over until I understand, also study the rest of your materials, great stuff!
Fantastic video. Newer knew that class D amps was functionally what I was doing in software when I was programming an 8 bit sound driver on a 1 bit port in the early 90'. The switching frequency was only 16 Khz.
Thanks man! Your videos make all these electronics concepts so easy to understand. Very helpful to a young novice like me
I read a paper on a scientific magazine about this for 2 days along but this video speeds up my understanding like a rocket !! many thanks !
As an electrical and comp engineering student, this video made me quite happy to watch, learning about all this! xD I can't wait to check out what other content you have
Great! I was waiting for this video since i saw a teaser for it. Especially like your explanations, really easy to understand.
Probably the best explanation on youtube that I've seen! Great tutorial!
I learn more from you in five minutes, than I can from reading half a book.
Excellent, keep up the good work.
Nice to see you're back in action!
Saw a buttload of your vids about a year ago and didn't subscribe cause I thought you quit, happy seeing you on, subscribed! :)
I am an old head and was confused as to how you would use a class D amp for audio. You tutorial was great! Now I know, and it is a relativity simple circuit, if you are not designing the IC. Thanks for sharing and I subscribed.
thanks for these videos. Has helped me a lot to understand basic electronics and other useful component functions such as this class-D amp. Being in a very semiconductor oriented team with not enough knowledge (even if you are in the business side) is very frustrating. you sir have helped me cope with that limitation and learn more every day I click on one of your videos. Cheers!
I have no idea how and why I haven't seen this channel yet. 2 videos was all it took to convince me to sub.
Great video. I'm am old guy. Retired engineer - software and systems mostly. When the IBM PC first hit the market, it had a speaker that was gated on or off; current flowed through the voice coil (that's a clue how old I am) or it didn't. The bet was that we could get a (pretty pure) sine wave out of it. Lots of interest but few takers. What we would do was drive the speaker (way) beyond cutoff. It would act as an integrator and by varying the frequency we could get close to a sine wave. Fourier says we can operate in the time or frequency domain interchangeably. Did effectively the same as the pulse width modulation...
that speaker must've suffered great deal of dc current!
Joe Burks I love gritty old engineering stories like these...
I have no idea of what you guys are saying. But I like it!! This is very interesting
Joe Burks cool, so basically we can treat the internal pc speaker as a class d amplifier, but we need some software to pick wav files and convert em in pwm waves for driving the pc speaker, then wiring it to some filter and ta-da, wouldnt be too hard to make... i wonder how back then didnt sell something like this... well the SB was kickin the 90s
Well, WAV files only appeared towards the end of that era (Windows 3? I remember .VOC files being the favourite of the early Soundblaster tools before then), but I wrote some software to do high frequency PWM on that speaker back in the day!
Afrotech, you just are on time with this video!
I have a couple of speakers lying around which i want to use for my guitar.
I needed a video of how to amplify and I've got one.
Maybe the next video might be: how to control stepper motors for making your own 2D painters/cutter/printers. Or how to protect your electronics (how not to fry your raspberry pi or arduino)
Thanks for the Video!
My professors sucked in making me understand class D amplifiers. I just saw this and picked up so many things in a very short time. Thanks for the amazing video!!
not buying things on Amazon so i leave some encouraging words here. Thanks and keep up the good job!
Very happy that you are back!
Great, you came back posting videos, thank you so much and keep going, I really like them.
Excellent!!! Nice to see you back!!
I thought you will never make videos again. I really like your content, you helped me so much to understand electronics, please keep this up. You are awesome!
I dont even know what any of that means but your videos are so cool i listen to them anyway!
Cant wait to build it soon.
Excellent tutorial! The video of the oscilloscope depicting the output should be illuminating for many people. As a musician, electronics expert and audiophile, I absolutely HATE this "class D" abomination; however, where power consumption is critical, it works well. This is also very much how a sine-wave inverter works. The differences being in scale and only 1 frequency - 60Hz.
For the best sound quality, a Class-A amplifier is best. The output is working through 360 degrees of the cycle. Class AB is typically around 270 degrees so it saves a bit of power - this is most suitable for high-power RF applications such as linear amplifiers which are tuned to 1 frequency where the "missing" part of the conduction is handled by the flywheel effect of a tank circuit.
I would encourage the "younger players" to build the circuit in this tutorial and experiment with different values of inductance and capacitance in the output filter to examine what effect they have on the quality of the final output signal.
Thanks! I'm taking an electronics course at university but it's totally useless when trying to actually make something. I'm trying to make a bass amp right now and actually understand the course material at the same time, so your video was really helpful!
Your videos are awesome! You do a very good job at explaining how circuits work.
Great job explaining and demonstrating the Class D amp!
Clear minded and simple explanations, also enough theory...
Thanks man!
I know lot about electronics, and part of my daily job is electronics, bat Your explanations are just great, and in couple days i watched almost all Your videos! just for fun
Amazing! Just what I needed for my project, incidentally!
This is the type of video that motivates me to keep studying electronic engineering. Thank you !
Do it, homework never stops throughout your life unless you give up and let others think for you.
Great video. I need to bump the current output of a function generator and this video cleared up everything that was muddy in my text books. Thanks!
your back !!! great work brotha ...... your old vids gave me a new job I love .
Woah, seriously?
i built it and love it thanks afro keep up the good work
juniornowack pwi Yay! It verks!
Afrotechmods i know right
Afrotechmods Vee need more powah!
This was so inspiring! never even knew class C or D amplifier existed. Thanks for the video!
Nicely explained and perfect presentation.
This is worth the watch
Good explanation of a Class D amplifier one of the best if you have any questions hit me up
Very professional and informative. You have a good voice for this type work. Liked it very much.
Good explanation of a complex subject. Keep up the good work !
Unfortunately i cant spend money on things like this right now, but you are simply amazing, your videos are just pure genius, thank you!
Love your videos, so much easier to understand than a stuffy professor in a lecture.
Thank you, another well explained tutorial, I like how you keep it interesting. Good work it helps me to understand how electronic circuits work.
Finally! Great Tutorial, I tried this with a 555 timer once, it worked but was not very efficient because I didn't have the filtering on the output.
iEugene1994 You can always use over sampling makes it much faster.
iEugene1994 Yes I'm quite new myself to MCU been playing with an arduino past couple of months. I've seen that AVR class D amplifier wanting to build one myself.
Output filtering makes a class D amp more "efficient"?
Thank you for this video, I always loved doing Audio amplifiers, I used the TDAs back in the 90s :)
These videos taught me as much about electronics as my intro college course. I even used these on my homework. :)
Yay for trance music!! I was a bit disappointed that there wasn't any explosion in this video, but the tutorial is great!
Dgreat vid! I'd love a whole amp series:a vs b vs k etc
Both you and Great Scott have a great voice.
I miss your videos Gladly that you starting to make one again THANKS :)
Awesome explanation really helps me on my goal of building a ramping voltage power supply
Will you make videos like this, for the other amp classes? And big thanks for this one. :)
Great video. I am thinking of building my own amp and power supply for my self made speakers. But I guess I will stick to some pre build or DIY kits. I am really glad tho, I understand now how an amp works. Please, keep up making such videos.
nice tutorial! and nice sense of humour! make me feel happy and knowledgeable!
Thank you very much. this is the first video I watched on your channel to prepare myself for an interview. i appreciate your video ^_^
I Really have found your Videos a lot of help and lots of fun, makes me happy that you are making more videos.
Another awesome video as always!
Wow great stuff !!! I tried tutorials and its hard !! You make it look so easy :-) great job
V simple way to explain Class D amplifiers. Have gone through the video multiple times.. Thanks a lot for sharing the video..
Nice video, very informative. Been following your site for years.
Excellent class D amplifier tutorial!
You should make videos more often because i learn alot in each individual video, keep up the good work
Excellent video, always enjoy your content.
This video is a great refresher tutorial. The last time I studied amplifiers was 20 years ago. Personally I prefer the sound from a class A mono amplifier. :)
Excellent video. A good project for the summer.