How Enriched URANIUM is MADE☢️ | How URANIUM is EXTRACTED FROM MINES | From Mine to Reactor
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 พ.ค. 2024
- Embark on a fascinating journey into the world of nuclear energy as we explore the process of extracting and processing uranium, one of the Earth's most powerful elements, to fuel nuclear reactors and generate electricity. Join us as we delve into the depths of the world's largest high-quality uranium deposit in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, and witness the intricate steps involved in transforming this element into nuclear fuel.
Discover how uranium, first discovered in 1789, plays a crucial role in nuclear energy production and how scientists harnessed its power to generate electricity over a century later. From the initial excavation process, where drills penetrate 500 meters underground, to the extraction of uranium ore from beneath layers of sandstone, we unveil the rigorous methods used to obtain this vital resource.
Follow the journey of uranium ore as it undergoes various processes, including crushing, grinding, and chemical treatment, to extract and purify the uranium. Learn how uranium dioxide pellets are formed, each capable of generating immense amounts of energy, and witness their journey from production to insertion into nuclear reactor cores. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
This seems to be some sort of stolen AI-generated/narrated/edited content?
Pretty genius way to make conent. Just reproduce an educational documentary with AI and profit. No copyright claims.
@@dontbestupid6664 Absolutely, and TH-cam has no easy way to flag blatant and obvious stolen content. Gotta love it. But they're really good at playing ads....Jesus...you've got a username ending in four digits...are you AI as well? We're heading down the rabbit hole.
Certainly! The German text translates to English as follows: “Hopefully, low-quality AI-generated content like this won’t flood the platform soon.”
yes, I asked Bing Copilot to translate for me.😁
It is. Can’t remember the name but I’ve definitely seen this video before. I think it’s by a company that actually does the processing
Correct
Well, that was EZ. Thank you Mr.Robot. Thumbs up
Iranians watching this “WRITE THAT DOWN!” Fiercely scribbling 😂
They can just pay Trump.
😂😂😂😂
Iran already have their own mines and have all the factories to processed and refined the uranium ore including setting up centrifuges. Iran already have nuclear reactors to use the uranuim.
@@miketiong8441Original comment was a joke.
And yeah, we know that Iran has uranium centrifuges. That's why the US put sanctions on them.
Sure, kiddo. Sure.
10 years underwater to disepate radiocative rods. Thats insane!
Galen Windsor took a dive and he has a different opinion : )
I interviewed with an american company in the late 1970's, for a job at the Iraqui nuclear development center, where centrifugal separation was to be used for enrichment. Our company had done high-speed motor development, for the NASA rocket systems, upwards of 90,000-rpm. The Iraqui technology was somewhat primitive and they were offering about 3-times the going wage rate, for engineers who could do enrichment. At that time, I was making enough to buy two-houses with one years of net salary, but their offer could have allowed me to buy 6-houses, american equivalent. So I signed for a preliminary tour, and afterwards, after seeing the horrible living conditions, I bailed out. Do NOT believe anything you hear on the american media. That technology was transferred to the Iranians, in the late 80's, using our own motor technology, as given to them by the French and Germans. It was actually us, the USA, and the remaining Nazis who actually gave the Iranians that ability. If they nuke us, we are to blame.
If the USA had the same foeign policy as Switzerland, Iran would still have their old monarchy in charge and they would have been on good terms with the US.
I did enrichment in the US in the seventies. Don't remember Iraq ever doing enrichment. Are you sure you have your facts straight? This video never mentioned UF6
@@bingosunnoon9341 I lived these facts. Went on to do greater things.
WOW....................Thank you
I've seen this process at BNFL Solwick near Preston, you can't have a drink in the workroom so it doesn't act as a moderator and produce fission, now that was insane...
I guess you visited the Oxide Fuels Complex? Drinking, eating & smoking is not allowed in controlled areas for various reasons, if you want a drink you just need to step out of the controlled area it's not a problem. Yes water is a moderator (slows the neutrons down) but only a problem in some high enrichment areas there are other materials which are moderators too such as polythene which must also be controlled. A criticality incident is always possible but there are many measures in place to mitigate that eventuality, water exclusion being just one. BTW its Salwick not Solwick and is now called Westinghouse formally BNFL and before that UKAEA in the really good old days!
Uranium is wild
I hear you Ra*. I had a GF named Uranium. One day she just split
@ovalwingnut Your girl told my woman, Plutonium, about it and SHE did the same thing ! It was like a chain reaction or something...
@@JohnWilson-wg4gk LOL John! That left very little conFusion about what you meant. Yes, that was a stretch You RoCk
Thank You for this Video 📸
It is very Educational 😊
But inaccurate
Not very accurate
@@bingosunnoon9341is there a better video on TH-cam you recommend?
Great video.
Cool..❤❤
So why the writing on the barrels is in Russian though (@4:55)? Are you sure it is filmed in Canada and not in Russia?
75% of the USA uranium is from RUSSIA...This is just story for idiots.. USA cant power a dildo without Russian uranium..
After the collapse of Russia, some NATO countries purchased the used Uranium Rods to reprocesses them for domestic use and to keep the material from falling in to the wrong hands when communist infrastructure was falling apart.
That is exactly my thoughts, the barrels say {something} materials in Russian, could not read, it is too blurry. 5:37 is the same thing.
Half of the energy Europe depends on is from Russia. Half of the uranium world depends on is from Russia. This is why those industries are still not sanctioned.
Boom😊
Being Iranian, I find the video very informative. Thank you
Dangerously Good
This procedure is similar to coal mining since the 1950's & 1960's. My grandfather worked first in the wood shop then worked in the mines even though he was over 6"2" high & the tunnels were about 5 & 1/2" high. He was diagnosed with black lung in the 1960's & was retired from the coal mine with retirement pay. My father also worked on the machines which grinned the coal from the coal face. He hated that work as a electrocution.
I noticed somebody else's ride sometimes have cracks in them do you think you're having a density problem in your gravity or maybe even your compression or your release me like on your pressure gauges like you got 100 200 300 400 but when they release do you think your understanding the math or maybe even the bubbles that could sometimes show a growth or a release against your particles the bonding procedures
I'm eagerly waiting for your reaction to October ends ' new song!
Wow
This is the definition of "everything's on TH-cam"
How to make enriched uranium? Give it money 🤑
🙄 Ooooh...Good one !
Very interesting
I think the spent rods could be buried below military runways in the far north to keep them from freezing over. People are seldom out on these runways and the rods could be buried deep enough to prevent harm to those who would occasionally be on the tarmac. The residual heat from spent rods could warm the concrete. They could further be put into ceramic shells to further isolate them as needed.
I'm glad we ignored hydro power.. nuclear is so much more profitable for a few.
Not really. Building a nuclear power plant is very costly, upwards of billions of dollars. The energy company won't see a return on that investment for decades after the plant has been built. I'm not sure what you're basing your claim on, but it's simply not true.
@halonothing1 sarcasm is beyond your higher intellect, apparently.
Is Saskatchewan really in Canada?
how this fuel become ok rather than fossil to produce electricity when literally full of hazards
10 years to Cool downtown...
It's a very good fuel for planet Mars when too much dust is there.
Nice indeed opal miner here down under silicon dust is a given .
Only the fact that these bars have to stay in the water for 10 years to be permanently taken out of use and stored again in a special place should make us all think.
They should use them in some other way to absorb their energy.
The voice is like Project Farm
but i mean... if you just keep putting fuel rods into that pool, won't it eventually heat up the pool and take longer to cool everything down??
The Ayatollah be taken notes
Scary
i need this to upgrade my item
2:45, u238 is barely active and at the concentrations in the ore, its self-shielding. It’s far more hazardous as a heavy metal than it is as a radiological hazard. Different story if enriched, but FFS most house bricks are slightly RA…
U238 is depleted uranium U235 is the good stuff
How you gonna gonna tell us the series of chemical reactions used to purify the uranium after the acid bath?
They missed that bit out cos its uses some real bad chemicals! goes something like this: UO3(yellow powder) + H2(Hydrogen) = UO2 kiln or fluid bed process, UO2(brown powder) + AHF(Super nasty acid that eats bone and melts glass) = UF4 kiln or fluid bed process, UF4(green powder) + F2(Fluorine)(Real nasty reacts with anything causing fires) = UF6 (HEX) (Nasty gas at room temp), UF6 + ENRICHMENT = ENRICHED UF6, then back to UO2 and sintered into the little pellets
How do the rods which initially emit very low levels of radiation get activated to generate the heat?
They use neutron initiator elements- elements that will initially produce the neutrons to start the reaction. They usually use plutonium or californium or any other radioactive elements. If ever the reaction gets too hot, they put control rods such as boron that absorbs neutron.
Simple
@@Chicago_Clout Yes, I wonder why I didn't think of that!😁
Rods are emitting a truck load of Neutrons but low levels of Gamma, Beta and Alpha radiation. The Neutrons are going way too fast to smash the atoms without a moderator (yeah sound crazy don't it? but they just fly by), so when you put a shed load of these Uranium rods things together and slow the crazy neutrons down with big lumps of graphite (a moderator) the neutrons can smash the crap out of other U235 atoms splitting them and chucking out more neutrons, heat (and some other nasty undesirable rays) which smash the crap out of more atoms etc. causing a chain reaction and more heat than you can shake a stick at, until somebody chickens out and shoves in some Boron rods to soak up all the crazy neutrons and put an end to the party
So we store them in water … essentially we are sitting on thousands of tons of radio active material… nice!
Using a lot of energy to make uranium stones in its smallest form. This energy must come back. That's how it works with everything..
Probably used an AI Generator for much of this video; but, it is still very informative. I know I learned something.
Here is something I don't understand about packing and transporting those fuel assemblies.
Putting them in close proximity to each other should trigger a chain reaction, which is tightly controlled by graphite rods in the reactor.
How are they safely transported in those pallets w/o any issues?
Because these are new fuel assemblies, their radioactivity is very low. 99.3% of the uranium atoms in these new pellets are U-238, which decays by emitting alpha particles (helium nuclei), with a half-life of about 4.7 billion years. The remaining 0.3% is U-235, with a half-life of about 700 million years. U-235 also decays by alpha particle emission. There are very few free neutrons flying around in fresh fuel pellets, and the few that are present are moving at nearly the speed of light, far too fast to cause fission. In order to split a U-235 nucleus, a free neutron needs to be slowed down to about 2,500 meters/second, and become a "thermal" neutron. This slow-down can happen if the fuel is surrounded by water, or carbon in the form of graphite. Fast neutrons smack into the hydrogen nuclei in water, or the carbon nuclei in graphite, giving up some kinetic energy with each collision, but without being absorbed. When the neutrons are finally slowed down to about 2,500 m/sec, they can be absorbed by an nucleus of a fissionable metal, like U-233, U-235, or Pu-239. This extra thermal neutron destabilizes the nucleus, allowing electromagnetic repulsion between the positively charged protons to overcome the strong nuclear force that is holding the nucleus together.
So, when new fuel bundles are being shipped, they are surrounded by dry air in the shipping cask. No water or graphite is present, so no thermal neutrons are present, and no fission can occur. Also, the reactor control rods you mention are not graphite, they are made of cadmium and borate salts. Both cadmium and boron nuclei have a very high affinity for capturing free thermal neutrons without re-emitting them, so inserting these cadmium rods, or flooding the reactor with boric acid solution, immediately shuts down a neutron chain reaction. Also note: most of graphics and video clips used in this video are for the Canadian CANDU reactor, which uses very short fuel rods as shown, about 1 meter long, inserted horizontally into the reactor core. Almost all other reactor designs use much longer fuel rods, 4 meters more or less, which sit vertically in the reactor. The big advantage of the CANDU design is that it can be re-fueled while running at full power. American and European reactors have to be shut down to be re-fueled, usually for at least 3 months after each 18 to 24 month full power run.
I know my explanation was very technical, but I hope you got the gist of it. As long as new fuel isn't exposed to water or graphite during shipment, it's quite safe.
@@laura-ann.0726 Thank you, Laura very much for this explanation. It is all making sense now. I learned something new today.
Much appreciated !
Shouldn't Nuclear power plants be effectively UP to date.
Could you update your Korean subtitles with more specific scientific steps and processes?
And the Persian subtitles too for my friend
You mean for the Ayatollahs in Iran?
Who want to dive into radio active pool ? 😂
Who the hell figured all this out?!
آخر الفيديو ماذا يحدث بعد ذللك من المخلفات .مخلفات الطاقة النووية منذ ٥٠ سنة ماذا حل بها
If these spent rods still produce heat, then why don’t we use them in some type of lower efficiency reactors?
Cos they are well nasty and dangerous
Imagine having a nuclear car. When you have to chancg a cartridge once every 10 years. Just add water and run a steam engine.
Just imagine car get accident then!
Are you insane?! What if you have an accident in the many that happen every day? You think BEV fires are scary? Yea try a mini chirnoble on your block or at the mall opened up on the road. Then all the bad ppl who would collect these things and make bad things from them. I could go on. Humans really should be kept from certain things. This is example A.
Google the Nucleon. It never happened, and besides the concerns of an accident, the other problem is reactors require too much shielding. That is heavy and drastically reduces efficiency and amount of room in the car. In a way, if you have an electric car, you already have a nuclear-powered car. Look up (using EIA website) your state for how much power comes from which source.
@aurorajones8481 being overly concerned for safety prevents technological advancement. That's why 3rd world countries growing,but all we can think of is safety.
@@vahagnmelikyan2906ifhy
I'm trying to put one of these engines in my VW Beetle. Any help would be appreciated
You have to do it step-by-step. From Fossil Fuel, you move to EV. And I am at the second stage at this time.
It's radioactive if I'm correct yet they are touching them
You should learn about the different types of radiation, alpha, beta, gamma. As well as radioactive half lifes. But, in case you don't, here is a summary of why this is okay without getting too technical. Uranium emits alpha radiation, which doesn't penetrate very well. A piece of paper is enough to block most of the alpha radiation emitted by uranium. The dead layer of skin on your hands, or anywhere else, is enough to block most of the radiation. It can only really do damage to something if it's in direct contact. Even a few inches of air is enough to block an alpha ray. The only real concern is getting dust from it on your hands, and then ingesting that dust. Whether it's by touching your face without realizing it, or eating something while the dust is on your hands. Once it's inside your body, such as your lungs, the alpha radiation can directly interact with your cells and cause problems.
Gloves and suits are usually necessary when handling uranium or anything radioactive for this reason. You work with it, throw away the gloves, and then scan your hands with a geiger counter for any contamination. If there is, you just wash it off and check again.
The half life of uranium-238, which is the most common one in nature, is billions of years. Which means it decays very slowly. Meaning it gives off radiation slowly. It may stick around longer than the age of the universe, but there are elements which emit just as much radiation in a matter of days, weeks, months, years, you see where I'm going with this. The lower the half life, the more intense the radiation and hence, the more dangerous it is. But uranium can still do damage internally.
Most people focus on the radiation so much, they don't realize uranium is also a heavy metal. Like mercury, or lead. And it will cause health problems outside of what the radiation alone would do.
If it emitted beta or gamma radiation, it would not be safe to handle, or even be around, depending on how radioactive it is. Which is why I say to look up what the 3 main types of radiation are. It will at least explain what I've explained in depth more. Here's a video that explains it, to save you the trouble of looking it up: th-cam.com/video/iTb_KRG6LXo/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=Fermilab
Dosage matters.
Kazakstan have bige and best uranium
Australia.
aliens thought us well.
😂😂😂
It would appear that it hardly damages the environment at all during its production😅😅
sometime AZ5 don't work properly
9:44 imagine swimming in that pool.
oh it would be so warm
0:25 - that’s plutonium, not uranium.
that water is not regular water its called heavy water
6:21 weird cracked voice
0:20 - "Earth's most dangerous metal" - like, whisky tango foxtrot? Never mind, hearing this I know it's not worth wathing any minute longer.
" it takes 8 days to replace one piece of pipe and it takes 200 of them " that's over 4 years. 8 days to replace (?!) a 1.5 meter pipe ?? That is unbelievably stupid.
You are unbelievably stupid to think that there isn’t multiple crews working on different rods at the same time….. also if the payoff from one of those little tiny cylinders is equal to 1400lbs of coal or 1000lbs of oil I think it’s worth it.
if they are still hot, then why are theynot using it
because its too hot to safely store outside of water but not hot enough to create the super heated steam required to generate electricity
@@raptorthegamer5524 okay and how hot are we talking about?
"This video showcases a fascinating production process. What career paths are available in this field?"
Career Of Cancer @ 40 CPM What They Won't SAY
Are you being serious? The carrer paths are obvious as this is a very specific field.
Oncology...
This video was not great, not terrible.
Shouldn't they be wearing masks?
Snorting is not allowed
Uranium rods… hummn, they look so delicious 🤤
"No, Homer !
You're not supposed to eat the uranium rods ! "
"D'oh ! "
Were does the radioactive air from the mine go...polluting the environment ?
Uranium is not active in its natural state only after it has been processed .
Now if they could figure out how to recycle the nuclear waste it would be great.
They can, it's called fuel reprocessing but it's banned because of proliferation concerns.
2:52 what the.... ZOMBIEEEE!!!!!!!!
LOL
Like in your steam pressure do you understand how to reach gravity temperature are you still using Einstein's equations
@0:02 Pretty sure he did NOT mean, 1 million kilowatt "HOURS". That's GROSSLY under estimated.
Sooner or later we will need for our antigravity space crafts, that and mercury 😊..we are getting to another habbittal planet
I see that people are handling the uranium rods without any protection how is this possible??
He shows u 335 bundles there not giveing off radiation??? Or heart
The boron rods cool it down but he bundles he says we're 235????
What a pain in the butt to get and process it. It's the most feared, and insidious poison on earth. Man should have never been allowed to discover it.
We need nuclear batteries
clean energy my ass!
AI spoiled this
18 percent uranium in ore?? Are you serious? That is impossible
Can i have one rod?
Gotta fix the AI narration.
how come people are touching the rods in the video ? isn't it radioactive ?
People don''t touch the rods when it is removed from the reactor. However, during the original creation of the assembly, it is very weakly radioactive and safe to handle.
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Im sorry; but the workers seem to be nothing more than paid Nintendo players. Operating remotes, and no manual labor.
Quite a bit of the explanation on how fission works is totally incorrect in this video but it is fine for a grade-school explanation.
I don't think it's safe to handle fuel rods the way shown in the video
and you would know right ?
They are perfectly safe to handle before they begin their process of nuclear fission 😊
ウラン鉱石の国際価格が非常に上昇しています。まあ、金属価格全般に言えますが・・・・・・。
1:21 Isn't it illegal for minors to operate heavy machinery?
Nuclear energy is safe, until it goes wrong...
Some day or the other, nuclear power plants always meet their fate. Some faulty machine and everything is gone leaving a trail of destruction.
"wwwwwhirrrrrrrrrr < clink > ..... "
LIKE.EVERYTHING.ELSE. Do you gave any ideas how many millions of people perished due to shoddy Dams? Should we stop constructiy Dams. And let's not forget about the Oil Spills and Coal mine coal mine collapses
That goes for anything in life
@@excpta2273 The extent of damage in nuclear industry is often irreversible, extremely damaging to the environment, and long-lasting. That doesn't happen with most of the things in our life.
Any one know how much total energy is required to mine and enrich uranium?? It looks like a hole lot of fossil fuel is used in the process. I wonder, would it be a smaller carbon foot print if we just used the fossil fuel to generate electricity? Diffidently would be safer.
actually, nuclear energy is pretty safe, and so far there have been no recorded incidents radioactive waste leakage, unlike coal power plants which dump the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. as for the energy used to extract uranium, its a tiny fraction of the energy that is produced by the uranium when it is fissioned
@@raptorthegamer5524 That does not answer the question. Like saying there is only a tiny amount of arsenic in my drinking water.
As for nuclear safety. Let me introduce you to my family who was exposed to a tiny nuclear cloud and all have cancer.
Just because there are no "recorded" incidents does not mean that are not happing and just being swept under the rug. Take a look at what is going on in Germany and their waste products.
I don't think you under stand the scale of the waste issue. Waste starts at the mining site to the process centers power plant and ALL those buildings and equipment is waste.
Several years ago a tiny amount of radioactive metal was acquired by a steel factory that made rebar for construction. Several buildings were built and luckily torn down. Now all that material is waste.
A better solution is to clean the coal plants and reduce the amount of resources we use. But that would require real effort on our part and NO one wants to do that.
This is NOT the case.
"uranium-235 contains two to three million times the energy equivalent of oil or coal. "
So..
1kg of coal ~ 8 kWh
1KG of U235 ~ 24,000,000 kWh
Where does the carbon from "burning" fuel go? How much CO2 does the 24,000,000 kWh from uranium produce?
@@davidkennedy7630 Not disputing that uranium has more energy per pound than any fossil fuel. BUT
What do you think the fuel is for mining the ore, Transporting the ore, Processing the ore, manufacturing the fuel, transporting the fuel to the reactor. Building the reactor, dismantling the reactor , Digging the hole for burring the waste, shipping the waste, guarding the waste, by the way all the mining equipment in nuclear waste along with the shipping containers processing and manufacturing plants.
Where does all that radioactive bits that are dropped along the way go?
I know carbon dioxide is not going to kill me. I know radiation will make my quality of life much worse.
Not promoting coal plants. natural gas is the way to go. it is renewable. and wont make you sick if you have a pound of it under your bed.
@@lostvisitor Probably the same as mining materials used to build wind mills, solar panels, etc?
Where does the toxic coal waste go? what about all the toxic chemicals used to build solar panels, where does it end up?
Kilo-for-Kilo it is hard to beat Uranium as a fuel source, even factoring in the extended storage of the waste products.
Do the math yourself, Bruce Nuclear produces 48,169 GWh of power annually. How much wind/solar would it take to equal this? what do we do at night or when there is no wind?
How much land would it take to build a solar/wind farm to create anywhere near that much power with similar reliability?
Lastly, natural gas WILL kill you.
"Natural gas can present immediate dangers at concentrations of 50,000 ppm."
This is why mercaptan is added, so you can smell it before it kills you.
hm
To hot to handle..
Thums down and do not recommend channel for the robot voice.
This presentation has a severe fallacy built in: what you are watching IS Saskatchewan uranium being processed into nuclear fuel BUT there IS NO ENRICHMENT STEP for Canadian nuclear fuel. Our CANDU reactors use natural uranium (possible because of heavy moderator). Do some real research, not scraping together of some industry produced photo shots.
This shouldn’t be on TH-cam, we have too much evil in the world
Tell the Truth. It's not for making electricity is it ?? It's for Making NUCLEAR WEAPONS 😢😢😢😢
These are CANDU reactor fuel bundles . There is absolutely no enrichment of the uranium in the process of building these fuel bundles in the thumbnail.
This bundling method is used in multiple types of reactors.
The round ones are, and you are right. CANDU bundles are typically made from natural uranium. However, there were also the square bundles. Those are enriched, typically about 4-5% US235
Narrative way too fast.
Not so "green".
What are you vegan? Stop being so gay lol
I was so interested but i couldnt do it cause that AI voice was so irritating
You do not distinguish between U235 and U238 very well it is the increase of proportion of U235 via centrafuge which is called enrichment;you only say the U235 can cause a chain reaction - you don't make it clear that U238 is useless in the reactor; and that only the U235 splits. You don't say how these chemical reactions take place you use useless words like - it is treated by acid - not very informative, why not even more vaughe - it uses a process or it is changed or something is done to it. Pretty much a useless video.
The RoboVoice is just freaking awful. :/