Island Devastated by Volcanic Eruption; Ruang Volcano Generates a Tsunami
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 พ.ค. 2024
- One of the strongest volcanic eruptions in the last century is believed to have wiped out a majority of Ruang Island's structures. This eruption was larger than the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, and even led to the generation of a tsunami. Hundreds of homes and structures were damaged, with this all occurring due to Ruang's 210 minute long plinian eruption. This video will discuss exactly what occurred in the last 36 hours at Indonesia's Ruang volcano.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] PVMBG (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi) (Indonesia)
[2] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger and are not Ruang's 2024 eruption or Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai's 2022 eruption are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission
[3] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231-1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by / geologyhub on Oct 5th, 2022.
[4] NASA Worldview, EOSDIS Worldview, (Satellite imagery: Terra / MODIS), at worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
0:00 A Destructive Eruption
0:32 Ash Plume
1:35 Plinian Eruption
2:31 A Tsunami is Generated
3:12 Larger Than St. Helens
Ruang’s eruption size is likely going to debated for some time. However, with a confirmed minimum DRE of 0.67 km^3, it isn’t much of a stretch to the say the overall eruption since April 16th could be classified as a VEI 5. This marks the first VEI 5 (& not larger) eruption to occur since the 2011-2012 eruption of Chile’s Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano.
isnt the eruption in Tonga from 2022 officially VEI 5?
@@stfjinkiojd I'm not a geologist, but iirc the Tonga eruption is in a weird spot because most of its explosive power was due to seawater mixing with lava. It was certainly the most powerfully explosive eruption in recent memory, but if VEI is based on tephra then it might not technically reach this level.
Wouldn’t it be fair just to say the eruption this morning was a low end vei 5 at 1 cubic km of tephra because that was my estimate before this video came out
I was under the impression that hunga tonga haapai got upgraded to a 5 after the crater study?
@@mrspeigle1no bro everyone is thinking the eruption is a vei6 with a ash and steam column of 55km I think and it sent shock waves around the world multiple times
I glad that there are no fatalities (so far).
Thank you for your updates
Within a few days, the inhabitants of Ruang lost their entire livelihood and Ruang itself lost its entire biosphere with wild animals, plants and certainly also the livestock of the islanders. I feel sorry for this from the bottom of my heart.
I do to but you know- it is a volcano, same scenario around so many volcanoes
It's not over yet
When the eruption subsides, wildlife would return back but i'm not sure with the villagers since govt may going to place the entire island as exclusion zone for human inhabitation in the near future.
@@ignatiusryd2031 It will take awhile. Look at the 2018 ERZ eruption of Kilauea through Leilani Estates taking out the tide pools, lagoon, and the 350 yr old crater lake. Volcanoes give and they take away.
"entire biosphere" ????????
Get a clue.
Yes, it's a major incident, you don't need to encourage the paparazzi.
So glad the area where the lava bomb hit the house was already evacuated so no one there got hurt! Hopefully, no one else has been hurt elsewhere! My heart goes out to all of the people affected by this volcano's eruptions!
So good to hear the people are listening and all the authorities are working well together to minimize any loss of life.
Im currently in Manado and yesterday the sky was like sunset the whole day. Also, bad day for allergic people like me. Cant imagine how it is in Tagulandang, but I hope them the best.
Sending wishes for safety and peace to all in your region. ❤
scary. always wear masker.
Yes you can't imagine things. You really can't.
volcanic lightning is one of the most mesmerizing things on earth
It looks so evil. Just crazy
The thing is. Volcanoes like Earthquakes ARE electrical and are strongly correlated with coronal holes on the sun.
@@TheBelrick no, it's because of the interactions of the particles in the plume, that is one of the dumbest things I've ever heard
@@TheBelrick”Mr. Madison, what you have just said is one of the most insanely idiotic things I have ever heard. At no point in your rambling, incoherent response were you even close to anything that could be considered a rational thought. Everyone in this room is now dumber for having listened to it.”
@@aroncanapa5796 "interactions of the particles in the plume"== a charlatan waving his hands and mumbling jumbo just to impress naive people.
Those particles gained immense electrical charge.
The earth is in an electrical circuit with the sun. Hello kid, ever heard of the "solar wind" and even auroras?
Ever heard of upwards lightning? Doubt it mr sycophant.
It’s almost criminal that this isn’t being covered on the BBC in the UK 🇬🇧 to date. Maybe give them a nudge? Thankyou for what you do.
Glad someone else noticed that! Not even on Science pages of website!
BBC is a propaganda outlet for the chosen cult.
I know right the only "mainstream news coverage" I've seen that even addresses this eruption is Reuters and that gave barely any information at all other than that evacuations occurred due to a major eruption.
😳This report is the first time I've heard about this massive geological event! Nobody's talking about it! This is such BIG news!?!😢🙏🙏🙏
That video clip at the beginning is simply awesome to behold.
How did you come up with your username?
@@alexdrockhound9497
th-cam.com/video/bGSh52EZiPc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Q_Khnt5WlikAAy_Q
@@alexdrockhound9497OP often eats upside down underwater. Pretty cool.
@@alexdrockhound9497
th-cam.com/video/bGSh52EZiPc/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Q_Khnt5WlikAAy_Q
@@alexdrockhound9497 It came from a comment my coworker, Lenny Leonard at the Springfield Nuclear Powerplant made in response to Frank Grimes. (R.I.P. Grimey!)
Big shout out to the affected community including the government response. Well done and thank your neighbors.
Government response?
Lmao what an idiot. Those are people helping. The government doesn't have hands to help, only fiat money.
God bless the workers!
Indeed
What's next, did I miss the alert level in the video, or do they expect it to stop here?
@@DR_1_1 The alert level is still at its' highest mark at last glance.
Goodness, what a terrifying situation. I hope the death toll remains at 0 and injuries stay non-life threatening. My heart goes out for those affected. This has been a rough volcano year already for a lot of people across the world.
Im a province away from the Ruang volcano (pronounced Roo-ang, with 'a' as in arson). The ash reached my place 12 hours after the eruption, accumulating thin layers around 0.2 mm thick on the surfaces till today. I'm grateful and keep praying for the safety of the civilians in nearby area.
Thanks!
Thank you so much for these updates.
As always, you explain things in a very clear manner that most laypersons can grasp, as well as give good cautionary notes on what you do not know, as well as what is currently known. I have been pointing people to your channel for some time, and will continue to do so specifically for your reliablity. Many thanks for your hard work!
thanks for the update
glad people heeded the warnings
Thank you for the coverage of this and the information. Glad the warnings were heeded and helpers were there.
I saw someone on Facebook filming the aftermath in Laingpatehi, that village in the western part of Ruang. It seems to have been struck by pyroclastic flows and was wiped out like Plymouth in Montserrat.
With as many volcanoes that Indonesia has, the population is smart to listen to warnings and follow directions. While the country may not be as developed as others, they know their volcanoes.
Well. Volcanoes and Ocean both are our entire history. We even worship them as God's dwelling at some point 😅
It’s the sound that is hellish, I only heard it recently and it was terrifying
Thank you for reporting on this. Glad no reports of death have come in.
I remember a couple days ago, you called a warning. You were right on. Thank you.
This is best for all GEOLOGY NEWS, so share it with friends, enemies, and everyone you want to communicate an intelligent report about geology news.
So much information, accurate without exaggeration, and very very much appreciated! Good work!
No fatalities is simply amazing!
I'm sure your warning yesterday helped some also, good on you being so attentive 👊
Thanks a lot for all your hard work!
Man this decade has been quite active already!
The end of a 12,000 year age doesn’t happen overnight
@@thomastevelde8547yep, and only worsening too
The only way out is through.
wow VEI 5 the same as Mount St Helens
Oh wow.😱
I think the big difference is that St Helens was mostly one explosive event where this had been three and counting.
@@silmarian well Mount St Helens was VEI 5
Greater than st Helen's eruption actually. Largest vei 5 since 1982
@@zoomcenter Yes, but it was VEI 5 all at once, this was VEI 5 over 3 explosive events. I’m not saying it’s better or worse, whatever that would mean in an event like this, but it is a difference.
This reminds me of Krakatoa and Pinatubo, which is a very ominous sign.
May God be with all who are affected by this disaster.
I would guess seeing eruptions like this gave religions their concept of hell, with it being down below the ground. So glad nobody got hurt!
Given that the concept of "hell" came into the lexicon of Christianity from the underworld/Hades of Hellenic mythology yes that is correct. The Medieval period VEI 3 eruption of Campi Flegrei played a big role in the cementing the modern picture of hell in particular.
Brimstone is even the name for the solid form of native elemental sulfur deposits which form around volcanoes and their fumaroles.
There is even some evidence to suggest that the Norse mythology of Ragnarok and the initiation via Fimbulwinter may be connected to the volcanic winter produced by a major Icelandic eruption.
These eruptions have been quite wild. I know that VEI 5's happen every decade or few decades, it is surreal to see an eruption at least rivaling that of the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens again. It is a true miracle that no one died.
As other people have stated, the eruption footage is surreal. The eruption column nearest to the Ruang volcano's vent looks like it is glowing at very high temperatures. While much smaller than the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, one can see why "pillars of fire" were some of the eruption's descriptions.
I had an argument with someone on the 17th about how this is or isn't Indonesia's biggest eruption in the 21st century
Well I think what has just unfolded settled that debate
I love that you used a no on kid outside no helmet yes helmet yes pot on head. Love it.
PVMBG said, there is a possibility that the mountain will collapse into a caldera because the eruption was too big and cause a large tsunami like in Hunga Tonga-Hunga Huapai or Krakatoa. If an eruption of that size occurs, it is certain that Tagulandang Island will be completely destroyed and the safe distance should be at least 30km, not 7km for an eruption of that size.
Yikes, doesn't this mean that there is even a bigger eruption possible?
@@AVENSAB727 If the pilinian type eruption happened again more powerful than the last one and lasted for more than certain amount of time then yes, the possibilities of the caldera collapsed may occured. In the most lenient scenario, partial collapse to the sea and generate destructive tidal waves to the nearby islands may occured. In the absolute worst case scenario, we are now watching another volcano would end its spectacular fire show in the same fashion like Krakatoa or Tambora did in 1800's.
@@ignatiusryd2031
The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Huapai eruption was also a very large eruption that caused the mountain to collapse into a caldera. Well... even though it wasn't as big as Krakatoa in 1883, it was the latest example of a large eruption that caused a mountain to collapse into a caldera.
@@ignatiusryd2031
There are eruptions that are bigger than Plinian, namely Ultra Plinian, which usually causes the mountain to collapse into a caldera, and there is a Freatoplinian variant (phreatic + Plinian), namely a large eruption mixed with water that seeps into the magma through volcanic cracks and is then exposed to heat and heat. evaporates and increases the pressure drastically causing large and very loud explosions such as Krakatoa & Hunga Tonga-Hunga Huapai.Usually phreatoplinian eruptions occur when the mountain (in the sea) is about to collapse into a caldera
The concern being raised about a caldera collapse is seriously plausible given the geology and nature of these volcanos. In fact, it increasingly appears that the entire surrounding topology is partially made up of remnants of just such an event, long ago. Indonesia’s volcanos are astonishingly dangerous.
Ash cloud was filmed from above as ISS passed over the region.
My heart , prayers and best wishes for all of you
That „neighbour“ island actually looks like a even bigger volcano?❤
There is a theory that the entire group of islands around Ruang could be a whole caldera like the Krakatau islands but this is still debated
Its still debatable wherether the Tagulandang Island is a single (now dormant) volcano or as part of an ancient caldera that forms the archiepelago in that area.
Probably the same size eruption of glacier peak eruption few hundred years ago. Great update
Omg, I could not imagine how terrifying that would be! I am glad there has been no known loss of Life 😢😢😢
You called it
You were spot on
Some areas of eastern Malaysia and southern Philippines have had flight cancellations due to volcanic ash at high altitude.
Thank you 🙏
God bless this man.
Incredible!
Thank you for this awesome update!
Hope you are doing well❤
Thanks for the update and hard work.
So...as an Australian I have to ask if this will have climactic effects in the Southern Hemisphere.
Thank you for sharing. Great information! 😊
Measuring the amount of tephra will be very difficult because majority of ejecta probably fell into the sea to the west of the Ruang.
Dodging the bullet on pyroclastic flows and tsunamis. so lucky.
Indonesia on top of their disaster plans!
Indeed.
I think they learn from the devastating krakatau's tsunami in 2018.
It's the only country that got hit by tsunami twice a year. It happened in 2018 and only 2 months apart.
Thank you for the information
Could this eruption possibly be a low end VEI 6?
No, because it is no where near the minimum tephra emission to qualify as a possible VEI 6. Minimum tephra emission for a VEI 6 is 10 km³ which Pinatubo in 1991 just barely exceeded.
Good golly... this is one hell of a beast. Everyone within hundreds of miles of that demon in the ground has a lot to worry about.
I’m more curious what this will do to the weather for the next few years???
Probably nothing because it takes a pretty huge eruption to put out enough SO2 to lead to a global cooling. The total output of these eruptions was about 1 km³. Mt Pinatubo erupted for 15 hours produced up to 10 km³ of tephra which is 10 X as much as Ruang did. The amount of tephra produced is somewhat proportional to the SO2 produced. And yet this only led to a cooling of about 1 F for about a year.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 I appreciate this response.
Thanks.
Good video. Thanks.
How many eruption reached stratosphere in the recorded history? Is it happening more often or just more coverage?
More coverage. More and more people are having phones that have cameras and an internet connection. If there's 3, 4 or 5G signal coverage then people can record an event and upload it within seconds or minutes.
@@sigisoltau6073that’s not counting the major eruptions that occurred before smartphones
Also, events like this can be seen by satellite even in the most remote, uninhabited areas of the world.
Pretty sure most Plinian eruptions that are VEI5 and above reach the stratosphere
@@sigisoltau6073yes, we could have missed some eruptions from the pre-smartphones era, but at the same time we could have not missed them.
I'm 52 and i have seen so many volcanic sunset the last few years, pretty much every day during pandemic (a very large eruption in russia was not the top story back then)
Is if done or is it building again like krakatoa done in 1883 before its big one
This is not good news,thanks for the continued updates. 😮.Greg in Canada 🇨🇦..
WOW! You called it correctly.
Thanks for this.
If we take the figures you supplied and assume for a moment them to be correct, is there any likelihood that this will impact on the Southern Hemisphere winter?
Just recalling the impact of Pinatubo in 1991 on New Zealand's winter in 1992 and the summer that (didn't) follow it.
probably not as of right now. pinatubo ejected over 5 cubic km of ash into the atmosphere over the course of it's eruption in '91 which far exceeds this one. now if this one continues to have subsequent eruptions over the coming days/weeks maybe.
I've seen footage of the damage in Laingpatehi, (only 2.5 km west from the crater, the cloud was moving in that direction) and the amount of ash is comparable to other VEI 4 eruptions.
Cool.
Wow. 😢
Hungatonga was bigger correct? V6? But different type of eruption so the comparisons are different
Bummer!!😢
The power of nature is truly sobering!
fascinating while truly tragic.
Hello , IM from north Sulawesi,indonesia. Hope all of you can pray for US here. Cause there is tsunami warning
Was the tsunami alert just procedural, to make sure? The whole area was already evacuated right?
that much tephra sent up so high from both eruptions. will that have an affect like that big one a year or two ago did?
More likely no effect or a very minor effect. The Honga Tonga actually caused a slight warming how much?? because of the enormous amount of sea water it threw up high in the atmosphere.
These Ruang eruptions produced 1/10th the amount of tephra that Pinatubo did in its 1991 eruption but almost 1/4th as much SO2. It is the SO2 in large quantities that can cool the climate for a year as happened after the Pinatubo eruption.
That produced 12 million tons of SO2 vs 2.6 million from these 3 Ruang eruptions which probably isn't enough to cause any cooling of the climate
Wow in Indonesia no media show this ..
On another certain channel, it says 4 000 houses were destroyed so it's a relief that the figure is about 350.
It looks like everyone evacuated safely, hope their animals were saved too. We had an outbreak of wildfires about 7 years ago, and it was shocking to see that many people had evacuated as a precaution, but left their dogs tied and chained up. The same happened when we had floods, and many were actually drowned, the puppies too as they didn't want to leave their mothers. Mind you, for some it must have been a relief, tied up with no shelter or shade, bred every 6 months, starving and riddled with parasites, ticks and fleas, some being eaten alive by maggots. So now we only help relief efforts for animals in disaster circumstances, as they get no official or government funding.
Thx for giving prelim vei rating. And stating it could be debated.
But do we think it is done? Are there volcanic earthquakes? I'm guessing it blew out sensors in some areas....
CNN said low but could affect weather. So I think they are obscuring a vei6 total to avoid panic shopping food hoarding.
It matters to me as a zoologist and anthropologist going to mountains. In 1991-2 i got snow locked in july up mt baker Snoqualmie natnl forest because of a volcano !!!( and got hypothermia in zoology field work )
Those weather anomalies were likely due to the after effects of Pinatubo’s vei 6 eruption in 1991
_The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Chris Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982._ The scale starts at 0 and tops out at 8, in case you were like me and saying to yourself, "This acronym and number in the thumbnail are useless without knowing what kind of scale it is and where '5' would be located on it." You're welcome.
I wish I could help them. Prayers with them
Well you called it a couple of days ago....hope they did evacuate everyone in time.
Once all this has calmed down can you do a piece on the buckle crater? I'm not even sure if it legit or not.
No buckle, burckle crater in the Indian Ocean.
The real question is if these eruptions continue. Like many larger eruptions in the past they are often preceded by eruptions growing in magnitude
It’s possible
1:00 The labels for before & after completely mask what we need to see!
Any news on the SO2 output?
Look on the chart at 3:20 which shows the tephra and SO2 emissions from the 3 eruptions. The SO2 is 2.6 million tons. For comparison that is less than a quarter produced by the Pinatubo eruption in 1991.
Any potential climate impacts from this?
( topic suggestion)I am enjoying this topic coverage in detail. But could we hear more on any underlying the new old Nevada geysers
That had a lot of views. So an update would be much appreciated to the sierras people like myself.
How will all the ash impact global weather?
Hiiii! First comment for once! I hope all of the people got out in time.
Magmatic birth.
I asked yesterday re the spread of ash over 3 eruptions ruang. So can you NOT project, forecast expected rain results and follow seemingly heaven rain over 6 months. I believe in can dust affects the balance aloft of rain making invisible dust..
I thought after tonga i followed rain events even in n america . Thx even if u can not
I’m wondering if the whole island might be destroyed if the magma chamber empties and the volcano collapses.
Vulcanian explosion ejected 0.06 km³ of tephra? It's the volume you estimated was ejected in the 2023 eruption of Ulawun with a plume having 20 km in height and between 100 and 150 km in diameter. Something isn't right.
He's referring to the actual volume of the tephra; this is the dimensions of the plume containing it. that you're alluding to.
@@jamesengland7461 I think he estimated the volume based on the size of the cloud. I don't know for sure.
Not the place to be.
This is the second video where you say to ash column blasted 25 km/82,000' feet high. I'm wondering where you got that figure, as Reuters reports:
Footage shared by Indonesia's disaster agency showed strikes of lightning flashing above Ruang's crater, as fiery red clouds of lava and rocks were projected into the air and rained down around the island.
The volcanology agency said the eruption column reached 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) high...
Lava 5km ash 25km
@@CavHDeu Ah, thank you. Wow.
Please saves the animals
Sounds like it has a new water source fueling the blasts! Until it is clogged up it will keep building up and popping like this!
As a daily watcher of volcanoes i definitely notice that the entire Pacific rim is set off BUT California Oregon. Any thoughts on why? Is it the strike slip fault holding up only temporarily? So NOT pushing magma up to sierras?
Or are our volcanoes dormant and only pushing idaho to Wyoming.
That is what it sounds like?
But wouldn't that make the south volcanoes reactivate?
It's not so much the strike slip plate boundaries that lead to the most eruptions, but the subduction zone plate boundaries. The West Coast volcanoes have been much more active in the past. North California up to southern BC are where Cascade range runs which is all volcanic because of the Juan dd Fuco plate subducting under the coast. Why that isn't more active is hard to say. I'll leave that to a geologist. I am merely an interested bystander who has studied geology though not intensively.
Anyway the Cascades are not as active as say the volcanoes along the Aleutian Islands which is also a subduction zone.
The Cascade volcanoes are somewhat unusual for subduction volcanoes as the crust at time of subduction is only 9 to 13 million years old. This means the crust isn't as settled cold and or saturated in water as typical at cold subduction zones. The consequence of this is that higher temperatures are needed to generate melts than is needed at cold subduction arcs. The next relatively unique aspect of the Cascadia subduction zone is that there is a high sedimentation rate largely fed by glaciation which has filled in the Subduction zone trench with sufficient fluids to cause these sediments to undergo mineralization primarily into sandstones and mudstones. This means that there is more of the subduction zone surface which is in contact under frictional loading in terms of both compressive and translational strains keeping the subduction zone under high locked stress. These sediments are also fed into melts which changes melt chemistry of magmas but doesn't lead to the heavy overprinting of aqueous rich melts seen in cold subduction zones.
Another point of mention is that subduction zones appear to undergo periods of increased and decreased activity relative to the exact orientation of slab angle and fluctuations in that rate plus possibly other factors at play. This again means that subduction zones are a complex beast with the Cascadia subduction zone being one of the most peculiar due to the young age of subducting crust the translational offset and the extreme sedimentation loading. I suspect the Cascades may be in one of these lulls which may very well be related to the heavily locked configuration of the subduction zone.
The magma in the Sierras has a bit different of an origin as that is more of a rifting environment where the Sierra Nevada Great Valley block is in the process of being torn off the continent due to the differential motion between North America and the Pacific plates. Like other continental rift zones the volcanism there is bimodal generally a mix between fresh basalts and rhyolites enriched from silica rich continental rocks/sediments. Melt generation of this type is more directly tectonic in origin akin to Iceland but with the still somewhat thicker albeit thinning crust generally meaning less magmatic intrusions reach the surface.
I agree with what @GeologyHub is saying in this video. A VEI: 5 eruption from Ruang.
Can we have a campi flegrei update?
It probably will erupt in the next 100 years in a mostly effusive eruption like the one at La Palma and may lead to some airports closures. Nothing to worry about at least from now.
@@filipesiegrist I contest the choice of comparison volcano as from what I have read in the literature based on historical eruptions the most likely outcome is likely a mid to upper VEI 3 or low VEI 4 eruption so an eruption would likely be larger than La Palma a low end VEI 3 and furthermore chemically Campi Flegrei's eruptions are considerably more siliceous in behavior than La Palma's mafic primitive magmas and Campi Flegrei like other nearby Italian volcanoes is also quite highly enrichhed in alkaline elements with eruptive products varying from phonolite to trachyte though evidence of magma mixing with mafic components is seen in pretty much all of its major eruptions to some extent.
The majority of its 60+ eruptions since the latter of its two caldera forming ignimbrites ~40+ thousand years ago appear to fall within the VEI 3 to 4 range.
While La Palma was a VEI 3 eruption it was of considerably different character dominated by strombolian activity as a rapid ascent gas rich mafic magma. Campi Flegrei has produced strombolian activity but due to its more siliceous character lava dome construction and Vulcanian eruptive outbursts from lava dome collapse as well as even Plinian eruptions are also quite possible. The only known Holocene magmatic eruption (i.e. excluding the one documented phreatic eruption that preceded Monte Nuovo) which was not at least a mid to upper end VEI 3 was a period of lava dome construction which followed a VEI 5 Plinian eruptive sequence. Additionally most of Campi Flegrei's eruptions involve phreatomagmatic activity and all involve pyroclastic flows even during its more effusive eruptions.
While its phonolite magmas can and do form what could be described as blocky lava flows the explosiveness of its eruptive activity can not be underestimated as this is a system which can always be expected to produce pyroclastic flows one of the most dangerous volcanic hazards. La Palma is thus not a good comparison in terms of what to expect when Campi Flegrei erupts again.
Attempting to use La Palma as a baseline of what to expect and prepare for is likely going to get people killed as La Palma lacked the main danger from Campi Flegrei, the pyroclastic flows.
seem like a big shockwave as you can see in a satellite video many clouds spontaneously appear(due to a pressure wave) all at the same time far apart
That's interesting!
Another great vid. Can you tell us how much Co2, Co, ME and other such gasses are being ejected? Thanks!
The most abundant gas released by the 3 Ruang eruptions was SO2 as noted on the chart at 3:20 about 2.6 million tons. I haven't seen any data for other gases though I'm sure the CO2 produced was several hundred thousand tons.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 Thank you.