@@kitnanaai he literally has sources to everything. Just because you're a bigot, doesn't mean everyone is hateful. What you find "fake" comes from peer reviewed research. And no, his book is literally on Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas. But what he does point out is that things are nuanced. It's you and your overlords who want the country to think that "Arabs and Persians" (your stupidity is clearly shown when you don't add Turks here) were all marauders which they very clearly weren't. And also that rulers who weren't from those ethnic (we all know why you chose those ethnicities: because of your hatred of Muslims) groups, that is "Hindu" or Jain or Buddhist or any other religious affiliation (rulers mostly had multiple religions, even Akbar was an almost Jain), those rulers could be extremely violent too.
What a beautiful and wonderful conversation, with so much respect and admiration for each other despite the major age and experience differences. This conversation has been incredibly enlightening for me on multiple fronts, and deeply grateful to both of you for sharing your researched knowledge with the world. I've gained valuable information that extends far beyond the surface, and can't thank you enough for the wealth of insight and wonder you've imparted. Jai Shree Ram 💐🥰🙏
Late M. Krishnan, Naturalist and Photographer did some wonderful pictorial survey of Aihole, Pattadakkal, in his early years. When I asked him about what is so great about these temples(ignorantly, I mean) he answered in his inimical style, " they are not older than some Chola temples, but their architecture is unique and they represent the watershed moment of marriage of North and South Indian architecture." Thank you DHF, for the wonderful, but short interaction with the stalwarts in the field. Requesting for a longer and in depth analysis of the Dravidian temples.
Love the balanced and scientific way this has been presented. A good counter to all the pseudo archaeology floating around on social media. We need more content like this.
4:00 there could have been wooden architecture and the wood has not survived. Remember seeing some reports about wooden temples in Lumbini from first millennium BCE as well as wooden architecture in Magadha kingdom and Persepolis. Surely that technology would have been known to people in Deccan. In early first millennium CE.
Amazing amazing conversation . Wish I could take a leave of a month and study these amazing temples of South India which people in the north know very little of. Thanks Anirudh for such an inspiring conversation
Badami chalukyas architecture starts from 4th century, the mother land of so called dravidian architecture & nagara architecture which spread later to the south & north india.
The discussion doesnot give clear cut inference. probably a civil engineers outlook is missing. Basically everything orriginated from Timberr or TEAK constructions . This as replicated in cave cutting. Indians took the column beam design in buddhist cave cutting structures. The origin lies in buddhist caves .The design of a hall or sabha ,mandap and a garbha griha hosting the idol has been carried from buddhist caves . The caves have column beams cut to support the ceiling. Olden caves had huge columns and beams . As the knoledge of structural stability progressed the columns and beams became morre slender and unsupporrted spans in beteen the columns increased . As the technic of self standing temples having columns and beams assembled in parts ,interlocking by male -female joints developed the solid foundation or jakati and architectural pattern of ardh sabha mandap , sabha mandap ,antrali , garbha griha developed . Aihole is a typical example of experimentation of self standing temples having different architectural styles and shapes . Finally the style of increasing shikhara became finalised the garbha griha has the tallest shikhara.. The oldest self standing temple can be seen in the sanchi complex in madhya pradesh. it is a buddhist temple having small entrance or ardha sabha mandap and garbhagriha. All buddhist structures are cave cuttings. after the birth of hinduism self standing stone temples evolved. Intial hindu temples are also cave cuttings as found in Badami, ellora and Udaygiri caves near vidisha. The tall gopuram in south Indian temples is a later development .
The multitude of south Indian Temple architecture is as complicated as can be, the various dynasties of various epochs may not be easy to differentiated. Then the style and technology, for instance the lathe works, or the stone chains, or the musical pillars, may not be easy to pinpoint. Then there were admixture from the north. Then there are examples from outside, like Egypt. However, south India is a brilliant chapter of human endeavor.
Early temples were wooden like kerala architecture, kerala wooden architecture is also what we see in ajanta paintings so wooden temples are oldest style.
The day an Indian learns to dig like the European is the day we'll get more than these rehashes of the same material with just an added gloss here or there.
Investing in something like archaeology will only happen when the social and economic status of a society grows. The Europeans have had at least a 100-150 year head start thanks to the riches they managed to amass through imperialism. India's time in the sun is just emerging and as our material status grows, so will interest in archeology. No one's going to be interested in digging for history if they're busy digging for food and water on empty bellies.
3:43 already wrong lol Maybe Dr. Michell is not caught up on the last 10 years or research into the topic but it is very clear Pallavas had the first stone temples in South India and that style was exported out to the Chalukyas....
It is already clear that chalukyas were the pioneers in architecture from aihole to pattadkal, aihole cradle of Indian temple architecture starting from 4th century, pallavas copied it when they attacked badami & destroyed many temples ,buildings , looted statues also & they took artisans also, but when Vikramaditya 2 occupied kanchipuram 3 times by defeating the pallavas he didn't destroyed any temples or looted, he itself donated to it because chalukyas respect arts architecture they know the value of it , because they created it first & also many artisans from aihole badami have worked in pallavas temples.
It is already clear that chalukyas were the pioneers in architecture from aihole to pattadkal, aihole cradle of Indian temple architecture starting from 4th century, pallavas copied it when they attacked badami & destroyed many temples ,buildings , looted statues also & they took artisans also, but when Vikramaditya 2 occupied kanchipuram 3 times by defeating the pallavas he didn't destroyed any temples or looted, he itself donated to it because chalukyas respect arts architecture they know the value of it , because they created it first & also many artisans from aihole badami have worked in pallavas temples.
One problem I have with the mainstream dating of the Indian temples is there is so guess work going on, in my town near Kanchipuram we have many temples, the historians dated all them in single century, but even a child can look at it tell that those temples couldn't have built in same century, one looks almost new, and the other degraded to point it's hard to identify statues, yet no signs of manmade damage and nature couldn't have done because the temple only 1 or 2 km apart. It's just baffling to me in south India they dated almost all ancient temples form 7th century to 11th century, that almost 90% of the temples in that range, it like everyone in India had nothing to do in those 400 years expect for sculpting and building temples. And when evidence like Mahabalipuram undersea temple staring and screaming at them much older time for stone architectures in south. They just ignore that and pretend that they didn't exist. It's not even that hard to see, if you know where to look you can see the top of vimana from the Mahabalipuram beach temple, it's just 2 to 3 km away from the shore.
The greatest & most beautiful temples of the world were from tamils ..tamil architecture is also called dravidian architecture ..from here it spread across south & south east asia ..cholas & khmers had some of the greatest architects in history ..
Khmer architecture was heavily influenced by Tamil architecture. I had the chance to visit Angkor Wat and found several Tamil based inscriptions on the these walls. The Tamil Pallava and Chola Empires had huge influence in these regions. Rajendra Chola the great after conquering southern Karnataka protected the Khmer king Suryavarman against his enemies and secured for him the throne of the Khmer kingdom.
Absolutely not it's absurd to think that there was a verbal transmission of this kind of complexity; this was all written down there's millions of untranslated Sanskrit manuscripts with details about building temples...it's all in the literature. The problem is that the experts on architecture don't know squat about Sanskrit and Tamil literature and vice versa
@@barryobrien1890 Prakrit was the common man's form of Sanskrit It was prevalent in most parts of India Sanskrit was used by the elite and by master craftsmen, vaidyas, Mariners and such. Other wise the local language.
@@svacharya8180Yes, there seems to have been quite a number of Prakrit dialects across India. This architecture is from a much later time, likely after Prakrit and old Sanskrit had been replaced by their more modern evolutions
He said we don't know, we have only limited information and knowledge about Temple Architectures. he is completely confused. he want to mention that this is not south Indian Architecture it was came from Decan. There was lot of temple evolutions took place in the south even before Cholas. Todays south Indian Temple architectures were the result of the Old Tamil kingdoms temple architecture. later its had spread across the Indian subcontinent with little changes, adopted local designs as well.
Nice video, aihole the cradle of Indian temples architecture. Dravidian architecture invented by Chalukyas in aihole & later spread it across the south india.
@@raghuls1515vesara style was a later one which was invented by kalyani Chalukyas, that to those are just theories on base of some later text books related to architecture after the aihole badami Pattadakal construction, these naming are later ones so called dravidian nagara vesara, all the so called dravidian nagara vesara architecture was started origin from karnataka and later spread to rest of India & south east asia countries through powerfull Ayyavole 500 guilds merchants from karnataka . First read history properly not just fake history by tamil wiki etc.😃😀🤣
Indian temple atchitecture has a functionality aspect to the aka the devalaya vastu, i have seen most of the areas they are talking about and i thinknthis aapect has been overlooked, bring your measuring instruments and map the sky, these temples are deaigned for a purpose, look into it, you will be surprised
When we send our own children to job seeking rat races. Talented minds are pushed away. Those who are interested are told that such things won't get you a job (which is understandable since it's difficult) But the blatant truth is, a lot of us Indians are proud surface level and just don't question enough. We don't go deeper. We find truths we don't like and disregard it. Plus Indian academia is very toxic, a lot of Profs make things harder for new Ph.D students. There is a grip of ego in our country's high Levels of knowledge. Only a few great Indian Scholars have over come across this. But thier names are not known because we don't teach our children about them and what they found.
Non Indian Indologists will have their own agenda of studying about Indian history. Can't believe them even if they have spent decades. The aspects mentioned in the books written by them certainly distort many information as they don't have exposure to our land and culture. I don't endorse personally.
It is interesting to note that the Pallava and Chola architecture of Tamil Nadu is vastly superior to the Kannada architecture of the Chalukyas. It is also no wonder that Tamil has a much older literature than Kannada.
@@MainHyderabadi There is a reason why the Tamil Pallava script spread to Southeast Asia and not any other Indian scripts. Only Tamil and Sanskrit inscriptions were found in Southeast Asia but not any Kannada inscriptions. Because Southeast Asia was dominated by Tamil merchant guilds which reached its peak during the reign of the Chola Empire. In this video a desperate Kannada historian tries to find something which does not exist. Tamil temples are much larger in size than Kannada temples. The oldest Tamil inscriptions are much older than Kannada inscriptions and were even found in foreign countries. And Tamil has an ancient Sangam literature which does not exist in Kannada history. These are hard facts which can not be disputed.
Praveen Mohan is a clown who sees aliens and dinosaurs everywhere. He is a delusional conspiracy theorist who spreads hogwash and pseudoscience. He's the one discrediting the knowledge and skills of our ancestors by implying "oh it must've been aliens!"
Any discussion about temples without taking into account shiva teachings in agamas is a waste of time. That's why there's so much talk about "missing links... we don't know...." all simply because you don't look at the agamas
In India locals always boast their language and culture and every 1000+ language speaking people in this country claim they're the very superior language and culture don't give truthful and useful information moreover they hardly have any archeological or historical knowledge across India.
![[DRIP] ‘Love, Maybe’ PREVIEW](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/U7hwHp95m1k/mqdefault.jpg)
Been reading Dr Michell's book on the Western Chalukya Architecture, love the video! Anirudh is a treat like always
What’s a treat with him? He comes up with fake history in all his Print videos as if everything inside India was given to us by Arabs and Persians.
@@kitnanaai he literally has sources to everything. Just because you're a bigot, doesn't mean everyone is hateful. What you find "fake" comes from peer reviewed research. And no, his book is literally on Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas. But what he does point out is that things are nuanced. It's you and your overlords who want the country to think that "Arabs and Persians" (your stupidity is clearly shown when you don't add Turks here) were all marauders which they very clearly weren't. And also that rulers who weren't from those ethnic (we all know why you chose those ethnicities: because of your hatred of Muslims) groups, that is "Hindu" or Jain or Buddhist or any other religious affiliation (rulers mostly had multiple religions, even Akbar was an almost Jain), those rulers could be extremely violent too.
Dr. Michelle is a very knowledgeable person.
i inspired by this conversation and went to see aihole and pattadakal from chennai. it was amazing
What a beautiful and wonderful conversation, with so much respect and admiration for each other despite the major age and experience differences. This conversation has been incredibly enlightening for me on multiple fronts, and deeply grateful to both of you for sharing your researched knowledge with the world. I've gained valuable information that extends far beyond the surface, and can't thank you enough for the wealth of insight and wonder you've imparted. Jai Shree Ram 💐🥰🙏
Yes, a beautiful and fascinating conversation. 👌
Late M. Krishnan, Naturalist and Photographer did some wonderful pictorial survey of Aihole, Pattadakkal, in his early years. When I asked him about what is so great about these temples(ignorantly, I mean) he answered in his inimical style, " they are not older than some Chola temples, but their architecture is unique and they represent the watershed moment of marriage of North and South Indian architecture." Thank you DHF, for the wonderful, but short interaction with the stalwarts in the field. Requesting for a longer and in depth analysis of the Dravidian temples.
I am 84 and had met Mr Krishnan a few times about half a century back. And surely you meant inimitable?
Love the balanced and scientific way this has been presented. A good counter to all the pseudo archaeology floating around on social media. We need more content like this.
Wonderful people who work in a field that is less interesting for not only the masses, but also for even the special ones.
4:00 there could have been wooden architecture and the wood has not survived. Remember seeing some reports about wooden temples in Lumbini from first millennium BCE as well as wooden architecture in Magadha kingdom and Persepolis. Surely that technology would have been known to people in Deccan. In early first millennium CE.
Amazing amazing conversation . Wish I could take a leave of a month and study these amazing temples of South India which people in the north know very little of. Thanks Anirudh for such an inspiring conversation
A pleasure to watch this discussion
Hi Michelle.
Have not met since we visited Hampi in the 1980s .
Hope all is well with you.
Regards. Ashley (Sri Lanka)
Badami chalukyas architecture starts from 4th century, the mother land of so called dravidian architecture & nagara architecture which spread later to the south & north india.
It started with Gupta's
There are no temples from 4th century, earliest temple is from 7th century
@@subhuman3408 nope
Yes they are kannadigas
@@subhuman3408 It is in aihole karnataka.
Proud of Indian heritage ❤
The discussion doesnot give clear cut inference. probably a civil engineers outlook is missing. Basically everything orriginated from Timberr or TEAK constructions . This as replicated in cave cutting. Indians took the column beam design in buddhist cave cutting structures. The origin lies in buddhist caves .The design of a hall or sabha ,mandap and a garbha griha hosting the idol has been carried from buddhist caves . The caves have column beams cut to support the ceiling. Olden caves had huge columns and beams . As the knoledge of structural stability progressed the columns and beams became morre slender and unsupporrted spans in beteen the columns increased . As the technic of self standing temples having columns and beams assembled in parts ,interlocking by male -female joints developed the solid foundation or jakati and architectural pattern of ardh sabha mandap , sabha mandap ,antrali , garbha griha developed . Aihole is a typical example of experimentation of self standing temples having different architectural styles and shapes . Finally the style of increasing shikhara became finalised the garbha griha has the tallest shikhara.. The oldest self standing temple can be seen in the sanchi complex in madhya pradesh. it is a buddhist temple having small entrance or ardha sabha mandap and garbhagriha. All buddhist structures are cave cuttings. after the birth of hinduism self standing stone temples evolved. Intial hindu temples are also cave cuttings as found in Badami, ellora and Udaygiri caves near vidisha. The tall gopuram in south Indian temples is a later development .
Idol worship was introduced by
Buddhist & jains
As such earlier temples were budha chaithyalaya
Loll delusional
A Guru is always revered as Guru! My Guru!
Very good video!!
The multitude of south Indian Temple architecture is as complicated as can be, the various dynasties of various epochs may not be easy to differentiated. Then the style and technology, for instance the lathe works, or the stone chains, or the musical pillars, may not be easy to pinpoint. Then there were admixture from the north. Then there are examples from outside, like Egypt. However, south India is a brilliant chapter of human endeavor.
Early temples were wooden like kerala architecture, kerala wooden architecture is also what we see in ajanta paintings so wooden temples are oldest style.
The day an Indian learns to dig like the European is the day we'll get more than these rehashes of the same material with just an added gloss here or there.
Moreover, Indian don't read or rely on the already existing finest research works of our own genius nationalist scholars.
Investing in something like archaeology will only happen when the social and economic status of a society grows. The Europeans have had at least a 100-150 year head start thanks to the riches they managed to amass through imperialism.
India's time in the sun is just emerging and as our material status grows, so will interest in archeology. No one's going to be interested in digging for history if they're busy digging for food and water on empty bellies.
3:43 already wrong lol Maybe Dr. Michell is not caught up on the last 10 years or research into the topic but it is very clear Pallavas had the first stone temples in South India and that style was exported out to the Chalukyas....
It is already clear that chalukyas were the pioneers in architecture from aihole to pattadkal, aihole cradle of Indian temple architecture starting from 4th century, pallavas copied it when they attacked badami & destroyed many temples ,buildings , looted statues also & they took artisans also, but when Vikramaditya 2 occupied kanchipuram 3 times by defeating the pallavas he didn't destroyed any temples or looted, he itself donated to it because chalukyas respect arts architecture they know the value of it , because they created it first & also many artisans from aihole badami have worked in pallavas temples.
It is already clear that chalukyas were the pioneers in architecture from aihole to pattadkal, aihole cradle of Indian temple architecture starting from 4th century, pallavas copied it when they attacked badami & destroyed many temples ,buildings , looted statues also & they took artisans also, but when Vikramaditya 2 occupied kanchipuram 3 times by defeating the pallavas he didn't destroyed any temples or looted, he itself donated to it because chalukyas respect arts architecture they know the value of it , because they created it first & also many artisans from aihole badami have worked in pallavas temples.
Historical neutrality is when Anirudh Kanisetti and Vikram Sampath will sit in a room and share a drink.
One problem I have with the mainstream dating of the Indian temples is there is so guess work going on, in my town near Kanchipuram we have many temples, the historians dated all them in single century, but even a child can look at it tell that those temples couldn't have built in same century, one looks almost new, and the other degraded to point it's hard to identify statues, yet no signs of manmade damage and nature couldn't have done because the temple only 1 or 2 km apart.
It's just baffling to me in south India they dated almost all ancient temples form 7th century to 11th century, that almost 90% of the temples in that range, it like everyone in India had nothing to do in those 400 years expect for sculpting and building temples.
And when evidence like Mahabalipuram undersea temple staring and screaming at them much older time for stone architectures in south. They just ignore that and pretend that they didn't exist. It's not even that hard to see, if you know where to look you can see the top of vimana from the Mahabalipuram beach temple, it's just 2 to 3 km away from the shore.
The greatest & most beautiful temples of the world were from tamils ..tamil architecture is also called dravidian architecture ..from here it spread across south & south east asia ..cholas & khmers had some of the greatest architects in history ..
Khmer architecture was heavily influenced by Tamil architecture. I had the chance to visit Angkor Wat and found several Tamil based inscriptions on the these walls. The Tamil Pallava and Chola Empires had huge influence in these regions. Rajendra Chola the great after conquering southern Karnataka protected the Khmer king Suryavarman against his enemies and secured for him the throne of the Khmer kingdom.
@@historylessons893 cholas and pallavas weren't even ethnically tamil, lol.
@@historylessons893 the incriptions in angkor wat are in sanskrit, idk what you're talking about.
Super
Luv anirudh ❤
Lords of Deccan was such beautiful book...... great writing, the pace and excitement was fantastic. Anirudh, please share your email with me
That was quite a nice talk 🙏🏼🙏🏼
❤
Absolutely not it's absurd to think that there was a verbal transmission of this kind of complexity; this was all written down there's millions of untranslated Sanskrit manuscripts with details about building temples...it's all in the literature. The problem is that the experts on architecture don't know squat about Sanskrit and Tamil literature and vice versa
Clearly there's a task for you
There is evidence that there texts on various crafts in Sanskrit and skilled craftsmen knew Sanskrit
May have been Prakrit as it's south india
@@barryobrien1890 Prakrit was the common man's form of Sanskrit It was prevalent in most parts of India Sanskrit was used by the elite and by master craftsmen, vaidyas, Mariners and such. Other wise the local language.
@@svacharya8180Yes, there seems to have been quite a number of Prakrit dialects across India. This architecture is from a much later time, likely after Prakrit and old Sanskrit had been replaced by their more modern evolutions
He said we don't know, we have only limited information and knowledge about Temple Architectures. he is completely confused. he want to mention that this is not south Indian Architecture it was came from Decan. There was lot of temple evolutions took place in the south even before Cholas. Todays south Indian Temple architectures were the result of the Old Tamil kingdoms temple architecture. later its had spread across the Indian subcontinent with little changes, adopted local designs as well.
Nice video, aihole the cradle of Indian temples architecture. Dravidian architecture invented by Chalukyas in aihole & later spread it across the south india.
Nice joke😂
@@raghuls1515 dont know the differences between jokes & real history, 😄 don't compare to fanatic tami jokers.
@@jai7185if it is from chalukyas why their architecture is called vesara style..😂if it is the cradle 😂 why less temples than land of temples TN
@@raghuls1515vesara style was a later one which was invented by kalyani Chalukyas, that to those are just theories on base of some later text books related to architecture after the aihole badami Pattadakal construction, these naming are later ones so called dravidian nagara vesara, all the so called dravidian nagara vesara architecture was started origin from karnataka and later spread to rest of India & south east asia countries through powerfull Ayyavole 500 guilds merchants from karnataka . First read history properly not just fake history by tamil wiki etc.😃😀🤣
@@jai7185 nothing to say just bullshit..simple all copied from tamil.
Indian temple atchitecture has a functionality aspect to the aka the devalaya vastu, i have seen most of the areas they are talking about and i thinknthis aapect has been overlooked, bring your measuring instruments and map the sky, these temples are deaigned for a purpose, look into it, you will be surprised
Why there always is a western expert on Indian Culture etc., are there no Indian Expert of these topics.
When we send our own children to job seeking rat races. Talented minds are pushed away.
Those who are interested are told that such things won't get you a job (which is understandable since it's difficult)
But the blatant truth is, a lot of us Indians are proud surface level and just don't question enough. We don't go deeper. We find truths we don't like and disregard it.
Plus Indian academia is very toxic, a lot of Profs make things harder for new Ph.D students. There is a grip of ego in our country's high Levels of knowledge.
Only a few great Indian Scholars have over come across this. But thier names are not known because we don't teach our children about them and what they found.
Non Indian Indologists will have their own agenda of studying about Indian history. Can't believe them even if they have spent decades. The aspects mentioned in the books written by them certainly distort many information as they don't have exposure to our land and culture. I don't endorse personally.
Great work 🙏🏽
:)👍🏽 proff being hinest
It is interesting to note that the Pallava and Chola architecture of Tamil Nadu is vastly superior to the Kannada architecture of the Chalukyas.
It is also no wonder that Tamil has a much older literature than Kannada.
What the use of claiming it's superiority when Tamil folks don't maintain such sites.
I think you got it the other way around.
Makes little sense
@@MainHyderabadi
There is a reason why the Tamil Pallava script spread to Southeast Asia and not any other Indian scripts. Only Tamil and Sanskrit inscriptions were found in Southeast Asia but not any Kannada inscriptions. Because Southeast Asia was dominated by Tamil merchant guilds which reached its peak during the reign of the Chola Empire. In this video a desperate Kannada historian tries to find something which does not exist. Tamil temples are much larger in size than Kannada temples. The oldest Tamil inscriptions are much older than Kannada inscriptions and were even found in foreign countries. And Tamil has an ancient Sangam literature which does not exist in Kannada history. These are hard facts which can not be disputed.
Rightly said 💯
Praveen Mohan is another gem of investigators on these ancient temples.
IMHO he is more authentic than this guy. This guy ia trying to score brownie points with western audiences who would like to put down Indian culture.
Praveen Mohan is a clown who sees aliens and dinosaurs everywhere. He is a delusional conspiracy theorist who spreads hogwash and pseudoscience. He's the one discrediting the knowledge and skills of our ancestors by implying "oh it must've been aliens!"
That guy just says random things without proof, for views.
People forget the university that was destroyed.. Like Takshila
Any discussion about temples without taking into account shiva teachings in agamas is a waste of time. That's why there's so much talk about "missing links... we don't know...." all simply because you don't look at the agamas
There are many agamas!
An Indian asking a westerner about Deccan temple architecture! He must ask the locals people. They would know.
In India locals always boast their language and culture and every 1000+ language speaking people in this country claim they're the very superior language and culture don't give truthful and useful information moreover they hardly have any archeological or historical knowledge across India.
Tamilians always tell nothing is older than their culture 😂.
😂
As a Tamizhan l find chauvinism painful and comes in the way of understanding!
Yes that's the truth ..all starts from tamils😊
@@raghuls1515 fake history starts from fanatic tamils only 😀🤣😆
@@jai7185u r history itself starts from middle ages 😂
There goes fake historian Kundisetti with his central asian claim.
Unappreciated comment 😊
Kundisetti: you are hilarious 😆
4:08 Π
The host trying to divide the indians
Now they will teach us about ourselves.