Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 04: "THIS LAND IS MY LAND"
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 มิ.ย. 2024
- To register for the 2015 course, visit www.edx.org/course/justice-ha....
PART ONE: THIS LAND IS MY LAND
The philosopher John Locke believes that individuals have certain rights so fundamental that no government can ever take them away. These rights-to life, liberty and property-were given to us as human beings in the the state of nature, a time before government and laws were created. According to Locke, our natural rights are governed by the law of nature, known by reason, which says that we can neither give them up nor take them away from anyone else. Sandel wraps up the lecture by raising a question: what happens to our natural rights once we enter society and consent to a system of laws?
PART TWO: CONSENTING ADULTS
If we all have unalienable rights to life, liberty, and property, how can a government enforce tax laws passed by the representatives of a mere majority? Doesnt that amount to taking some peoples property without their consent? Lockes response is that we give our tacit consent to obey the tax laws passed by a majority when we choose to live in a society. Therefore, taxation is legitimate and compatible with individual rights, as long as it applies to everyone and does not arbitrarily single anyone out.
![เกิดใหม่ทั้งทีก็เป็นสไลม์ไปซะแล้ว ซีซั่น 3 - ตอนที่ 57 [ซับไทย]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pNhft3YZFRE/mqdefault.jpg)
At this point, I've started to recognize most of the faces
😅😅
You saw the pretty black girl?
@@obinnachiekezi5139 where?
@@KimAhrina11 watch the first video,towards the ending,the man didn't ask her for her name😭
fr lmao
me, a high school student, in 2020, during quarantine, binge watching these like I would a Netflix series
same
same bro from india
Same!! Binge watching something like this at 3am gives me the same satisfaction as binge watching JRE podcasts with scientists haha
Me toooooo I’m watching this for debating. From Sri Lanka
Same binge watching these so that they can help me when I apply to university at the end of this year. I need that knowledge if I want to stand a chance at getting into Oxford.
Best thing about these lectures is that he never takes sides. He has been neutral all the way and made students make their own claims. Interesting.
He's not neutral but incredibly left wing. Otherwise he would point out the blindingly obvious benefits that following Locke's ideas has brought for the nation as a whole, as compared with other systems of property historically. Either left wing or a complete idiot, and presumably being a lecturer at Harvard not the latter.
Lol....look who's biased, now?
@@rogerpattube except all nations follow just about the same rules when it comes to property and such because of economic necessity. Then there are nuances. Like for example if you compare USA to Scandinavia:
Guess which place offers better education, health, life expectancy and general reported life satisfaction as well as less crime, incarceration, teenage pregnancy, bad health (WHODAS) and murder? Because the nordic countries don't go all in Locke.
@@rogerpattube When did the USA government follow Locke's ideas? Anything prior to the 1964 civil rights act is problematic...
@@rogerpattube So, just to clarify what you're saying: He's not neutral because he didn't broadcast the benefits of ONE idea over any others (id est, he was carefully neutral)?
By that token, he's not neutral because he was neutral. Sounds to me like you're indoctrinated against the so-called 'leftists' you're generalising all of Harvard to be.
You have some serious thinking to do.
Congratulations to an excellent professor for expertly guiding a room not just to memorize but to think and articulate themselves.
00:44 - John Locke Analogy of natural rights - life, liberty and property
12:41 - Right to property - our labor can take something unowned and convert it to private property -
example of drug patent - IPR - dispute over cheap AIDS drug
21:13 - Locke says - There is right to property which arise even before the existence of state itself but it is subjected to the provision that there is enough as much and as good, left for others on earth
26:06 - Locke's theory on Legitimate government
33:03 - Consent role in society by John Locke - Collective Consent
45:55 - Locke's view of natural right is that they are unalienable to the extent that they are not ours to give them up. that's what creates the legitimate govt. Its not what we consent to - limits govt. But it is our lack of power to give away our natural rights.
then the question arises that if we don't have that powers then how can we give consent to limit our natural rights to society/state.
49:24 - Locke is against arbitrary govt, he is against arbitrary taking. But if there is general law such that the government's choice is non arbitrary, it doesn't really amount to violation of peoples rights.
thank you💙
thanks
american companies also tried to patent haldi or turmeric which has been used since ages in india as a household medicine...one sided rules of patent are being made to justify profit
'.. I think this is the answer Locke would give '
That's the best compliment I've ever heard Gogol.
Gokul ! He's an indian descendant thinks so!
This shows how necessary a lecture hall is instead of virtual education. The dialogue and input and interactive connections are part of the learning process. An excellent teacher must be experienced. We are social creatures and our physical connections are being virtually constrained by Covid.
@@onlyabudi That's a very small minority, judging by the full to capacity lecture hall.
Everything societal has a dual responsibility. Which is preceded by having freedom of CHOICE . 90% of the world doesn’t have this luxury .
Why couldnt you just pick out random student via zoom to do the same thing? Virtual education is fine.
This shows that in a Harvard study hall in 2009, when filmed, students who can critically articulate themselves stood up and iterate their very diverse arguments when offered the opportunity. Such lecture dynamic has yet been replicated to par in other live lecture halls in my decade and a lustrum of post-secondary, post-graduate experience.... nevertheless, I do prefer what you're trying to advocate.
@@susanjones4904 no I’m iujuuupiuyiioo up opiuuU see ooo we ssiiiisis
i should be doing homework for classes im actually enrolled in... instead i cant stop watching these.
Ironically, I actually have to watch these for a Ethics in Criminal Justice class I'm enrolled in.
@@c0mf0rta61ynum6 want a cookie
@@cyberblock7619 Well, since you asked, sure, I guess. My favorite is White Chocolate Chip Macadamia.
Physics vs philosophy
My life in a nutshell
What is life!
Yes lets go online and watch a Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT, Stanford, etc, lecture and just pretend for 55 minutes that we too are Ivy Leaguers
Oh my God, look at how far we've become. I'm a freshmen from a third world country. These Ivy League videos are super refreshing lol. In my country they lecture as if we're middleschoolers
You're still receiving the benefit! Whatta bonehead!
@@kristybarnes2563 I don't think it was a negative thing to say. Beyond simple prestige there's something compelling about this large room in the video, the active discussion, and the gifted orator offering a critical insight into ethics. I concede that it can be read in a negative fashion, but also a positive one.
Haha
@@zacharychandler8399 I took it as ungrateful. Honestly, where's the prestige in taped lectures?
Thank you Harvard for uploading these resources! Incredibly insightful and enlightening. General information and context is provided, with discussion and debate on the key ideas. Locke's concepts of life, liberty and property are the fairest and most equitable forms of freedom in the modern world.
Hell no. Libertarianism is a far superior way of thinking, this lecture supports this fully.
Are you kidding? I just supported Locke's concepts of "life, liberty and property"? Read the comment before your respond.
***** Hey Ryan, enjoy making the same mistake the last two generations of Americans did, ignoring the Libertarians who will remain right throughout the years of your ignorance and others despite baseless criticism.
***** Really. The party who hasn't won an election. The party resisting the two party monopoly that formed after the civil war and we are the ones supporting what the last two generations have been doing?
I can't even comprehend the irrational thoughts you're having, this is a pointless debate if this is your state of mind.
***** Random and unfounded claims about libertarian ideas once again, surprise surprise. Liberalization of markets.. how is this what we have today? Last I checked Monopolies have unchecked power and unending reigns today, something Libertarian ideals actually shuts down unlike republican or democrat ideals that serve to promote their own monopolies and shut down their competitors. Libertarians provides a free market while disbanding any monopolies to ensure a free market just like the founding fathers, :O. big shocker our ideals match the founders again, unlike your two treasonous parties). Destroy liberty? Perverse effect? We're the libertarian party, fighting for the rights of the people and the restoration of the people's wealth instead of banks owning our asses. How can you again claim such ignorant views so unfounded that it crosses the line of comedy? Ignorance must be bliss, it must be.
These lectures are actual gems of TH-cam
stupendous ,no mean a wonder that Harvard university is one of the best universities on the Globe. It encourages such a healthy level of debate.
You're comment gave me cancer
@@andylam2372 "You're"??? Dude, your stupidity gave me cancer.
@@andylam2372 Her name suggests english is not her native language, i can forgive poorer english on those grounds.
Her english wasn't perfect but it's more than understandable.
Your english however, if you are a native there is no excuse.
@@anders8327 Good point dude.
This isn't necessarily a Harvard thing. This is how philosophy classes work.
Seeing the number of views on this excellent series in some minor way helps me have hope for the human race.
We all desire to be better humans! We are simply prone to doing whatever is easiest (makes sense... less energy expenditure) and in the complex social structures we have now that provide the resources we need for survival with little to no effort on our part (at least mentally), the incentive to learn and become better in this way has dramatically decreased. Humans, however, still have an intense innate desire to obtain knowledge as this is how our species has survived and thrived for so long. We just need to, now that knowledge is not necessarily essential to surivival, find ways to make learning easier on ourselves and, more importantly, easier than the alternative option (ignorance and becoming worse humans). These videos help! We can get our fix of visual and auditory stimuli and obtain a decent amount of useful knowledge in the process!
I thank my dad for introducing a 13 year old me to Justice. It has really helped me expand my thinking of the world in general.
M6uuxj😄😄 9
thats interesting, were you able to understand it at such a young age?
@@ExploreLifeBabywell, to be honest, I’m high school student also, but my dad definite justice and equality what I was young
@@ExploreLifeBabyI reckon that’s no matter of ago, only perspective and educational levels or quality
I keep in a dream, that have never sat in a class. Frankly I envy the students in that room. Sandel has successfully made me realize my worth as a social being. I wish I could enroll into Harvard!
You don't need to become "A Harvard's man" to reach the pinnacle of your worth as social being. But if your idea of this "pinnacle" is of landing a job in a great Corporation then don't waste your time and enroll right away.
i didn't say i won't reach the pinnacle of my worth if i do not enroll into Harvard, i said sadel has made me realise it, and that i envy the harvards not because of Harvard but because of being present in the justice class having the opportunity to contribute during the lectures
Ebrima, This is typical in most university settings. However, when I attended college, we had smaller numbers of students. The Profs were able to learn the names of each student. I never took a class with 200 students. I think that's too many.
@@manthony777 You wont get this level of expertise in most colleges
Some of those who sit in the crowd of these extraordinary classes become the lawyers who chase the legal loopholes or estimate the cost of being caught by those who can afford more than the $90/day to stay for some years in an upgraded room.
Thank you Harvard for having these on TH-cam!! This professor is incredible!! I wish all professors were like this. He challenges how and the way we think... and is very respectful of others viewpoints This man is gold !!!11
A Professor so in Command of the Subject he’s confident in riffing the entire lecture with his students providing the arguments….brilliant!!
He says nothing about embezlement.
I would never have missed class if this was my lecturer
My fav proff of all time. He always tries to remain neutral, clarifies and helps students put their ideas into words and provide various ideas and texts with in depth explanation. I wish all professors were like this! Would make learning such a joy!! (also, hes funnyyy)
I have watched this series at least four times over the years, and I have learned new things each time. Watching it makes me feel young and like I was back in college and grad school majoring in cultural anthropology, as opposed to being old and retired as I am now. I have meant to make this comment many times before now, and finally, watching it yet again now in 2024, I can no longer not speak up. Dr. Sandel makes an incorrect statement/assumption in episode 4 "This Land is My Land," the subject of which is mainly John Locke's ideology. Dr. Sandel states that Native Americans were hunters and gatherers hence didn't have fenced land boundaries, whereas in fact, several Native American nations did have large, complex well-bounded cities not unlike other large cities around the world throughout history. The Aztecs, Mayans, and Incans are but a few Native American examples of this. Also, numerous Native American societies practiced agriculture, growing corn, potatoes, squash, and grapes to name just a few. Perhaps their cornfields didn't have European-style "fences" such as stone and wooden walls, but they were indeed bounded. To regard real or virtual "lines in the sand" as not to be "fencing" would be ethnocentric. If Dr. Sandel had realized this, I think he could have argued that according to Locke, the seizure of Native American land by the colonialists was outright theft and not the right thing to do (and the cocky Libertarians couldn't have explained it away). All colonialism around the entire world has been guilty of the same kind of theft justified by ethnocentrism. It is no wonder that we are still paying for these wrongs, the price of which being continuous war and conflict. "The sins of the fathers shall be visited upon the sons."
I was hoping someone in the class was going to state/ notice the connection I saw between the enforcement of laws and taxation, but no one did so here is the connection I noticed.
An interesting and valid argument was made by Locke for law enforced by government, and not by the individual victim. The argument states the victim would preferentially weight the crime as worse when inflicted upon himself vs upon another. This leading to severe punishments like death and the taking of life when it is not necessarily justified. Therefore the punisher could be also violating the offenders right to life. I think this idea also is applicable to enforcing taxation of those who voted against that specific taxation because an individual will preferentially be biased , even in extreme cases, to vote for a tax that benefits themselves and and against a tax that will not benefit them. This makes a great case that enforced taxation is not a violation or theft of ones unalienable right to property. Because a person may preferentially, to an extreme even, vote for taxation strictly to benefit ones self even when the outcome will harm the majority or encroach upon others unalienable rights. Therefore if one has consented to be apart of society under a government then the decision of taxation must be left up to the majority which ultimately decides what is considered a persons property and what is not i.e. taxes owed. Because the majority will unbiasedly choose the definition of property at a preferentially unbiased level selecting for the best definition of property.
Does anyone have an opinion on this or any reasons why my idea is inaccurate?
Who is still watching in 2019?
@@patricklayman2780 How about 2021? 😁
@@scarlett4484 👋
I do favour a 'social contract' approach to understanding the relationships between rights in society/societies but I have to give way to some degree on an individual's inability to actually opt out of the society they are born into/brought up in. Bill Gates could go somewhere else if he didn't like US tax rules, but in practice many other people find that very difficult to do (as evidenced by the difficulties experienced by asylum seekers, refugees from violence and economic migrants across the world).
The argument put by some of the students that rich people got their wealth fairly is pretty superficial and assumes a lot of facts/non-facts that they do not have. Perhaps they are assuming that anything that is legal is fair, and that it always has been so, although I think they know better than that.
The real value in all this - aside from the hugely entertaining way in which Sandel conducts his classes - is in getting everyone to closely examine their knee-jerk reactions so that they can properly understand where they are deluding themselves, the value of the tenets underlying the opposing arguments, and to what extent we could reasonably be less certain about our own positions.
Great stuff. 😊
Who is still watching in 2019?
I certainly am. I'm on lecture #24. It's so enjoyable.
I am. I have Political science as subject for Indian Civil Services exam. I am totally relying on these for western political thinkers' part.
Watching this during working hours
@@AlexIgSmith42 She watched them twice, once forwards, once backwards. :P
hey alex, there are two lectures in one video. for information on the name of lecture see the description..
2024 and this is great. Second time watching.
44:20 is one of the highlights. It's fine not to pay taxes, as long as you don't use any public utilities. Roads, parks, transportation hubs, basic education, basic healthcare, etc. Can't call the police or fire brigade. Can't access the courts in case of a business dispute. This point should've been driven home properly instead of skipping to the case of conscription. If everyone is free to choose to fund only the causes they care for, we'd live in a society with tons of hungry kids and well-coiffeured poodles.
He says nothing about embezlement.
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Who is this professional broker everyone in talking about l always see her post on every TH-cam
What is the most reliable way to get in touch with her
I love this professor and wish he had been around when I went to Uni. It is an extreme privelege to be able to share these students experience of learning from this great teacher. I would have given him a standing ovation after every lecture.
ONLY TO YOUR MASTERS
@@mustafamohammed9317 not all teacher are master it depends on their quality are they really pro or not
Right to life, right to defend your right and right to protect and Defend the right of others
Thank you so so so much for having made these lectures publicly available!!!!! Fantastic professor., amazing way of teaching and also a great audience :)
I think my History teacher was inspired by this guy. He teaches the exact same way. I feel as if I was in tenth grade World History again whenever I watch these. That, plus our teacher showed us the first talk when we were learning about utilitarianism.
As an Indian I'm feeling happy and proud that Supreme court of India made Right to property as Constitutional right rather than fundamental right and settled the issue once and for all.
Interesting... What did that change?
The SC of India didn't do crap. The socialists 5 year plan cut copy paste Nehru and his successors did that by bringing in the Ultimately, the Forty Fourth Constitutional Amendment, 1978, deprived the 'right to property' of its 'fundamental right' status. Even before that Nehru started taking away and nationalizing TATA's Air India. Imagine working hard, giving your blood & sweat to start a company, and these socialists walks around and say THANK YOU, NOW ITS MINE. There is a reason Ambedkar put "RIGHT TO PROPERTY" as a FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT. And because of these silly socialists policies, most talented Indians go to CAPITALIST countries like the WEST.
@17:00 I really love how the professor guides the student away from a simple ad hominem attack to try and actually argue against Locke's argument itself.
Congratulations to an excellent professor for expertly guiding a room not just to memorize but to think and articulate themselves.
52:00 Sandel agrees with the student that raised the valid point. He puts Locke’s position into its historical context and expounds on the high likeliness that Locke had ulterior motives
This is my 3rd time watching this lecture series over the years. Brilliant professor; brilliant lectures. I've learned as much or more here as in college and grad school courses in "Anthropological Culture Theory" and "Sociological Theory." I'm sure that by now, Professor Sandel knows that indigenous Native Americans weren't all hunter/gatherers; many cultivated the land; and some did both, so Locke's private property ideas aren't problematic, and therefore colonists DID steal Native lands. He SHOULD have known this. Where did he think potatoes, corn, tomatoes, tobacco and more came from! Any school child knows that much.
Michael is one of the most intellectual person of our times ✨
Loved his way of teaching philosophy so much 🌠
I discovered the lecture 04/23 after 13 years of being uploaded. This is a very fascinating and interesting topic I have ever came across. Thank you!
My God, this man makes me feel sick. He is such a wonder teacher, he allows his student to think, I went to C.S.U.B. Where having you own opinion could get you tossed out of school. I would have loved to have Professors like him.
9 years later and it’s only gotten worse my friend :(
I was wondering if anyone had experienced that 11 years ago and you did 9 years ago. It’s horrible now!
I would never have missed class if this was my lecturer. The whole justice series is amazing!! .
Who is watching this in 2016???
(this professor really makes philosophy more interesting to study! It's a pity i'm only know about him now)
+Linh Nguyễn Ngọc Phương not only interesting, but have a profound value and meaning for the greater good.
Linh Nguyễn Ngọc Phương I do :))
good for you
Thanks!
Linh Nguyễn Ngọc Phương l also read his book "What money can't buy" several years ago.
Well as he said in the video, you have a right and a power to BE YOU. No one else has that power to be you. They can try to coerce you, they can try to hurt you, or even kill you, but they can't BE YOU. It is not transferable.
I’m a high school student learning watching this in class and it’s really engaging
He says nothing about embezlement.
This is what I need during quarantine period. I’m obsessed with this discussion.
It's interesting how the ethnicity of students affect their leaning to a certain side of the argument.
usman ranjha
How do you mean?
Uh...
Everyone has inherited bias. The only way to let it not affect our thoughts and actions is by acknowledging it and addressing it.
@@NikhilSharma-wx7kb wow
u sure about that?
Taxation is justified When right process and Procedures are followed and Majority in parliament voted For it.
If a government establishes an economic system which leads to extreme inequality and poverty for many, then it is also taking life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness from the disadvantaged.
I really got to understand so many things
Thank you so much you have been of much help
Sandel is a treasure, I'm happy to share a time period with this dude...
2024, starting law journey! This is riveting
Dear Harvard, my name is Anna. I am of Abraham Lincoln’s relation. My fourth grandfather was John Hanks, Nancy Hanks brother. In this I see the power of Lincoln in the spot resolutions. You touch my heart. The instructor reminds me of my Poly sci professor Mr. Bastear.
Michael sandal is a great teacher.
When i can't sleep after 1 am i look back to mr sandel's right and justice series and its always make me sleep better😅
Idk why, i suppose to say this is very calming but got my brain working at the same time
Woow! That's exactly me here😂
Same here😂
Does anyone else want to be a part of this discussion. Such an intellectual gathering.
After hearing students question with Patient and answer it with super logic and at the end ask student name.....Great teacher❤
So much respect and humanity in these words.
Just youtube recommending me this video after 12 years. But I find this very informative, and insightful. Loved that all students were listening and tried to raise their opinions. Loved also Sandel's way of teaching.
Search Kongsikyung. You will find the future of our society. Freedom first before Justice!!! Humanity first before Ideology!!! And for Victory of Freedom!!!
Dead Harvard, kindly download more of these discussions. It is building me up every day.
On Consent and it's fundamentals, quite an interesting discussion. Thank you!
This is so deep and meaningful. The profound knowledge that this man speaks of is making my mind explode.
I'm writing my A-levels in philosophy tomorrow and binge watching these lecture is such a great way of understanding political philosophy
im watching to help with my law personal statement haha
The way this man can remember names is close to intimidating. I want to learn this power
Only one word for these lectures, Excellent.
Even now still watching .... June 2019
even september 2019..
December 2019 as well...in Russia
I feel as dumb as a rock. calculus is simpler .
@@springrollwang4441 calculus is more difficult to my understanding... for example
After watching 3 videos , I finally paid heed to the date, omg these were posted 11years ago😱😱
We can agree that universal human truths are present in our current state of affairs. We can also agree that values are shared across a wide range of people. What we cannot say is that any of these values and truths will hold true in the future or were agree upon in the past, nor can we say that everything that we know is constant and valid. History shows that values are a product of your upbringing and these are subject to change at any moment.
I've learned about John Locke Natural Law when I was young and believed in it. But I was young and naive. It turns out that we are living in a hierarchy world.
all systems form hierarchies
@@wade2bosh The most dangerous being communist hierarchy
There are no rights or laws in nature, only the law of the stronger. Is everyone 100% retarded to not see this?
and that's why it requires maturity and and adult life experiences and life left for future consequences for someone to be viable to run governance on a society.
This lecture is so thorough. I am very grateful for this academic exposure.
Are you there bro
Your natural right to your life is given to you to do with. My the ideas of natural rights you do have the right to take your life. Rights in this respect are considered "anything you can do without hindering another." so your only restriction is upon your effects on others.
Me too... His classes are just great!
The whole justice series is amazing!! 👏
The 'Knowledge of the inspiration of forgiveness removes the veil of darkness from the eyes of the heart, and reveals the heartfelt words that transform the integral complexity of the soul's being!!!! The rainbow of precious stones was erected with the hands of the wisdom of architecture and sculpture as an unforgettable monument!!! The museum of sentimental fossils of the soul are archived in the dusty attic of the heart!!! The clouds with heavenly cotton hats are kissing the pebble face of the mountains!!! O'Conhecimento da inspiração do perdão remove o véu da escuridão dos olhos do coração, e revela as palavras sinceras que transforma a complexidade integraldo ser da alma!!!! O arco-íris de pedras preciosas foi erigido com as mãos da sabedoria da arquitetura e escultura como monumento inesquescível!!! O museu de fósseis sentimentais da alma estão arquivados no sótão empoeirado do coraçao!!! As nuvens com chapéus de algodão celestial estão beijando rosto de seixo das montanhas!!! La Connaissance de l'inspiration du pardon enlève le voile des ténèbres des yeux du cœur et révèle les paroles sincères qui transforment la complexité intégrale de l'être de l'âme !!!! L'arc-en-ciel de pierres précieuses a été érigé par les mains de la sagesse de l'architecture et de la sculpture comme un monument inoubliable !!! Le musée des fossiles sentimentaux de l'âme sont archivés dans le grenier poussiéreux du cœur !!! Les nuages aux chapeaux de coton paradisiaques embrassent le visage de galets des montagnes !!! La Connaissance de l'inspiration du pardon enlève le voile des ténèbres des yeux du cœur, et révèle les mots sincères qui transforment la complexité intégrale de l'être de l'âme !!!! L'arc-en-ciel de pierres précieuses a été érigé avec les mains de la sagesse de l'architecture et de la sculpture comme un monument inoubliable!!! Le musée des fossiles sentimentaux de l'âme est archivé dans le grenier poussiéreux du cœur !!! Les nuages aux chapeaux de coton célestes embrassent la face de galets des montagnes !!! El conocimiento de la inspiración del perdón quita el velo de tinieblas de los ojos del corazón y revela las palabras sentidas que transforman la complejidad integral del ser del alma!!!! El arcoíris de piedras preciosas fue erigido por manos de la sabiduría de la arquitectura y la escultura como un monumento inolvidable!!! El museo de los fosiles sentimentales del alma estan archivados en el desván polvoriento del corazón!!! ¡¡¡Nubes con gorros de algodón celestiales besan la cara de guijarros de las montañas!!! El conocimiento de la inspiración del perdón quita el velo de tinieblas de los ojos del corazón, y revela las palabras sinceras que transforman la complejidad integral del ser del alma!!!! El arcoíris de piedras preciosas fue erigido con las manos de la sabiduría de la arquitectura y la escultura como un monumento inolvidable!!! ¡¡¡El museo de los fósiles sentimentales del alma está archivado en el desván polvoriento del corazón!!! Nubes con celestes gorros de algodón abrazan la cara de guijarros de las montañas!!! Das Wissen um die Inspiration der Vergebung entfernt den Schleier der Dunkelheit von den Augen des Herzens und enthüllt die von Herzen kommenden Worte, die die integrale Komplexität des Wesens der Seele transformieren!!!! Der Regenbogen aus Edelsteinen wurde von der Weisheit der Architektur und Bildhauerei als unvergessliches Denkmal errichtet!!! Das Museum der sentimentalen Fossilien der Seele archiviert auf dem staubigen Dachboden des Herzens!!! Wolken in himmlischen Baumwollmützen küssen die Kieselwände der Berge!!! Das Wissen um die Inspiration der Vergebung entfernt den Schleier der Dunkelheit von den Augen des Herzens und enthüllt die aufrichtigen Worte, die die integrale Komplexität des Wesens der Seele transformieren!!!! Der Regenbogen aus Edelsteinen wurde mit den Händen der Weisheit der Architektur und Bildhauerei als unvergessliches Denkmal errichtet!!! Das Museum sentimentaler Seelenfossilien ist auf dem verstaubten Dachboden des Herzens archiviert!!! Wolken mit himmlischen Baumwollhüten umarmen das Kieselgesicht der Berge!!! Å kjenne inspirasjonen til tilgivelse fjerner mørkets slør fra hjertets øyne og avslører de inderlige ordene som forvandler den integrerte kompleksiteten til sjelens vesen!!!! The Rainbow of Gems ble bygget av arkitekturens og skulpturens visdom som et uforglemmelig monument!!! Museet for sentimentale fossiler av sjelen arkivert på hjertets støvete loft!!! Skyer i himmelske bomullshatter kysser steinveggene i fjellene!!! Å kjenne inspirasjonen til tilgivelse fjerner mørkets slør fra hjertets øyne og avslører de rettferdige ordene som forvandler den integrerte kompleksiteten til sjelens vesen!!!! The Rainbow of Gems ble bygget med hendene på visdom av arkitektur og skulptur som et uforglemmelig monument!!! Museet for sentimentale sjelefossiler er arkivert på hjertets støvete loft!!! Skyer med himmelske bomullshatter omfavner fjellenes rullestein!!! Conoscere l'ispirazione del perdono toglie il velo di oscurità dagli occhi del cuore e rivela le parole accorate che trasformano la complessità integrale dell'essere dell'anima!!!! L'Arcobaleno di Gemme è stato costruito dalla sapienza dell'architettura e della scultura come un monumento indimenticabile!!!
How can we say, this land is ours, one day all of our breathe will gone and land will be existed but our soul Won't be stayed
Watching this in 2020/1, amidst the pandemic, its so disturbing to hear so much coughing amongst the students. No wonder why classes/univs are closed.
Somebody coughed? I didn’t hear it. 🤷🏼♀️
Many students qualify what they say/think with: "...but that is my opinion." What do they mean exactly, I wonder. That they haven't thought it through and are unsure about it? That they don't want to disagree with others (even though they do)? That they will happily change it if it isn't acceptable in their current surroundings?
The point of the course is to understand what certain schools of thought have to say about various issues based on critical thinking and rational arguments. So for example, when Rachel says she has an opinion that Locke might be used to defend the appropriation of Native American lands by English settlers, what she means is that she has a hunch that this is true, but she hasn't yet worked out what argument Locke would make to justify colonization.
I think they want to disagree in a polite and civil way.
It means that you respect what the other party states and cannot expect that your argumentation be the absolute truth. Under the laws of reasoning in arguments all premises and the conclusion must be either truth or wrong in order to have a good argument. You achieve this by providing evidence and a conclusion that supports that evidence.
If one of them is false the entire argument is bad and becomes a fallacy. Therefore, that is why you say in my opinion or I believe that….
My professor of political theory challenged students who said that. It's a lack of confidence in an answer, it's someone not sticking to their guns, someone timid and not assertive. It's a more recent phenomenon too, he's noticed. A simple solution is to state "I think" before making the claim
Freedom and equality are among the most complex and fragile concepts in the history of human thought, if we ever understood them, and until today they have not really been experienced in their fullness, and only occur through a collective effort that demands so much good faith that perhaps it is, in fact, impossible to happen in reality.
Who is watching in 2018????
listening to all
Viral Shot 저요
Viral Shot
Me
Viral Shot for all times lecture))
Me...
Great professor and students, I tried to imitate the way the professor teaching style and I failed horribly in China
You are Chinese?
sorry if I'm wrong, but is it maybe because the students aren't as bright?
@@kaushalagrawal6258 it's because the students aren't used to it. Schools are way different in china, its a big adjustments
I'm assuming in China they just take notes and memorize it for the test...
The lecturer has a unique style to speak on the subject of the law of nature and the man-made law,i.e, the rule of law by legislators, which can regulate and govern the relationship between the government and people in a way that protects people's lives and rights, properties.
Paradoxically, what is happening to some people nowadays who are being stripped of their rights, freedoms, properties in some countries in the Middle East, for example, the Palestinians in their land, by the law of nature, namely, the law of the jungle, the same happened to the American native people who have been stripped of their lands and properties by settlers or colonists.
Give labor to society and that makes society yours. Society brings together the mass to unite and give labor that result in schools, policemen, streets, etc thus the notion "my highschool" "my neighborhood" "my street"
The young lady, Nicholai, states she would not pay her taxes so that she herself could direct her funds to causes she supports, rather than letting the government make those decisions for her. This sounds plausible but if she is entitled to make that decision then others also have that right. In that case I could decide the cause I support is myself and the rest of the world be damned. How then would she respond to John F. Kennedy’s reasoning when he said in his inaugural address, “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, how can it protect the few who are rich?”
I would also point out that the true law of nature is the strong devour the weak. When the first Neanderthals joined together in a common defense it was an attempt to thwart this basic law of nature and that was the beginning of the rule of law, or if you will, government.
DALE MCCARTY It obvious she doesn't know what she saying.
I would add that the first human groups did not joined together to thwart the Law of the strongest, but as an act of acknowledgment and reaffirmation of this Law. By becoming stronger themselves they could "devour" the weak instead, and that means taking their possessions, territories and sometimes slavering their wives and children . The Right to Property was no pre political at all, according to these facts.
I will agree that she was not articulate and her thoughts not yet well defined, but her intuition was leading in the right direction. I would like to address your comment:
"...if she is entitled to make that decision then others also have that right. In that case I could decide the cause I support is myself and the rest of the world be damned."
Everyone is entitled to make the decision that the cause they support is themselves. Only the laborer has the rights to the fruits of their labor. Any other means by which their labor or property is taken, without express individual consent, can be considered slavery or theft.
If the cause you support is yourself, the rest of "the world" wouldn't "be damned," they would simply not be receiving your voluntary contribution. And accordingly, if you voluntarily choose to not support a cause then you can lay no claim to the services provided by that cause. This is the point that the young man made, when he said that Nicholai is free to return to the state of nature, but she "can't take Mass Ave." However, in this statement I think he misses two things:
1) It is unlikely that Nicholai wants to FULLY return to the state of nature, due to it's inconveniences as discussed. My guess is that she would be perfectly willing to support the building of roads, especially given that they are very useful to her. Although, perhaps she would be more willing to pay into toll roads, where her contribution is matched proportionally to her consumption. But let's say, for the sake of example, that she is totally unwilling to contribute to social security, where she finds the benefit to be highly questionable. In this case, I would argue that by the law of nature, under legitimate government, she must be allowed to opt out. And by doing so she would not only remove herself from any associated costs, but also any associated benefits.
2) He doesn't consider the situation in which the "benefits" of the government are provided in such a way that you are "forced" to partake. Let's say there is a natural path between my house and my place of employment, and by necessity, I walk it everyday. Against my consent, the majority decides to build a road over top of the path. By lack of a viable alternative route I am forced to use it. According to the law of nature, do I have a moral obligation to contribute to that road? The government cannot tie me up, force feed me rotten eggs, and then legitimately charge me for the consumption of the meal.
You also cite JFK's quote: "If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, how can it protect the few who are rich?"
A free society, by virtue of it's being free (i.e. in accordance with the law of nature), protects both the poor and the rich. As Frederic Bastiat stated in his famous writing, The Law:
"Under such an administration, everyone would understand that he possessed all the privileges as well as all the responsibilities of his existence. No one would have any argument with government, provided that his person was respected, his labor was free, and the fruits of his labor were protected against all unjust attack. When successful, we would not have to thank the state for our success. And, conversely, when unsuccessful, we would no more think of blaming the state for our misfortune than would the farmers blame the state because of hail or frost. The state would be felt only by the invaluable blessings of safety provided by this concept of government."
She wants to take but not give back.
If she wants to go back to nature she will die because of deterministic nature of the world or universe around us. So to overcome the deterministic nature of the world living beings naturally need to give consent to exert possibilism and live. And when you start giving consent to coperate for the possibilism everything starts
VERY interesting. Thank you all who made these videos possible.
It takes a true Critic to sit through all these videos. Although judging from the ratio of views of said videos tells me that allot of people easily turn to skepticism. He did warn them from the beginning that it would be controversial. It takes the greatest people to know both sides of an argument.
47:17 to 48:07, I think that it may be right in ideal circumstances but that is not very practical. We shouldn't have to depend on luck to decide whether we risk our lives or not. I think that a better idea might be to just have everyone participate in that essential activity but not at the same time. Like, in we can have it so that between the ages of 18( when we become an adult) to the age of say 32, every person , the male, female and the disabled( I believe that everyone can do something), will have to work for 2 years in the military. Those whose work is excellent can stay, maybe they like the salary or they are patriotic, the point is that they can stay and keep protecting.
My example for explaining this: Suppose on a 10*10 plot, 10 men reside but only need 5% of the area, then after everyone is granted their natural rights, then the remaining 50% left is up for grabs. If even one person has less that 5% then instead of choosing randomly who should give up some of his land instead everyone can give some of his land. The final picture should be that only 50% of the area is up for grabs.
This is sooo good! Thank you Harvard for posting this lectire
“at least where there is enough, and as good, left in common for others“ this a good locke´s argument against gates wealthy....
Gates is left
It's not a right to Life , Liberty and property !
It is , Life , Liberty and PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS !
Who has tweeked the matter into a different word , which implys a whole different intent ?
Prerequisition , life , liberty , and property
I'm 12 years old and this is what I watch, i'm planning to go to Harvard later on in my life, so this, in a way, is like Pre-Harvard for me!
This is top 5 on my list of things that didn't happen
johnston336 Yeah I feel you. But the very idea that it is still on your list says something positive.
You're in a for a surprise kid, lol.
You are technically 15 years old now, almost time to go to college... good luck
Uber Mensch: so are you still watching this after 3 yrs?
Students in my country need these lectures but we chosed to teach Marxism instead. What a great choice.
I listen these lectures and I want to say that you have the best teachers, the best universities!
1st November 2022 and I am watching them all over again and again...
Tywin Lannister, that you?
Congratulations to an excellent professor for expertly guiding a room not just to memorize but to think and articulate themselves.
every video you comment that
I also found this on 2020, wish I had known this 10 years ago :) but nevertheless very appreciated!
What a lovely professor
His lectures are so clear
Really I think it's a best issue for our learning. Thank you very much dear Sir.
I love how he keeps telling them to stand up
Because you love to say yes to YOUR MASTER.
Lovely Harvard students, please share with us the books you are reading for this course. Some of us cannot afford Harvard but love reading. This Professor is very talented.
course material for reading is on edx u can get the free audit version and check it out .... that is if u hvnt already finished or given up on this course
Listeners are referred to the essay "Agrarian Justice," by Thomas Paine, in which Paine picked up on the Physiocratic principle of the public right to the rent of land. Generally overlooked is the extent to which this principle was written about and debated over among the Framers of the U.S. Constitution.
Il museo dei fossili sentimentali dell'anima archiviati nella polverosa soffitta del cuore!!! Nuvole in paradisiaci cappelli di cotone baciano le pareti di ciottoli delle montagne!!! Conoscere l'ispirazione del perdono rimuove il velo delle tenebre dagli occhi del cuore e rivela le parole giuste che trasformano la complessità integrale dell'essere dell'anima!!!! L'Arcobaleno di Gemme è stato costruito con le mani sapienti dell'architettura e della scultura come un monumento indimenticabile!!! Il museo dei fossili dell'anima sentimentale è archiviato nella polverosa soffitta del cuore!!! Nuvole con paradisiaci cappelli di cotone abbracciano la parete ghiaiosa delle montagne!!! JJJSSS Deus fez as mães para ensinar o amor sacrificial; assim como ele ensinou o amor sacrificial no lábaro dos versos da liberdade!!! O sol da virtude maternal está iluminando a lua da inspiração e as estrelas da vitória no céu da alma da vida!!! O céu é a epítome e o zênite da liberdade da alma imortal!!! God made mothers to teach sacrificial love; just as he taught sacrificial love in the labarum of the verses of freedom!!! The sun of motherly virtue is illuminating the moon of inspiration and the stars of victory in the sky of the soul of life!!! The Heaven is the epitome and zenith of the immortal soul's freedom!!! Dieu a fait des mères pour enseigner l'amour sacrificiel ; tout comme il a enseigné l'amour sacrificiel dans le labarum des versets de la liberté !!! Le soleil de la vertu maternelle illumine la lune de l'inspiration et les étoiles de la victoire dans le ciel de l'âme de la vie !!! Le Ciel est l'incarnation et le zénith de la liberté de l'âme immortelle !!! Dios hizo a las madres para enseñar el amor sacrificial; así como enseñó el amor sacrificial en el lábaro de los versos de libertad!!! ¡¡¡El sol de la virtud maternal ilumina la luna de la inspiración y las estrellas de la victoria en el cielo del alma de la vida!!! ¡¡¡El cielo es la encarnación y el cenit de la libertad del alma inmortal!!! Dio ha creato le madri per insegnare l'amore sacrificale; così come insegnava l'amore sacrificale nel labaro dei versi della libertà!!! Il sole della virtù materna illumina la luna dell'ispirazione e le stelle della vittoria nel cielo dell'anima della vita!!! Il paradiso è l'incarnazione e lo zenit della libertà dell'anima immortale!!! Dio ha creato le madri per insegnare l'amore sacrificale; così come insegnava l'amore sacrificale nel labaro dei versi della libertà!!! Il sole della virtù materna illumina la luna dell'ispirazione e le stelle della vittoria nel cielo dell'anima della vita!!! Il cielo è l'incarnazione e l'apice della libertà dell'anima immortale!!! Gott hat Mütter dazu geschaffen, aufopfernde Liebe zu lehren; so wie er im Labarum der Verse der Freiheit aufopfernde Liebe lehrte!!! Die Sonne der mütterlichen Tugend erleuchtet den Mond der Inspiration und die Sterne des Sieges am Himmel der Seele des Lebens!!! Der Himmel ist der Inbegriff und Höhepunkt der Freiheit der unsterblichen Seele!!! God schiep moeders om opofferende liefde te onderwijzen; net zoals hij offerliefde leerde in de labarum van de verzen van vrijheid!!! De zon van moederlijke deugd verlicht de maan van inspiratie en de sterren van overwinning aan de hemel van de ziel van het leven!!! De hemel is de belichaming en het hoogtepunt van de vrijheid van de onsterfelijke ziel!!! Ο Θεός δημιούργησε τις μητέρες για να διδάξουν τη θυσιαστική αγάπη. όπως δίδασκε τη θυσιαστική αγάπη στο λαβύρινθο των στίχων της ελευθερίας!!! Ο ήλιος της μητρικής αρετής φωτίζει το φεγγάρι της έμπνευσης και τα αστέρια της νίκης στον ουρανό της ψυχής της ζωής!!! Ο Παράδεισος είναι η επιτομή και το αποκορύφωμα της ελευθερίας της αθάνατης ψυχής!!! Бог создал матерей, чтобы они учили жертвенной любви; так же как учил жертвенной любви в лабаруме стихов свободы!!! Солнце материнской добродетели зажигает луну вдохновения и звезды победы на небе души жизни!!! Небеса - это воплощение и кульминация свободы бессмертной души!!! Бог створив матерів, щоб вони навчали жертовної любові; так само як вчив жертовного кохання в лабарумі віршів свободи! Сонце материнської чесноти запалює місяць натхнення та зірки перемоги на небі душі життя! Небеса - це втілення та кульмінація свободи безсмертної душі! Bóg stworzył matki, aby uczyły ofiarnej miłości; tak jak uczył miłości ofiarnej w labarum wersów wolności!!! Słońce macierzyńskiej cnoty rozświetla księżyc natchnienia i gwiazdy zwycięstwa na niebie duszy życia!!! Niebo jest uosobieniem i kulminacją wolności nieśmiertelnej duszy!!! Gud skapte mødre til å undervise i offerkjærlighet; akkurat som han lærte oppofrende kjærlighet i labaro av frihetens vers!!! Solen til moderlig dyd lyser opp inspirasjonsmånen og seiersstjernene på himmelen til livets sjel!!! Himmelen er selve symbolet og toppen av den udødelige sjelens frihet!!! 上帝创造了母亲来教导牺牲之爱； 就像他在自由诗篇的拉巴罗中教导牺牲的爱一样！！！ 母德的太阳照亮了生命之魂的天空中的灵感之月和胜利的星辰！！！ 天堂是不朽灵魂自由的缩影和顶峰！ Deus criou as mães para ensinar o amor sacrificial; assim como Ele ensinou o amor sacrificial em Raballo nos Salmos Livres! ! ! O sol da mãe virtude ilumina a lua da inspiração e as estrelas da vitória no céu da alma da vida! ! ! O céu é o epítome e o pináculo da liberdade da alma imortal! Dieu a créé des mères pour enseigner l'amour sacrificiel ; tout comme Il a enseigné l'amour sacrificiel à Raballo dans les Psaumes Libres ! ! ! Le soleil de la vertu maternelle illumine la lune de l'inspiration et les étoiles de la victoire dans le ciel de l'âme de la vie ! ! ! Le paradis est la quintessence et le summum de la liberté de l'âme immortelle !!! JJJSSS
These lectures are FIRE. Harvard be seeing other people doing lectures and they like "HOLD MY BEER"! HAHAHATEEHEEWHOOHOOWOO哈哈哈哈哈하하하하하ROFL-COPTER MDR!
To understand individual episode. I need 2 hour for each one.
I m thankful to great efforts of HARWARD
to provide such a easy asses to such great lectures.